1
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Amonov A, Scheiner S. Relation between Halogen Bond Strength and IR and NMR Spectroscopic Markers. Molecules 2023; 28:7520. [PMID: 38005241 PMCID: PMC10673387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the strength of a halogen bond (XB) and various IR and NMR spectroscopic quantities is assessed through DFT calculations. Three different Lewis acids place a Br or I atom on a phenyl ring; each is paired with a collection of N and O bases of varying electron donor power. The weakest of the XBs display a C-X bond contraction coupled with a blue shift in the associated frequency, whereas the reverse trends occur for the stronger bonds. The best correlations with the XB interaction energy are observed with the NMR shielding of the C atom directly bonded to X and the coupling constants involving the C-X bond and the C-H/F bond that lies ortho to the X substituent, but these correlations are not accurate enough for the quantitative assessment of energy. These correlations tend to improve as the Lewis acid becomes more potent, which makes for a wider range of XB strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtam Amonov
- Department of Optics and Spectroscopy, Engineering Physics Institute, Samarkand State University, University blv. 15, Samarkand 140104, Uzbekistan;
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
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2
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Chen Y, Lin Z, Zhang J, Liu Y, Liang D, Li D, Zhang Y, Liu H, Chen P, Lv W, Liu G. Strategy for improvement of molecular oxygen activation capacity of PPECu by chlorine doping for water decontamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132421. [PMID: 37647668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The activation of molecular oxygen and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in the efficient removal of contaminants from aqueous ecosystems. Herein, using a simple and rapid solvothermal process, we developed a chlorine-doped phenylethynylcopper (Cl/PPECu) photocatalyst and applied it to visible light degradation of sulfamethazine (SMT) in aqueous media. The Cl/PPECu was optimized to have a 2.52 times higher steady-state concentration of O2•- (3.62 × 10-5 M) and a 28.87 times higher degradation rate constant (0.2252 min-1) for SMT compared to pure PPECu. Further, the effectiveness of Cl/PPECu in treating sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) in real water systems was verified through an investigation involving natural water bodies, SAs, and ambient sunlight. The energy band structure, DFT calculation and correlation heat map indicated that the addition of chlorine modulated the local electronic structure of PPECu, leading to an improvement in the electron-hole separation, enhanced the O2 activation, and promoted the generation of ROSs. This study not only puts forward innovative ideas for the eco-compatible remediation of environmental pollution using PPECu, but also sheds new light on the activation of oxygen through elemental doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zili Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinfan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Danluo Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Daguang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yudan Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haijin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huaihe River Water Environment and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenying Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guoguang Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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3
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Thangavadivale VG, Tendera L, Bertermann R, Radius U, Beweries T, Perutz RN. Solution and solid-state studies of hydrogen and halogen bonding with N-heterocyclic carbene supported nickel(II) fluoride complexes. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:62-76. [PMID: 37097153 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00171c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nickel fluoride complexes of the type [Ni(F)(L)2(ArF)] (L = phosphine, ArF = fluorinated arene) are well-known to form strong halogen and hydrogen bonds in solution and in the solid state. A comprehensive study of such non-covalent interactions using bis(carbene) complexes as acceptors and suitable halogen and hydrogen bond donors is presented. In solution, the complex [Ni(F)(iPr2Im)2(C6F5)] forms halogen and hydrogen bonds with iodopentafluorobenzene and indole, respectively, which have formation constants (K300) an order of magnitude greater than those of structurally related phosphine supported nickel fluorides. Co-crystallisation of this complex and its backbone-methylated analogue [Ni(F)(iPr2Me2Im)2(C6F5)] with 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene produces halogen bonding adducts which were characterised by X-ray analysis and 19F MAS solid state NMR analysis. Differences in the chemical shifts between the nickel fluoride and its halogen bonding adduct are well in line with data that were obtained from titration studies in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas Tendera
