1
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Shan JR, Yan H, Hao EJ, Shi L. Titanium catalyzed [2σ + 2π] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]-butanes with 1,3-dienes for efficient synthesis of stilbene bioisosteres. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4374. [PMID: 38782978 PMCID: PMC11116475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural stilbenes have shown significant potential in the prevention and treatment of diseases due to their diverse pharmacological activities. Here we present a mild and effective Ti-catalyzed intermolecular radical-relay [2σ + 2π] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]-butanes and 1,3-dienes. This transformation enables the synthesis of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane (BCH) scaffolds containing aryl vinyl groups with excellent regio- and trans-selectivity and broad functional group tolerance, thus offering rapid access to structurally diverse stilbene bioisosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Liu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Zhixian Wu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Jing-Ran Shan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Huaipu Yan
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Er-Jun Hao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China.
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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2
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Yang L, Wang H, Lang M, Wang J, Peng S. B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed Formal ( n + 3) ( n = 5 and 6) Cycloaddition of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes to Medium Bicyclo[ n.1.1]alkanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:4104-4110. [PMID: 38700913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a B(C6F5)3-catalyzed formal (n + 3) (n = 5 and 6) cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) with imidazolidines/hexahydropyrimidines is described. The reaction provides a modular, atom-economical, and efficient strategy to two libraries of synthetically challenging medium-bridged rings, 2,5-diazabicyclo[5.1.1]nonanes and 2,6-diazabicyclo[6.1.1]decanes, in moderate to excellent yields. This reaction also features simple operation, mild reaction conditions, and broad substrate scope. A scale-up experiment and various synthetic transformations of products further highlight the synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyong Peng
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
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3
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Levterov VV, Panasiuk Y, Shablykin O, Stashkevych O, Sahun K, Rassokhin A, Sadkova I, Lesyk D, Anisiforova A, Holota Y, Borysko P, Bodenchuk I, Voloshchuk NM, Mykhailiuk PK. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes: Synthesis, Properties, and Validation as Bioisosteres of ortho- and meta-Benzenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319831. [PMID: 38465464 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
We have developed a general and practical approach towards 2-oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes with two and three exit vectors via an iodocyclization reaction. The obtained compounds have been easily converted into the corresponding building blocks for use in medicinal chemistry. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes have been incorporated into the structure of five drugs and three agrochemicals, and validated biologically as bioisosteres of ortho- and meta-benzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar Str. 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Stashkevych
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Chemistry Department, Volodymyrska Str. 64, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Sahun
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Artur Rassokhin
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Sadkova
- Enamine Ltd, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Lesyk
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Yuliia Holota
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Petro Borysko
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Nataliya M Voloshchuk
- National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, V. F. Peresypkin Department of Phytopathology, Heroyiv Oborony Str. 15, 03041, Kyiv, Ukraine
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4
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Kraemer Y, Buldt JA, Kong WY, Stephens AM, Ragan AN, Park S, Haidar ZC, Patel AH, Shey R, Dagan R, McLoughlin CP, Fettinger JC, Tantillo DJ, Pitts CR. Overcoming a Radical Polarity Mismatch in Strain-Release Pentafluorosulfanylation of [1.1.0]Bicyclobutanes: An Entryway to Sulfone- and Carbonyl-Containing SF 5-Cyclobutanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319930. [PMID: 38237059 PMCID: PMC11045327 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The first assortment of achiral pentafluorosulfanylated cyclobutanes (SF5-CBs) are now synthetically accessible through strain-release functionalization of [1.1.0]bicyclobutanes (BCBs) using SF5Cl. Methods for both chloropentafluorosulfanylation and hydropentafluorosulfanylation of sulfone-based BCBs are detailed herein, as well as proof-of-concept that the logic extends to tetrafluoro(aryl)sulfanylation, tetrafluoro(trifluoromethyl)sulfanylation, and three-component pentafluorosulfanylation reactions. The methods presented enable isolation of both syn and anti isomers of SF5-CBs, but we also demonstrate that this innate selectivity can be overridden in chloropentafluorosulfanylation; that is, an anti-stereoselective variant of SF5Cl addition across sulfone-based BCBs can be achieved by using inexpensive copper salt additives. Considering the SF5 group and CBs have been employed individually as nonclassical bioisosteres, structural aspects of these unique SF5-CB "hybrid isosteres" were then contextualized using SC-XRD. From a mechanistic standpoint, chloropentafluorosulfanylation ostensibly proceeds through a curious polarity mismatch addition of electrophilic SF5 radicals to the electrophilic sites of the BCBs. Upon examining carbonyl-containing BCBs, we also observed rare instances whereby radical addition to the 1-position of a BCB occurs. The nature of the key C(sp3)-SF5 bond formation step - among other mechanistic features of the methods we disclose - was investigated experimentally and with DFT calculations. Lastly, we demonstrate compatibility of SF5-CBs with various downstream functionalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Kraemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jón Atiba Buldt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wang-Yeuk Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander M Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Abbey N Ragan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Soojun Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zane C Haidar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ansh Hiten Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rachel Shey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roee Dagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Connor P McLoughlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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5
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León Rojas AF, Chong YY, Kyne SH, Xia B, Chan PWH. Enantioselective and Regiodivergent Gold and Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Cycloisomerization/Diels-Alder Reaction of 1,10-Dien-4-yn-3-yl Acetates: Synthesis of Norbornene-Embedded Tricarbocycles. Org Lett 2024; 26:3037-3042. [PMID: 38557076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A synthetic method for the enantioselective and regiodivergent synthesis of hexahydro-2H-2,4a-methanonaphthalen-4-yl and octahydro-2,4-methanoazulen-1-yl esters that relies on the gold(I)- and chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed cycloisomerization/Diels-Alder (CDA) reaction of (E)-1,10-dien-4-yn-3-yl acetates is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying Yan Chong
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sara Helen Kyne
