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Jörges M, Gauld RM, Steinert H, Kelling L, Swamy VSVSN, Kroll A, Mallick B, Gessner VH. Thiophosphinoyl-Tethered Ylide-Substituted Heavier Carbenes: Synthesis, Structures and Stabilities. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203863. [PMID: 36772849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure analysis of a series of mono and diylide-substituted tetrylenes of type YEX and Y2 E (E=Ge, Sn, Pb; X=Cl or Br) using a thiophosphinoyl-tethered metallated ylide (Y=Ph2 P(S)-C-P(pip)Ph2 with pip=piperidyl) is reported, amongst the first ylide-substituted plumbylenes. The tetrylenes feature distinct trends in the spectroscopic and structural properties of the ylide ligand with increasing atomic number of the tetrel element. For instance, an increasingly high-field shifted signal for the thiophosphinoyl group is observed in the 31 P{1 H} NMR spectrum as a consequence of the increasing polarity of the element-carbon bond, which likewise results in a shortening of the ylidic C-P bond in the solid-state structure. The diylidyltetrylenes are unstable towards transylidation forming the mono(ylide)tetrylenes when treated with the tetrel dihalides according to the stability trend: Y2 Pb<Y2 Sn<Y2 Ge<YPbBr<YSnCl<YGeCl. Starting from the monoylide-substituted chlorotertrylenes the first unsymmetrical diylidyltetrylenes of type YEY' can be accessed, whose solid-state structures revealed that not the C-E but the S-E bond to the thiophosphinoyl group is most affected by the second ylide substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Jörges
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Richard M Gauld
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Henning Steinert
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Leif Kelling
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - V S V S N Swamy
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Kroll
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bert Mallick
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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Rodstein I, Kelling L, Löffler J, Scherpf T, Sarbajna A, Andrada DM, Gessner VH. Formation of exceptional monomeric YPhos-PdCl 2 complexes with high activities in coupling reactions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13552-13562. [PMID: 36507159 PMCID: PMC9683020 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04523k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of well-defined palladium(ii) complexes as precatalysts for C-X cross-coupling reactions has improved the use of palladium catalysts in organic synthesis including large-scale processes. Whereas sophisticated Pd(ii) precursors have been developed in the past years to facilitate catalyst activation as well as the handling of systems with more advanced monophosphine ligands, we herein report that simple PdCl2 complexes function as efficient precatalysts for ylide-substituted phosphines (YPhos). These complexes are readily synthesized from PdCl2 sources and form unprecedented monomeric PdCl2 complexes without the need for any additional coligand. Instead, these structures are stabilized through a unique bonding motif, in which the YPhos ligands bind to the metal through the adjacent phosphine and ylidic carbon site. DFT calculations showed that these bonds are both dative interactions with the stronger interaction originating from the electron-rich phosphine donor. This bonding mode leads to a remarkable stability even towards air and moisture. Nonetheless, the complexes readily form monoligated LPd(0) complexes and thus the active palladium(0) species in coupling reactions. Accordingly, the YPhos-PdCl2 complexes serve as highly efficient precatalysts for a series of C-C and C-X coupling reactions. Despite their simplicity they can compete with the efficiency of more complex and less stable precatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Rodstein
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801 BochumGermany
| | - Leif Kelling
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801 BochumGermany
| | - Julian Löffler
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801 BochumGermany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801 BochumGermany
| | - Abir Sarbajna
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801 BochumGermany
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- General and Inorganic Chemistry Department, University of SaarlandCampus C4.166123 SaarbrueckenGermany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801 BochumGermany
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Jörges M, Kroll A, Kelling L, Gauld R, Mallick B, Huber SM, Gessner VH. Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures of a Thiophosphinoyl- and Amino-Substituted Metallated Ylide. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:1088. [PMID: 34726843 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Invited for this month's cover is the group of Viktoria H. Gessner at the Ruhr-University in Bochum (Germany). The cover shows the structure of the newly reported, isolated metallated ylide. Due to the high negative charge at the ylidic carbon center this compound is "on fire", but can be stabilized by smart molecular design. Structure analyses of the different alkali metal complexes combined with computational studies provide insights into the electronic structure of the compounds Read the full text of their Communication at 10.1002/open.202100178.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Jörges
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Kroll
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Leif Kelling
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Richard Gauld
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bert Mallick
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan M Huber
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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Jörges M, Kroll A, Kelling L, Gauld R, Mallick B, Huber SM, Gessner VH. Front Cover: Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures of a Thiophosphinoyl‐ and Amino‐Substituted Metallated Ylide (ChemistryOpen 11/2021). Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/open.202100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Jörges
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Alexander Kroll
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Leif Kelling
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Richard Gauld
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Bert Mallick
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Stefan M. Huber
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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Jörges M, Kroll A, Kelling L, Gauld R, Mallick B, Huber SM, Gessner VH. Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structures of a Thiophosphinoyl- and Amino-Substituted Metallated Ylide. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:1089-1094. [PMID: 34569718 PMCID: PMC8562316 DOI: 10.1002/open.202100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Metallated ylides have revealed themselves to be versatile reagents for the introduction of ylide groups. Herein, we report the synthesis of the thiophosphinoyl and piperidyl (Pip) substituted α-metallated ylide [Ph2 (Pip)P=C-P(S)Ph2 ]M (M=Li, Na, K) through a four-step synthetic procedure starting from diphenylmethylphosphine sulfide. Metallation of the ylide intermediate was successfully accomplished with different alkali metal bases delivering the lithium, sodium and potassium salts, the latter isolable in high yields. Structure analyses of the lithium and potassium compounds in the solid state with and without crown ether revealed different aggregates (monomer, dimer and hexamer) with the metals coordinated by the thiophosphoryl moiety and ylidic carbon atom. Although the piperidyl group does not coordinate to the metal, it significantly contributes to the stability of the yldiide by charge delocalization through negative hyperconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Jörges
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Alexander Kroll
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Leif Kelling
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Richard Gauld
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Bert Mallick
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Stefan M. Huber
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstraße 15044801BochumGermany
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