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Bertermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Robin N Perutz
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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4
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Côté M, Ovens JS, Bryce DL. Anticooperativity and Competition in Some Cocrystals Featuring Iodine-Nitrogen Halogen Bonds. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201221. [PMID: 36688875 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phenomena such as anticooperativity and competition among non-covalent bond donors and acceptors are key considerations when exploring the polymorphic and stoichiomorphic landscapes of binary and higher-order cocrystalline architectures. We describe the preparation of four cocrystals of 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene with N-heterocyclic compounds, namely acridine, 3-aminopyridine, 4-methylaminopyridine, and 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane. The cocrystals, which are characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction experiments, all show moderately strong and directional iodine⋅⋅⋅nitrogen halogen bonds with reduced distance parameters ranging from 0.79 to 0.92 and carbon-iodine⋅⋅⋅nitrogen bond angles ranging from 165.4(3) to 175.31(7)°. The cocrystal comprising 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene and acridine provides a relatively rare example where all three halogen bond donor sites form halogen bonds with three acceptor molecules, overcoming an anticooperative effect. This effect manifests itself through the lengthening of non-halogen-bonded C-I bonds, weakening their potential to form halogen bonds. The effect is only observed once two halogen bonds have been formed to 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene; one such bond does not appear to be adequate. Among the four cocrystals studied, competition between the pyridyl nitrogen atoms and the amine nitrogen atoms suggests that the former are the preferred halogen bond acceptors. Analysis by Hirshfeld fingerprint plots and 13 C and 19 F magic-angle spinning solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides additional insights into the prevalence of various short contacts in the crystal structures and into the spectral response to halogen-bond-induced cocrystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahée Côté
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Ovens
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Szell PMJ, Rehman Z, Tatman BP, Hughes LP, Blade H, Brown SP. Exploring the Potential of Multinuclear Solid-State 1 H, 13 C, and 35 Cl Magnetic Resonance To Characterize Static and Dynamic Disorder in Pharmaceutical Hydrochlorides. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200558. [PMID: 36195553 PMCID: PMC10099218 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Crystallographic disorder, whether static or dynamic, can be detrimental to the physical and chemical stability, ease of crystallization and dissolution rate of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Disorder can result in a loss of manufacturing control leading to batch-to-batch variability and can lengthen the process of structural characterization. The range of NMR active nuclei makes solid-state NMR a unique technique for gaining nucleus-specific information about crystallographic disorder. Here, we explore the use of high-field 35 Cl solid-state NMR at 23.5 T to characterize both static and dynamic crystallographic disorder: specifically, dynamic disorder occurring in duloxetine hydrochloride (1), static disorder in promethazine hydrochloride (2), and trifluoperazine dihydrochloride (3). In all structures, the presence of crystallographic disorder was confirmed by 13 C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR and supported by GIPAW-DFT calculations, and in the case of 3, 1 H solid-state NMR provided additional confirmation. Applying 35 Cl solid-state NMR to these compounds, we show that higher magnetic fields are beneficial for resolving the crystallographic disorder in 1 and 3, while broad spectral features were observed in 2 even at higher fields. Combining the data obtained from 1 H, 13 C, and 35 Cl NMR, we show that 3 exhibits a unique case of disorder involving the + N-H hydrogen positions of the piperazinium ring, driving the chloride anions to occupy three distinct sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zainab Rehman
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ben P Tatman
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Leslie P Hughes
- Oral Product Development Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Helen Blade
- Oral Product Development Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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6