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Bo Xia
- Department of the Biological Environment, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Philip Wai Hong Chan
- Department of the Biological Environment, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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6
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Zhang Z, Li X, Song Q, Li Y, Tian X, Ali S, Yao Y, Li P, Wang Z, Zheng H. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Chuanxiongnolide L1 via a Stereoselective Oxidative Dearomatization/Diels-Alder Strategy. Org Lett 2024; 26:2928-2933. [PMID: 38551465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis of chuanxiongnolide L1 was achieved in 16 steps and 1.9% overall yield by employing a bioinspired chiral auxiliary strategy. The key steps involving asymmetric oxidative dearomatization of chiral amino ether and subsequent asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction of the resulting masked chiral ortho-benzoquinone were adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiuhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qingyan Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuerong Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiqing Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhengshen Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huaiji Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, China
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7
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Pattison G. Assessing the rigidity of cubanes and bicyclo(1.1.1)pentanes as benzene bioisosteres. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 102:117652. [PMID: 38442523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic rings are critical core substructures in the majority of pharmaceutical compounds. There is much recent interest in replacing aromatic structures with saturated bioisosteres of benzene, which are generally fused or bridged ring systems. These bioisosteres often show improved solubility properties compared to benzene, and may also undergo fewer unwanted metabolic processes. One key reason why aromatic rings have proven so successful in drug design is their rigidity. This paper uses molecular dynamics simulations supported by crystallographic data to assess the rigidity of bicyclopentane and cubane ring systems as two of the most common benzene bioisosteres and compares this to benzene. Whilst a benzene ring is shown to be more flexible than these two bioisosteres in terms of its dihedral ring flexibility, substituents around the ring tend to behave in a much more similar way in both benzene and the bioisosteric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pattison
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, UK LN6 7DL.
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8
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Prysiazhniuk K, Datsenko OP, Polishchuk O, Shulha S, Shablykin O, Nikandrova Y, Horbatok K, Bodenchuk I, Borysko P, Shepilov D, Pishel I, Kubyshkin V, Mykhailiuk PK. Spiro[3.3]heptane as a Saturated Benzene Bioisostere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316557. [PMID: 38251921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The spiro[3.3]heptane core, with the non-coplanar exit vectors, was shown to be a saturated benzene bioisostere. This scaffold was incorporated into the anticancer drug sonidegib (instead of the meta-benzene), the anticancer drug vorinostat (instead of the phenyl ring), and the anesthetic drug benzocaine (instead of the para-benzene). The patent-free saturated analogs obtained showed a high potency in the corresponding biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Petro Borysko
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Iryna Pishel
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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9
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Wang C, Liu X, Wang Q, Fang WH, Chen X. Unveiling Mechanistic Insights and Photocatalytic Advancements in Intramolecular Photo-(3 + 2)-Cycloaddition: A Comparative Assessment of Two Paradigmatic Single-Electron-Transfer Models. JACS AU 2024; 4:419-431. [PMID: 38425917 PMCID: PMC10900211 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1-aminonorbornane (1-aminoNB), a potential aniline bioisostere, through photochemistry or photoredox catalysis signifies a remarkable breakthrough with implications in organic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, and sustainable chemistry. However, an understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in these reactions remains limited and ambiguous. Herein, we employ high-precision CASPT2//CASSCF calculations to elucidate the intricate mechanisms regulating the intramolecular photo-(3 + 2)-cycloaddition reactions for the synthesis of 1-aminoNB in the presence or absence of the Ir-complex-based photocatalyst. Our investigations delve into radical cascades, stereoselectivity, particularly single-electron-transfer (SET) events, etc. Furthermore, we innovatively introduce and compare two SET models integrating Marcus electron-transfer theory and transition-state theory. These models combined with kinetic data contribute to recognizing the critical control factors in diverse photocatalysis, thereby guiding the design and manipulation of photoredox catalysis as well as the improvement and modification of photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Sperga A, Veliks J. Recent Advances in Monofluorinated Carbenes, Carbenoids, Ylides, and Related Species. Chemistry 2023:e202301851. [PMID: 37902650 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of monofluorinated compounds is of great interest because of the vast applications of organofluorine compounds. Recently, the introduction of monofluorocarbene synthons has emerged as an important strategy for the synthesis of fluorine-containing products. In contrast to direct fluorination, in which C-F bonds are formed, the use of monofluorinated carbenes and related reactive species involves C-C or C-X bond formation while delivering valuable fluorine atoms into the target structure. Owing to increased knowledge on carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formations, monofluorinated carbenes have enormous potential for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds, which, in our opinion, has not yet been fully exploited. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthetic applications of monofluorinated carbenes, carbenoids, ylides, and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturs Sperga
- Latvian Institute of OrganicSynthesis, Aizkrauklesiela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Veliks
- Latvian Institute of OrganicSynthesis, Aizkrauklesiela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
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11
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Levterov VV, Panasiuk Y, Sahun K, Stashkevych O, Badlo V, Shablykin O, Sadkova I, Bortnichuk L, Klymenko-Ulianov O, Holota Y, Lachmann L, Borysko P, Horbatok K, Bodenchuk I, Bas Y, Dudenko D, Mykhailiuk PK. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane as a new bioisostere of the phenyl ring. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5608. [PMID: 37783681 PMCID: PMC10545790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenyl ring is a basic structural element in chemistry. Here, we show the design, synthesis, and validation of its new saturated bioisostere with improved physicochemical properties - 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. The design of the structure is based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the previously used bioisosteres: bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and cubane. The key synthesis step is the iodocyclization of cyclohexane-containing alkenyl alcohols with molecular iodine in acetonitrile. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane core is incorporated into the structure of Imatinib and Vorinostat (SAHA) drugs instead of the phenyl ring. In Imatinib, such replacement leads to improvement of physicochemical properties: increased water solubility, enhanced metabolic stability, and reduced lipophilicity. In Vorinostat, such replacement results in a new bioactive analog of the drug. This study enhances the repertoire of available saturated bioisosteres of (hetero)aromatic rings for the use in drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kateryna Sahun
