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Balakirouchenane D, Vasseur A, Bonnet-Serrano F, Choi M, Khoudour N, Puszkiel A, Groussin L, Vidal M, Declèves X, Bertherat J, Blanchet B. LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of osilodrostat and metyrapone in human plasma from patients treated for Cushing's Syndrome. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 228:115316. [PMID: 36868030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis inhibitors such as metyrapone (MTP) and osilodrostat (ODT) have a key role in the medical treatment of endogenous Cushing's Syndrome (ECS). Both drugs are characterized by a high inter-individual variability of response and require a dose-titration period to achieve optimal control of cortisol excess. However, PK/PD data remain scarce for both molecules and a pharmacokinetically guided approach could help reaching eucortisolism more rapidly. We aimed to develop and validate a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of ODT and MTP in human plasma. After addition of isotopically labeled internal standard (IS), plasma pretreatment consisted in protein precipitation with acetonitrile including 1% formic acid (v/v). Chromatographic separation was performed on Kinetex® HILIC (4.6 × 50 mm; 2.6 µm) analytical column with an isocratic elution during the 2.0-min run time. The method was linear from 0.5 to 250 ng/mL for ODT and from 2.5 to 1250 ng/mL for MTP. Intra- and inter-assay precisions were < 7.2%, with an accuracy ranging from 95.9% to 114.9%. The IS-normalized matrix effect ranged from 106.0% to 123.0% (ODT) and from 107.0% to 123.0% (MTP) and the range of the IS-normalized extraction recovery was 84.0-101.0% for ODT and 87.0-101.0% for MTP. The LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied in patients' plasma samples (n = 36), trough concentration of ODT and MTP ranged from 2.7 ng/mL to 8.2 ng/mL and from 10.8 ng/mL to 27.8 ng/mL, respectively. Incurred sample reanalysis exhibits less than 14% difference between the first and the second analysis for both drugs. This accurate and precise method, meeting all validation criteria, can therefore be used for plasma drug monitoring of ODT and MTP within the dose-titration period.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Balakirouchenane
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacochemistry, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, CARPEM, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, UMR8038 CNRS, U1268 INSERM, Faculty of Pharmacy, CARPEM, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Axelle Vasseur
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacochemistry, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, CARPEM, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Fidéline Bonnet-Serrano
- Hormonal Biology Laboratory, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Minna Choi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacochemistry, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, CARPEM, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Nihel Khoudour
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacochemistry, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, CARPEM, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Alicja Puszkiel
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacochemistry, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, CARPEM, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1144, Faculty of Pharmacy, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Lionel Groussin
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, 75006 Paris, France; Department of Endocrinology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Michel Vidal
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacochemistry, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, CARPEM, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, UMR8038 CNRS, U1268 INSERM, Faculty of Pharmacy, CARPEM, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Declèves
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacochemistry, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, CARPEM, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1144, Faculty of Pharmacy, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, 75006 Paris, France; Department of Endocrinology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Blanchet
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacochemistry, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, CARPEM, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, UMR8038 CNRS, U1268 INSERM, Faculty of Pharmacy, CARPEM, 75006 Paris, France
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da Silva JJ, da Silva BF, Zanoni MVB, Stradiotto NR. Sample preparation and antibiotic quantification in vinasse generated from sugarcane ethanol fuel production. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1666:462833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Enantioseparation of chiral pharmaceuticals in biomedical and environmental analyses by liquid chromatography: An overview. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 968:8-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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León-González ME, Rosales-Conrado N, Pérez-Arribas LV, Guillén-Casla V. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography for direct chiral separations: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:59-83. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia León-González
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; E-28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Noelia Rosales-Conrado
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; E-28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Vicente Pérez-Arribas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; E-28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Vanesa Guillén-Casla
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry; Complutense University of Madrid; E-28040 Madrid Spain
