1
|
Herp D, Ridinger J, Robaa D, Shinsky SA, Schmidtkunz K, Yesiloglu TZ, Bayer T, Steimbach RR, Herbst‐Gervasoni CJ, Merz A, Romier C, Sehr P, Gunkel N, Miller AK, Christianson DW, Oehme I, Sippl W, Jung M. First Fluorescent Acetylspermidine Deacetylation Assay for HDAC10 Identifies Selective Inhibitors with Cellular Target Engagement. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200180. [PMID: 35608330 PMCID: PMC9308754 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important epigenetic regulators involved in many diseases, especially cancer. Five HDAC inhibitors have been approved for anticancer therapy and many are in clinical trials. Among the 11 zinc-dependent HDACs, HDAC10 has received relatively little attention by drug discovery campaigns, despite its involvement, e. g., in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma. This is due in part to a lack of robust enzymatic conversion assays. In contrast to the protein lysine deacetylase and deacylase activity of most other HDAC subtypes, it has recently been shown that HDAC10 has strong preferences for deacetylation of oligoamine substrates like acetyl-putrescine or -spermidine. Hence, it is also termed a polyamine deacetylase (PDAC). Here, we present the first fluorescent enzymatic conversion assay for HDAC10 using an aminocoumarin-labelled acetyl-spermidine derivative to measure its PDAC activity, which is suitable for high-throughput screening. Using this assay, we identified potent inhibitors of HDAC10-mediated spermidine deacetylation in vitro. Based on the oligoamine preference of HDAC10, we also designed inhibitors with a basic moiety in appropriate distance to the zinc binding hydroxamate that showed potent inhibition of HDAC10 with high selectivity, and we solved a HDAC10-inhibitor structure using X-ray crystallography. We could demonstrate selective cellular target engagement for HDAC10 but a lysosomal phenotype in neuroblastoma cells that was previously associated with HDAC10 inhibition was not observed. Thus, we have developed new chemical probes for HDAC10 that allow further clarification of the biological role of this enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Herp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Johannes Ridinger
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric OncologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Dina Robaa
- Institute of PharmacyMartin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg06120Halle (Saale)Halle/SaaleGermany
| | - Stephen A. Shinsky
- Roy and Diana Vagelos LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Pennsylvania231 South 34th StreetPhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104-6323USA
| | - Karin Schmidtkunz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Talha Z. Yesiloglu
- Institute of PharmacyMartin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg06120Halle (Saale)Halle/SaaleGermany
| | - Theresa Bayer
- Institute of PharmacyMartin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg06120Halle (Saale)Halle/SaaleGermany
| | | | - Corey J. Herbst‐Gervasoni
- Roy and Diana Vagelos LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Pennsylvania231 South 34th StreetPhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104-6323USA
| | - Annika Merz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2579104FreiburgGermany
| | - Christophe Romier
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSINSERMInstitut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireUMR 7104, U 125867404IllkirchFrance
- IGBMCDepartment of Integrated Structural Biology1 rue Laurent Fries, B.P. 1014267404Illkirch CedexFrance
| | - Peter Sehr
- Chemical Biology Core FacilityEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory69117HeidelbergGermany
| | - Nikolas Gunkel
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
- Cancer Drug Development GroupIm Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Aubry K. Miller
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
- Cancer Drug Development GroupIm Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos LaboratoriesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Pennsylvania231 South 34th StreetPhiladelphiaPennsylvania19104-6323USA
| | - Ina Oehme
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric OncologyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)Im Neuenheimer Feld 28069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of PharmacyMartin-Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg06120Halle (Saale)Halle/SaaleGermany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of FreiburgAlbertstraße 2579104FreiburgGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site FreiburgHugstetter Str. 5579106FreiburgGermany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of Freiburg (Germany)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
HDAC6-an Emerging Target Against Chronic Myeloid Leukemia? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020318. [PMID: 32013157 PMCID: PMC7072136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Imatinib became the standard treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) about 20 years ago, which was a major breakthrough in stabilizing the pathology and improving the quality of life of patients. However, the emergence of resistance to imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors leads researchers to characterize new therapeutic targets. Several studies have highlighted the role of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) in various pathologies, including cancer. This protein effectively intervenes in cellular activities by its primarily cytoplasmic localization. In this review, we will discuss the molecular characteristics of the HDAC6 protein, as well as its overexpression in CML leukemic stem cells, which make it a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of CML.