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Shen Y, Xiao Y, Edkins RM, Youngs TGA, Hughes TL, Tellam J, Edkins K. Elucidating the hydrotropism behaviour of aqueous caffeine and sodium benzoate solution through NMR and neutron total scattering analysis. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123520. [PMID: 37858637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrotropism is a convenient way to increase the solubility of drugs by up to several orders of magnitude, and even though it has been researched for decades with both experimental and simulation methods, its mechanism is still unknown. Here, we use caffeine/sodium benzoate (CAF-SB) as model system to explore the behaviour of caffeine solubility enhancement in water through NMR spectroscopy and neutron total scattering. 1H NMR shows strong interaction between caffeine and sodium benzoate in water. Neutron total scattering combined with empirical potential structure refinement, a systematic method to study the solution structure, reveals π-stacking between caffeine and the benzoate anion as well as Coulombic interactions with the sodium cation. The strongest hydrogen bond interaction in the system is between benzoate and water, which help dissolve CAF-SB complex and increase the solubility of CAF in water. Besides, the stronger interaction between CAF and water and the distortion of water structure are further mechanisms of the CAF solubility enhancement. It is likely that the variety of mechanisms for hydrotropism shown in this system can be found for other hydrotropes, and NMR spectroscopy and neutron total scattering can be used as complementary techniques to generate a holistic picture of hydrotropic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Shen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Yitian Xiao
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Robert M Edkins
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295, Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Tristan G A Youngs
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Terri-Louise Hughes
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - James Tellam
- ISIS Deuteration Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Katharina Edkins
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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2
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Shen Y, Cruz-Cabeza AJ, Azzouz O, Edkins K. Using Prenucleation Aggregation of Caffeine-Benzoic Acid as a Rapid Indication of Co-crystallization from Solutions. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1942-1950. [PMID: 36942815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Co-crystal design is a convenient way to remedy the poor biopharmaceutical properties of drugs. Most studies focus on experimental co-crystal screening or computational prediction, but hardly any work has been done toward fast, efficient, and reliable prediction of solution crystallization for co-crystal formation. Here, we study the caffeine-benzoic acid co-crystal system, due to its reported difficulty to crystallize from the solution phase. With this work, we investigate whether there is a link between prenucleation aggregation in solution and co-crystal formation and how to harness this for crystallization prediction. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy is used to study the prenucleation interaction between caffeine and benzoic acid in methanol, acetone, and acetonitrile as examples of common solvents. In this system, crystallization from methanol leads to no co-crystallization, from acetone to concomitant crystallization of co-crystal and caffeine, and from acetonitrile to pure co-crystal formation from solution. Strong heteromeric dimers were found to exist in all three solvents. Ternary phase diagrams were defined and a solution-accessible co-crystal region was found for all solvents. For this system, the prenucleation clusters found in solution could be linked to the crystallization of the co-crystal. Crystallization from DMSO did not yield the co-crystal and there were no detectable prenucleation aggregates. NMR spectroscopy to probe dimers in solution can thus be used as a fast, reliable, and promising tool to predict co-crystallization from specific solvents and to screen for suitable solvents for manufacturing and scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Shen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | | | - Ossama Azzouz
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Katharina Edkins
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
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3
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Edkins K, Shen Y. Supramolecular recognition in solution towards co-crystal formation. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s205327332209492x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Cedeno R, Cruz-Cabeza A, Drummond-Brydson R, Dudek MK, Edkins K, Fichthorn K, Finney AR, Ford I, Galloway JM, Grossier R, Kim J, Kuttner C, Maini L, Meldrum F, Miller M, Morris P, Nilsson Lill SO, Pokroy B, Price S, Rietveld IB, Rimer J, Roberts K, Rogal J, Salvalaglio M, Sefcik J, Sun W, Veesler S, Vekilov P, Wheatcroft H, Whittaker M, Zhao R. Controlling polymorphism: general discussion. Faraday Discuss 2022; 235:508-535. [PMID: 35788239 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd90023h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Edkins K, Tweedy J, Fung S, Edkins RM. Steric influence on solvate formation – a comparison of resorcylic acid and two brominated derivatives. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01592c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Unbalanced steric bulk can lead to increased solvate formation as shown in non-, mono- and dibrominated resorcylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Edkins