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Berger ML, Hammerschmidt F, Qian R, Hahner S, Schirbel A, Stichelberger M, Schibli R, Yu J, Arion VB, Woschek A, Öhler E, Zolle IM. [(3)H]metyrapol and 4-[(131)i]iodometomidate label overlapping, but not identical, binding sites on rat adrenal membranes. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1119-30. [PMID: 23343186 DOI: 10.1021/mp3006227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metyrapone, metyrapol, and etomidate are competitive inhibitors of 11-deoxycorticosterone hydroxylation by 11β-hydroxylase. [(3)H]Metyrapol and 4-[(131)I]iodometomidate bind with high affinity to membranes prepared from bovine and rat adrenals. Here we report inhibitory potencies of several compounds structurally related to one or both of these adrenostatic drugs, against the binding of both radioligands to rat adrenal membranes. While derivatives of etomidate inhibited the binding of both radioligands with similar potencies, derivatives of metyrapone inhibited the binding of 4-[(131)I]iodometomidate about 10 times weaker than the binding of [(3)H]metyrapol. By X-ray structure analysis the absolute configuration of (+)-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1-propanol [(+)-11, a derivative of metyrapol] was established as (R). We introduce 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1-propanone (9; Ki = 6 nM), 2-(1-imidazolyl)-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone (13; 2 nM), and (R)-(+)-[1-(4-iodophenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole (34; 4 nM) as new high affinity ligands for the metyrapol binding site on 11β-hydroxylase and discuss our results in relation to a proposed active site model of 11β-hydroxylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Berger
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
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Lopes B, Barreiro J, Baraldi P, Cass Q. Quantification of carbamazepine and its active metabolite by direct injection of human milk serum using liquid chromatography tandem ion trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 889-890:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Barreiro JC, Vanzolini KL, Cass QB. Direct injection of native aqueous matrices by achiral–chiral chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry for simultaneous quantification of pantoprazole and lansoprazole enantiomers fractions. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2865-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Barreiro JC, Vanzolini KL, Madureira TV, Tiritan ME, Cass QB. A column-switching method for quantification of the enantiomers of omeprazole in native matrices of waste and estuarine water samples. Talanta 2010; 82:384-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Gomes RF, Cassiano NM, Pedrazzoli J, Cass QB. Two-dimensional chromatography method applied to the enantiomeric determination of lansoprazole in human plasma by direct sample injection. Chirality 2010; 22:35-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.20701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gasparrini F, Cancelliere G, Ciogli A, D’Acquarica I, Misiti D, Villani C. New chiral and restricted-access materials containing glycopeptides as selectors for the high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of chiral drugs in biological matrices. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1191:205-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Cass QB, Ferreira Galatti T. A method for determination of the plasma levels of modafinil enantiomers, (±)-modafinic acid and modafinil sulphone by direct human plasma injection and bidimensional achiral–chiral chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46:937-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Félix G, Campèse D. Development of a New RAM-Chiral Column for Determination of Chiral Drugs in Biological Fluids by HPLC. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Thompson R. A Practical Guide to HPLC Enantioseparations for Pharmaceutical Compounds. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-200053033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cass QB, Degani ALG, Cassiano NM. Effects on Enantioselectivity by the Use of Polysaccharide‐Based Columns by Multimodal Elution. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120022395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quezia B. Cass
- a Departmento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CP 676, São Carlos , SP , 13565‐905 , Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza G. Degani
- a Departmento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CP 676, São Carlos , SP , 13565‐905 , Brazil
| | - Neila M. Cassiano
- a Departmento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CP 676, São Carlos , SP , 13565‐905 , Brazil
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Cassiano NM, Lima VV, Oliveira RV, de Pietro AC, Cass QB. Development of restricted-access media supports and their application to the direct analysis of biological fluid samples via high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 384:1462-9. [PMID: 16800052 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A quick overview of published methods for analyzing compounds in complex biological samples reveals that the most difficult step is the clean-up or extraction of a required compound from the matrix. The strategy required to analyze exogenous compounds in biological fluids depends greatly upon the nature of the compound and upon the biomatrix. Coupled-column separation using restricted-access media as the first dimension in order to exclude macromolecules and retain micromolecules has been successfully used for a number of biological fluids. This paper presents the history of the development of restricted-access media supports and of their application to the direct injection of biological fluid samples in high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Cassiano
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Cx. Postal 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