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Valentyn Badlo
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- V. P. Kukhar IBOPC of the NASciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar Str. 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Sadkova
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lina Bortnichuk
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Yuliia Holota
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Petro Borysko
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Iryna Bodenchuk
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuliia Bas
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Chemistry Department, Volodymyrska 64, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Dudenko
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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12
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Abstract
The concept of strain in organic compounds is as old as modern organic chemistry and was initially introduced to justify the synthetic setbacks along the synthesis of small ring systems (pars construens of strain). In the last decades, chemists have developed an arsenal of strain-release reactions (pars destruens of strain) which can generate─with significant driving force─rigid aliphatic systems that can act as three-dimensional alternatives to (hetero)arenes. Photocatalysis added an additional dimension to strain-release processes by leveraging the energy of photons to create chemical complexity under mild conditions. This perspective presents the latest advancements in strain-release photocatalysis─with emphases on mechanisms, catalytic cycles, and current limitations─the unique chemical architectures that can be produced, and possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10021, New York United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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13
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Reinhold M, Steinebach J, Golz C, Walker JCL. Synthesis of polysubstituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes enabling access to new chemical space. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9885-9891. [PMID: 37736652 PMCID: PMC10510755 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03083k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Saturated bridged-bicyclic compounds are currently under intense investigation as building blocks for pharmaceutical drug design. However, the most common methods for their preparation only provide access to bridgehead-substituted structures. The synthesis of bridge-functionalised species is highly challenging but would open up many new opportunities for molecular design. We describe a photocatalytic cycloaddition reaction that provides unified access to bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes with 11 distinct substitution patterns. Bridge-substituted structures that represent ortho-, meta-, and polysubstituted benzene bioisosteres, as well as those that enable the investigation of chemical space inaccessible to aromatic motifs can all be prepared using this operationally simple protocol. Proof-of-concept examples of the application of the method to the synthesis of saturated analogues of biorelevant trisubstituted benzenes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Reinhold
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Justin Steinebach
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Johannes C L Walker
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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14
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Smith E, Jones KD, O'Brien L, Argent SP, Salome C, Lefebvre Q, Valery A, Böcü M, Newton GN, Lam HW. Silver(I)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Cuneanes from Cubanes and their Investigation as Isosteres. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37478562 PMCID: PMC10401713 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Bridged or caged polycyclic hydrocarbons have rigid structures that project substituents into precise regions of 3D space, making them attractive as linking groups in materials science and as building blocks for medicinal chemistry. The efficient synthesis of new or underexplored classes of such compounds is, therefore, an important objective. Herein, we describe the silver(I)-catalyzed rearrangement of 1,4-disubstituted cubanes to cuneanes, which are strained hydrocarbons that have not received much attention since they were first described in 1970. The synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted or 1,3-disubstituted cuneanes can be achieved with high regioselectivities, with the regioselectivity being dependent on the electronic character of the cubane substituents. A preliminary assessment of cuneanes as scaffolds for medicinal chemistry suggests cuneanes could serve as isosteric replacements of trans-1,4-disubstituted cyclohexanes and 1,3-disubstituted benzenes. An analogue of the anticancer drug sonidegib was synthesized, in which the 1,2,3-trisubstituted benzene was replaced with a 1,3-disubstituted cuneane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Smith
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran D Jones
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Luke O'Brien
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Mina Böcü
- SpiroChem AG, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Graham N Newton
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Hon Wai Lam
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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15
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Demakov PA. Properties of Aliphatic Ligand-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2891. [PMID: 37447535 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ligands with a purely aliphatic backbone are receiving rising attention in the chemistry of coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks. Such unique features inherent to the aliphatic bridges as increased conformational freedom, non-polarizable core, and low light absorption provide rare and valuable properties for their derived MOFs. Applications of such compounds in stimuli-responsive materials, gas, and vapor adsorbents with high and unusual selectivity, light-emitting, and optical materials have extensively emerged in recent years. These properties, as well as other specific features of aliphatic-based metal-organic frameworks are summarized and analyzed in this short critical review. Advanced characterization techniques, which have been applied in the reported works to obtain important data on the crystal and molecular structures, dynamics, and functionalities, are also reviewed within a general discussion. In total, 132 references are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Demakov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Akad. Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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16
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Shire B, Anderson EA. Conquering the Synthesis and Functionalization of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. JACS AU 2023; 3:1539-1553. [PMID: 37388694 PMCID: PMC10301682 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have become established as attractive bioisosteres for para-substituted benzene rings in drug design. Conferring various beneficial properties compared with their aromatic "parents," BCPs featuring a wide array of bridgehead substituents can now be accessed by an equivalent variety of methods. In this perspective, we discuss the evolution of this field and focus on the most enabling and general methods for BCPs synthesis, considering both scope and limitation. Recent breakthroughs on the synthesis of bridge-substituted BCPs are described, as well as methodologies for postsynthesis functionalization. We further explore new challenges and directions for the field, such as the emergence of other rigid small ring hydrocarbons and heterocycles possessing unique substituent exit vectors.