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Zheng DN, Szell PMJ, Khiri S, Ovens JS, Bryce DL. Solid-state multinuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray crystallographic investigation of the phosphorus...iodine halogen bond in a bis(dicyclohexylphenylphosphine)(1,6-diiodoperfluorohexane) cocrystal. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2022; 78:557-563. [PMID: 35702972 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520622004322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Halogen bonding to phosphorus atoms remains uncommon, with relatively few examples reported in the literature. Here, the preparation and investigation of the cocrystal bis(dicyclohexylphenylphosphine)(1,6-diiodoperfluorohexane) by X-ray crystallography and solid-state multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is described. The crystal structure features two crystallographically unique C-I...P halogen bonds [dI...P = 3.090 (5) Å, 3.264 (5) Å] and crystallographic disorder of one of the 1,6-diiodoperfluorohexane molecules. The first of these is the shortest and most linear I...P halogen bond reported to date. 13C, 19F, and 31P magic angle spinning solid-state NMR spectra are reported. A 31P chemical shift change of -7.0 p.p.m. in the cocrystal relative to pure dicyclohexylphenylphosphine, consistent with halogen bond formation, is noted. This work establishes iodoperfluoroalkanes as viable halogen bond donors when paired with phosphorus acceptors, and also shows that dicyclohexylphenylphosphine can act as a practical halogen bond acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ni Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Patrick M J Szell
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Safaa Khiri
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Ovens
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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7
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Abstract
It is well known that the presence of an electron-withdrawing substituent (EWS) placed near the halogen (X) atom on a Lewis acid molecule amplifies the ability of this unit to engage in a halogen bond with a base. Quantum calculations are applied to examine how quickly these effects fade as the EWS is moved further and further from the X atom. Conjugated alkene and alkyne chains of varying lengths with a terminal C-I first facilitate analysis as to how the number of these multiple bonds affects the strength of CI··N XB to NH3. Then, electron-withdrawing F and C≡N substituents are placed on the opposite end of the chain, and their effects on the XB properties are monitored as a function of their distance from I. These same EWSs are added to the ortho, meta, and para positions of aromatic iodobenzene. It is found that the XB grows in strength as more triple bonds are added to the alkyne, but there is little change caused by elongating an alkene. The cyano group has a much stronger effect than does F. While F strengthens the XB, its effects are quickly attenuated as it is moved further from I. The consequences of C≡N substitution are stronger and extend over a longer distance. Placement of an EWS on the phenyl ring diminishes with distance: o > m > p, and the effects of disubstitution are nearly additive. These trends apply not only to energetics but also to geometries, properties of the wave function, σ-hole depth, and NMR shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Lapp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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8
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Studies on hydrogen bonding of adrenaline/acetone and adrenaline/methanol complexes: computational and experimental approach. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-021-01773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Wysokiński R, Michalczyk M, Zierkiewicz W, Scheiner S. Anion-anion and anion-neutral triel bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4818-4828. [PMID: 33605957 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of a TrCl4- anion (Tr = Al, Ga, In, Tl) to engage in a triel bond with both a neutral NH3 and CN- anion is assessed by ab initio quantum calculations in both the gas phase and in aqueous medium. Despite the absence of a positive σ or π-hole on the Lewis acid, strong triel bonds can be formed with either base. The complexation involves an internal restructuring of the tetrahedral TrCl4- monomer into a trigonal bipyramid shape, where the base can occupy either an axial or equatorial position. Although this rearrangement requires a substantial investment of energy, it aids the complexation by imparting a much more positive MEP to the site that is to be occupied by the base. Complexation with the neutral base is exothermic in the gas phase and even more so in water where interaction energies can exceed 30 kcal mol-1. Despite the long-range coulombic repulsion between any pair of anions, CN- can also engage in a strong triel bond with TrCl4-. In the gas phase, complexation is endothermic, but dissociation of the metastable dimer is obstructed by an energy barrier. The situation is entirely different in solution, with large negative interaction energies of as much as -50 kcal mol-1. The complexation remains an exothermic process even after the large monomer deformation energy is factored in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Wysokiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA.