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jane Tweedy
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, University Boulevard, Stockton-on-Tees TS17 6BH, UK
| | - Stephanie Fung
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University Queen's Campus, University Boulevard, Stockton-on-Tees TS17 6BH, UK
| | - Robert M. Edkins
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
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Edkins K. Bridging the nucleation step – the link of molecular interactions in dilute solutions and the crystal structure. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767321092497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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7
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Yao K, Bertran A, Morgan J, Greenhalgh C, Edkins K, Bowen AM, Farrer NJ. Solvent-Dependent Reactivity and Photochemistry of Dinuclear and Mononuclear Platinum(IV) Azido Triazaolato Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021; 2021:1397-1404. [PMID: 34248415 PMCID: PMC8251955 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reaction between the platinum(IV) azido complex trans,trans,trans-[Pt(py)2(N3)2(OH)2] (1) and 1,4-diphenyl-2-butyne-1,4-dione 2 in MeCN produces the intermediate peroxide-bridged dimeric platinum(IV) azido triazolato species (5), which has been characterised by X-ray crystallography. However, if the reaction between 1 and 2 is conducted in MeOH it results in decomposition. Over time in MeCN, dimer (5) converts into mononuclear complexes trans,trans,trans-[Pt(py)2(N3)(triazole)(OH)2] (3 a/3 b), which are in dynamic exchange. If resuspended in protic solvents (MeOH,H2O), 3 a/3 b undergo a slow (22 d) irreversible rearrangement to a cyclised platinum(IV) species 4 which contains a formally N,O-chelated ligand. Conversion of 3 a/3 b to 4 in d 4-MeOH can be accelerated (384x) by irradiation with visible light, although continued irradiation also produces N3 . and OH. radicals, and the [4-N3]+ species can be readily detected by ESI-MS. Solvent choice significantly effects both the cycloaddition reaction between 1 and 2, and the stability of the resultant complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezi Yao
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUnited Kingdom
| | - Arnau Bertran
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUnited Kingdom
| | - Jacques Morgan
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUnited Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Greenhalgh
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUnited Kingdom
| | - Katharina Edkins
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUnited Kingdom
| | - Alice M. Bowen
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QRUnited Kingdom
- The Department of Chemistry, Photon Science Institute and the National EPR Research FacilityUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicola J. Farrer
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUnited Kingdom
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Wu Z, Nitsch J, Schuster J, Friedrich A, Edkins K, Loebnitz M, Dinkelbach F, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Marian CM, Ji L, Marder TB. Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Triarylboranes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17137-17144. [PMID: 32573931 PMCID: PMC7540320 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Achieving highly efficient phosphorescence in purely organic luminophors at room temperature remains a major challenge due to slow intersystem crossing (ISC) rates in combination with effective non-radiative processes in those systems. Most room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) organic materials have O- or N-lone pairs leading to low lying (n, π*) and (π, π*) excited states which accelerate kisc through El-Sayed's rule. Herein, we report the first persistent RTP with lifetimes up to 0.5 s from simple triarylboranes which have no lone pairs. RTP is only observed in the crystalline state and in highly doped PMMA films which are indicative of aggregation induced emission (AIE). Detailed crystal structure analysis suggested that intermolecular interactions are important for efficient RTP. Furthermore, photophysical studies of the isolated molecules in a frozen glass, in combination with DFT/MRCI calculations, show that (σ, B p)→(π, B p) transitions accelerate the ISC process. This work provides a new approach for the design of RTP materials without (n, π*) transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Julia Schuster
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- School of Health SciencesThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Marcel Loebnitz
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und ComputerchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Fabian Dinkelbach
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und ComputerchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und ComputerchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstr. 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) &Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE)Northwestern Polytechnical University127 West Youyi Road710072Xi'anChina
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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9
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Wu Z, Nitsch J, Schuster J, Friedrich A, Edkins K, Loebnitz M, Dinkelbach F, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Marian CM, Ji L, Marder TB. Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence from Triarylboranes: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Julia Schuster