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17
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Denisenko A, Garbuz P, Voloshchuk NM, Holota Y, Al-Maali G, Borysko P, Mykhailiuk PK. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes as saturated bioisosteres of the ortho-substituted phenyl ring. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01222-0. [PMID: 37277469 PMCID: PMC10396955 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ortho-substituted phenyl ring is a basic structural element in chemistry. It is found in more than three hundred drugs and agrochemicals. During the past decade, scientists have tried to replace the phenyl ring in bioactive compounds with saturated bioisosteres to obtain novel patentable structures. However, most of the research in this area has been devoted to the replacement of the para-substituted phenyl ring. Here we have developed saturated bioisosteres of the ortho-substituted phenyl ring with improved physicochemical properties: 2-oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Crystallographic analysis revealed that these structures and the ortho-substituted phenyl ring indeed have similar geometric properties. Replacement of the phenyl ring in marketed agrochemicals fluxapyroxad (BASF) and boscalid (BASF) with 2-oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes dramatically improved their water solubility, reduced lipophilicity and most importantly retained bioactivity. This work suggests an opportunity for chemists to replace the ortho-substituted phenyl ring in bioactive compounds with saturated bioisosteres in medicinal chemistry and agrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Galeb Al-Maali
- Bienta, Kyiv, Ukraine
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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18
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Xu W, Zheng Z, Bao G, Wang Y, Gao Y, Zhu H, Xu G, Zhu Y, Yu C, Jiang X. Photocatalytic Three-Component Synthesis of 3-Heteroarylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-acetates. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37235701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a visible-light-induced three-component reaction involving [1.1.1]propellane, diazoates, and various heterocycles for the synthesis of 3-heteroarylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-acetates. Throughout this reaction, the radicals generated from diazoate species react with [1.1.1]propellane in an addition reaction to form bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) radicals that subsequently react with heterocycles, leading to the formation of 1,3-disubstituted BCP acetates. Notably, this methodology exhibits excellent functional group compatibility, high atom economy, and mild reaction conditions, thus facilitating suitable synthetic access to 1,3-disubstituted BCP acetates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zicong Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Guoxiang Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Hui Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Gongcheng Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
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19
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Levitre G, Keess S, Molander GA. Photoinduced Diastereoselective Aminoalkylation of Cubanes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37216214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of rigid, nonconjugated hydrocarbons provide many opportunities to design molecular building blocks for a variety of applications, but the development of suitable conditions for alkylation of cubanes is quite challenging. Herein, a photoinduced method for aminoalkylation of cubanes is reported. The benign conditions reported allow the incorporation of a wide variety of (hetero)arylimine reaction partners with broad functional group tolerance and high diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Levitre
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Ludwigshafen 67061, Germany
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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20
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Jung M, Muir JE, Lindsay VNG. Expedient synthesis of spiro[3.3]heptan-1-ones via strain-relocating semipinacol rearrangements. Tetrahedron 2023; 134:133296. [PMID: 36937489 PMCID: PMC10019042 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the formation of the highly strained spiro[3.3]heptan-1-one motif was developed through the reaction of 1-sulfonylcyclopropanols and lithiated 1-sulfonylbicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Following initial nucleophilic addition to the cyclopropanone formed in situ, the resulting 1-bicyclobutylcyclopropanol intermediate is prone to a 'strain-relocating' semipinacol rearrangement in the presence of acid, directly affording the substituted spiro[3.3]heptan-1-one. The process is shown to be fully regio- and stereospecific when starting from a substituted cyclopropanone equivalent, leading to optically active 3-substituted spiro[3.3]heptan-1-ones. The reaction likely proceeds via initial protonation of the bicyclobutyl moiety followed by [1,2]-rearrangement of the resulting cyclopropylcarbinyl cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunggi Jung
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Joanna E Muir
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N G Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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21
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Cheng XY, Feng QK, Dang ZM, Du FS, Li ZC. Alternating [1.1.1]Propellane-(Meth)Acrylate Copolymers: A New Class of Dielectrics with High Energy Density for Film Capacitors. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200888. [PMID: 36583944 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polymer dielectrics with high energy density are of urgent demand in electric and electronic devices, but the tradeoff between dielectric constant and breakdown strength is still unsolved. Herein, the synthesis and molar mass control of three alternating [1.1.1]propellane-(meth)acrylate copolymers, denoted as P-MA, P-MMA, and P-EA, respectively, are reported. These copolymers exhibit high thermal stability and are semi-crystalline with varied glass transition temperatures and melting temperatures. The rigid bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane units in the polymer backbone promote the orientational polarization of the polar ester groups, thus enhancing the dielectric constants of these polymers, which are 4.50 for P-EA, 4.55 for P-MA, and 5.11 for P-MMA at 10 Hz and room temperature, respectively. Moreover, the high breakdown strength is ensured by the non-conjugated nature of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane unit. As a result, these copolymers show extraordinary energy storage performance; P-MA exhibits a discharge energy density of 9.73 J cm-3 at 750 MV m-1 and ambient temperature. This work provides a new type of promising candidates as polymer dielectrics for film capacitors, and offers an efficient strategy to improve the dielectric and energy storage properties by introducing rigid non-conjugated bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane unit into the polymer backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yue Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polym. Chem. & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qi-Kun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polym. Chem. & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zi-Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polym. Chem. & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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22
