1
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Sperga A, Veliks J. Recent Advances in Monofluorinated Carbenes, Carbenoids, Ylides, and Related Species. Chemistry 2023:e202301851. [PMID: 37902650 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of monofluorinated compounds is of great interest because of the vast applications of organofluorine compounds. Recently, the introduction of monofluorocarbene synthons has emerged as an important strategy for the synthesis of fluorine-containing products. In contrast to direct fluorination, in which C-F bonds are formed, the use of monofluorinated carbenes and related reactive species involves C-C or C-X bond formation while delivering valuable fluorine atoms into the target structure. Owing to increased knowledge on carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond formations, monofluorinated carbenes have enormous potential for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds, which, in our opinion, has not yet been fully exploited. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthetic applications of monofluorinated carbenes, carbenoids, ylides, and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturs Sperga
- Latvian Institute of OrganicSynthesis, Aizkrauklesiela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Veliks
- Latvian Institute of OrganicSynthesis, Aizkrauklesiela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
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2
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Abstract
A metal-free one-pot process for the gem-difluoroolefination of amides is described. The reaction is based on interaction of generated in situ α-chloroiminium salts with difluorinated phosphorus ylide formed from difluorocarbene and triphenylphosphine. The olefination involves nucleophile-assisted dephosphorylation and proceeds within one hour at low temperature. The gem-difluoroenamines were used in further transformations leading to a variety of fluoroalkylated amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey L Trifonov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991, Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991, Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
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3
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Swamy VSVSN, Krischer F, Schwarz C, Steinert H, Mallick B, Däschlein-Gessner VH. Inverting the Electronic Structure of Diylidylgermylenes by Backbone Modification. Chemistry 2023:e202300504. [PMID: 36929100 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the strong electron-donating ability of ylide substituents, diylidyltetrylenes are usually highly nucleophilic species with strong donor capacities. Here, we demonstrate that their electronic properties are in fact highly flexible and can be effectively tuned through variation of the substituent in the ylide backbone. Initial density functional theory studies showed that cyano groups are particularly capable in lowering the LUMO energy of diylidyl germylenes thus turning these usually highly nucleophilic species into electrophilic compounds. This was confirmed by experimental studies. Attempts to synthesize the germylene (YCN)2Ge [with YCN = Ph3P-(C)-CN] from the corresponding metalated ylides YCNK selectively led to germanide [(YCN)3Ge)K]2 thus reflecting the electrophilic nature of the intermediate formed germylene. XRD analysis of single crystals of (YCN)2Ge - serendipitously obtained through protonative cleavage of one ylide from the germanide - revealed a monomeric structure with rather long Ge-ylide linkages, which corroborates well with a pure single bond and no stabilization of the empty pπ orbital at germanium through pi bonding. The germanide exhibits methanide-like reactivity towards chalcogens but a likewise weak Ge-C bond as demonstrated by the insertion of carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S V S N Swamy
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Felix Krischer
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Christopher Schwarz
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Henning Steinert
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Bert Mallick
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, GERMANY
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4
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Tawatari T, Kato R, Kudo R, Takasu K, Takikawa H. Intramolecular Ynamide-Benzyne (3+2) Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300907. [PMID: 36895082 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
We report herein intramolecular (3+2) cycloaddition reactions between ynamides as three-atom components and benzyne. In these intramolecular reactions, the two-bond formation is realized by exploiting benzyne precursors that contain a chlorosilyl group as a linking functionality. This method thus highlights the ambivalent character of the intermediate indolium ylide, which exhibits both nucleophilic and electrophilic properties at its C2 atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Tawatari
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Ritsuki Kato
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Riku Kudo
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Kiyosei Takasu
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, JAPAN
| | - Hiroshi Takikawa
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku, Graduate Schools of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29, Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, 606-8501, Kyoto, JAPAN
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5
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Löffler J, Vanden Broeck SMP, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP, Däschlein-Gessner VH. Correlation of Experimental and Calculated Reaction Enthalpies with Ligand Donor Strengths. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300151. [PMID: 36880477 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Ylide-functionalized phosphines (YPhos) have recently proven to be strongly donating ligands that enable high catalyst activities in gold(I)-mediated transformations. We now report on a calorimetric study dealing with the [Au(YPhos)Cl] system and assess YPhos-Au bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE). Comparison with other commonly used phosphines confirmed the high binding strengths of the YPhos ligands. Furthermore, the values of the reaction enthalpies were shown to correlate with the electronic properties of the ligands measured via the Tolman electronic parameter or the calculated molecular electrostatic potential at phosphorus. Notably, the reaction enthalpies can conveniently be derived by computational methods, thus making these easy-to-obtain descriptors for ligand donor property quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Löffler
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Sofie M P Vanden Broeck
- Ghent University: Universiteit Gent, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, BELGIUM
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Ghent University: Universiteit Gent, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, BELGIUM
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Ghent University: Universiteit Gent, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, BELGIUM
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6
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Löffler J, Gessner VH. From a Fluorenyl Substituted Ylide-Functionalized Phosphine to a Neutral Phosphide via P-C Bond Cleavage. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200459. [PMID: 36800169 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Bulky ylide-substituted phosphines have recently found application as potent ligands in homogeneous catalysis. The attempted synthesis of the ylide-substituted fluorenylphosphine YPh P(Cy)Flu [YPh =Cy3 P(Ph)C; Flu=9-methylfluorenyl] now resulted in the unexpected elimination of 9-methylenefluorene during the deprotonation step of the intermediary α-phosphino phosphonium salt to yield the secondary ylide-substituted phosphine YPh P(Cy)H. This phosphine underwent formal H2 elimination under basic conditions to form a cyclic phosphonium ylide with a P-C-P-C four-membered ring via deprotonation of one cyclohexyl group of the PCy3 moiety. Upon coordination to transition metals the secondary ylidylphosphine forms a neutral phosphide ligand by shift of the proton into the ylide-backbone and formation of zwitterionic metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Löffler
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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7
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Jörges M, Gauld RM, Steinert H, Kelling L, Swamy VSVSN, Kroll A, Mallick B, Gessner VH. Thiophosphinoyl-Tethered Ylide-Substituted Heavier Carbenes: Synthesis, Structures and Stabilities. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203863. [PMID: 36772849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure analysis of a series of mono and diylide-substituted tetrylenes of type YEX and Y2 E (E=Ge, Sn, Pb; X=Cl or Br) using a thiophosphinoyl-tethered metallated ylide (Y=Ph2 P(S)-C-P(pip)Ph2 with pip=piperidyl) is reported, amongst the first ylide-substituted plumbylenes. The tetrylenes feature distinct trends in the spectroscopic and structural properties of the ylide ligand with increasing atomic number of the tetrel element. For instance, an increasingly high-field shifted signal for the thiophosphinoyl group is observed in the 31 P{1 H} NMR spectrum as a consequence of the increasing polarity of the element-carbon bond, which likewise results in a shortening of the ylidic C-P bond in the solid-state structure. The diylidyltetrylenes are unstable towards transylidation forming the mono(ylide)tetrylenes when treated with the tetrel dihalides according to the stability trend: Y2 Pb<Y2 Sn<Y2 Ge<YPbBr<YSnCl<YGeCl. Starting from the monoylide-substituted chlorotertrylenes the first unsymmetrical diylidyltetrylenes of type YEY' can be accessed, whose solid-state structures revealed that not the C-E but the S-E bond to the thiophosphinoyl group is most affected by the second ylide substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Jörges