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- School of Health Sciences The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Marcel Loebnitz
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Fabian Dinkelbach
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Universitätsstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road 710072 Xi'an China
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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10
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Mulholland KD, Yoon S, Rennie CC, Sitch EK, McKay AI, Edkins K, Edkins RM. Iridium-catalysed 3,5-bis-borylation of phthalonitrile enables access to a family of C 4h octaarylphthalocyanines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8452-8455. [PMID: 32583832 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03161e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ir-catalysed borylation of phthalonitrile produces both 4-(Bpin)phthalonitrile (1) and 3,5-bis(Bpin)phthalonitrile (2), which are potential divergent intermediates for the synthesis of functionalized phthalocyanines. To exemplify the utility of 2, we have prepared a series of 3,5-bis-arylphthalonitriles that in turn undergo sterically controlled regioselective cyclotetramization to give previously unknown C4h 1,3,8,10,15,17,22,24-octaarylphthalocyanines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie D Mulholland
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Sangbin Yoon
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christopher C Rennie
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Eleanor K Sitch
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Alasdair I McKay
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Robert M Edkins
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
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Molupe N, Babu B, Prinsloo E, Kaassis AYA, Edkins K, Mack J, Nyokong T. Photodynamic activity of Sn(IV) meso-tetraacenaphthylporphyrin and its methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel Sn(IV) meso-tetraacenaphthylporphyrin (SnTAcP) has been synthesized and characterized. SnTAcP was complexed with methyl-[Formula: see text]-cyclodextrin (m[Formula: see text]-CD), a nanocarrier that enhances water solubility, and the complexes were evaluated as PDT agents using MCF-7 breast cancer cells. A relatively low singlet oxygen quantum yield value of 0.36 was obtained in DMF, and the lowest energy Q band lies at 608 nm on the edge of the therapeutic window. SnTAcP was found to be non-toxic in the dark and phototoxic towards MCF-7 breast cancer cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC[Formula: see text] value of 11 ± 1.1 [Formula: see text]g · mL[Formula: see text] after 30 min of irradiation with a 625 nm Thorlabs LED that provides a dose of 432 J · cm[Formula: see text]. A higher IC[Formula: see text] value of 21 ± 1.1 [Formula: see text]g · mL-1 was obtained for the m[Formula: see text]-CD inclusion complex of SnTAcP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nthabeleng Molupe
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | | | - Katharina Edkins
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Edkins RM, Appel M, Seydel T, Edkins K. The modifying effect of supramolecular gel fibres on the diffusion of paracetamol and ibuprofen sodium on the picosecond timescale. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10838-10844. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01240h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quasi-elastic neutron spectroscopy reveals that model drug molecules diffuse faster in a supramolecular gel than in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Edkins
- WestCHEM Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- Thomas Graham Building
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow G1 1XL
- UK
| | - Markus Appel
- Institut Max von Laue – Paul Langevin (ILL)
- F-38042 Grenoble
- France
| | - Tilo Seydel
- Institut Max von Laue – Paul Langevin (ILL)
- F-38042 Grenoble
- France
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PT
- UK
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13
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Abstract
We report the self-diffusion in ethanol-water mixtures as a function of the water-ethanol ratio measured at different temperatures using quasi-elastic neutron spectroscopy (QENS). For our protiated samples, QENS is mainly sensitive to the dominant ensemble-averaged incoherent scattering from the hydrogen atoms of the liquid mixtures. The energy range and resolution render our experiment sensitive to the picosecond time scale and nanometer length scale. These observation scales complement different scales accessible by nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Subsequent to testing different models, we find that a simple jump-diffusion model averaging over both types of molecules, water and ethanol, best fits our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Seydel
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble, France
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Yao K, Bertran A, Morgan J, Hare SM, Rees NH, Kenwright AM, Edkins K, Bowen AM, Farrer NJ. A novel Pt(iv) mono azido mono triazolato complex evolves azidyl radicals following irradiation with visible light. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6416-6420. [PMID: 31012460 PMCID: PMC6984332 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01156k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel PtIV azido triazolato complex exists as an equilibrium between two species in d3-MeCN and evolves azide radicals (but not hydroxide radicals) when irradiated with visible light.