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10
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Marín-Luna M, Claramunt RM, López C, Pérez-Torralba M, Sanz D, Reviriego F, Alkorta I, Elguero J. A GIPAW versus GIAO-ZORA-SO study of 13C and 15N CPMAS NMR chemical shifts of aromatic and heterocyclic bromo derivatives. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2020; 108:101676. [PMID: 32640403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2020.101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical simulation of NMR parameters in compounds bearing heavy atoms generally requires the application of relativistic corrections. We report herein the theoretical characterization of 13C and 15N CPMAS NMR of known bromo-derivative crystals by using both the GIPAW and the combined GIAO-ZORA-SO approximation methods. Several statistical analyses were performed to compare both approaches, with non-relativistic GIPAW method being more useful to predict the 13C and 15N chemical shifts. The problem of applying GIPAW to crystal structures showing static or dynamic crystalline disorder of the special class resulting in half-protons will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marín-Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Claramunt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey, 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey, 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Torralba
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey, 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dionisia Sanz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey, 9, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Reviriego
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Hodgkinson P. NMR crystallography of molecular organics. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 118-119:10-53. [PMID: 32883448 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developments of NMR methodology to characterise the structures of molecular organic structures are reviewed, concentrating on the previous decade of research in which density functional theory-based calculations of NMR parameters in periodic solids have become widespread. With a focus on demonstrating the new structural insights provided, it is shown how "NMR crystallography" has been used in a spectrum of applications from resolving ambiguities in diffraction-derived structures (such as hydrogen atom positioning) to deriving complete structures in the absence of diffraction data. As well as comprehensively reviewing applications, the different aspects of the experimental and computational techniques used in NMR crystallography are surveyed. NMR crystallography is seen to be a rapidly maturing subject area that is increasingly appreciated by the wider crystallographic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hodgkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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12
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Wysokiński R, Zierkiewicz W, Michalczyk M, Scheiner S. Anion⋅⋅⋅Anion Attraction in Complexes of MCl
3
−
(M=Zn, Cd, Hg) with CN
−. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:1119-1125. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Wysokiński
- Faculty of ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUtah State University Logan Utah 84322-0300 USA
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13
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Xu Y, Szell PM, Kumar V, Bryce DL. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy for the analysis of element-based non-covalent interactions. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Zierkiewicz W, Wysokiński R, Michalczyk M, Scheiner S. On the Stability of Interactions between Pairs of Anions – Complexes of MCl
3
−
(M=Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) with Pyridine and CN
−. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:870-877. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Zierkiewicz
- Faculty of ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Rafał Wysokiński
- Faculty of ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Mariusz Michalczyk
- Faculty of ChemistryWrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUtah State University Logan Utah 84322-0300 United States
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15
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von der Heiden D, Vanderkooy A, Erdélyi M. Halogen bonding in solution: NMR spectroscopic approaches. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Medved' M, Iglesias-Reguant A, Reis H, Góra RW, Luis JM, Zaleśny R. Partitioning of interaction-induced nonlinear optical properties of molecular complexes. II. Halogen-bonded systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4225-4234. [PMID: 32043097 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Following our study on hydrogen-bonded (HB) complexes [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 19841], the physical nature of interaction-induced (non)linear optical properties of another important class of molecular complexes, namely halogen-bonded (XB) systems, was analyzed in this study. The excess electronic and nuclear relaxation (hyper)polarizabilities of nine representative XB complexes covering a wide range of halogen-bond strengths were computed. The partitioning of the excess properties into individual interaction-energy components (electrostatic, exchange, induction, dispersion) was performed by using the variational-perturbational energy decomposition scheme at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory and further supported by calculations with the SCS-MP2 method. In the case of the electronic interaction-induced properties, the physical composition of Δαel and Δγel was found to be very similar for the two types of bonding, despite the different nature of the binding. For Δβel, the XB complexes exhibit a more systematic interplay of interaction-energy contributions compared to the HB systems studied in the previous work. Our analysis revealed that the patterns of interaction-energy contributions to the interaction-induced nuclear-relaxation contributions to the linear polarizability and the first hyperpolarizability are very similar. For both properties the exchange repulsion term is canceled out by the electrostatic and delocalization terms. The physical composition of these contributions is analogous to those observed for the HB complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Medved'