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lernoux M, Schnekenburger M, Dicato M, Diederich M. Anti-cancer effects of naturally derived compounds targeting histone deacetylase 6-related pathways. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:337-356. [PMID: 29133216 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the epigenetic machinery, affecting multiple biological functions, represent a major hallmark enabling the development of tumors. Among epigenetic regulatory proteins, histone deacetylase (HDAC)6 has emerged as an interesting potential therapeutic target towards a variety of diseases including cancer. Accordingly, this isoenzyme regulates many vital cellular regulatory processes and pathways essential to physiological homeostasis, as well as tumor multistep transformation involving initiation, promotion, progression and metastasis. In this review, we will consequently discuss the critical implications of HDAC6 in distinct mechanisms relevant to physiological and cancerous conditions, as well as the anticancer properties of synthetic, natural and natural-derived compounds through the modulation of HDAC6-related pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Lernoux
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, Kirchberg Hospital, 9, Edward Steichen Street, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Schnekenburger
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, Kirchberg Hospital, 9, Edward Steichen Street, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, Kirchberg Hospital, 9, Edward Steichen Street, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Recent advances in the discovery of potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1406-1418. [PMID: 29133060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase HDAC6, a member of the class IIb HDAC family, is unique among HDAC enzymes in having two active catalytic domains, and has unique physiological function. In addition to the modification of histone, HDAC6 targets specific substrates including α-tubulin and HSP90, and are involved in protein trafficking and degradation, cell shape and migration. Selective HDAC6 inhibitors are an emerging class of pharmaceuticals due to the involvement of HDAC6 in different pathways related to neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and immunology. Therefore, extensive investigations have been made in the discovery of selective HDAC6 inhibitors. Based on their different zinc binding groups (ZBGs), in this review, HDAC6 inhibitors are grouped as hydroxamic acids, a sulfur containing ZBG based derivatives and other ZBG-derived compounds, and their enzymatic inhibitory activity, selectivity and other biological activities are introduced and summarized.
Collapse
|
5
|
Strebl M, Campbell AJ, Zhao WN, Schroeder FA, Riley MM, Chindavong PS, Morin TM, Haggarty SJ, Wagner FF, Ritter T, Hooker JM. HDAC6 Brain Mapping with [ 18F]Bavarostat Enabled by a Ru-Mediated Deoxyfluorination. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:1006-1014. [PMID: 28979942 PMCID: PMC5620987 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) function and dysregulation have been implicated in the etiology of certain cancers and more recently in central nervous system (CNS) disorders including Rett syndrome, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and major depressive disorder. HDAC6-selective inhibitors have therapeutic potential, but in the CNS drug space the development of highly brain penetrant HDAC inhibitors has been a persistent challenge. Moreover, no tool exists to directly characterize HDAC6 and its related biology in the living human brain. Here, we report a highly brain penetrant HDAC6 inhibitor, Bavarostat, that exhibits excellent HDAC6 selectivity (>80-fold over all other Zn-containing HDAC paralogues), modulates tubulin acetylation selectively over histone acetylation, and has excellent brain penetrance. We further demonstrate that Bavarostat can be radiolabeled with 18F by deoxyfluorination through in situ formation of a ruthenium π-complex of the corresponding phenol precursor: the only method currently suitable for synthesis of [18F]Bavarostat. Finally, by using [18F]Bavarostat in a series of rodent and nonhuman primate imaging experiments, we demonstrate its utility for mapping HDAC6 in the living brain, which sets the stage for first-in-human neurochemical imaging of this important target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin
G. Strebl
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Arthur J. Campbell
- Stanley
Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute
of MIT and Harvard, 75
Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Wen-Ning Zhao
- Chemical
Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of
Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Frederick A. Schroeder
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Misha M. Riley
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Peter S. Chindavong
- Chemical
Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of
Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Thomas M. Morin
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Tufts University, 419 Boston Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical
Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of
Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Florence F. Wagner
- Stanley
Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute
of MIT and Harvard, 75
Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02144, United States