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Agasti S, Beltran F, Pye E, Kaltsoyannis N, Crisenza GEM, Procter DJ. A catalytic alkene insertion approach to bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane bioisosteres. Nat Chem 2023; 15:535-541. [PMID: 36781910 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
C(sp3)-rich bicyclic hydrocarbon scaffolds, as exemplified by bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes, play an increasingly high-profile role as saturated bioisosteres of benzenoids in medicinal chemistry and crop science. Substituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) are emerging bicyclic hydrocarbon bioisosteres for ortho- and meta-substituted benzenes, but are difficult to access. Therefore, a general synthetic route to BCHs is needed if their potential as bioisosteres is to be realized. Here we describe a broadly applicable catalytic approach that delivers substituted BCHs by intermolecular coupling between olefins and bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl (BCB) ketones. The SmI2-catalysed process works for a wide range of electron-deficient alkenes and substituted BCB ketones, operates with SmI2 loadings as low as 5 mol% and is underpinned by a radical relay mechanism that is supported by density functional theory calculations. The product BCH ketones have been shown to be versatile synthetic intermediates through selective downstream manipulation and the expedient synthesis of a saturated hydrocarbon analogue of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial, phthalylsulfathiazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Agasti
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Frédéric Beltran
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma Pye
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - David J Procter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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23
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Garry OL, Heilmann M, Chen J, Liang Y, Zhang X, Ma X, Yeung CS, Bennett DJ, MacMillan DWC. Rapid Access to 2-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3092-3100. [PMID: 36696089 PMCID: PMC10680143 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of aryl rings with saturated carbocyclic structures has garnered significant interest in drug discovery due to the potential for improved pharmacokinetic properties upon substitution. In particular, 1,3-difunctionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have been widely adopted as bioisosteres for parasubstituted arene rings, appearing in a number of lead pharmaceutical candidates. However, despite the pharmaceutical value of 2-substituted BCPs as replacements for ortho- or meta-substituted arene rings, general and rapid syntheses of these scaffolds remain elusive. Current approaches to 2-substituted BCPs rely on installation of the bridge substituent prior to BCP core construction, leading to lengthy step counts and often nonmodular sequences. While challenging, direct functionalization of the strong bridge BCP C-H bonds would offer a more streamlined pathway to diverse 2-substituted BCPs. Here, we report a generalizable synthetic linchpin strategy for bridge functionalization via radical C-H abstraction of the BCP core. Through mild generation of a strong hydrogen atom abstractor, we rapidly synthesize novel 2-substituted BCP synthetic linchpins in one pot. These synthetic linchpins then serve as common precursors to complex 2-substituted BCPs, allowing one-step access to a number of previously inaccessible electrophile and nucleophile fragments at the 2-position via two new metallaphotoredox protocols. Altogether, this platform enables the expedient synthesis of four pharmaceutical analogues, all of which show similar or improved properties compared to their aryl-containing equivalents, demonstrating the potential of these 2-substituted BCPs in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Garry
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Michael Heilmann
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jingjia Chen
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yufan Liang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Charles S Yeung
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David Jonathan Bennett
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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24
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Ma X, Jiang Y. Synthesis of gem-Diboromethyl-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes and Their Application in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross Couplings. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1665-1694. [PMID: 36695785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe the first general transition-metal-free synthesis of gem-diboromethyl-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) and other related C(sp3)-rich carbocyclic benzene bioisosteres from their corresponding p-tosylhydrazones. These novel functionalized benzene bioisosteres demonstrated unique reactivities toward palladium-catalyzed C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross couplings. The overall transformation can be applied to relatively complex substrates with potential utility in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc. 33 Ave. Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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25
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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26
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Vujcic B, Wyllie J, Tania, Burns J, White KF, Cromwell S, Lupton DW, Dutton JL, Soares da Costa TP, Houston SD. Cage hydrocarbons as linkers in dimeric drug design: Case studies with trimethoprim and tedizolid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 80:129086. [PMID: 36423825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The looming threat of a "post-antibiotic era" has been caused by a rapid rise in antibacterial resistance and subsequent depletion of effective antibiotic agents in the clinic. An efficient strategy to address this shortfall lies in the reengineering of pre-existing and commercially available antibiotic drugs. This is exemplified by dimerization, a design concept in which two pharmacophores are covalently linked to form a new chemical entity. The cage hydrocarbons cubane (1), bicyclo[2.2.2]octane (BCO) (2), adamantane (3), and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) (4) present themselves as an attractive family of linkers in this regard. In this report, all four hydrocarbon cages were employed as linkers in a series of dimers based on the commercially available antibiotics trimethoprim and tedizolid. A detailed synthetic roadmap for the protection and deprotection of each pharmacophore is outlined. Several members of the trimethoprim series showed activity on par with that of their trimethoprim progenitor, although this was not the case for the tedizolid series. The design strategy outlined herein highlights the utility of the group as a platform for the rapid and modular construction of future novel antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Vujcic
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Jessica Wyllie
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5063, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tania
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Jed Burns
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Keith F White
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Simon Cromwell
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Lupton
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason L Dutton
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Tatiana P Soares da Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5063, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sevan D Houston
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Almac Sciences Ltd, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom.
