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Zych D, Kubis M. Bromopyrene Symphony: Synthesis and Characterisation of Isomeric Derivatives at Non-K Region and Nodal Positions for Diverse Functionalisation Strategies. Molecules 2024; 29:1131. [PMID: 38474643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrene, a renowned aromatic hydrocarbon, continues to captivate researchers due to its versatile properties and potential applications across various scientific domains. Among its derivatives, bromopyrenes stand out for their significance in synthetic chemistry, materials science, and environmental studies. The strategic functionalisation of pyrene at non-K region and nodal positions is crucial for expanding its utility, allowing for diverse functionalisation strategies. Bromo-substituted precursors serve as vital intermediates in synthetic routes; however, the substitution pattern of bromoderivatives significantly impacts their subsequent functionalisation and properties, posing challenges in synthesis and purification. Understanding the distinct electronic structure of pyrene is pivotal, dictating the preferential electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions at specific positions. Despite the wealth of literature, contradictions and complexities persist in synthesising suitably substituted bromopyrenes due to the unpredictable nature of substitution reactions. Building upon historical precedents, this study provides a comprehensive overview of bromine introduction in pyrene derivatives, offering optimised synthesis conditions based on laboratory research. Specifically, the synthesis of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrabromopyrene isomers at non-K positions (1-, 3-, 6-, 8-) and nodal positions (2-, 7-) is systematically explored. By elucidating efficient synthetic methodologies and reaction conditions, this research contributes to advancing the synthesis and functionalisation strategies of pyrene derivatives, unlocking new possibilities for their utilisation in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Zych
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Martyna Kubis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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Nabihah Mohd Yusof Chan N, Idris A, Hazrin Zainal Abidin Z, Anuar Tajuddin H. White light emission from coumarin and rhodamine derivatives based on RGB multicomponent system. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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3
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The influence study of the number of substituted heteroaryls at the non-K region of pyrene structure on the photophysical properties based on the example of pyrene with 1-decyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole motif. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Does the change in the length of the alkyl chain bring us closer to the compounds with the expected photophysical and biological properties? – Studies based on D-π-D-A imidazole-phenothiazine system. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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The Impact of a 1,2,3-Triazole Motif on the Photophysical Behavior of Non-K Tetrasubstituted Pyrene with a Substitution Pattern Providing the Long Axial Symmetry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134314. [PMID: 35807557 PMCID: PMC9268544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
1,3,6,8-Tetrasubstituted pyrene derivatives with two types of substituents (4-(2,2-dimethylpropyloxy)pyridine, 1-decyl-1,2,3-triazole, 1-benzyl-1,2,3-triazole, and pyrazole), substituted in such a way that provides the long axial symmetry, are prepared and characterized in the present study. To the best of our knowledge, the pyrene derivative containing the same heteroaryl motif (triazole) but substituted by two various alkyls, straight decyl and benzyl-based side chains (C), is reported for the first time. For comparison, compounds with one kind of triazole motif and substituted pyridine or pyrazole groups were prepared (A and B). The photophysical properties of all molecules were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-Vis spectroscopy (absorption and emission spectra, quantum yields, and fluorescence lifetimes). The obtained results were compared to analogues substituted at the 1,3,6,8 positions by one kind of substituent and also with all the 1,3,6,8-tetrasubstituted pyrenes reported in the literature substituted by two kinds of substituents with a substitution pattern that provides long axial symmetry. In addition, theoretical studies based on DFT and TD-DFT were performed that supported the interpretation of the experimental results. The photophysical properties of tetrasubstituted pyrene derivatives having triazole units at the 1,8-positions, respectively, and other identical substituents at the 3,6 positions show the dominance of triazole units in the pyrene framework; the dominance is even higher in the case of the substitution of 1,3,6,8 positions by triazoles, but containing two various alkyls.
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Karuppusamy A, Sharma A, Thomas KRJ, Kannan P. Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on Chalcones Containing Pyrene. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sharma H, Kakkar R, Bishnoi S, Daisy Milton M. Synthesis of acceptor-donor-acceptor based phenothiazine-5-oxide aldehydes displaying large Stokes shift- “on-off-on” acidofluorochromic switch and molecular logic gate operation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Incredible colorimetric sensing behavior of pyrazole-based imine chemosensor towards copper (II) ion detection: synthesis, characterization and theoretical investigations. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Singh PS, Badani PM, Kamble RM. Blue-orange emitting carbazole based donor-acceptor derivatives: Synthesis and studies of modulating acceptor unit on opto-electrochemical and theoretical properties. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Pham NNT, Han SH, Park JS, Lee SG. Optical and Electronic Properties of Organic NIR-II Fluorophores by Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory and Many-Body Perturbation Theory: GW-BSE Approaches. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2293. [PMID: 34578610 PMCID: PMC8466807 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic-molecule fluorophores with emission wavelengths in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) have attracted substantial attention in the life sciences and in biomedical applications because of their excellent resolution and sensitivity. However, adequate theoretical levels to provide efficient and accurate estimations of the optical and electronic properties of organic NIR-II fluorophores are lacking. The standard approach for these calculations has been time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). However, the size and large excitonic energies of these compounds pose challenges with respect to computational cost and time. In this study, we used the GW approximation combined with the Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) implemented in many-body perturbation theory approaches based on density functional theory. This method was used to perform calculations of the excited states of two NIR molecular fluorophores (BTC980 and BTC1070), going beyond TDDFT. In this study, the optical absorption spectra and frontier molecular orbitals of these compounds were compared using TDDFT and GW-BSE calculations. The GW-BSE estimates showed excellent agreement with previously reported experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyet N. T. Pham
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (N.N.T.P.); (S.H.H.)
| | - Seong Hun Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (N.N.T.P.); (S.H.H.)
| | - Jong S. Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (N.N.T.P.); (S.H.H.)