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Oliveira RV, Cass QB. Evaluation of liquid chromatographic behavior of cephalosporin antibiotics using restricted access medium columns for on-line sample cleanup of bovine milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:1180-7. [PMID: 16478234 DOI: 10.1021/jf052455j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microsample deproteinization of bovine milk was carried out on-line using a series of restricted access medium (RAM) bovine serum albumin (BSA) columns: C8, C18, phenyl, and cyano. The four different columns prepared showed a high percentage of protein exclusion using water as the mobile phase and provided an appropriate retention profile for a series of five cephalosporin antibiotics (cefoperazone, cephacetril, cephalexin, cephapirin, and ceftiofur). Chromatographic conditions such as washing time, buffer pH, and type and percentage of organic modifier were fully evaluated with respect to the protein elution profile and retention of the antibiotic by RAM column. One of these columns was chosen to develop and validate a method for the determination of cefoperazone in bovine milk. The system used in this work was composed of a RAM-BSA phenyl column coupled to a C18 analytical column. The standard curve was linear over the range 0.100-2.50 microg/mL. The limits of quantification and detection were 0.100 and 0.050 microg/mL, respectively. The developed method showed high intermediate precision (CV of 2.37-2.63%) and accuracy (90.7-94.3%) with adequate sensitivity for drug monitoring in bovine milk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina V Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Caixa Postal 676, São Carlos, 13565-905 SP, Brazil
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Kammerer B, Kahlich R, Ufer M, Laufer S, Gleiter CH. Achiral–chiral LC/LC–MS/MS coupling for determination of chiral discrimination effects in phenprocoumon metabolism. Anal Biochem 2005; 339:297-309. [PMID: 15797571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many physiological processes show a high degree of stereoselectivity, including the metabolism of xenobiotics as catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes. An analysis of these chiral discrimination effects in drug metabolism is essential for an in-depth understanding of metabolic pathways that differ between enantiomers of a given chiral drug or metabolite thereof. Achiral chromatographic separation and structural identification followed by chiral analysis of metabolites from blood specimens usually requires a time-consuming multistage analytical technique. In an effort to optimize such a complicated analytical scheme, a novel two-dimensional online achiral-chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/LC-MS/MS) coupling method was developed by using a peak parking technique in combination with a makeup flow system. Metabolites were separated in the first dimension using a C18 reversed-phase system. A makeup eluent of water/methanol (95/5) was split into the flow before storing the metabolites separately on chiral cartridges. Subsequently, the metabolite enantiomers were eluted backward onto the analytical chiral column and separated, and the ratio of enantiomers was determined. The method was successfully validated with respect to limit of detection, linearity, intra- and interday accuracy, and precision. In the course of a human volunteer study investigating the influence of CYP (cytochrome) 2C9 genetic polymorphism on phenprocoumon (PPC) metabolism, we used this new two-dimensional online analytical technique for the analysis of PPC metabolites in plasma. The enantiomeric forms of 4'-, 6-, and 7-hydroxy-PPC metabolites as well as two novel metabolites were identified, and the ratio of the enantiomers was calculated. We found that the enantiomeric ratio for the different metabolites in the plasma sample of each measured individual differs markedly from a nearly 100% chiral discrimination for the two new putative metabolites. This new analytical coupling method possesses general utility in the analysis of chiral discrimination effects, particularly as it relates to pharmacokinetics and dynamics, a scientific field that is rapidly becoming an area of concern and interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kammerer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Cass QB, Lima VV, Oliveira RV, Cassiano NM, Degani ALG, Pedrazzoli J. Enantiomeric determination of the plasma levels of omeprazole by direct plasma injection using high-performance liquid chromatography with achiral-chiral column-switching. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 798:275-81. [PMID: 14643507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A direct injection high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, with column-switching, for the determination of omeprazole enantiomers in human plasma is described. A restricted access media (RAM) of bovine serum albumin (BSA) octyl column has been used in the first dimension for separation of the analyte from the biological matrix. The omeprazole enantiomers were eluted from the RAM column onto an amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral column by the use of a column-switching valve and the enantioseparation was performed using acetonitrile-water (60:40 v/v) as eluent. The analytes were detected by their UV absorbance at 302 nm. The validated method was applied to the analysis of the plasma samples obtained from 10 Brazilian volunteers who received a 40 mg oral dose of racemic omeprazole and was able to quantify the enantiomers of omeprazole in the clinical samples analyzed. The assay was able to determine the cytochrome P450 2C19 phenotype of the subjects participating in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q B Cass
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos13565-905, SP, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Millsaps College, 1701 North State Street, Box 150306, Jackson, Mississippi 39210, USA.