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27
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Cheng X, Du F, Li Z. Synthesis of precision poly(1,3‐bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane alkylene)s via acyclic diene metathesis polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang‐Yue Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polym. Chem. & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Fu‐Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polym. Chem. & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Zi‐Chen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polym. Chem. & Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing China
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28
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Rigotti T, Bach T. Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes by Visible Light-Driven Intramolecular Crossed [2 + 2] Photocycloadditions. Org Lett 2022; 24:8821-8825. [PMID: 36414533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes have become increasingly popular building blocks in medicinal chemistry as bridged scaffolds that provide unexplored chemical space. We herein report a visible light-driven approach to these compounds that relies on an intramolecular crossed [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of styrene derivatives enabled by triplet energy transfer. Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes were obtained in good to high yields (19 examples, 61%-quantitative yield) and allowed for further functionalizations by consecutive reactions, thereby opening different pathways to decorate the aliphatic core structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rigotti
- Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747Garching, Germany
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29
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Kraemer Y, Ghiazza C, Ragan AN, Ni S, Lutz S, Neumann EK, Fettinger JC, Nöthling N, Goddard R, Cornella J, Pitts CR. Strain-Release Pentafluorosulfanylation and Tetrafluoro(aryl)sulfanylation of [1.1.1]Propellane: Reactivity and Structural Insight. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211892. [PMID: 36137228 PMCID: PMC9828730 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We leveraged the recent increase in synthetic accessibility of SF5 Cl and Ar-SF4 Cl compounds to combine chemistry of the SF5 and SF4 Ar groups with strain-release functionalization. By effectively adding SF5 and SF4 Ar radicals across [1.1.1]propellane, we accessed structurally unique bicyclopentanes, bearing two distinct elements of bioisosterism. Upon evaluating these "hybrid isostere" motifs in the solid state, we measured exceptionally short transannular distances; in one case, the distance rivals the shortest nonbonding C⋅⋅⋅C contact reported to date. This prompted SC-XRD and DFT analyses that support the notion that a donor-acceptor interaction involving the "wing" C-C bonds is playing an important role in stabilization. Thus, these heretofore unknown structures expand the palette for highly coveted three-dimensional fluorinated building blocks and provide insight to a more general effect observed in bicyclopentanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Kraemer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, Davis1 Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA
| | - Clément Ghiazza
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Abbey N. Ragan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, Davis1 Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA
| | - Shengyang Ni
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Sigrid Lutz
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Elizabeth K. Neumann
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, Davis1 Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA
| | - James C. Fettinger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, Davis1 Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA
| | - Nils Nöthling
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Richard Goddard
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Josep Cornella
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, Davis1 Shields AvenueDavisCA 95616USA
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30
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Advances in nonclassical phenyl bioisosteres for drug structural optimization. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1681-1692. [PMID: 36317661 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenyl group is the most prevalent ring system and plays an essential role as a pharmacophore or scaffold in marketed drugs. However, the indiscriminate employment of phenyl is also a major cause of poor physicochemical properties of active molecules. Nonclassical phenyl bioisosteres (NPBs) have emerged as effective replacements for phenyl in structural optimization due to their unique steric structures and physicochemical properties. Herein, the effects of widely reported NPBs on physicochemical properties and biological activities, including bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP), bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCH), bicyclo[2.2.2]octane (BCO), cubane (CUB) and closo-carboborane, are reviewed. Issues that require consideration while using NPBs and practical solutions to problems frequently encountered in structural optimization using NPBs are also discussed.
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31
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Rentería-Gómez A, Lee W, Yin S, Davis M, Gogoi AR, Gutierrez O. General and Practical Route to Diverse 1-(Difluoro)alkyl-3-aryl Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes Enabled by an Fe-Catalyzed Multicomponent Radical Cross-Coupling Reaction. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Rentería-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Wes Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Shuai Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Achyut Ranjan Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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32
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Owen B, de Gaetano M, Gaffney A, Godson C, Guiry PJ. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-Containing Aromatic Lipoxin A 4 Analogues. Org Lett 2022; 24:6049-6053. [PMID: 35938947 PMCID: PMC9400386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxins are important drivers of inflammation resolution, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit. Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are potential isosteric replacements for arenes and/or alkyl groups within drug candidates. We carried out an asymmetric synthesis of four BCP-containing synthetic lipoxin A4 mimetics (BCP-sLXms) in which the key steps were a Suzuki coupling, an asymmetric ketone reduction, and a triethylborane-initiated radical bicyclopentylation. These mimetics were screened for their impact on inflammatory responses, and one imidazolo-BCP-sLXm (6a) was found to possess high anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Owen
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Monica de Gaetano
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Andrew Gaffney
- School of Medicine, Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- School of Medicine, Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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33
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Bychek R, Mykhailiuk PK. A Practical and Scalable Approach to Fluoro-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205103. [PMID: 35638404 PMCID: PMC9401599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
After more than 20 years of trials, a practical scalable approach to fluoro‐substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (F‐BCPs) has been developed. The physicochemical properties of the F‐BCPs have been studied, and the core was incorporated into the structure of the anti‐inflammatory drug Flurbiprofen in place of the fluorophenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bychek
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 60, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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34
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Shi J, Xu QL, Ni YQ, Li L, Pan F. Radical Multicomponent Alkyl Alkynylation of Propellane via Synergistic Photoredox and Copper Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:4609-4614. [PMID: 35726904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important bioisosteres of aryl, tert-butyl groups, and internal alkynes that can impact key physicochemical properties on drug candidates. Herein, we describe a novel and efficient reaction to synthesize alkyl-alkynyl-substituted BCP derivatives by synergistic photoredox and copper catalysis at room temperature. The mild reaction conditions, simple protocol, broad functional group tolerance, and high efficiency of this procedure make it a valuable strategy for accessing alkynyl-substituted BCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Lin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qing Ni
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Pan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, People's Republic of China
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35
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Lal S, Bhattacharjee A, Chowdhury A, Kumbhakarna N, Namboothiri INN. Approaches to 1,4-Disubstituted Cubane Derivatives as Energetic Materials: Design, Theoretical Studies and Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200489. [PMID: 35767352 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Novel 1,4-disubstituted cubane derivatives have been designed and selected ones have been successfully synthesized and characterized by various analytical and spectroscopic techniques, including single-crystal X-ray analysis. A detailed computational study at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory revealed that all newly designed 1,4-disubstituted cubane derivatives possess higher densities, higher density-specific impulse and superior ballistic properties when compared to conventional fuels, for example, RP-1. These compounds also exhibit acceptable kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities which were evaluated in terms of their HOMO-LUMO energy gap and bond dissociation energies, respectively, and are superior to TEX and many other compounds containing explosophoric groups. These results provide novel insights into the possible application of cubane-based energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohan Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Argha Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Arindrajit Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Neeraj Kumbhakarna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
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36
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Bychek R, Mykhailiuk PK. A Practical and Scalable Approach to Fluoro‐Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bychek
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 60 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
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37
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Zhao Y, Liu B, Lou R, Qi Y, He M, Long S, Feng W, Yan H. Construction of hyperbranched polysiloxane-based multifunctional fluorescent prodrug for preferential cellular uptake and dual-responsive drug release. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212848. [PMID: 35929243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbranched polymers hold great promise in nanomedicine for their controlled chemical structures, sizes, multiple terminal groups and enhanced stability than linear amphiphilic polymer assemblies. However, the rational design of hyperbranched polymer-based nanomedicine with low toxic materials, selective cellular uptake, controlled drug release, as well as real-time drug release tracking remains challenging. In this work, a hyperbranched multifunctional prodrug HBPSi-SS-HCPT is constructed basing on the nonconventional aggregation-induced emission (AIE) featured hyperbranched polysiloxanes (HBPSi). The HBPSi is a biocompatible AIE macromolecule devoid of conjugates, showing a high quantum yield of 17.88% and low cytotoxicity. By covalently grafting the anticancer drug, 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), to the HBPSi through 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid, HBPSi-SS-HCPT is obtained. The HBPSis demonstrate obvious AIE features and it turned to aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) after grafting HCPT owing to the FRET behavior between HBPSi and HCPT in HBPSi-SS-HCPT. In addition to on-demand HCPT release in response to changes in environmental pH and glutathione, a series of in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that HBPSi-SS-HCPT exhibits enhanced accumulation in tumor tissues through the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect and preferential cancer cell uptake by charge reversal, thus resulting in apoptotic cell death subsequently. This newly developed multifunctional HBPSi-SS-HCPT prodrug provides a biocompatible strategy for controlled drug delivery, preferential cancer cell uptake, on-demand drug release and enhanced antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710129, China.
