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Tayebati H, Pajoum Shariati F, Soltani N, Sepasi Tehrani H. Effect of various light spectra on amino acids and pigment production of Arthrospira platensis using flat-plate photobioreactor. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021:1-12. [PMID: 34289777 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1941102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Today, the use of nutrients derived from natural bioactive compounds application in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries is on the increase. This paper aimed to evaluate the amino acids profile (essential and non-essential) and pigments composition (chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and phycocyanin) of Arthrospira platensis (a blue-green microalga) cultivation in a flat-plate photobioreactor under various types of light-emitting diodes (red: 620-680 nm, white: 380-780 nm, yellow: 570-600nm, blue: 445-480 nm). The maximum biomass concentration (604.96 mg L-1) occurred when the red LED was applied for cultivation, and the minimum biomass concentration (279.39 mg L-1) was obtained under blue LED. The sequence of pigments and amino acids concentrations (mg L-1culture volume) was approximately in accordance with the biomass productivity. It means the red light produces the maximum concentration of pigments (chlorophyll a: 5.42, carotenoids: 2.92, phycocyanin: 67.54 mg L-1) and amino acids (essential amino acids: 110.47, nonessential amino acids: 179.10 mg L-1). Nevertheless, when these values were measured in mg per g of dry weight, the utmost contents were observed in microalgal products cultivated under blue LED. These consequences are due to the highest cell productivity and the most extended length of cells that occurred under red and blue LEDs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Tayebati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Pajoum Shariati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Soltani
- Department of Petroleum Microbiology, Institute of Applied Science, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hessam Sepasi Tehrani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Al-Saman MA, Doleib NM, Ibrahim MR, Nasr MY, Tayel AA, Hamouda RA. In vitro and in vivo hypolipidemic properties of the aqueous extract of Spirulina platensis, cultivated in colored flasks under artificial illumination. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10366. [PMID: 33344072 PMCID: PMC7718799 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spirulina is blue-green algae that grows mainly in tropical and subtropical lakes and is commonly used due to its nutritional features including high concentrations of protein, vitamins, mineral salts, carotenoids and antioxidants. This study aimed to investigate the anti-hypercholesterolemic potential of aqueous extract of Spirulina platensis cultivated in different colored flasks under artificial illumination; in vitro and in the diet induced hypercholesterolemic Swiss albino mice. Methods Spirulina platensis was cultivated in red, blue, green and colorless Erlenmeyer flasks containing Zarrouk’s medium under aerobic conditions, with incessant illumination by artificial cool white fluorescent with light intensity of 2500 lux (35 µmol photon m−2 s−1). Chlorophyll a and total carotenoid contents were estimated using colorimetric methods, fatty acids composition was determined by GC-Mass, in vitro and in vivo anti-cholesterol assays were used in assessing the anti-hypercholesterolemia potential of obtained Spirulina cells. Results The results showed that the highest cell dry weight, chlorophyl a, and carotenoid of S. platensis were observed in colorless flasks and that the lowest values were recorded with the green colored flasks. Also, the hot water extract of S. platensis obtained from colorless flasks at a concentration of 15 mg/mL after 60 min of incubation exhibited the greatest reduction of cholesterol level. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of S. platensis methanolic extract showed 15 bioactive compounds were identified and grouped according to their chemical structures. An experimental model of hypercholesterolemic mice had been examined for impact of S. platensis individually and combined with atorvastatin drug. All S. platensis groups resulted in a remarkable decrease in plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein; and increase in high density lipoprotein. Conclusion The present study concluded that the hot aqueous extract of S. platensis developed in colorless flasks is recommended as a natural source for bioactive compounds, with anti-cholesterol and antioxidant potentialities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Al-Saman
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Nada M Doleib
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied and Industrial Science, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohamed R Ibrahim
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y Nasr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Tayel
- Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ragaa A Hamouda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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Yan C, Zhang Q, Xue S, Sun Z, Wu X, Wang Z, Lu Y, Cong W. A novel low-cost thin-film flat plate photobioreactor for microalgae cultivation. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-015-0327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Low M, Glasser D, Ming D, Hildebrandt D, Matambo T. Batch Partial Emptying and Filling To Improve the Production Rate of Algae. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Low
- School
of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2000, South Africa
| | - David Glasser
- School
of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2000, South Africa
- Material
and Process Synthesis (MaPS Engineering), University of South Africa Florida Campus, Roodepoort, Gauteng 1709, South Africa
| | - David Ming
- School