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02144, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The therapeutic hope for HDAC6 inhibitors in malignancy and chronic disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:987-1003. [PMID: 27154743 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an emergence of a new class of therapeutic agents, termed histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors. HDAC6 is one isoform of a family of HDAC enzymes that catalyse the removal of functional acetyl groups from proteins. It stands out from its cousins in almost exclusively deacetylating cytoplasmic proteins, in exerting deacetylation-independent effects and in the success that has been achieved in developing relatively isoform-specific inhibitors of its enzymatic action that have reached clinical trial. HDAC6 plays a pivotal role in the removal of misfolded proteins and it is this role that has been most successfully targeted to date. HDAC6 inhibitors are being investigated for use in combination with proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies, whereby HDAC6-dependent protein disposal currently limits the cytotoxic effectiveness of the latter. Similarly, numerous recent studies have linked altered HDAC6 activity to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by misfolded protein accumulation. It seems likely though that the function of HDAC6 is not limited to malignancy and neurodegeneration, the deacetylase being implicated in a number of other cellular processes and diseases including in cardiovascular disease, inflammation, renal fibrosis and cystogenesis. Here, we review the unique features of HDAC6 that make it so appealing as a drug target and its currently understood role in health and disease. Whether HDAC6 inhibition will ultimately find a clinical niche in the treatment of malignancy or prevalent complex chronic diseases remains to be determined.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yoo J, Kim SJ, Son D, Seo H, Baek SY, Maeng CY, Lee C, Kim IS, Jung YH, Lee SM, Park HJ. Computer-aided identification of new histone deacetylase 6 selective inhibitor with anti-sepsis activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 116:126-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
8
|
Wen J, Bao Y, Niu Q, Liu J, Yang J, Wang W, Jiang T, Fan Y, Li K, Wang J, Zhao L, Liu D. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of psammaplin A and its analogs as potent histone deacetylases inhibitors and cytotoxic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:4372-6. [PMID: 27460171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a concise synthetic method of psammaplin A was achieved from 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzaldahyde and hydantoin through a four-step synthesis via Knoevenagel condensation, hydrolysis, oximation and amidation in 37% overall yield. A collection of novel psammaplin A analogs focused on the variations of substituents at the benzene ring and modifications at the oxime moiety were synthesized. Among all the synthesized compounds, 5d and 5e showed better HDAC inhibition than psammaplin A and comparable cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines (PC-3, MCF-7, A549 and HL-60). Molecular docking and dynamics simulation revealed that (i) hydrogen atom of the oxime group interacts with Asp99 of HDAC1 through a water bridged hydrogen bond and (ii) a hydroxyl group is optimal attached on the para-position of benzene, interacting with Glu203 at the entrance to the active site tunnel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Bao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qun Niu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wanqiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yinbo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang L, Kofler M, Brosch G, Melesina J, Sippl W, Martinez ED, Easmon J. 2-Benzazolyl-4-Piperazin-1-Ylsulfonylbenzenecarbohydroxamic Acids as Novel Selective Histone Deacetylase-6 Inhibitors with Antiproliferative Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134556. [PMID: 26698121 PMCID: PMC4689404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have screened our compound collection in an established cell based assay that measures the derepression of an epigenetically silenced transgene, the locus derepression assay. The screen led to the identification of 4-[4-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonylbenzenecarbohydroxamic acid (9b) as an active which was found to inhibit HDAC1. In initial structure activity relationships study, the 1-methylbenzimidazole ring was replaced by the isosteric heterocycles benzimidazole, benzoxazole, and benzothiazole and the position of the hydroxamic acid substituent on the phenyl ring was varied. Whereas compounds bearing a para substituted hydroxamic acid (9a-d) were active HDAC inhibitors, the meta substituted analogues (8a-d) were appreciably inactive. Compounds 9a-d selectively inhibited HDAC6 (IC50 = 0.1-1.0 μM) over HDAC1 (IC50 = 0.9-6 μM) and moreover, also selectively inhibited the growth of lung cancer cells vs. patient matched normal cells. The compounds induce a cell cycle arrest in the S-phase while induction of apoptosis is neglible as compared to controls. Molecular modeling studies uncovered that the MM-GBSA energy for interaction of 9a-d with HDAC6 was higher than for HDAC1 providing structural rationale for the HDAC6 selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Marina Kofler
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerald Brosch
- Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck Medical University Innrain 80–82, A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Jelena Melesina
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Elisabeth D. Martinez
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JE); (EM)
| | - Johnny Easmon