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, SK-97400 Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic. and Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alex Iglesias-Reguant
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Heribert Reis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Vassileos Constantinou Ave 48th, 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Robert W Góra
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Josep M Luis
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Robert Zaleśny
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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17
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Rinald A, Wu G. A Modified Townes-Dailey Model for Interpretation and Visualization of Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling Tensors in Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1176-1186. [PMID: 31968940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a modified Townes-Dailey (TD) model to help interpret and visualize experimentally measurable nuclear quadrupole coupling tensors (thus the electric field gradient tensors) in molecules. We show that within the framework of the TD model each principal component of the nuclear quadrupole coupling tensor is directly related to a new quantity termed as the valence p-orbital population anisotropy (VPPA or ΔP) in the same direction. Although the proposed model is a simple reformulation of the original TD model thus does not introduce new physics, the concept of VPPA makes it possible to directly interpret as well as visualize in a much straightforward way the experimentally determined nuclear quadrupole coupling tensors in molecules. We illustrate the utilization of VPPA using nuclear quadrupole coupling tensors for 11B, 14N, 17O, 35Cl, 79Br, and 127I nuclei in a variety of molecules. We propose to use VPPA or ΔP ellipsoid representation as a means of visualizing/displaying nuclear quadrupole coupling tensors in the molecular frame. We show the usefulness of the VPPA concept in providing a unifying explanation for seemingly different types of molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, and frustrated Lewis pairs. We further suggest that VPPA can be used as a universal measure of the ability of any element in the entire p-block of the periodic table (groups 13-16) to interact with nucleophiles (e.g., formation of chalcogen, pnictogen, tetrel, and triel bonds).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rinald
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario , Canada K7L 3N6
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18
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Kumar V, Xu Y, Bryce DL. Double Chalcogen Bonds: Crystal Engineering Stratagems via Diffraction and Multinuclear Solid-State Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2020; 26:3275-3286. [PMID: 31794082 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Group 16 chalcogens potentially provide Lewis-acidic σ-holes, which are able to form attractive supramolecular interactions with electron rich partners through chalcogen bonds. Here, a multifaceted experimental and computational study of a large series of novel chalcogen-bonded cocrystals, prepared using the principles of crystal engineering, is presented. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that dicyanoselenadiazole and dicyanotelluradiazole derivatives work as promising supramolecular synthons with the ability to form double chalcogen bonds with a wide range of electron donors including halides and oxygen- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Extensive 77 Se and 125 Te solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic investigations of cocrystals establish correlations between the NMR parameters of selenium and tellurium and the local chalcogen bonding geometry. The relationships between the electronic environment of the chalcogen bond and the 77 Se and 125 Te chemical shift tensors were elucidated through a natural localized molecular orbital density functional theory analysis. This systematic study of chalcogen-bond-based crystal engineering lays the foundations for the preparation of the various multicomponent systems and establishes solid-state NMR protocols to detect these interactions in powdered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijith Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Yijue Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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19
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Kumar V, Xu Y, Leroy C, Bryce DL. Direct investigation of chalcogen bonds by multinuclear solid-state magnetic resonance and vibrational spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3817-3824. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06267j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a multifaceted experimental and computational study of three self-complementary chalcogen-bond donors as well as a series of seven chalcogen bonded cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijith Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- 10 Marie Curie Private
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Yijue Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- 10 Marie Curie Private
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - César Leroy
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- 10 Marie Curie Private
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- 10 Marie Curie Private
- Ottawa
- Canada
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20
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Fotović L, Stilinović V. Halogenide anions as halogen and hydrogen bond acceptors in iodopyridinium halogenides. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00534g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structures of iodopyridinium halogenides have demonstrated why iodide, the weakest halogen bond acceptor among the halogenides, preferentially forms halogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Fotović
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10002 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Vladimir Stilinović
