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Joven-Sancho D, Baya M, Martín A, Orduna J, Menjón B. The CF 3 Group as a Synthon of the CF + Unit in Palladium Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202403108. [PMID: 38606604 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The homoleptic trifluoromethyl-palladium(II) complex [Pd(CF3)4]2- (1) is shown to be highly active towards amines. Thus, when treated with primary amines RNH2, it readily undergoes aminolysis of one of the CF3 ligands affording the isocyanide complexes [(CF3)3Pd(CNR)]- (R=aryl). In this process the original CF3 group undergoes total defluorination. Interestingly, the reaction of 1 with secondary amines R2NH proceeds with loss of just two F-substituents, whereby the Fischer-type fluoroaminocarbene complexes [(CF3)3Pd(CFNR2)]- are formed (R=Et, Ph). The reaction of 1 with diamines affords different [(CF3)3Pd(NHC)]- complexes containing sterically non-demanding NHC ligands. Representative examples of various topologies are reported based on the common imidazolidin-2-ylidene or benzimidazolin-2-ylidene rings as well as the expanded-ring perimidin-2-ylidene. This metal-tailored synthetic route, where a CF3 group acts as a pre-carbenic unit, is unprecedented in the vast NHC-chemistry. It takes place under very mild conditions and is envisaged to be extensible to other non-isolable NHC ligands. The key difluorocarbene intermediate [(CF3)3Pd(CF2)]- is experimentally detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Joven-Sancho
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Miguel Baya
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Jesús Orduna
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Babil Menjón
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (iSQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
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Scattolin T, Tonon G, Botter E, Guillet SG, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP. Gold(I)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Synthons in Organometallic Synthesis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301961. [PMID: 37463071 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The prominent role of gold-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes in numerous research areas such as homogeneous (photo)catalysis, medicinal chemistry and materials science has prompted organometallic chemists to design gold-based synthons that permit access to target complexes through simple synthetic steps under mild conditions. In this review, the main gold-NHC synthons employed in organometallic synthesis are discussed. Mechanistic aspects involved in their synthesis and reactivity as well as applications of gold-NHC synthons as efficient pre-catalysts, antitumor agents and/or photo-emissive materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Eleonora Botter
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Sebastien G Guillet
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Rigoulet M, Vesseur D, Miqueu K, Bourissou D. Gold(I) α‐Trifluoromethyl Carbenes: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204781. [PMID: 35466483 PMCID: PMC9323441 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aryl trifluoromethyl diazomethanes 2‐R (R=Ph, OMe, CF3) are readily decomposed by the (o‐carboranyl)diphosphine gold(I) complex 1. The resulting α‐CF3 substituted carbene complexes 3‐R have been characterized by multi‐nuclear NMR spectroscopy as well as X‐ray crystallography (for 3‐Ph). The bonding situation was thoroughly assessed by computational means, showing stabilization of the electrophilic carbene center by π‐donation from the aryl substituent and backdonation from Au, as enhanced by the chelating P^P ligand. Reactivity studies under stoichiometric and catalytic conditions substantiate typical carbene‐type behavior for 3‐Ph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Rigoulet
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - David Vesseur
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S-UPPA Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM, UMR 5254) Hélioparc, 2 Avenue du Président Angot 64053 Pau Cedex 09 France
| | - Didier Bourissou
- CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier, Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA, UMR 5069) 118 Route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09 France
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4
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Gold(I) α‐Trifluoromethyl Carbenes: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Zhou W, Pan WJ, Chen J, Zhang M, Lin JH, Cao W, Xiao JC. Transition-metal difluorocarbene complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9316-9329. [PMID: 34528952 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04029d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although transition metal carbenes have found widespread applications and difluorocarbene has served as a versatile intermediate, it is still quite challenging to make use of transition-metal difluorocarbenes in synthetic chemistry due to their unpredictable reactivities. In this Highlight, we review recent developments in the transition-metal-catalyzed or -mediated transfer of difluorocarbene and the reactivies and conversions of transition-metal difluorocarbene complexes. We start with the MCF2 bonding, then provide the progress in the transfer of difluorocarbene, and finally briefly discuss the conversions of MCF2 into other metal complexes. The understanding of the interesting reactivities of MCF2 may help design the catalytic transfer of difluorocarbene for various reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wen-Jie Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jin-Hong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Weiguo Cao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.,Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Voloshkin VA, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP. Recent advances in the synthesis and derivatization of N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12058-12068. [PMID: 34519733 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01847g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metal complexes have gained an incredible amount of attention in the course of the last two decades and have become indispensable as an intricate part of a plethora of applications. The areas of their synthesis and derivatization are constantly evolving and bring new, more sustainable, cost-effective and simpler approaches to the design of existing and next generation catalysts and materials. This article provides an overview of the latest developments, focusing on those which have appeared during the last two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav A Voloshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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