1
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Singhania A, Kalita S, Chettri P, Ghosh S. Accounts of applied molecular rotors and rotary motors: recent advances. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3177-3208. [PMID: 37325522 PMCID: PMC10262963 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines are nanoscale devices capable of performing mechanical works at molecular level. These systems could be a single molecule or a collection of component molecules that interrelate with one another to produce nanomechanical movements and resulting performances. The design of the components of molecular machine with bioinspired traits results in various nanomechanical motions. Some known molecular machines are rotors, motors, nanocars, gears, elevators, and so on based on their nanomechanical motion. The conversion of these individual nanomechanical motions to collective motions via integration into suitable platforms yields impressive macroscopic output at varied sizes. Instead of limited experimental acquaintances, the researchers demonstrated several applications of molecular machines in chemical transformation, energy conversion, gas/liquid separation, biomedical use, and soft material fabrication. As a result, the development of new molecular machines and their applications has accelerated over the previous two decades. This review highlights the design principles and application scopes of several rotors and rotary motor systems because these machines are used in real applications. This review also offers a systematic and thorough overview of current advancements in rotary motors, providing in-depth knowledge and predicting future problems and goals in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Singhania
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Sudeshna Kalita
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Prerna Chettri
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology Jorhat 785006 Assam India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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2
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Controlling forward and backward rotary molecular motion on demand. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2124. [PMID: 35440652 PMCID: PMC9019045 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic molecular machines hold tremendous potential to revolutionize chemical and materials sciences. Their autonomous motion controlled by external stimuli allows to develop smart materials whose properties can be adapted on command. For the realisation of more complex molecular machines, it is crucial to design building blocks whose properties can be controlled by multiple orthogonal stimuli. A major challenge is to reversibly switch from forward to backward and again forward light-driven rotary motion using external stimuli. Here we report a push-pull substituted photo-responsive overcrowded alkene whose function can be toggled between that of a unidirectional 2nd generation rotary motor and a molecular switch depending on its protonation and the polarity of its environment. With its simplicity in design, easy preparation, outstanding stability and orthogonal control of distinct forward and backward motions, we believe that the present concept paves the way for creating more advanced molecular machines. Being able to control motion at the molecular level is vital for many future developments in the molecular sciences. Here, the authors report the controlled forward and backward rotation of a molecular motor guided by external stimuli.
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3
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Design and Nonadiabatic Photoisomerization Dynamics Study of a Three-Stroke Light-Driven Molecular Rotary Motor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073908. [PMID: 35409268 PMCID: PMC8999534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Working cycle of conventional light-driven molecular rotary motors (LDMRMs), especially Feringa-type motors, usually have four steps, two photoisomerization steps, and two thermal helix inversion (THI) steps. THI steps hinder the ability of the motor to operate at lower temperatures and limit the rotation speed of LDMRMs. A three-stroke LDMRM, 2-(2,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)-1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrol-3-one (DDIY), is proposed, which is capable of completing an unidirectional rotation by two photoisomerization steps and one thermal helix inversion step at room temperature. On the basis of trajectory surface-hopping simulation at the semi-empirical OM2/MRCI level, the EP→ZP and ZP→EM nonadiabatic photoisomerization dynamics of DDIY were systematically analyzed. Quantum yields of EP→ZP and ZP→EM photoisomerization of DDIY are ca. 34% and 18%, respectively. Both EP→ZP and ZP→EM photoisomerization processes occur on an ultrafast time scale (ca. 100-300 fs). This three-stroke LDMRM may stimulate further research for the development of new families of more efficient LDMRMs.
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4
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Dimitriev OP. Dynamics of Excitons in Conjugated Molecules and Organic Semiconductor Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8487-8593. [PMID: 35298145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The exciton, an excited electron-hole pair bound by Coulomb attraction, plays a key role in photophysics of organic molecules and drives practically important phenomena such as photoinduced mechanical motions of a molecule, photochemical conversions, energy transfer, generation of free charge carriers, etc. Its behavior in extended π-conjugated molecules and disordered organic films is very different and very rich compared with exciton behavior in inorganic semiconductor crystals. Due to the high degree of variability of organic systems themselves, the exciton not only exerts changes on molecules that carry it but undergoes its own changes during all phases of its lifetime, that is, birth, conversion and transport, and decay. The goal of this review is to give a systematic and comprehensive view on exciton behavior in π-conjugated molecules and molecular assemblies at all phases of exciton evolution with emphasis on rates typical for this dynamic picture and various consequences of the above dynamics. To uncover the rich variety of exciton behavior, details of exciton formation, exciton transport, exciton energy conversion, direct and reverse intersystem crossing, and radiative and nonradiative decay are considered in different systems, where these processes lead to or are influenced by static and dynamic disorder, charge distribution symmetry breaking, photoinduced reactions, electron and proton transfer, structural rearrangements, exciton coupling with vibrations and intermediate particles, and exciton dissociation and annihilation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg P Dimitriev
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics NAS of Ukraine, pr. Nauki 41, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
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5
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Lin B, Karki I, Pellechia PJ, Shimizu KD. Electrostatically-gated molecular rotors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5869-5872. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00512c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control molecular-scale motion using electrostatic interactions was demonstrated using an N-phenylsuccinimide molecular rotor with an electrostatic pyridyl-gate. Protonation of the pyridal-gate forms stabilizing electrostatic interactions in the...