| | - Biao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Rui Lou
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yibo Qi
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Miaomiao He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Sihao Long
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Weixu Feng
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Hongxia Yan
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710129, China.
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38
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Garner MH, Koerstz M, Jensen JH, Solomon GC. Substituent Control of σ-Interference Effects in the Transmission of Saturated Molecules. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2022; 2:282-288. [PMID: 36855417 PMCID: PMC9955259 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.2c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The single-molecule conductance of saturated molecules can potentially be fully suppressed by destructive quantum interference in their σ-system. However, only few molecules with σ-interference have been identified, and the structure-property relationship remains to be elucidated. Here, we explore the role of substituents in modulating the electronic transmission of saturated molecules. In functionalized bicyclo[2.2.2]octanes, the transmission is suppressed by σ-interference when fluorine substituents are applied. For bicyclo[2.2.2]octasilane and -octagermanes, the transmission is suppressed when carbon-based substituents are used, and such molecules are likely to be highly insulating. For the carbon-based substituents, we find a strong correlation between the appropriate Hammett constants and the transmission. The substituent effect enables systematic optimization of the insulating properties of saturated molecular cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc H. Garner
- Nano-Science
Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark,Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mads Koerstz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jan H. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Gemma C. Solomon
- Nano-Science
Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark,Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark,
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39
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Yaremenko IA, Belyakova YY, Radulov PS, Novikov RA, Medvedev MG, Krivoshchapov NV, Korlyukov AA, Alabugin IV, Terent Ev AO. Inverse α-Effect as the Ariadne's Thread on the Way to Tricyclic Aminoperoxides: Avoiding Thermodynamic Traps in the Labyrinth of Possibilities. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7264-7282. [PMID: 35418230 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stable tricyclic aminoperoxides can be selectively assembled via a catalyst-free three-component condensation of β,δ'-triketones, H2O2, and an NH-group source such as aqueous ammonia or ammonium salts. This procedure is scalable and can produce gram quantities of tricyclic heterocycles, containing peroxide, nitrogen, and oxygen cycles in one molecule. Amazingly, such complex tricyclic molecules are selectively formed despite the multitude of alternative reaction routes, via equilibration of peroxide, hemiaminal, monoperoxyacetal, and peroxyhemiaminal functionalities! The reaction is initiated by the "stereoelectronic frustration" of H2O2 and combines elements of thermodynamic and kinetic control with a variety of mono-, bi-, and tricyclic structures evolving under the conditions of thermodynamic control until they reach a kinetic wall created by the inverse α-effect, that is, the stereoelectronic penalty for the formation of peroxycarbenium ions and related transition states. Under these conditions, the reaction stops before reaching the most thermodynamically stable products at a stage where three different heterocycles are assembled and fused at the acyclic precursor frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Yaremenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia Yu Belyakova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Peter S Radulov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Roman A Novikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Michael G Medvedev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai V Krivoshchapov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 (3), Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Korlyukov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fl 32306, United States
| | - Alexander O Terent Ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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40
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Jung M, Lindsay VNG. One-Pot Synthesis of Strain-Release Reagents from Methyl Sulfones. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4764-4769. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Myunggi Jung
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N. G. Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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41
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Coppola GA, Pillitteri S, Van der Eycken EV, You SL, Sharma UK. Multicomponent reactions and photo/electrochemistry join forces: atom economy meets energy efficiency. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2313-2382. [PMID: 35244107 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00510c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light photoredox catalysis has been regarded as an extremely powerful tool in organic chemistry, bringing the spotlight back to radical processes. The versatility of photocatalyzed reactions has already been demonstrated to be effective in providing alternative routes for cross-coupling as well as multicomponent reactions. The photocatalyst allows the generation of high-energy intermediates through light irradiation rather than using highly reactive reagents or harsh reaction conditions. In a similar vein, organic electrochemistry has experienced a fruitful renaissance as a tool for generating reactive intermediates without the need for any catalyst. Such milder approaches pose the basis toward higher selectivity and broader applicability. In photocatalyzed and electrochemical multicomponent reactions, the generation of the radical species acts as a starter of the cascade of events. This allows for diverse reactivity and the use of reagents is usually not covered by classical methods. Owing to the availability of cheaper and more standardized photo- and electrochemical reactors, as well as easily scalable flow-setups, it is not surprising that these two fields have become areas of increased research interest. Keeping these in view, this review is aimed at providing an overview of the synthetic approaches in the design of MCRs involving photoredox catalysis and/or electrochemical activation as a crucial step with particular focus on the choice of the difunctionalized reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo A Coppola
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Serena Pillitteri
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium. .,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Upendra K Sharma
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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42
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Lasányi D, Máth D, Tolnai GL. Synthesis and Use of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylaldehyde Building Blocks. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2393-2401. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Lasányi
- Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. stny. 1/a, Budapest H1117, Hungary
| | - Dániel Máth
- Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. stny. 1/a, Budapest H1117, Hungary
| | - Gergely L. Tolnai
- Institute of Chemistry, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany P. stny. 1/a, Budapest H1117, Hungary
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43
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Livesley S, Sterling AJ, Robertson CM, Goundry WRF, Morris JA, Duarte F, Aïssa C. Electrophilic Activation of [1.1.1]Propellane for the Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Livesley