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Abstract
The introduction of novel, powerful and rapid multidimensional separation and characterization methods has produced revolutionary global changes at the genome, proteome and metabolome level, bringing about a radical transition in our views of living systems, at the molecular level. The age of proteomics and metabolomics demands high-resolution multidimensional separation techniques. Multidimensional gas and liquid chromatography techniques, in addition to capillary and microchip electrophoresis methods, offer increased resolution and sensitivity, while also affording adequate throughput and reproducibility to meet the demands of the modern pharmaceutical industry. Coupled with MS, these techniques provide not only separation but also reliable identification of the sample components. The resolving power of these methods has proved to be superior over individual one-dimensional approaches, enabling the comprehensive separation of complex biological mixtures, with excellent resolution and reproducibility. High capacity computer systems that are capable of rigorous qualitative and quantitative analysis of the separation profiles allow the establishment and mining of large databases. Examples of various modern multidimensional separation techniques, and their integration with MS, are reviewed, here, with respect to pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Guttman
- Diversa Corp, 4955 Directors Pl, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Kostiainen R, Kotiaho T, Kuuranne T, Auriola S. Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization-mass spectrometry in drug metabolism studies. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:357-372. [PMID: 12717747 DOI: 10.1002/jms.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The study of the metabolic fate of drugs is an essential and important part of the drug development process. The analysis of metabolites is a challenging task and several different analytical methods have been used in these studies. However, after the introduction of the atmospheric pressure ionization (API) technique, electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has become an important and widely used method in the analysis of metabolites owing to its superior specificity, sensitivity and efficiency. In this paper the feasibility of LC/API-MS techniques in the identification, structure characterization and quantitation of drug metabolites is reviewed. Sample preparation, LC techniques, isotope labeling, suitability of different MS techniques, such as tandem mass spectrometry, and high-resolution MS in drug metabolite analysis, are summarized and discussed. Automation of data acquisition and interpretation, special techniques and possible future trends are also the topics of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kostiainen
- Viikki Drug Discovery Technology Center, Department of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Cass QB, Gomes RF, Calafatti SA, Pedrazolli Júnior J. Determination of amoxycillin in human plasma by direct injection and coupled-column high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2003; 987:235-41. [PMID: 12613817 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the use of multidimensional HPLC by coupling a restricted access medium (RAM) bovine serum albumin (BSA) octadecyl column (100 x 4.6 mm I.D., 10 microm particle size and 120 A pore size) to an octadecyl Hypersil column (150 x 4.6 mm I.D., 5 microm particle size and 120 A pore size) to the analysis of amoxycillin in human plasma by direct injection. Ion pairing was necessary to extract amoxycillin with good recovery from the plasma proteins. To prepare the spiked samples, aliquots (60 microl) of the appropriated standard solutions were added to each culture tube containing an 180 microl of plasma and a solution of 0.30 mM tetrabuthylammonium phosphate (60 microl). They were vortexed for 15 s and then 290 microl were transferred to autosampler vials. Aliquots (250 microl) of the spiked plasma samples were injected to a column-switching HPLC system. An analysis time of 25 min with no time spent on sample preparation was achieved. The developed method showed good selectivity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision for direct analysis of this polar low wavelength ultraviolet absorption antibiotic using only 180 microl of human plasma. The validated method proved to be reliable and sensitive for the determination of amoxycillin in plasma samples of five healthy volunteers to whom test and reference formulations were administered as an oral dose (500 mg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Q B Cass
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Cx Postal 676, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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