The platinum(iv) azido complex trans,trans,trans-[PtIV(N3)2(OH)2(py)2] (1) undergoes cycloaddition with 1,4-diphenyl-2-butyne-1,4-dione (2) under mild, catalyst-free conditions, affording a number of mono and bis click products. The major mono click product (3) exists in MeCN as an equilibrium mixture between two species; 3a and 3b rapidly interconvert through nucleophilic attack of the axial Pt–OH group at the adjacent Ph–CO group. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for this interconversion have been measured by selective saturation-transfer NMR spectroscopic experiments and are consistent with cyclisation at the Pt centre. Complex 3b was also characterised by X-ray crystallography. Visible light irradiation (440–480 nm) of 3 in d3-MeCN produces azidyl radicals (N3˙), as demonstrated by EPR spin-trapping with DMPO; no generation of hydroxyl radicals was observed. 1H–195Pt HMBC NMR confirmed that the photoproducts were PtIV rather than PtII species, and HPLC was consistent with these being [3–N3]+ species; no facile photoejection of the triazolato ligand was observed, consistent with MS/MS fragmentation of 3. When 3 was irradiated in the presence of 5′-GMP, no 5′-GMP photoproducts were observed, suggesting that complex 3 is likely to exhibit significantly simplified biological activity (release of azidyl radicals but not DNA binding) compared with complex 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezi Yao
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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15
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Abstract
Welcome to this CrystEngComm themed issue entitled “The solid state of pharmaceuticals.”
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurora J. Cruz-Cabeza
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
- Astra Zeneca
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16
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Abstract
The microheterogeneous region of aqueous acetonitrile leads to preferred localisation and aggregation of caffeine and theophylline on the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Walker
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham DH1 3LE
- UK
| | - Yitian Xiao
- School of Pharmacy
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast BT9 7BL
- UK
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17
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Hupp B, Nitsch J, Schmitt T, Bertermann R, Edkins K, Hirsch F, Fischer I, Auth M, Sperlich A, Steffen A. Stimulus-induzierte Anion-Kation-Exciplexbildung in Kupfer(I)-Komplexen als Mechanismus für mechanochrome Phosphoreszenz. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hupp
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Tanja Schmitt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Florian Hirsch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Michael Auth
- Physikalisches Institut; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Andreas Sperlich
- Physikalisches Institut; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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18
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Hupp B, Nitsch J, Schmitt T, Bertermann R, Edkins K, Hirsch F, Fischer I, Auth M, Sperlich A, Steffen A. Stimulus-Triggered Formation of an Anion-Cation Exciplex in Copper(I) Complexes as a Mechanism for Mechanochromic Phosphorescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13671-13675. [PMID: 30048568 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of the mechanisms of mechanochromic luminescence is of fundamental importance for the development of materials for photonic sensors, data storage, and luminescence switches. The structural origin of this phenomenon in phosphorescent molecular systems is rarely known and thus the formulation of structure-property relationships remains challenging. Changes in the M-M interactions have been proposed as the main mechanism with d10 coinage metal compounds. Herein, we describe a new mechanism-a mechanically induced reversible formation of a cation-anion exciplex based on Cu-F interactions-that leads to highly efficient mechanochromic phosphorescence and unusual large emission shifts from UV-blue to yellow for CuI complexes. The low-energy luminescence is thermo- and vaporesponsive, thus allowing the generation of white light as well as for recovering the original UV-blue emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hupp
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Schmitt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Hirsch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Auth
- Physikalisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Sperlich
- Physikalisches Institut, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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19
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Edkins K. Stay hydrated – where pharmaceutical hydrates come from and why. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273318094081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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20
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Ji L, Krummenacher I, Friedrich A, Lorbach A, Haehnel M, Edkins K, Braunschweig H, Marder TB. Synthesis, Photophysical, and Electrochemical Properties of Pyrenes Substituted with Donors or Acceptors at the 4- or 4,9-Positions. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3599-3606. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Lorbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Haehnel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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21