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Zagreb
- HR-10002 Zagreb
- Croatia
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21
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Morin VM, Szell PMJ, Caron‐Poulin E, Gabidullin B, Bryce DL. Mechanochemical Preparations of Anion Coordinated Architectures Based on 3-Iodoethynylpyridine and 3-Iodoethynylbenzoic Acid. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1328-1336. [PMID: 31692837 PMCID: PMC6826240 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The halogen bond has previously been explored as a versatile tool in crystal engineering and anion coordination chemistry, with mechanochemical synthetic techniques having been shown to provide convenient routes towards cocrystals. In an effort to expand our knowledge on the role of halogen bonding in anion coordination, here we explore a series of cocrystals formed between 3-iodoethynylpyridine and 3-iodoethynylbenzoic acid with halide salts. In total, we report the single-crystal X-ray structures of six new cocrystals prepared by mechanochemical ball milling, with all structures exhibiting C≡C-I⋅⋅⋅X- (X=Cl, Br) halogen bonds. Whereas cocrystals featuring a pyridine group favoured the formation of discrete entities, cocrystals featuring a benzoic acid group yielded an alternation of halogen and hydrogen bonds. The compounds studied herein were further characterized by 13C and 31P solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, with the chemical shifts offering a clear and convenient method of identifying the occurrence of halogen bonding, using the crude product obtained directly from the mechanochemical ball milling. Whereas the 31P chemical shifts were quickly able to identify the occurrence of cocrystallization, 13C solid-state NMR was diagnostic of both the occurrence of halogen bonding and of hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M. Morin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa10 Marie Curie Private OttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada
| | - Patrick M. J. Szell
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa10 Marie Curie Private OttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada
| | - Estelle Caron‐Poulin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa10 Marie Curie Private OttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada
| | - Bulat Gabidullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa10 Marie Curie Private OttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada
| | - David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Ottawa10 Marie Curie Private OttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada
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22
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Kashina MV, Kinzhalov MA, Smirnov AS, Ivanov DM, Novikov AS, Kukushkin VY. Dihalomethanes as Bent Bifunctional XB/XB-Donating Building Blocks for Construction of Metal-involving Halogen Bonded Hexagons. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3915-3920. [PMID: 31550070 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The dihalomethanes CH2 X2 (X=Cl, Br, I) were co-crystallized with the isocyanide complexes trans-[MXM 2 (CNC6 H4 -4-XC )2 ] (M=Pd, Pt; XM =Br, I; XC =F, Cl, Br) to give an extended series comprising 15 X-ray structures of isostructural adducts featuring 1D metal-involving hexagon-like arrays. In these structures, CH2 X2 behave as bent bifunctional XB/XB-donating building blocks, whereas trans-[MXM 2 (CNC6 H4 -4-XC )2 ] act as a linear XB/XB acceptors. Results of DFT calculations indicate that all XCH2 -X⋅⋅⋅XM -M contacts are typical noncovalent interactions with estimated strengths in the range of 1.3-3.2 kcal mol-1 . A CCDC search reveals that hexagon-like arrays are rather common but previously overlooked structural motives for adducts of trans-bis(halide) complexes and halomethanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Kashina
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Kinzhalov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey S Smirnov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Daniil M Ivanov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Novikov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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23
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Banerjee A, Dey A, Chandrakumar N. Motional Dynamics of Halogen-Bonded Complexes Probed by Low-Field NMR Relaxometry and Overhauser Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:2785-2789. [PMID: 31210020 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Halogen bonding is a subject of considerable interest owing to wide-ranging chemical, materials and biological applications. The motional dynamics of halogen-bonded complexes play a pivotal role in comprehending the nature of the halogen-bonding interaction. However, not many attempts appear to have been made to shed light on the dynamical characteristics of halogen-bonded species. For the first time, we demonstrate here that the combination of low-field NMR relaxometry and Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (ODNP) makes it possible to obtain a cogent picture of the motional dynamics of halogen-bonded species. We discuss here the advantages of this combined approach. Low-field relaxometry allows us to infer the hydrodynamic radius and rotational correlation time, whereas ODNP probes the molecular translational correlation times (involving the substrate as well as the organic radical) with high sensitivity at low field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Banerjee
- MRI-MRS Centre and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arnab Dey
- MRI-MRS Centre and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Chandrakumar
- MRI-MRS Centre and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Szell PMJ, Grébert L, Bryce DL. Rapid Identification of Halogen Bonds in Co-Crystalline Powders via 127 I Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13479-13485. [PMID: 31339619 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