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Richard M Gauld
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Henning Steinert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Leif Kelling
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - V S V S N Swamy
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Kroll
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bert Mallick
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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8
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Krämer F, Radius M, Hinz A, Dilanas MEA, Breher F. Accessing Cationic α-Silylated and α-Germylated Phosphorus Ylides. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103974. [PMID: 34817892 PMCID: PMC9299657 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and full characterization of α‐silylated (α‐SiCPs; 1–7) and α‐germylated (α‐GeCPs; 11–13) phosphorus ylides bearing one chloride substituent R3PC(R1)E(Cl)R22 (R=Ph; R1=Me, Et, Ph; R2=Me, Et, iPr, Mes; E=Si, Ge) is presented. The molecular structures were determined by X‐ray diffraction studies. The title compounds were applied in halide abstraction studies in order to access cationic species. The reaction of Ph3PC(Me)Si(Cl)Me2 (1) with Na[B(C6F5)4] furnished the dimeric phosphonium‐like dication [Ph3PC(Me)SiMe2]2[B(C6F5)4]2 (8). The highly reactive, mesityl‐ or iPr‐substituted cationic species [Ph3PC(Me)SiMes2][B(C6F5)4] (9) and [Ph3PC(Et)SiiPr2][B(C6F5)4] (10) could be characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Carrying out the halide abstraction reaction in the sterically demanding ether iPr2O afforded the protonated α‐SiCP [Ph3PCH(Et)Si(Cl)iPr2][B(C6F5)4] (6 dec) by sodium‐mediated basic ether decomposition, whereas successfully synthesized [Ph3PC(Et)SiiPr2][B(C6F5)4] (10) readily cleaves the F−C bond in fluorobenzene. Thus, the ambiphilic character of α‐SiCPs is clearly demonstrated. The less reactive germanium analogue [Ph3PC(Me)GeMes2][B{3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3}4] (14) was obtained by treating 11 with Na[B{3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3}4] and fully characterized including by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Structural parameters indicate a strong CYlide−Ge interaction with high double bond character, and consequently the C−E (E=Si, Ge) bonds in 9, 10 and 14 were analyzed with NBO and AIM methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krämer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry, Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Radius
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry, Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry, Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Melina E A Dilanas
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry, Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry, Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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9
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Amariucai-Mantu D, Mangalagiu V, Mangalagiu II. [3 + n] Cycloaddition Reactions: A Milestone Approach for Elaborating Pyridazine of Potential Interest in Medicinal Chemistry and Optoelectronics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113359. [PMID: 34199610 PMCID: PMC8199680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last few decades, pyridazine derivatives have emerged as privileged structures in heterocyclic chemistry, both because of their excellent chemistry and because of their potential applications in medicinal chemistry and optoelectronics. This review is focused on the recent advances in [3 + n] cycloaddition reactions in the pyridazine series as well as their medicinal chemistry and optoelectronic applications over the last ten years. The stereochemistry and regiochemistry of the cycloaddition reactions are discussed. Applications in optoelectronics (in particular, as fluorescent materials and sensors) and medicinal chemistry (in particular, antimicrobials and anticancer) are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Amariucai-Mantu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Violeta Mangalagiu
- CERNESIM Centre, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (I.I.M.)
| | - Ionel I. Mangalagiu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- CERNESIM Centre, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol 1st Bvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (I.I.M.)
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10
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Wang X, Hadjichristidis N. Boron-Catalyzed Polymerization of Dienyltriphenylarsonium Ylides: On the Way to Pure C5 Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8431-8434. [PMID: 33432725 PMCID: PMC8049021 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The first C5 polymerization is reported, where the main-chain is growing by five carbon atoms of the monomer at a time. Three dienyltriphenylarsonium ylide monomers were synthesized and polymerized with triethylborane as an initiator, leading to random terpolymers (C1, C3, C5) with mainly C5 repeating units (up to 84.1 %). It has been found that the methyl group (electron-donating substituent) on the conjugated double bond of the ylides facilitates the formation of C5 segments. A mechanism was proposed based on NMR characterization and DFT calculations. The high C5 content ensures that things are on the right track for pure C5 homopolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Catalysis CenterPolymer Synthesis LaboratoryKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKAUST Catalysis CenterPolymer Synthesis LaboratoryKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Among the available methods to increase the molecular complexity, sigmatropic rearrangements occupy a distinct position in organic synthesis. Despite being known for over a century sigmatropic rearrangement reactions of ylides via carbene transfer reaction have only recently come of age. Most of the ylide mediated rearrangement processes involve rupture of a σ-bond and formation of a new bond between π-bond and negatively charged atom followed by simultaneous redistribution of π-electrons. This minireview describes the advances in this research area made in recent years, which now opens up metal-catalyzed enantioselective sigmatropic rearrangement reactions, metal-free photochemical rearrangement reactions and novel reaction pathways that can be accessed via ylide intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sripati Jana
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Yujing Guo
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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12
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Mohapatra C, Darmandeh H, Steinert H, Mallick B, Feichtner K, Gessner VH. Synthesis of Low-Valent Dinuclear Group 14 Compounds with Element-Element Bonds by Transylidation. Chemistry 2020; 26:15145-15149. [PMID: 32954596 PMCID: PMC7756224 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Dinuclear low-valent compounds of the heavy main group elements are rare species owing to their intrinsic reactivity. However, they represent desirable target molecules due to their unusual bonding situations as well as applications in bond activations and materials synthesis. The isolation of such compounds usually requires the use of substituents that provide sufficient stability and synthetic access. Herein, we report on the use of strongly donating ylide-substituents to access low-valent dinuclear group 14 compounds. The ylides not only impart steric and electronic stabilization, but also allow facile synthesis via transfer of an ylide from tetrylene precursors of type R Y2 E to ECl2 (E=Ge, Sn; R Y=TolSO2 (PR3 )C with R=Ph, Cy). This method allowed the isolation of dinuclear complexes amongst a germanium analogue of a vinyl cation, [(Ph Y)2 GeGe(Ph Y)]+ with an electronic structure best described as a germylene-stabilized GeII cation and a ylide(chloro)digermene [Cy Y(Cl)GeGe(Cl)Cy Y] with an unusually unsymmetrical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrajeet Mohapatra
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Heidar Darmandeh
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Henning Steinert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Bert Mallick
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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13