of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2000, South Africa
| | - Diane Hildebrandt
- Material
and Process Synthesis (MaPS Engineering), University of South Africa Florida Campus, Roodepoort, Gauteng 1709, South Africa
| | - Tonderayi Matambo
- Material
and Process Synthesis (MaPS Engineering), University of South Africa Florida Campus, Roodepoort, Gauteng 1709, South Africa
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Continuous cultivation of photosynthetic microorganisms: Approaches, applications and future trends. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1228-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Enhancement of immune activation activities of Spirulina maxima grown in deep-sea water. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12205-21. [PMID: 23743830 PMCID: PMC3709782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the immuno-modulatory and anticancer activities of marine algae, Spirulina maxima grown in deep-sea water (DSW), were investigated. It was found that the extract of S. maxima, cultured in DSW, effectively suppressed the expression of Bcl2 in A549 cells as well as inhibiting various human cancer cells with concentration dependency, which possibly implies that the extracts may play more important roles in controlling cancer cell growth. The secretion of cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α from human B cells was also greatly increased, compared to those of the extract grown in conventional sea-water. The growth of Human Natural Killer (NK) cells in the presence of the extracts from DSW was significantly higher (12.2 × 104 viable cells/mL) when compared to the control (1.1 × 104 viable cells/mL). Based on HPLC analysis, the increase in the biological activities of the extracts from DSW was caused by considerably high amounts of β-carotene and ascorbic acid because the DSW contained high concentrations and good ratios of several key minerals for biosynthesizing β-carotene and ascorbic acid, as well as maintaining high cell growth.
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Hu Q, Guterman H, Richmond A. A flat inclined modular photobioreactor for outdoor mass cultivation of photoautotrophs. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 51:51-60. [PMID: 18627087 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19960705)51:1<51::aid-bit6>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A flat inclined modular photobioreactor (FIMP) for mass cultivation of photoautotrophic microorganisms is described. It consists of flat glass reactors connected in cascade facing the sun with the proper tilt angles to assure maximal exposure to direct beam radiation. The optimal cell density in reference to the length of the reactor light path was evaluated, and the effect of the tilt angle on utilization of both direct beam as well as diffuse sunlight was quantitatively assessed. The mixing mode and extent were also optimized in reference to productivity of biomass. The FIMP proved very successful in supporting continuous cultures of the tested species of photoautotrophs, addressing the major criteria involved in design optimization of photobioreactors: Made of fully transparent glass, inclined toward the sun and endowed with a high surface-to-volume ratio, it combines an optimal light path with a vigorous agitation system. The maximal exposure to the culture to solar irradiance as well as the substantial control of temperature facilitate, under these conditions, a particularly high, extremely light-limited optimal cell density. The integrated effects of these growth conditions resulted in record volumetric and areal output rates of Monodus subterraneus, Anabana siamensis, and Spirulina platensis. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Hu
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurlon University of the Negey, Sede Boker 84990, Israel
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Guedes AC, Amaro HM, Malcata FX. Microalgae as sources of high added-value compounds-a brief review of recent work. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:597-613. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Chang HN, Kim NJ, Kang J, Jeong CM, Choi JDR, Fei Q, Kim BJ, Kwon S, Lee SY, Kim J. Multi-stage high cell continuous fermentation for high productivity and titer. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2010; 34:419-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-010-0485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chacón-Lee TL, González-Mariño GE. Microalgae for "Healthy" Foods-Possibilities and Challenges. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:655-675. [PMID: 33467820 DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae have the potential to become a novel source of bioactive molecules, especially for those who might wish to enhance the nutritional and functional quality of foods. Spirulina, one of the most popular microalgae, has been described by the World Health Organization as one of the greatest superfoods on earth serving as an example of the potential of microalgae. This review provides background on current and future uses of microalgae in the human diet, lists the most common species of microalgae used to this end, and describes some production methods used in research and industrial production and recovery. The review also discusses some of the difficulties so far encountered such as low productivities and recovery rates, as well as challenges in the production of compounds of interest. Many scientists and engineers in research centers around the globe are currently dedicated to solve these problems as the various capabilities of microalgae have caught the attention of the energy, environmental, and agricultural industries, we propose that the food industry should as well evaluate the potential of microalgae as a novel source of "health promoting" compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Chacón-Lee