127 I nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy is established as a rapid and robust method to indicate the formation of iodine-nitrogen halogen bonds in co-crystalline powders. Once the relevant spectral frequency range has been established, diagnostic 127 I NQR spectra can be acquired in seconds. The method is demonstrated for a series of co-crystals of 1,4-diiodobenzene. Changes in the 127 I quadrupolar coupling constant (CQ ) by up to 74.4 MHz correlate with the length of the C-I donor covalent bond and inversely with the I⋅⋅⋅N halogen-bond length. The predictive power of this technique is validated on two previously unknown co-crystalline powders prepared mechanochemically. Single-crystal growth via co-sublimation and structure determination by single-crystal X-ray diffraction cross-validates the findings. Natural localized molecular-orbital analyses provide insight into the origins of the quadrupolar coupling constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M J Szell
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Lorraine Grébert
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
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25
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Szell PMJ, Grébert L, Bryce DL. Rapid Identification of Halogen Bonds in Co‐Crystalline Powders via
127
I Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. J. Szell
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Private Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Lorraine Grébert
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Private Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Catalysis Research and InnovationUniversity of Ottawa 10 Marie Curie Private Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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26
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Lu J, Scheiner S. Effects of Halogen, Chalcogen, Pnicogen, and Tetrel Bonds on IR and NMR Spectra. Molecules 2019; 24:E2822. [PMID: 31382402 PMCID: PMC6696224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexes were formed pairing FX, FHY, FH2Z, and FH3T (X = Cl, Br, I; Y = S, Se, Te; Z = P, As, Sb; T = Si, Ge, Sn) with NH3 in order to form an A⋯N noncovalent bond, where A refers to the central atom. Geometries, energetics, atomic charges, and spectroscopic characteristics of these complexes were evaluated via DFT calculations. In all cases, the A-F bond, which is located opposite the base and is responsible for the σ-hole on the A atom, elongates and its stretching frequency undergoes a shift to the red. This shift varies from 42 to 175 cm-1 and is largest for the halogen bonds, followed by chalcogen, tetrel, and then pnicogen. The shift also decreases as the central A atom is enlarged. The NMR chemical shielding of the A atom is increased while that of the F and electron donor N atom are lowered. Unlike the IR frequency shifts, it is the third-row A atoms that undergo the largest change in NMR shielding. The change in shielding of A is highly variable, ranging from negligible for FSnH3 all the way up to 1675 ppm for FBr, while those of the F atom lie in the 55-422 ppm range. Although smaller in magnitude, the changes in the N shielding are still easily detectable, between 7 and 27 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
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27
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Xu Y, Gabidullin B, Bryce DL. Single-Crystal NMR Characterization of Halogen Bonds. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6194-6209. [PMID: 31294556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen-17-enriched triphenylphosphine oxide and three of its halogen-bonded cocrystals featuring 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene and 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene as halogen bond donors have been characterized by 31P and 17O single-crystal NMR spectroscopy. Single-crystal NMR allows for the measurement of not only the magnitudes of various NMR interaction tensors, but also their orientations relative to the crystal lattice and therefore relative to the halogen bonds themselves. 31P chemical shift tensors, 17O chemical shift tensors, 17O quadrupolar coupling tensors, and 31P-17O indirect nuclear spin-spin (J) coupling tensors are reported here for P═O···I halogen bonds. The angular deviations in the directions of the pseudo-unique components of the 31P chemical shift tensors, the 17O chemical shift tensors, and the 17O quadrupolar coupling tensors from the direction of the oxygen-iodine halogen bond correlate with the deviations in linearity of the P═O···I halogen bond. There is also a clear decrease in anisotropy and an increase in asymmetry of the J(31P,17O) coupling tensors attributable to the formation of iodine-oxygen halogen bonds. The small but quantifiable changes in the tensors are consistent with the weak nature of these halogen bonds relative to the P═O motif. Overall, this work establishes single-crystal NMR as a novel probe of halogen bonds in solids. Analysis of the results has provided insights into the correlations between the magnitude and orientation of various NMR interaction tensors and the local geometry of the halogen bond. Gauge-including projector-augmented wave computations corroborate the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijue Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie Private , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - Bulat Gabidullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie Private , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences , University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie Private , Ottawa , Ontario K1N 6N5 , Canada
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28
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Bryce DL. New frontiers for solid-state NMR across the periodic table: a snapshot of modern techniques and instrumentation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8014-8020. [PMID: 31184347 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01801h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Selected highlights of the recent literature on solid-state NMR of some of the lesser studied nuclei are provided. The roles of ultrahigh magnetic fields, radiofrequency pulse sequences, dynamic nuclear polarization, isotopic enrichment, and nuclear quadrupole resonance in opening up the periodic table to in-depth study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaK1N6N5.
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