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Scherpf T, Steinert H, Großjohann A, Dilchert K, Tappen J, Rodstein I, Gessner VH. Efficient Pd-Catalyzed Direct Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with Alkyllithium Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20596-20603. [PMID: 32725943 PMCID: PMC7692947 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organolithium compounds are amongst the most important organometallic reagents and frequently used in difficult metallation reactions. However, their direct use in the formation of C-C bonds is less established. Although remarkable advances in the coupling of aryllithium compounds have been achieved, Csp2 -Csp3 coupling reactions are very limited. Herein, we report the first general protocol for the coupling or aryl chlorides with alkyllithium reagents. Palladium catalysts based on ylide-substituted phosphines (YPhos) were found to be excellently suited for this transformation giving high selectivities at room temperature with a variety of aryl chlorides without the need for an additional transmetallation reagent. This is demonstrated in gram-scale synthesis including building blocks for materials chemistry and pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, the direct coupling of aryllithiums as well as Grignard reagents with aryl chlorides was also easily accomplished at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Scherpf
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryChair of Inorganic ChemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Henning Steinert
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryChair of Inorganic ChemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Angela Großjohann
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryChair of Inorganic ChemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Katharina Dilchert
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryChair of Inorganic ChemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Jens Tappen
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryChair of Inorganic ChemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Ilja Rodstein
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryChair of Inorganic ChemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryChair of Inorganic ChemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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14
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Abstract
The synthesis of electron-poor mono-, di- and tri(imidazolium)-substituted Cp-ylides is presented and their electronic properties are discussed based on NMR spectroscopy, X-ray structure analyses, electrochemical investigations and DFT calculations as well as by their reactivity toward [Ru(CH3 CN)3 Cp*](PF6 ). With mono- and di(imidazolium)-substituted cyclopentadienides the respective monocationic and dicationic ruthenocences are formed (X-ray), whereas tri(imidazolium) cyclopentadienides are too electron-poor to form the ruthenocenes. Cyclic voltammetric analysis of the ruthenocenes shows reversible oxidation at a potential that increases with every additional electron-withdrawing imidazolium substituent at the Cp ligand by 0.53-0.55 V in an electrolyte based on a weakly coordinating anion. A reversible oxidation can be observed for the free 1,3-disubstituted ligand as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Mazzotta
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georg Zitzer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Speiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Doris Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Antoci V, Moldoveanu C, Danac R, Mangalagiu V, Zbancioc G. Huisgen [3 + 2] Dipolar Cycloadditions of Phthalazinium Ylides to Activated Symmetric and Non-Symmetric Alkynes. Molecules 2020; 25:E4416. [PMID: 32992961 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present herein a straightforward and efficient pathway for the synthesis of pyrrolophthalazine cycloadducts via Huisgen [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition reactions of phthalazinium ylides to methyl propiolate or dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD). A thoroughly comparative study concerning the efficiency of synthesis, conventional thermal heating (TH) versus microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) irradiation, has been performed. The cycloaddition reactions of phthalazinium ylides to methyl propiolate occur regiospecific, with a single regioisomer being obtained. Under conventional TH, the cycloaddition reaction of phthalazinium ylides with DMAD occurs to a mixture of inseparable partial and fully aromatized pyrrolophthalazine cycloadducts, while MW or US irradiation are leading only to fully aromatized compounds, with the reactions becoming selective. A feasible mechanism for formation of fully aromatized compounds is presented. Besides selectivity, it has to be noticed that the reaction setup under MW or US irradiation offer a number of other certain advantages: higher yields, decreasing of the amount of used solvent comparative with TH, decreasing of the reaction time from hours to minutes and decreasing of the consumed energy; consequently, these reactions could be considered environmentally friendly.
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16
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Abstract
Ruthenium vinyl carbenes derived from Cp/Cp*RuCl-based complexes (Cp=cyclopentadiene, Cp*=1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene) have been routinely invoked as key intermediates in tandem reactions involving a carbene/alkyne metathesis (CAM). A priori, these intermediates resemble the Grubbs-type family of catalysts, but they exhibit a completely different reactivity pattern that few, if any, other catalytic system can reproduce so far. The reactivity of these species with α-unsubstituted and α-substituted alkynals showcases the peculiarities of these intermediates. Although Z-vinyl dihydrooxazines are preferentially obtained with the former, Z-vinyl epoxypyrrolidines are obtained with the latter. A combination of spectroscopic and computational data now prove that a η3 -coordination mode of the ruthenium vinyl carbene and the presence of a Lewis basic chloride ligand give rise to two markedly different stereoelectronic faces, which are responsible for the unconventional reactivity of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damián Padín
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús A Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Saá
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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17
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Abstract
We report a new class of stable mesoionic N-heterocyclic olefins, featuring a highly polarized (strongly ylidic) double bond. The ground-state structure cannot be described through an uncharged mesomeric Lewis-structure, thereby structurally distinguishing them from traditional N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs). mNHOs can easily be obtained through deprotonation of the corresponding methylated N,N'-diaryl-1,2,3-triazolium and N,N'-diaryl-imidazolium salts, respectively. In their reactivity, they represent strong σ-donor ligands as shown by their coordination complexes of rhodium and boron. Their calculated proton affinities, their experimentally derived basicities (competition experiments), as well as donor abilities (Tolman electronic parameter; TEP) exceed the so far reported class of NHOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M. Hansmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische BiologieTechnische Universität DortmundOtto-Hahn-Str. 644227DortmundGermany
- Georg-August Universität GöttingenInstitut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Patrick W. Antoni
- Georg-August Universität GöttingenInstitut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Henner Pesch
- Georg-August Universität GöttingenInstitut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
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18
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Steinert H, Schwarz C, Kroll A, Gessner VH. Towards the Preparation of Stable Cyclic Amino(ylide)Carbenes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040796. [PMID: 32059503 PMCID: PMC7070660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic amino(ylide)carbenes (CAYCs) are the ylide-substituted analogues of N-heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs). Due to the stronger π donation of the ylide compared to an amino moiety they are stronger donors and thus are desirable ligands for catalysis. However, no stable CAYC has been reported until today. Here, we describe experimental and computational studies on the synthesis and stability of CAYCs based on pyrroles with trialkyl onium groups. Attempts to isolate two CAYCs with trialkyl phosphonium and sulfonium ylides resulted in the deprotonation of the alkyl groups instead of the formation of the desired CAYCs. In case of the PCy3-substituted system, the corresponding ylide was isolated, while deprotonation of the SMe2-functionalized compound led to the formation of ethene and the thioether. Detailed computational studies on various trialkyl onium groups showed that both the α- and β-deprotonated compounds were energetically favored over the free carbene. The most stable candidates were revealed to be α-hydrogen-free adamantyl-substituted onium groups, for which β-deprotonation is less favorable at the bridgehead position. Overall, the calculations showed that the isolation of CAYCs should be possible, but careful design is required to exclude decomposition pathways such as deprotonations at the onium group.
