Progress in the Enantioselective Synthesis of Sulfur (VI) Compounds

Postbiotics in the Bakery Products: Applications and Nutritional Values

In recent years, the consumption of postbiotics has gained significant attention due to their potential health benefits. However, their application in the bakery industry remains underutilized. This review focuses on recent advances in the use of postbiotics, specifically the metabolites of lactic acid bacteria, in bakery products. We provide a concise overview of the multifaceted benefits of postbiotics, including their role as natural antioxidants, antimicrobials, and preservatives, and their potential to enhance product quality, extend shelf-life, and contribute to consumer welfare. This review combines information from various sources to provide a comprehensive update on recent advances in the role of postbiotics in bakery products, subsequently discussing the concept of sourdough as a leavening agent and its role in improving the nutritional profile of bakery products. We highlighted the positive effects of postbiotics on bakery items, such as improved texture, flavor, and shelf life, as well as their potential to contribute to overall health through their antioxidant properties and their impact on gut health. Overall, this review emphasizes the promising potential of postbiotics to revolutionize the bakery industry and promote healthier and more sustainable food options. The integration of postbiotics into bakery products represents a promising frontier and offers innovative possibilities to increase product quality, reduce food waste, and improve consumer health. Further research into refining techniques to incorporate postbiotics into bakery products is essential for advancing the health benefits and eco-friendly nature of these vital food items.

Strain-release driven reactivity of a chiral SuFEx reagent provides stereocontrolled access to sulfinamides, sulfonimidamides, and sulfoximines

Efforts aimed at enriching the chemical and structural diversity of small molecules have invigorated synthetic exploration in the last two decades. Spatially defined molecular functionality serves as the foundation to construct unique chemical space to further advance discovery science. The chiral SuFEx reagent t-BuSF provides a modular platform for the stereocontrolled bifunctionalization of sulfur. Here we report a third functional feature of t-BuSF enabled by carbamoyl torsional strain-release that further expands the S(IV) and S(VI) chemical space accessible as showcased in over seventy examples, multiple applications in medicinal chemistry, organocatalysis, and diversity-oriented synthesis. The methods presented herein allow for rapid asymmetric diversification around a stereodefined sulfur center with readily available building blocks, improving upon the current state-of-the-art for sulfinyl and sulfonimidoyl synthesis.

Enantioselective Sulfonimidamide Acylation via a Cinchona Alkaloid-Catalyzed Desymmetrization: Scope, Data Science, and Mechanistic Investigation

Methods to access chiral sulfur(VI) pharmacophores are of interest in medicinal and synthetic chemistry. We report the desymmetrization of unprotected sulfonimidamides via asymmetric acylation with a cinchona-phosphinate catalyst. The desired products are formed in excellent yield and enantioselectivity with no observed bis-acylation. A data-science-driven approach to substrate scope evaluation was coupled to high throughput experimentation (HTE) to facilitate statistical modeling in order to inform mechanistic studies. Reaction kinetics, catalyst structural studies, and density functional theory (DFT) transition state analysis elucidated the turnover-limiting step to be the collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate and provided key insights into the catalyst-substrate structure-activity relationships responsible for the origin of the enantioselectivity. This study offers a reliable method for accessing enantioenriched sulfonimidamides to propel their application as pharmacophores and serves as an example of the mechanistic insight that can be gleaned from integrating data science and traditional physical organic techniques.

Oxidation of N-trifluoromethylthio sulfoximines using NaOCl·5H2O

N-Trifluoromethylthio sulfoximines are biologically interesting compounds, but their potential is still poorly understood. The oxidation of N-trifluoromethylthio sulfoximines led to their corresponding sulfoxide derivatives as a new class of compounds, when using sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate (NaOCl·5H2O) as a green and relatively unexplored reagent. The reactions took place with a small excess of oxidant under environmentally friendly conditions in EtOAc for 16 h at room temperature. Noteworthy distinctions of this transformation are the simplicity, high selectivity, energy and cost efficiency, minimal amounts of non-hazardous waste, isolation of most of the products without the additional need for chromatographic purification, and simple scalability to gram reactions without deterioration of the yield. The reaction exhibited excellent green chemistry metrics with high atom economy (82.0%), actual atom economy (79.5%), reaction mass efficiency (79.7%), E-factor (16.48) and a very high EcoScale score (84.5). Competitive experiments demonstrated that electron-rich substrates are more reactive than their electron-poor counterparts. Furthermore, the Suzuki-Miyaura functionalization of N-trifluoromethylsulfaneylidene sulfoximine could be achieved depending on the conditions, resulting in coupling products with or without an introduced sulfoxide moiety. Sonogashira coupling of N-trifluoromethylsulfaneylidene sulfoximine furnished the expected acetylene derivative in high yield, and the reaction conditions are compatible with the newly introduced sulfaneylidene functionality. Bromine and nickel catalysts were also shown to be deprotecting agents of the sulfoxide group. A selected N-trifluoromethylsulfaneylidene sulfoximine demonstrated its stability in water in the presence of air and in dilute hydrochloric acid, while it converted back to the parent sulfoximine under basic conditions.