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Seung Geol Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (N.N.T.P.); (S.H.H.)
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Jachak M, Khopkar S, Patel K, Patil Y, Shankarling G. Synthesis of Novel d-π-A chromophores: Effect of structural manipulations on photophysical properties, viscosity and DFT study. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Investigations of New Phenothiazine-Based Compounds for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Theoretical Insight. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13102292. [PMID: 32429256 PMCID: PMC7287579 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
New D-π-D-π-A low-molecular-weight compounds, based on a phenothiazine scaffold linked via an acetylene unit with various donor moiety and cyanoacrylic acid anchoring groups, respectively, were successfully synthesized. The prepared phenothiazine dyes were entirely characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The compounds were designed to study the relationship between end-capping donor groups’ structure on their optoelectronic and thermal properties as well as the dye-sensitized solar cells’ performance. The effect of π-conjugation enlargement by incorporation of different heterocyclic substituents possessing various electron–donor affinities was systematically experimentally and theoretically examined. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations were implemented to determine the electronic properties of the novel molecules.
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Zych D, Slodek A. Double NCN-cyclometalating pyrene derivatives with two kinds of substituents – Experimental and theoretical investigations. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li JX, Guan QL, Wang Y, You ZX, Xing YH, Bai FY, Sun LX. A lanthanide–organic crystalline framework material encapsulating 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(p-benzoic acid)pyrene: selective sensing of Fe3+, Cr2O72−and colchicine and white-light emission. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A facile strategy was used to construct a series of composite materials with color-tunable and white light emission by encapsulating 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(p-benzoic acid)pyrene (H4TBAPy) into framework material [Eu(MCTCA)1.5(H2O)2]·1.75H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Lin Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- P. R. China
| | - Zi Xin You
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Heng Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Ying Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Normal University
- Dalian 116029
- P. R. China
| | - Li Xian Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials
- Guilin University of Electronic Technology
- Guilin City
- P. R. China
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Zych D, Slodek A. Pyrene derivatives with two types of substituents at positions 1, 3, 6, and 8 - fad or necessity? RSC Adv 2019; 9:24015-24024. [PMID: 35530584 PMCID: PMC9069507 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
1,3,6,8-Tetrasubstituted pyrene derivatives with two types of substituents in an asymmetry or axial symmetry pattern have been prepared and characterized. To the best of our knowledge, these compounds are compared for the first time to their analogs containing the same substituent at all four positions, which explains the need for their synthesis. We present information on the chemistry of pyrenes, which are substituted in the non-K region, to help obtain the most efficient materials. Moreover, theoretical studies were extended to analogs which contain the first type of substituent at positions 1 and 3, whereas the second type of substituent is located at positions 6 and 8, for which the synthesis is nontrivial. The obtained data show which trend these kinds of molecules will follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Zych
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, University of Silesia Szkolna 9 40-007 Katowice Poland
- Institut für Silizium-Photovoltaik, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Kekuléstraße 5 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Aneta Slodek
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, University of Silesia Szkolna 9 40-007 Katowice Poland
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Non-K Region Disubstituted Pyrenes (1,3-, 1,6- and 1,8-) by (Hetero)Aryl Groups-Review. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142551. [PMID: 31336967 PMCID: PMC6680588 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disubstituted pyrenes at the non-K region by the same or different (hetero)aryl groups have proven to be an increasingly interesting area of research for scientists over the last decade due to their optical and photophysical properties. However, in this area, there is no systematization of the structures and synthesis methods nor their limitations. In this review, all approaches to the synthesis of these compounds, starting from the commercially available pyrene are described. Herein, the ways of obtaining of disubstituted intermediates based on bromination and acylation reaction are presented. This is crucial in the determination of the possibility of further functionalization by using coupling, cycloaddition, condensation, etc. reactions. Moreover, the application of disubstituted pyrenes in the synthesis of 1,3,6,8-tetrasubstituted was also reviewed. This review describes the directions of research on chemistry of disubstituted pyrenes.
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Zych D, Slodek A, Matuszczyk D, Golba S. Comprehensive Study of Mononuclear Osmium Complexes with Various Pyrene Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Zych
- Physics and Chemistry; University of Silesia; Szkolna 9 40-007 Katowice Poland
| | - Aneta Slodek
- Physics and Chemistry; University of Silesia; Szkolna 9 40-007 Katowice Poland
| | - Daniel Matuszczyk
- Physics and Chemistry; University of Silesia; Szkolna 9 40-007 Katowice Poland
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Institute of Materials Science; University of Silesia; 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41- 500 Chorzow Poland
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Zych D, Slodek A, Golba S, Krompiec S. Cyclometalated Ruthenium, Osmium, and Iridium Complexes Bridged by an NCN–Pyrene–NCN Derivative – Synthesis and Comparison of Optical, Thermal, and Electrochemical Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Zych
- Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Chemistry University of Silesia Szkolna 9 40‐007 Katowice Poland
| | - Aneta Slodek
- Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Chemistry University of Silesia Szkolna 9 40‐007 Katowice Poland
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Institute of Materials Science University of Silesia 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A 41‐500 Chorzow Poland
| | - Stanisław Krompiec
- Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Chemistry University of Silesia Szkolna 9 40‐007 Katowice Poland
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