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19
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Karishma P, Agarwal DS, Laha B, Mandal SK, Sakhuja R. Ruthenium Catalyzed C-H Acylmethylation of N-Arylphthalazine-1,4-diones with α-Carbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylides: Highway to Diversely Functionalized Phthalazino-fused Cinnolines. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4274-4288. [PMID: 31613428 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A direct ortho-Csp2 -H acylmethylation of 2-aryl-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-diones with α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides is achieved through a RuII -catalyzed C-H bond activation process. The protocol featured high functional group tolerance on the two substrates, including aryl-, heteroaryl-, and alkyl-substituted α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides. Thereafter, 2-(ortho-acylmethylaryl)-2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-diones were used as potential starting materials for the expeditious synthesis of 6-arylphthalazino[2,3-a]cinnoline-8,13-diones and 5-acyl-5,6-dihydrophthalazino[2,3-a]cinnoline-8,13-diones under Lawesson's reagent and BF3 ⋅OEt2 mediated conditions, respectively. Of these, the BF3 ⋅OEt2 -mediated cyclization proceeded in DMSO as a solvent and a methylene source via dual C-C and C-N bond formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pidiyara Karishma
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Devesh S Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Biswajit Laha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manuali P.O., Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Sanjay K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manuali P.O., Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Rajeev Sakhuja
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
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20
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Radius M, Sattler E, Berberich H, Breher F. Reactivity of a Sterically Unencumbered α-Borylated Phosphorus Ylide towards Small Molecules. Chemistry 2019; 25:12206-12213. [PMID: 31355482 PMCID: PMC6771871 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of substituents on α‐borylated phosphorus ylides (α‐BCPs) has been investigated in a combined experimental and quantum chemical approach. The synthesis and characterization of Me3PC(H)B(iBu)2 (1), consisting of small Me substituents on phosphorous and iBu residues on boron, is reported. Compound 1 is accessible through a novel synthetic approach, which has been further elucidated through DFT studies. The reactivity of 1 towards various small molecules was probed and compared with that of a previously published derivative, Ph3PC(Me)BEt2 (2). Both α‐BCPs react with NH3 to undergo heterolytic N−H bond cleavage. Different di‐ and trimeric ring structures were observed in the reaction products of 1 with CO and CO2. With PhNCO and PHNCS, the expected insertion products [Me3PC(H)(PhNCO)B(iBu)2] and [Me3PC(H)(PhNCS)B(iBu)2], respectively, were isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ewald Sattler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Helga Berberich
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Division Molecular Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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21
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Schwarz C, Scherpf T, Rodstein I, Weismann J, Feichtner KS, Gessner VH. Ylide-Functionalization via Metalated Ylides: Synthesis and Structural Properties. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:621-626. [PMID: 31123665 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The α-metallated ylides [Ph3P-C-Z]-M+ (with Z=SO2Tol or CN and M=Na or K) were used as versatile nucleophiles for the facile access to ylide-substituted compounds. Halogenations, alkylations, carbonylations and functionalization reactions with main group element halides were easily accomplished by simple trapping reactions with the appropriate electrophiles. X-ray crystallographic studies of all compounds - including the first structures of α-fluorinated P-ylides - showed remarkable differences in the ylide backbone depending on the substituents. In the fluorinated compounds, a change from a fully planar to a pyramidalized ylidic carbon centre was observed despite the strongly anion-stabilizing ability of the yldiide substituent. π-Donation from the ylide substituent also resulted in geometric restrictions depending on the steric and electronic properties of the introduced substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schwarz
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Ilja Rodstein
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Julia Weismann
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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22
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Mohapatra C, Scharf LT, Scherpf T, Mallick B, Feichtner KS, Schwarz C, Gessner VH. Isolation of a Diylide-Stabilized Stannylene and Germylene: Enhanced Donor Strength through Coplanar Lone Pair Alignment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7459-7463. [PMID: 30901140 PMCID: PMC6563488 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of the first stable diylide‐substituted stannylene and germylene (Y2E, with E=Ge, Sn and Y=[PPh3‐C‐SO2Tol]−) is reported. The synthesis is easily accomplished in one step from the sulfonyl‐substituted metalated ylide YNa and the corresponding ECl2 precursors. Y2Ge and Y2Sn exhibit unusual structures in the solid state and in solution, in which the three adjacent lone pairs in the C‐E‐C linkage are arranged coplanar to each other. As shown by DFT studies, this bonding situation is preferred over the typical π‐donation from the ligands into the empty p‐orbital at the metal due to the strong anion‐stabilizing ability of the sulfonyl groups in the ylide backbone and their additional coordination to the metal. The alignment of the three lone pairs leads to a remarkable boost of the HOMO energy and thus of the donor strengths of the tetrylenes. Hence, Y2Ge and Y2Sn become stronger donors than their diamino or diaryl congeners and comparable to cyclic alkyl(amino)carbenes. First reactivity studies confirm the high reactivity of Y2Ge and Y2Sn, which for example undergo an intramolecular C−H activation reaction via metal–ligand cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrajeet Mohapatra
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lennart T Scharf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bert Mallick
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christopher Schwarz
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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23
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Kono M, Harada S, Nemoto T. Chemoselective Intramolecular Formal Insertion Reaction of Rh-Nitrenes into an Amide Bond Over C-H Insertion. Chemistry 2019; 25:3119-3124. [PMID: 30561054 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed extensive efforts to disclose the unique reactivity of metal-nitrenes, because they could be a powerful synthetic tool for introducing the amine functionality into unactivated chemical bonds. The reactivity of metal-nitrenes, however, is currently mainly confined to aziridination (an insertion into a C=C bond) and C-H amination (an insertion into a C-H bond). Nitrene insertion into an amide C-N bond, however, has not been reported so far. In this work we have developed a rhodium-catalyzed one-nitrogen insertion into amide C-N and sulfonamide S-N bonds. Experimental and theoretical analyses based on density functional theory indicate that the formal amide insertion proceeds via a rhodium-coordinated ammonium ylide formed between the nitrene and the amide nitrogen, followed by acyl group transfer concomitant with C-N bond cleavage. Mechanistic studies have allowed rationalization of the origin of the chemoselectivity observed between the C-H and amide insertion reactions. The methodology presented herein is the first example of an insertion of nitrene into amide bonds and provides facile access to unique diazacyclic systems with an N-N bond linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