- Authors are with the Grupo de Procesos Agroindustriales at the Faculty of Engineering at the Univ. de La Sabana, Campus Univ. Puente del Común, Km 7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía-Cundinamarca, Colombia. Direct inquiries to author González-Mariño (E-mail: )
| | - G E González-Mariño
- Authors are with the Grupo de Procesos Agroindustriales at the Faculty of Engineering at the Univ. de La Sabana, Campus Univ. Puente del Común, Km 7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía-Cundinamarca, Colombia. Direct inquiries to author González-Mariño (E-mail: )
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Gitelson A, Qiuang H, Richmond A. Photic Volume in Photobioreactors Supporting Ultrahigh Population Densities of the Photoautotroph Spirulina platensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 62:1570-3. [PMID: 16535309 PMCID: PMC1388847 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.5.1570-1573.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the photic zone and light penetration depth in cultures with ultrahigh cell densities represents a major issue in mass cultures of phytoautotrophic microorganisms grown in enclosed photobioreactors. In a study of the effect of underwater optical properties on the penetration depth of photosynthetically active radiation, the inherent optical properties of algal suspensions, i.e., absorption and scattering coefficients, as well as their apparent optical properties, i.e., the reflectance and the vertical attenuation coefficient of downwelling irradiance, were determined by using high-spectral-resolution radiometric measurements. The vertical attenuation coefficient was used to estimate quantitatively the depth of light penetration into a reactor containing an ultrahigh cell density (chlorophyll concentration, up to 300,000 mg m(sup-3)). For such a high cell density, the photic volume in the reactor was found to be extremely small; nevertheless, it differed between the blue and red light (less than 0.06 mm) and the green light (about 0.5 mm). This suggests a singular role for green light under the unique circumstances existing in ultrahigh-cell-density cultures of photoautotrophs.
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Xu L, Weathers PJ, Xiong XR, Liu CZ. Microalgal bioreactors: Challenges and opportunities. Eng Life Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200800111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Biotechnological reduction of CO2 emissions. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tredici MR. Mass Production of Microalgae: Photobioreactors. HANDBOOK OF MICROALGAL CULTURE 2003:178-214. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470995280.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Richmond A, Cheng-Wu Z. Optimization of a flat plate glass reactor for mass production of Nannochloropsis sp. outdoors. J Biotechnol 2001; 85:259-69. [PMID: 11173093 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(00)00353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between areal (g m(-2) per day) and volumetric (g l(-1) per day) productivity of Nannochloropsis sp. as affected by the light-path (ranging from 1.3 to 17.0 cm) of a vertical flat plate glass photobioreactor were elucidated. In general, the shorter the length of the light-path (LP), the smaller the areal volume and the higher the volumetric productivity. The areal productivity in relation to the light-path, in contrast, yielded an optimum curve, the highest areal productivity was obtained in a 10 cm LP reactor, which is regarded, therefore, optimal for mass production of Nannochloropsis. An attempt was made to identify criteria by which to assess the efficiency of a photobioreactor in utilizing strong incident energy. Two basic factors which relate to reactor efficiency and its cost-effectiveness have been defined as (a) the total illuminated surface required to produce a set quantity of product and (b) culture volume required to produce that quantity. As a general guide line, the lower these values are, the more efficient and cost-effective the reactor would be. An interesting feature of this analysis rests with the fact that an open raceways is as effective in productivity per illuminated area as a flat-plate reactor with an optimal light path, both cultivation systems requiring ca. 85 m(2) of illuminated surface to produce 1 kg dry cell mass of Nannochloropsis sp. per day. The difference in light utilization efficiency between the two very different production systems involves three aspects - first, the open raceway requires ca. 6 times greater volume than the 10 cm flat plate reactor to produce the same quantity of cell-mass. Second, the total ground area (i.e. including the ground area between reactors) for the vertical flat plate reactor is less than one half of that occupied by an open raceway, indicating the former is more efficient, photosynthetically, compared with the latter. Finally, the harvested cell density is close to one order of magnitude higher in the flat plate reactor, which carries economic significance. The advantage of vertical lamination of photoautotrophic cells provided by vertical plate reactors, is thereby clearly seen. The optimal population density (i.e. which results in the highest areal productivity) in the 10 cm plate reactor was obtained by a daily harvest of 10% of culture volume, yielding an annual average of ca. 12.1 g dry wt. m(-2) per day (on the basis of the overall illuminated reactor surfaces, i.e. front and back) or 240 mg l(-1) per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Richmond
- The Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The Albert Katz Department for Dryland Biotechnology, The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boker campus 84990, Israel.
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Samson R, Leduyt A. Detailed study of anaerobic digestion ofSpirulina maxima algal biomass. Biotechnol Bioeng 1986; 28:1014-23. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260280712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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