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6
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Costil R, Holzheimer M, Crespi S, Simeth NA, Feringa BL. Directing Coupled Motion with Light: A Key Step Toward Machine-Like Function. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13213-13237. [PMID: 34533944 PMCID: PMC8587610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoactuators can control shape and chemical or physical properties of the responsive system they are embedded in. These effects are usually mediated by supramolecular interactions and can be amplified to perform work at the micro- and macroscopic scale, for instance, in materials and biomimetic systems. While many studies focus on the observable outcome of these events, photoresponsive structures can also translate their conformational change to molecular components and perform work against random Brownian motion. Stereochemical cascades can amplify light-generated motion to a distant moiety of the same molecule or molecular assembly, via conformationally restricted stereogenic elements. Being able to control the conformation or motion of molecular systems remotely provides prospects for the design of the smallest machines imaginable. This Focus Review emphasizes the emergence of directed, coupled motion of remote functionalities triggered by light-powered switches and motors as a tool to control molecular topology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A. Simeth
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, University
of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Wang H, Guan Q, Wang X. Theoretical study on pentiptycene molecular brake: photoinduced isomerization and photoinduced electron transfer. J Mol Model 2021; 27:289. [PMID: 34536143 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The isomerization of the double bond plays an important role in the braking and de-braking of the light-controlled molecular brake. Therefore, the pentiptycene-type (Pp-type) light-controlled molecular brake system ((E)- and (Z)-4'-pentiptycyl vinyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile) containing the C = C double bond was theoretically studied. Combining the 6-31G(d) basis set, the ωB97XD functional with dispersion correction was applied to implement the (E)-configuration and (Z)-configuration initial optimization. Next, using the 6-311G(d,p) basis set, the relaxed potential energy surface scans of the rotation angle were operated, and then the optimization calculations of the transition states at the extremum high points. Analyzing the stagnation points and the rotational transition states on the potential energy profiles, the rotation mechanism and basic energy parameters of the molecular brake were obtained. Then, the DFT computations at ground states and the TD-DFT computations of vertical excitation energy were put into practice at the accuracy of the def-TZVP basis set for the two configurations, and using the natural transition orbital (NTO) analyses combining the excitation energies and absorption spectra, the electronic transition characteristics and electron transfer properties of light-controlled molecular brake were studied. Afterwards, in order to investigate the photoinduced isomerization reaction, the C = C double bond was scanned on the relaxed potential energy surface, and the intermediates of the isomerization reaction were searched and analyzed; thus, the braking mechanism of the light-controlled molecular brake was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Guan
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueye Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Huber LA, Thumser S, Grill K, Voßiek D, Bach NN, Mayer P, Dube H. Steric Effects on the Thermal Processes of Hemithioindigo Based Molecular Motor Rotation. Chemistry 2021; 27:10758-10765. [PMID: 33945652 PMCID: PMC8361725 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuning the thermal behavior of light driven molecular motors is fundamentally important for their future rational design. In many molecular motors thermal ratcheting steps are comprised of helicity inversions, energetically stabilizing the initial photoproducts. In this work we investigated a series of five hemithioindigo (HTI) based molecular motors to reveal the influence of steric hindrance in close proximity to the rotation axle on this process. Applying a high yielding synthetic procedure, we synthesized constitutional isomeric derivatives to distinguish between substitution effects at the aromatic and aliphatic position on the rotor fragment. The kinetics of thermal helix inversions were elucidated using low temperature 1 H NMR spectroscopy and an in situ irradiation technique. In combination with a detailed theoretical description, a comparative analysis of substituent effects on the thermal helix inversions of the rotation cycle is now possible. Such deeper understanding of the rotational cycle of HTI molecular motors is essential for speed regulation and future applications of visible light triggered nanomachines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig A. Huber
- Department für Chemie and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München81377MunichGermany
| | - Stefan Thumser
- Department für Chemie and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München81377MunichGermany
| | - Kerstin Grill
- Department für Chemie and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München81377MunichGermany
| | - David Voßiek
- Department für Chemie and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München81377MunichGermany
| | - Nicolai N. Bach
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department für Chemie and Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München81377MunichGermany
| | - Henry Dube
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
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9
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García-López V, Liu D, Tour JM. Light-Activated Organic Molecular Motors and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2019; 120:79-124. [PMID: 31849216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular motors are at the heart of cellular machinery, and they are involved in converting chemical and light energy inputs into efficient mechanical work. From a synthetic perspective, the most advanced molecular motors are rotators that are activated by light wherein a molecular subcomponent rotates unidirectionally around an axis. The mechanical work produced by arrays of molecular motors can be used to induce a macroscopic effect. Light activation offers advantages over biological chemically activated molecular motors because one can direct precise spatiotemporal inputs while conducting reactions in the gas phase, in solution and in vacuum, while generating no chemical byproducts or waste. In this review, we describe the origins of the first light-activated rotary motors and their modes of function, the structural modifications that led to newer motor designs with optimized rotary properties at variable activation wavelengths. Presented are molecular motor attachments to surfaces, their insertion into supramolecular structures and photomodulating materials, their use in catalysis, and their action in biological environments to produce exciting new prospects for biomedicine.