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24
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Schwarz C, Scharf LT, Scherpf T, Weismann J, Gessner VH. Isolation of the Metalated Ylides [Ph 3 P-C-CN]M (M=Li, Na, K): Influence of the Metal Ion on the Structure and Bonding Situation. Chemistry 2019; 25:2793-2802. [PMID: 30556625 PMCID: PMC6519153 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The isolation and structural characterization of the cyanido-substituted metalated ylides [Ph3 P-C-CN]M (1-M; M=Li, Na, K) are reported with lithium, sodium, and potassium as metal cations. In the solid-state, most different aggregates could be determined depending on the metal and additional Lewis bases. The crown-ether complexes of sodium (1-Na) and potassium (1-K) exhibited different structures, with sodium preferring coordination to the nitrogen end, whereas potassium binds in an unusual η2 -coordination mode to the two central carbon atoms. The formation of the yldiide was accompanied by structural changes leading to shorter C-C and longer C-N bonds. This could be attributed to the delocalization of the free electron pairs at the carbon atom into the antibonding orbitals of the CN moiety, which was confirmed by IR spectroscopy and computational studies. Detailed density functional theory calculations show that the changes in the structure and the bonding situation were most pronounced in the lithium compounds due to the higher covalency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Schwarz
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Lennart T. Scharf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Julia Weismann
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
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25
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Weber P, Scherpf T, Rodstein I, Lichte D, Scharf LT, Gooßen LJ, Gessner VH. A Highly Active Ylide-Functionalized Phosphine for Palladium-Catalyzed Aminations of Aryl Chlorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3203-3207. [PMID: 30451339 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ylide-functionalized phosphine ligands (YPhos) were rationally designed to fit the requirements of Buchwald-Hartwig aminations at room temperature. This ligand class combines a strong electron-donating ability comparable to NHC ligands with high steric demand similar to biaryl phosphines. The active Pd species are stabilized by agostic C-H⋅⋅⋅Pd rather than by Pd-arene interactions. The practical advantage of YPhos ligands arises from their easy and scalable synthesis from widely available, inexpensive starting materials. Benchmark studies showed that YPhos-Pd complexes are superior to the best-known phosphine ligands in room-temperature aminations of aryl chlorides. The utility of the catalysts was demonstrated by the synthesis of various arylamines in high yields within short reaction times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Weber
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, ZEMOS, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ilja Rodstein
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik Lichte
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, ZEMOS, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lennart T Scharf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lukas J Gooßen
- Evonik Chair of Organic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, ZEMOS, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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26
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Abstract
The synthesis of the germacalicene 7 from the reaction of the dipotassium germole dianion K2 [6] with 1,2-bis-diisopropylamino-3-chlorocyclopropenyl perchlorate is reported. Based on the crystal structure analysis and the results of DFT calculations, the germacalicene 7 can be viewed as a cyclopropenium germacyclopentadienide ylide that is isoelectronic to α-cationic phosphanes. First reactivity studies revealed its nucleophilic character and resulted in the isolation of the air- and moisture-stable carbonyl iron complex 15 and the cationic silver complex 20. One-electron oxidation of the germacalicene 7 was achieved by its reaction with [Ph3 C][B(C6 F5 )4 ] and the bis-cationic Ge-Ge-bonded dimer 22 was isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Dong
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lena Albers
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
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27
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Hahn J, Keck C, Maichle-Mössmer C, von Grotthuss E, Ruth PN, Paesch A, Stalke D, Bettinger HF. Synthesis and Ring Strain of a Benzoborirene-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adduct. Chemistry 2018; 24:18634-18637. [PMID: 30444011 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of an N-heterocyclic carbene (1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolin-2-ylidene, IiPr Me 2 ) adduct of dichloro(ortho-bromophenyl)borane by tert-butyl lithium at low temperature yields the IiPr Me 2 adduct A of parent benzoborirene, a highly strained boron-containing bicyclic compound. A is unstable at room temperature and dimerizes at low temperature to the bis-IiPr Me 2 adduct of 9,10-dihydro-9,10-diboraanthracene, characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hahn
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Constanze Keck
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Esther von Grotthuss
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Paul Niklas Ruth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Paesch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger F Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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28
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Vaitla J, Bayer A, Hopmann KH. Iron-Catalyzed Carbenoid-Transfer Reactions of Vinyl Sulfoxonium Ylides: An Experimental and Computational Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16180-16184. [PMID: 30318836 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A method for the generation of unprecedented vinyl carbenoids from sulfoxonium ylides has been developed and applied in the synthesis of a diverse array of heterocycles such as indolizines, pyrroles, 3-pyrrolin-2-ones, and furans. The reactions proceed by FeBr2 catalysis under mild reaction conditions with a broad substrate scope. A reaction pathway involving iron carbenoids is proposed based on a series of control experiments and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janakiram Vaitla
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Annette Bayer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kathrin H Hopmann
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
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29
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Miura T, Funakoshi Y, Nakahashi J, Moriyama D, Murakami M. Synthesis of Elongated Esters from Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15455-15459. [PMID: 30264919 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A convenient method for synthesizing elongated aliphatic esters from alkenes is reported. An (alkoxycarbonyl)methyl radical species is generated upon visible-light irradiation of an ester-stabilized phosphorus ylide in the presence of a photoredox catalyst. This radical species adds onto the carbon-carbon double bond of an alkene to produce an elongated aliphatic ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuuta Funakoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Junki Nakahashi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Moriyama