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Schmid P, Maier M, Pfeiffer H, Belz A, Henry L, Friedrich A, Schönfeld F, Edkins K, Schatzschneider U. Catalyst-free room-temperature iClick reaction of molybdenum(ii) and tungsten(ii) azide complexes with electron-poor alkynes: structural preferences and kinetic studies. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:13386-13396. [PMID: 28933494 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03096g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Two isostructural and isoelectronic group VI azide complexes of the general formula [M(η3-allyl)(N3)(bpy)(CO)2] with M = Mo, W and bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine were prepared and fully characterized, including X-ray structure analysis. Both reacted smoothly with electron-poor alkynes such as dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) and 4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butynoic acid ethyl ester in a catalyst-free room-temperature iClick [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. Reaction with phenyl(trifluoromethyl)acetylene, on the other hand, did not lead to any product formation. X-ray structures of the four triazolate complexes isolated showed the monodentate ligand to be N2-coordinated in all cases, which requires a 1,2-shift of the nitrogen from the terminal azide to the triazolate cycloaddition product. On the other hand, a 19F NMR spectroscopic study of the reaction of the fluorinated alkyne with the tungsten azide complex at 27 °C allowed detection of the N1-coordinated intermediate. With this method, the second-order rate constant was determined as (7.3 ± 0.1) × 10-2 M-1 s-1, which compares favorably with that of first-generation compounds such as difluorocyclooctyne (DIFO) used in the strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC). In contrast, the reaction of the molybdenum analogue was too fast to be studied with NMR methods. Alternatively, solution IR studies revealed pseudo-first order rate constants of 0.4 to 6.5 × 10-3 s-1, which increased in the order of Mo > W and F3C-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-COOEt > DMAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Schmid
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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22
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Seydel T, Edkins RM, Jones CD, Foster JA, Bewley R, Aguilar JA, Edkins K. Increased rate of solvent diffusion in a prototypical supramolecular gel measured on the picosecond timescale. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6340-6343. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02962h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solvent diffusion in a prototypical supramolecular gel probed by quasi-elastic neutron scattering on the picosecond timescale is faster than that in the respective bulk solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Seydel
- Institut Laue-Langevin
- Boulevard des Martyrs
- France
| | - Robert M. Edkins
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
| | | | | | - Robert Bewley
- ISIS Neutron Facility
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
- UK
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nadzri Mohd Najib
- School of Pharmacy; Queen's University Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health; Durham University; University Boulevard Stockton-on-Tees TS17 6BH UK
| | | | - Katharina Edkins
- School of Pharmacy; Queen's University Belfast; 97 Lisburn Road Belfast BT9 7BL UK
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24
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Hupp B, Schiller C, Lenczyk C, Stanoppi M, Edkins K, Lorbach A, Steffen A. Synthesis, Structures, and Photophysical Properties of a Series of Rare Near-IR Emitting Copper(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8996-9008. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hupp
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carl Schiller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Stanoppi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Lorbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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25
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Griesbeck S, Zhang Z, Gutmann M, Lühmann T, Edkins RM, Clermont G, Lazar AN, Haehnel M, Edkins K, Eichhorn A, Blanchard-Desce M, Meinel L, Marder TB. Water-Soluble Triarylborane Chromophores for One- and Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence Imaging of Mitochondria in Cells. Chemistry 2016; 22:14701-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Griesbeck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials; College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130012 P.R. China
| | - Marcus Gutmann
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Robert M. Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Chemistry Research Laboratory; University of Oxford; 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Guillaume Clermont
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires; Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS UMR5255), Bâtiment A12, 351 cours de la libération; 33405 TALENCE cedex France
| | - Adina N. Lazar
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires; Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS UMR5255), Bâtiment A12, 351 cours de la libération; 33405 TALENCE cedex France
| | - Martin Haehnel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health; Durham University, University Boulevard; Stockton-on-Tees TS17 6BH UK
| | - Antonius Eichhorn
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires; Univ. Bordeaux, ISM (CNRS UMR5255), Bâtiment A12, 351 cours de la libération; 33405 TALENCE cedex France
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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26
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Edkins K. Molecular interactions in pharmaceutical compounds. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273316099344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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27