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10
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Abstract
Directed motion at the nanoscale is a central attribute of life, and chemically driven motor proteins are nature's choice to accomplish it. Motivated and inspired by such bionanodevices, in the past few decades chemists have developed artificial prototypes of molecular motors, namely, multicomponent synthetic species that exhibit directionally controlled, stimuli-induced movements of their parts. In this context, photonic and redox stimuli represent highly appealing modes of activation, particularly from a technological viewpoint. Here we describe the evolution of the field of photo- and redox-driven artificial molecular motors, and we provide a comprehensive review of the work published in the past 5 years. After an analysis of the general principles that govern controlled and directed movement at the molecular scale, we describe the fundamental photochemical and redox processes that can enable its realization. The main classes of light- and redox-driven molecular motors are illustrated, with a particular focus on recent designs, and a thorough description of the functions performed by these kinds of devices according to literature reports is presented. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of the field are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
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11
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Roke D, Sen M, Danowski W, Wezenberg SJ, Feringa BL. Visible-Light-Driven Tunable Molecular Motors Based on Oxindole. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7622-7627. [PMID: 31017421 PMCID: PMC6509644 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Molecular rotary
motors based on oxindole which can be driven by
visible light are presented. This novel class of motors can be easily
synthesized via a Knoevenagel condensation, and the choice of different
upper halves allows for the facile tuning of their rotational speed.
The four-step rotational cycle was explored using DFT calculations,
and the expected photochemical and thermal isomerization behavior
was confirmed by NMR, UV/vis, and CD spectroscopy. These oxindole
motors offer attractive prospects for functional materials responsive
to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diederik Roke
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Metin Sen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Danowski
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Sander J Wezenberg
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG , Groningen , The Netherlands
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12
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Schildhauer M, Rott F, Thumser S, Mayer P, de Vivie‐Riedle R, Dube H. A Prospective Ultrafast Hemithioindigo Molecular Motor. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schildhauer
- Department für ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
| | - Florian Rott
- Department für ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
| | - Stefan Thumser
- Department für ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department für ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
| | | | - Henry Dube
- Department für ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
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13
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Groppi J, Baroncini M, Venturi M, Silvi S, Credi A. Design of photo-activated molecular machines: highlights from the past ten years. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12595-12602. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06516d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Researchers continue to generate ingenious (supra)molecular structures in which light can trigger controlled and directed movements of the components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
- Istituto ISOF-CNR
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
- Istituto ISOF-CNR
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari
| | - Margherita Venturi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”
- Università di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures
- Istituto ISOF-CNR
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Senkai Han
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 100875 Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yingying Wu
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 100875 Beijing P.R. China
| | - Ran Duan
- Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhongguancun North First Street 2 100190 Beijing P.R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 100875 Beijing P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 100875 Beijing P.R. China
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15
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Pizzolato SF, Štacko P, Kistemaker JCM, van Leeuwen T, Otten E, Feringa BL. Central-to-Helical-to-Axial-to-Central Transfer of Chirality with a Photoresponsive Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17278-17289. [PMID: 30458108 PMCID: PMC6326533 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular design have displayed striking examples of dynamic chirality transfer between various elements of chirality, e.g., from central to either helical or axial chirality and vice versa. While considerable progress in atroposelective synthesis has been made, it is intriguing to design chiral molecular switches able to provide selective and dynamic control of axial chirality with an external stimulus to modulate stereochemical functions. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a photoresponsive bis(2-phenol)-substituted molecular switch 1. The unique design exhibits a dynamic hybrid central-helical-axial transfer of chirality. The change of preferential axial chirality in the biaryl motif is coupled to the reversible switching of helicity of the overcrowded alkene core, dictated by the fixed stereogenic center. The potential for dynamic control of axial chirality was demonstrated by using ( R)-1 as switchable catalyst to direct the stereochemical outcome of the catalytic enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes, with successful reversal of enantioselectivity for several substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano F Pizzolato
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Peter Štacko
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jos C M Kistemaker
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Thomas van Leeuwen
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Otten
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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16
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Dorel R, Miró C, Wei Y, Wezenberg SJ, Feringa BL. Cation-Modulated Rotary Speed in a Light-Driven Crown Ether Functionalized Molecular Motor. Org Lett 2018; 20:3715-3718. [PMID: 29878791 PMCID: PMC6038094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
design and synthesis of an overcrowded-alkene based molecular
motor featuring a crown ether integrated in its stator structure has
been accomplished. The photostationary state ratios and rotational
speed of this motor can be modulated by cation coordination to the
crown ether moiety, which can be reversed upon the addition of a competing
chelating agent, thus achieving a dynamic control over the rotational
behavior of the motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Carla Miró
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Yuchen Wei
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Sander J Wezenberg
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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