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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30
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Clergue S, Rousseau O, Delaunay T, Dequirez G, Tran TV, El Aakchioui S, Barozzino-Consiglio G, Robiette R. Asymmetric Sulfur-Ylide-Mediated Formal [4+1]-Annulation Reaction: Scope and Mechanism. Chemistry 2018; 24:11417-11425. [PMID: 29770508 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A formal [4+1]-annulation strategy between sulfur ylides and 1,3-dienes was developed to afford functionalized cyclopentanoids. The process consists of a stereoselective cyclopropanation reaction followed, in situ, by a stereospecific MgI2 -catalyzed vinylcyclopropane-cyclopentene rearrangement. The use of chiral sulfur ylides provided cyclopentanoids with excellent enantiocontrol. A combined experimental and computational mechanistic study showed that the stereospecificity of the rearrangement could be accounted for by a double SN 2 reaction mechanism involving iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Clergue
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, France
| | - Olivier Rousseau
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, France
| | - Thierry Delaunay
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, France
| | - Geoffroy Dequirez
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, France
| | - Trieu-Van Tran
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, France
| | - Soumia El Aakchioui
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, France
| | - Gabriella Barozzino-Consiglio
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, France
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, France
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31
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Cheng QQ, Massey LA, Willett BS, Deng Y, Arman H, Doyle MP. Copper-Catalyzed Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of Enoldiazoimides with Sulfur Ylides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10343-10346. [PMID: 29863775 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enoldiazoimides, a new subclass of enoldiazo compounds, generate enol-substituted carbonyl ylides whose reactions with sulfur ylides enable an unprecedented formal [4+2] cycloaddition. The resulting multifunctionalized indolizidinones, which incorporate sulfur, are formed in good yields under mild reaction conditions. The uniqueness of this transformation stems from the role of the silyl-protected enol, since the corresponding acetyldiazoimide failed to provide any cross-products in metal-catalyzed reactions with sulfur ylides. This copper-catalyzed cycloaddition is initiated with the generation of enol-substituted carbonyl ylides and sulfur ylides from enoldiazoimides and sulfonium salts, respectively, and proceeds through stepwise six-membered ring formation, C-O and C-S bond cleavage, and silyl and acetyl group migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Lynée A Massey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Brook S Willett
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Yongming Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.,Current address: Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101, USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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32
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Scherpf T, Schwarz C, Scharf LT, Zur JA, Helbig A, Gessner VH. Ylide-Functionalized Phosphines: Strong Donor Ligands for Homogeneous Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12859-12864. [PMID: 29862622 PMCID: PMC6174943 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphines are important ligands in homogenous catalysis and have been crucial for many advances, such as in cross‐coupling, hydrofunctionalization, or hydrogenation reactions. Herein we report the synthesis and application of a novel class of phosphines bearing ylide substituents. These phosphines are easily accessible via different synthetic routes from commercially available starting materials. Owing to the extra donation from the ylide group to the phosphorus center the ligands are unusually electron‐rich and can thus function as strong electron donors. The donor capacity surpasses that of commonly used phosphines and carbenes and can easily be tuned by changing the substitution pattern at the ylidic carbon atom. The huge potential of ylide‐functionalized phosphines in catalysis is demonstrated by their use in gold catalysis. Excellent performance at low catalyst loadings under mild reaction conditions is thus seen in different types of transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Scherpf
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Schwarz
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lennart T Scharf
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jana-Alina Zur
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Helbig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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33
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Abstract
The use of readily accessible ammonium ylides for (asymmetric) transformations, especially cyclization reactions, has received considerable attention over the past two decades. A variety of highly enantioselective protocols to facilitate annulation reactions have recently been introduced as an alternative to other common methods including S-ylide-mediated strategies. It is the intention of this short review to provide an introduction to this field by highlighting the potential of ammonium ylides for (asymmetric) cyclization reactions as well as to present the limitations and challenges of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - Katharina Zielke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz (Austria)
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34
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Mondal M, Chen S, Kerrigan NJ. Recent Developments in Vinylsulfonium and Vinylsulfoxonium Salt Chemistry. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040738. [PMID: 29570624 PMCID: PMC6017177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes advances in the literature since 2000 in the area of reactions of vinylsulfonium and vinylsulfoxonium salts, with a particular emphasis on stereoselective examples. Although the chemistry of vinylsulfonium salts was first explored back in the 1950s, and that of vinylsulfoxonium salts in the early 1970s, there has been renewed interest in these compounds since the turn of the century. This has been largely due to an increased appreciation for the many synthetic possibilities associated with these valuable electrophiles. The development of improved routes to vinylsulfonium salts allowing for their in situ generation has played a part in accelerating their study. In general, reactions of the two sulfur salt classes follow a similar mechanistic pathway: initial conjugate addition of a nucleophile to the β-position, followed by protonation of an ylide intermediate, and cyclization of tethered anion to afford monocyclic or bicyclic product (e.g., cyclopropane, aziridine, oxazole, oxazolidinone, γ-lactam or γ-lactone). Alternatively, reactions involve formation of an ylide intermediate followed by intramolecular Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky reaction (epoxidation or cyclopropanation), and subsequent cyclization to afford the desired bicyclic product (e.g., fused bicyclic epoxide or cyclopropane).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukulesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 40309, USA.
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 40309, USA.