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Sieck C, Tay MG, Thibault MH, Edkins RM, Costuas K, Halet JF, Batsanov AS, Haehnel M, Edkins K, Lorbach A, Steffen A, Marder TB. Reductive Coupling of Diynes at Rhodium Gives Fluorescent Rhodacyclopentadienes or Phosphorescent Rhodium 2,2'-Biphenyl Complexes. Chemistry 2016; 22:10523-32. [PMID: 27355689 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of [Rh(κ(2) -O,O-acac)(PMe3 )2 ] (acac=acetylacetonato) and α,ω-bis(arylbutadiynyl)alkanes afford two isomeric types of MC4 metallacycles with very different photophysical properties. As a result of a [2+2] reductive coupling at Rh, 2,5-bis(arylethynyl)rhodacyclopentadienes (A) are formed, which display intense fluorescence (Φ=0.07-0.54, τ=0.2-2.5 ns) despite the presence of the heavy metal atom. Rhodium biphenyl complexes (B), which show exceptionally long-lived (hundreds of μs) phosphorescence (Φ=0.01-0.33) at room temperature in solution, have been isolated as a second isomer originating from an unusual [4+2] cycloaddition reaction and a subsequent β-H-shift. We attribute the different photophysical properties of isomers A and B to a higher excited state density and a less stabilized T1 state in the biphenyl complexes B, allowing for more efficient intersystem crossing S1 →Tn and T1 →S0 . Control of the isomer distribution is achieved by modification of the bis- (diyne) linker length, providing a fundamentally new route to access photoactive metal biphenyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Sieck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Meng Guan Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.,Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | | | - Robert M Edkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karine Costuas
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Halet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Andrei S Batsanov
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Martin Haehnel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, University Boulevard, Stockton-on-Tees, TS17 6BH, UK
| | - Andreas Lorbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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28
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Molteni R, Bertermann R, Edkins K, Steffen A. An unexpected transmetalation intermediate: isolation and structural characterization of a solely CH3 bridged di-copper(i) complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5019-22. [PMID: 26983362 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01510g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Structural characterization of unsupported, two metal centres bridging methyl groups is rare. They have been proposed as transmetalation intermediates in cuprate chemistry, but as yet no structural evidence has been presented. We have isolated a di-copper(i) complex with solely a methyl ligand bridging two Cu(i) atoms, representing a new bonding mode of CH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Molteni
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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29
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Molteni R, Edkins K, Haehnel M, Steffen A. C–H Activation of Fluoroarenes: Synthesis, Structure, and Luminescence Properties of Copper(I) and Gold(I) Complexes Bearing 2-Phenylpyridine Ligands. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Molteni
- Institut
für Anorganische
Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Edkins
- Institut
für Anorganische
Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Haehnel
- Institut
für Anorganische
Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut
für Anorganische
Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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30
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El-Hossary E, Nissan Y, Edkins K, Bruhn H. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel 2-(arylimino)thiazolidin-4-one and 2-(benzylidenehydrazono)-3-arylthiazolidin-4-one derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.7324/japs.2016.60502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Konieczka SZ, Drisch M, Edkins K, Hailmann M, Finze M. Polyfluorinated carba-closo-dodecaboranes with amino and ammonio substituents bonded to boron. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:19576-86. [PMID: 26172122 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02055g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The inner salts x-H3N-closo-1-CB11H11 (x = 12, 2) and 7-H3N-12-F-closo-1-CB11H11 were fluorinated with elemental fluorine in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride to give the B-perfluorinated ammonio derivatives 1-H-x-H3N-closo-1-CB11F10 (x = 12, 7, 2). Deprotonation of the ammonio group yielded the corresponding amino-functionalized anions [1-H-x-H2N-closo-1-CB11F10](-) (x = 12, 7, 2) that were isolated as [Et4N](+) salts. Hydrolysis of the highly fluorinated inner salts 1-H-x-H3N-closo-1-CB11F10 (x = 12, 7, 2) is very slow in acidic aqueous solutions. This stability of the ammonio derivatives is unprecedented because the related fluorinated anion [1-H2N-closo-1-CB11F11](-) is immediately hydrolyzed to simple boron species in the presence of aqueous acids. The ammonio derivatives 1-H-x-H3N-closo-1-CB11F10 (x = 12, 7, 2) are much more acidic compared to their non-fluorinated counterparts as assessed from potentiometric titrations and DFT calculations. The inner salts and the anions were characterized by NMR and vibrational sepectroscopy. Solid-sate structures of 1-H-12-H3N-closo-1-CB11F10·H2O, 1-H-7-H3N-closo-1-CB11F10·diglyme, 1-H-2-H3N-closo-1-CB11F10·0.5H2O, 7-H3N-12-F-closo-1-CB11H10·(CH3)2CO and [Et4N][1-H-12-H2N-closo-1-CB11F10] were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Z Konieczka
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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