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Alistair J. Sterling
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Craig M. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - William R. F. Goundry
- Early Chemical Development Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D AstraZeneca Macclesfield SK10 2NA UK
| | - James A. Morris
- Syngenta International Research Centre Bracknell Berkshire RG42 6EY UK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Christophe Aïssa
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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44
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Slyusarchuk VD, Hawes CS. Fecht's acid revisited: a spirocyclic dicarboxylate for non-aromatic MOFs. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01542g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first of a new class of spiroalkane-derived MOF linkers shows aromaticity is not a prerequisite for ligand design in porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris S. Hawes
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
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45
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Woźny M, Mames A, Ratajczyk T. Triptycene Derivatives: From Their Synthesis to Their Unique Properties. Molecules 2021; 27:250. [PMID: 35011478 PMCID: PMC8746337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first preparation of triptycene, great progress has been made with respect to its synthesis and the understanding of its properties. Interest in triptycene-based systems is intense; in recent years, advances in the synthetic methodology and properties of new triptycenes have been reported by researchers from various fields of science. Here, an account of these new developments is given and placed in reference to earlier pivotal works that underpin the field. First, we discuss new approaches to the synthesis of new triptycenes. Progress in the regioselective synthesis of sterically demanding systems is discussed. The application of triptycenes in catalysis is also presented. Next, progress in the understanding of the relations between triptycene structures and their properties is discussed. The unique properties of triptycenes in the liquid and solid states are elaborated. Unique interactions, which involve triptycene molecular scaffolds, are presented. Molecular interactions within a triptycene unit, as well as between triptycenes or triptycenes and other molecules, are also evaluated. In particular, the summary of the synthesis and useful features will be helpful to researchers who are using triptycenes as building blocks in the chemical and materials sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Woźny
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Mames
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ratajczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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46
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McNamee RE, Thompson AL, Anderson EA. Synthesis and Applications of Polysubstituted Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21246-21251. [PMID: 34904841 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) are valuable substrates in the "strain release" synthesis of polysubstituted four-membered ring systems, with applications including bioconjugation agents. The introduction of substituents onto the BCB bridges is challenging due to limitations in current methods for the preparation of this bicyclic scaffold, typically necessitating linear syntheses with limited functional group tolerance and/or substituent scope. Here, we report the synthesis of tri- and tetrasubstituted BCBs via directed metalation of readily accessed BCB amides; this straightforward "late stage" approach generates a wide variety of bridge-substituted BCBs that can be easily converted into other useful small ring building blocks. Access to a monodeuterated BCB afforded unprecedented insight into the mechanism of dihalocarbene insertion into BCBs to afford bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E McNamee
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Amber L Thompson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
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47
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Mousseau JJ, Perry MA, Bundesmann MW, Chinigo GM, Choi C, Gallego G, Hicklin RW, Hoy S, Limburg DC, Sach NW, Zhang Y. Automated Nanomole-Scale Reaction Screening toward Benzoate Bioisosteres: A Photocatalyzed Approach to Highly Elaborated Bicyclo[1.1.1]Pentanes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Mousseau
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew A. Perry
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark W. Bundesmann
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gary M. Chinigo
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chulho Choi
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gary Gallego
- Pfizer La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Robert W. Hicklin
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Susan Hoy
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David C. Limburg
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 445 Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Neal W. Sach
- Pfizer La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Pfizer Medicine Design, 610 Main St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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48
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Harmata AS, Spiller TE, Sowden MJ, Stephenson CRJ. Photochemical Formal (4 + 2)-Cycloaddition of Imine-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes and Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21223-21228. [PMID: 34902245 PMCID: PMC9241356 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Amines containing bridged bicyclic carbon skeletons are desirable building blocks for medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report the conversion of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-1-amines to a wide range of polysubstituted bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-1-amines through a photochemical, formal (4 + 2)-cycloaddition of an intermediate imine diradical. To our knowledge, this is the first reported method to convert the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane skeleton to the bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane skeleton. Hydrolysis of the imine products gives complex, sp3-rich primary amine building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Corresponding Author Corey R. J. Stephenson – Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 940 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States;
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49
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Homon AA, Hryshchuk OV, Mykhailenko OV, Vashchenko BV, Melnykov KP, Michurin OM, Daniliuc CG, Gerus II, Kovtunenko VO, Kondratov IS, Grygorenko OO. 4‐(Di‐/Trifluoromethyl)‐2‐heterabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes: Advanced Fluorinated Phenyl Isosteres and Proline analogues. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton A. Homon
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine Murmanska Street 1 Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr V. Hryshchuk
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Olha V. Mykhailenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn P. Melnykov
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Oleg M. Michurin
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Igor I. Gerus
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine Murmanska Street 1 Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
| | | | - Ivan S. Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine Murmanska Street 1 Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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50
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Grygorenko OO, Volochnyuk DM, Vashchenko BV. Emerging Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry: Recent Synthetic Advances. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska Street 5 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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