| | - Nessan J Kerrigan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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35
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Feng B, Chen JR, Yang YF, Lu B, Xiao WJ. A Highly Enantioselective Copper/Phosphoramidite-Thioether-Catalyzed Diastereodivergent 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides and Nitroalkenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:1714-1719. [PMID: 29211314 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the plethora of catalytic systems that enable access to any enantiomers of the chiral products by simply choosing between a pair of enantiomeric or pseudoenantiomeric chiral catalysts, few analogously effective protocols exist for the synthesis of compounds bearing multiple stereogenic centers with full control of the absolute and relative stereochemical configurations. Here, we report the application of our previously developed modular phosphoramidite-thioether ligands for the copper-catalyzed diastereodivergent asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides and nitroalkenes. Our catalytic system enables wide substrate scope, great stereochemical control, and high reaction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Bin Lu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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36
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Deng Y, Massey LA, Rodriguez Núñez YA, Arman H, Doyle MP. Catalytic Divergent [3+3]- and [3+2]-Cycloaddition by Discrimination Between Diazo Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12292-12296. [PMID: 28759139 PMCID: PMC5660928 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Highly selective divergent cycloaddition reactions of enoldiazo compounds and α-diazocarboximides catalyzed by copper(I) or dirhodium(II) have been developed. With tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate as the catalyst epoxypyrrolo[1,2-a]azepine derivatives were prepared in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities through the first reported [3+3]-cycloaddition of a carbonyl ylide. Use of Rh2 (pfb)4 or Rh2 (esp)2 directs the reactants to regioselective [3+2]-cycloaddition generating cyclopenta[2,3]pyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazoles with good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Lynée A Massey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Yeray A Rodriguez Núñez
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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37
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Barday M, Janot C, Halcovitch NR, Muir J, Aïssa C. Cross-Coupling of α-Carbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylides with C-H Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13117-13121. [PMID: 28853234 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of carbon-hydrogen bonds in non-nucleophilic substrates using α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides has not been so far investigated, despite the potential safety advantages that such reagents would provide over either diazo compounds or their in situ precursors. Described herein are the cross-coupling reactions of sulfoxonium ylides with C(sp2 )-H bonds of arenes and heteroarenes in the presence of a rhodium catalyst. The reaction proceeds by a succession of C-H activation, migratory insertion of the ylide into the carbon-metal bond, and protodemetalation, the last step being turnover-limiting. The method is applied to the synthesis of benz[c]acridines when allied to an iridium-catalyzed dehydrative cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Barday
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Christopher Janot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Nathan R Halcovitch
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - James Muir
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Silk Road Business Park, Charter Way, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Christophe Aïssa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
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38
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Xu B, Tambar UK. Copper-Catalyzed Enantio-, Diastereo-, and Regioselective [2,3]-Rearrangements of Iodonium Ylides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9868-9871. [PMID: 28600841 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The first highly enantioselective, diastereoselective, and regioselective [2,3]-rearrangement of iodonium ylides has been developed as a general solution to catalytic onium ylide rearrangements. In the presence of a chiral copper catalyst, substituted allylic iodides couple with α-diazoesters to generate metal-coordinated iodonium ylides, which undergo [2,3]-rearrangements with high selectivities (up to >95:5 r.r., up to >95:5 d.r., and up to 97 % ee). The enantioenriched iodoester products can be converted stereospecifically into a variety of onium ylide rearrangement products, as well as compounds that are not accessible by classical onium ylide rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9038, USA
| | - Uttam K Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390-9038, USA
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39
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Deng Y, Massey LA, Zavalij PY, Doyle MP. Catalytic Asymmetric [3+1]-Cycloaddition Reaction of Ylides with Electrophilic Metallo-enolcarbene Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:7479-7483. [PMID: 28493594 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The first asymmetric [3+1]-cycloaddition was successfully achieved by copper(I) triflate/double-sidearmed bisoxazoline complex catalyzed reactions of β-triisopropylsilyl-substituted enoldiazo compounds with sulfur ylides. This methodology delivered a series of chiral cyclobutenes in good yields with high enantio- and diastereoselectivities (up to 99 % ee, and >20:1 d.r.). Additionally, the [3+1]-cycloaddition of catalytically generated metallo-enolcarbenes was successfully extended to reaction with a stable benzylidene dichlororuthenium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Lynée A Massey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Peter Y Zavalij
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
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40
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Troadec T, Wasano T, Lenk R, Baceiredo A, Saffon-Merceron N, Hashizume D, Saito Y, Nakata N, Branchadell V, Kato T. Donor-Stabilized Silylene/Phosphine-Supported Carbon(0) Center with High Electron Density. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6891-6895. [PMID: 28474846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An isolable donor-stabilized silavinylidene phosphorane was synthesized. This molecule, which can also be regarded as a new carbon(0) complex featuring a phosphine and a donor-stabilized silylene ligand, presents a central carbon atom with a remarkably high electron density (-1.82). Furthermore, the experimental electron-density study of this compound demonstrates the delocalization of the σ-lone pair at the central carbon atom toward the silicon center, a feature which is remarkably different from electronic situation of other bent-allene-type molecules. This result clearly demonstrates the powerful electron-donating ability of donor-stabilized silylene ligands, as well as their excellent electron-acceptor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Troadec
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Tatsuya Wasano
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Romaric Lenk
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, ICT FR2599, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Materials Characterization Support Unit, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yosuke Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Departament, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Norio Nakata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Departament, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 31062, Toulouse, France
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41
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Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations have been carried out to study the electronic structure of metalated ylides particularly in comparison to their neutral analogues, the bisylides. A series of compounds of the general composition Ph3 P-C-L with L being either a neutral or an anionic ligand were analyzed and the impact of the nature of the substituent L and the total charge on the electronics and bonding situation was studied. The charge at the carbon atom as well as the dissociation energies, bond lengths, and Wiberg bond indices strongly depend on the nature of L. Here, not only the charge of the ligand but also the position of the charge within the ligand backbone plays an important role. Independent of the substitution pattern, the NBO analysis reveals the preference of unsymmetrical bonding situations (P=C-L or P-C=L) for almost all compounds. However, Lewis structures with two lone-pair orbitals at the central carbon atom are equally valid for the description of the bonding situation. This is confirmed by the pronounced lone-pair character of the frontier orbitals. Energy decomposition analysis mostly reveals the preference of several bonding situations, mostly with dative and ylidic electron-sharing bonds (e.g., P→C- -L). In general, the anionic systems show a higher preference of the ylidic bonding situations compared to the neutral analogues. However, in most of the cases different resonance structures have to be considered for the description of the "real" bonding situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart T. Scharf
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie IIRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse35032MarburgGermany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse35032MarburgGermany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie IIRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
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42
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Meisinger N, Roiser L, Monkowius U, Himmelsbach M, Robiette R, Waser M. Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans by a [4+1] Annulation Between Ammonium Ylides and In Situ Generated o-Quinone Methides. Chemistry 2017; 23:5137-5142. [PMID: 28165173 PMCID: PMC5419452 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective [4+1] annulation between in situ generated ammonium ylides and o‐quinone methides for the synthesis of a variety of 2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans has been developed. The key factors controlling the reactivity and stereoselectivity were systematically investigated by experimental and computational means and the energy profiles obtained provide a deeper insight into the mechanistic details of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Meisinger
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Lukas Roiser
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Markus Himmelsbach
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mario Waser
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
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43
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De Luca L, Chiminazzo A, Sperni L, Strukul G, Scarso A. Pyrrolidine-Containing Bisphosphonates as Potential Anti-Resorption Bone Drugs. Chemistry 2017; 23:3474-3478. [PMID: 28181705 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates, particularly those with N-substituted groups, are currently the most popular drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, their chemical structures are still rather simple and new synthetic methods are needed to expand their molecular complexity and also improve their specificity of action towards other targets as anticancer, antibacterial, and antimalarial drugs. Herein, we report a new class of potential antiresorption bisphosphonate drugs that have a pyrrolidine unit with different substituents, obtained through a simple dipolar cycloaddition reaction between azomethine ylides and vinylidenebisphosphonate derivatives as precursors. The methodology led to the efficient preparation of a wide range of (1-methylpyrrolidine-3,3-diyl)bis(phosphonic esters) derivatives with different substituents in position 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Andrea Chiminazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Laura Sperni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Giorgio Strukul
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scarso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, via Torino 155, 30170, Venezia Mestre, Italy
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44
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Tyagi V, Sreenilayam G, Bajaj P, Tinoco A, Fasan R. Biocatalytic Synthesis of Allylic and Allenyl Sulfides through a Myoglobin-Catalyzed Doyle-Kirmse Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13562-13566. [PMID: 27647732 PMCID: PMC5189672 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a biocatalytic [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement reaction involving allylic sulfides and diazo reagents (Doyle-Kirmse reaction) is reported. Engineered variants of sperm whale myoglobin catalyze this synthetically valuable C-C bond-forming transformation with high efficiency and product conversions across a variety of sulfide substrates (e.g., aryl-, benzyl-, and alkyl-substituted allylic sulfides) and α-diazo esters. Moreover, the scope of this myoglobin-mediated transformation could be extended to the conversion of propargylic sulfides to give substituted allenes. Active-site mutations proved effective in enhancing the catalytic efficiency of the hemoprotein in these reactions as well as modulating the enantioselectivity, resulting in the identification of the myoglobin variant Mb(L29S,H64V,V68F), which is capable of mediating asymmetric Doyle-Kirmse reactions with an enantiomeric excess up to 71 %. This work extends the toolbox of currently available biocatalytic strategies for the asymmetric formation of carbon-carbon bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | | | - Priyanka Bajaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Antonio Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
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45
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Novacek J, Roiser L, Zielke K, Robiette R, Waser M. Towards a General Understanding of Carbonyl-Stabilised Ammonium Ylide-Mediated Epoxidation Reactions. Chemistry 2016; 22:11422-8. [PMID: 27381752 PMCID: PMC5066843 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The key factors for carbonyl-stabilised ammonium ylide-mediated epoxidation reactions were systematically investigated by experimental and computational means and the hereby obtained energy profiles provide explanations for the observed experimental results. In addition, we were able to identify the first tertiary amine-based chiral auxiliary that allows for high enantioselectivities and high yields for such epoxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Novacek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Lukas Roiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Katharina Zielke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria.
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46
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Zhu J, Liu Y, Shen Q. Direct Difluoromethylation of Alcohols with an Electrophilic Difluoromethylated Sulfonium Ylide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:9050-4. [PMID: 27312192 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201603166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A general method for the formation of alkyl difluoromethylethers under mild reaction conditions and with good functional-group tolerance was developed. The development of the method was based on the invention of a stable, electrophilic, difluoromethylating reagent, difluoromethyl-(4-nitrophenyl)-bis(carbomethoxy) methylide sulfonium ylide, which was synthesized by reaction of the easily available 4-nitrophenyl (difluoromethyl)thioether and dimethyl diazomalonate in the presence of a rhodium catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yafei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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47
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Abstract
A high yielding synthesis of stilbene oxides using ammonium ylides has been developed. It turned out that the amine leaving group plays a crucial role as trimethylamine gives higher yields than DABCO or quinuclidine. The amine group also influences the diastereoselectivity, and detailed DFT calculations to understand the key parameters of these reactions have been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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48
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Cheng QQ, Yedoyan J, Arman H, Doyle MP. Dirhodium(II)-Catalyzed Annulation of Enoldiazoacetamides with α-Diazoketones: An Efficient and Highly Selective Approach to Fused and Bridged Ring Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5573-6. [PMID: 27006138 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A dirhodium(II)-catalyzed annulation reaction between two structurally different diazocarbonyl compounds furnishes the donor-acceptor cyclopropane-fused benzoxa[3.2.1]octane scaffold with excellent chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselectivity under exceptionally mild conditions. The composite transformation occurs by [3+2]-cycloaddition between donor-acceptor cyclopropenes generated from enoldiazoacetamides and carbonyl ylides formed from intramolecular carbene-carbonyl cyclization in one pot with one catalyst. The annulation products can be readily transformed into benzoxa[3.3.1]nonane and hexahydronaphthofuran derivatives with exact stereocontrol. This method allows the efficient construction of three fused and bridged ring systems, all of which are important skeletons of numerous biologically active natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Julietta Yedoyan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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49
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Ponce A, Alonso I, Adrio J, Carretero JC. Stereoselective Ag-Catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Activated Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Azomethine Ylides. Chemistry 2016; 22:4952-9. [PMID: 26894281 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A silver-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of fluorinated azomethine ylides and activated olefins is reported. The reaction offers a straightforward and atom-economical procedure for the preparation of fluorinated pyrrolidines. Broad scope and high levels of diastereoselectivity have been achieved simply by using AgOAc/PPh3 as the catalyst system. The high efficiency of the cycloaddition relies on the presence of a metal-coordinating group on the imine moiety, such as an ester or heteroaryl group. The asymmetric version of the cycloaddition has been developed by using Taniaphos as a chiral ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ponce
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Adrio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan C Carretero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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50
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Li Y, Mellerup SK, Sauriol F, Schatte G, Wang S. Unusual Fragmentation and Transformation of an N-Heterocyclic Carbene by a Stable Phosphonium-Borane peri-Functionalized Naphthalene. Chemistry 2016; 22:2473-80. [PMID: 26762201 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A 1-phosphonium-8-borane-decorated naphthalene molecule 2 has been found to react with N,N'-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMe), a popular member of the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) family, which converts it into two vinyl-amine fragments one of which is trapped between the phosphonium and borane unit by the formation of a C-C and a B-N bond. The same reactivity was not observed for larger NHC molecules. Control experiments and mechanistic studies have established the involvement of an ylide-borane molecule and an imidazolium salt in addition to IMe carbene in this new transformation of an NHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Soren K Mellerup
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Francoise Sauriol
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gabriele Schatte
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada. , , .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, P.R. China. , ,
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