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail: (JE); (EM)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Senger J, Melesina J, Marek M, Romier C, Oehme I, Witt O, Sippl W, Jung M. Synthesis and Biological Investigation of Oxazole Hydroxamates as Highly Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 59:1545-55. [PMID: 26653328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) catalyzes the removal of an acetyl group from lysine residues of several non-histone proteins. Here we report the preparation of thiazole-, oxazole-, and oxadiazole-containing biarylhydroxamic acids by a short synthetic procedure. We identified them as selective HDAC6 inhibitors by investigating the inhibition of recombinant HDAC enzymes and the protein acetylation in cells by Western blotting (tubulin vs histone acetylation). The most active compounds exhibited nanomolar potency and high selectivity for HDAC6. For example, an oxazole hydroxamate inhibits HDAC6 with an IC50 of 59 nM and has a selectivity index of >200 against HDAC1 and HDAC8. This is the first report showing that the nature of a heterocycle directly connected to a zinc binding group (ZBG) can be used to modulate subtype selectivity and potency for HDAC6 inhibitors to such an extent. We rationalize the high potency and selectivity of the oxazoles by molecular modeling and docking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Senger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg , Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jelena Melesina
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Marek
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Romier
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Ina Oehme
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ) , Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg , Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg , Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
HDAC Family Members Intertwined in the Regulation of Autophagy: A Druggable Vulnerability in Aggressive Tumor Entities. Cells 2015; 4:135-68. [PMID: 25915736 PMCID: PMC4493453 DOI: 10.3390/cells4020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of autophagy by some cancer entities to support survival and dodge death has been well-described. Though its role as a constitutive process is important in normal, healthy cells, in the milieu of malignantly transformed and highly proliferative cells, autophagy is critical for escaping metabolic and genetic stressors. In recent years, the importance of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in cancer biology has been heavily investigated, and the enzyme family has been shown to play a role in autophagy, too. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) are being integrated into cancer therapy and clinical trials are ongoing. The effect of HDACi on autophagy and, conversely, the effect of autophagy on HDACi efficacy are currently under investigation. With the development of HDACi that are able to selectively target individual HDAC isozymes, there is great potential for specific therapy that has more well-defined effects on cancer biology and also minimizes toxicity. Here, the role of autophagy in the context of cancer and the interplay of this process with HDACs will be summarized. Identification of key HDAC isozymes involved in autophagy and the ability to target specific isozymes yields the potential to cripple and ultimately eliminate malignant cells depending on autophagy as a survival mechanism.
Collapse
|
12
|
Korbus M, Balasubramanian G, Müller-Plathe F, Kolmar H, Meyer-Almes FJ. Azobenzene switch with a long-lived cis-state to photocontrol the enzyme activity of a histone deacetylase-like amidohydrolase. Biol Chem 2015; 395:401-12. [PMID: 24262648 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The control of enzymes by use of an external stimulus such as light enables the temporal and spatial regulation of defined chemical reactions in a highly precise manner. In this work we investigated and characterized the reversible photocontrol of a bacterial histone deacetylase-like amidohydrolase (HDAH) from Bordetella/Alcaligenes strain FB188, which holds great potential to control deacetylation reactions of a broad spectrum of substrates in biotechnological and biomedical applications. Several HDAH variants with a single surface accessible cysteine close to the active site were developed and covalently modified by a monofunctional azobenzene-based photoswitch [4-phenylazomaleinanil (4-PAM)]. The enzymatic activity of three HDAH variants (M30C, S20C and M150C) were shown to be controlled by light. The thermal cis-to-trans relaxation of azobenzene conjugated to HDAH was up to 50-fold retarded compared to unbound 4-PAM allowing light pulse switching rather than continuing irradiation to maintain the thermodynamically less stable cis-state of covalently attached 4-PAM.
Collapse
|
13
|
Marek M, Kannan S, Hauser AT, Moraes Mourão M, Caby S, Cura V, Stolfa DA, Schmidtkunz K, Lancelot J, Andrade L, Renaud JP, Oliveira G, Sippl W, Jung M, Cavarelli J, Pierce RJ, Romier C. Structural basis for the inhibition of histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8), a key epigenetic player in the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003645. [PMID: 24086136 PMCID: PMC3784479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of schistosomiasis, a disease caused by blood flukes parasites of the Schistosoma genus, depends on the intensive use of a single drug, praziquantel, which increases the likelihood of the development of drug-resistant parasite strains and renders the search for new drugs a strategic priority. Currently, inhibitors of human epigenetic enzymes are actively investigated as novel anti-cancer drugs and have the potential to be used as new anti-parasitic agents. Here, we report that Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (smHDAC8), the most expressed class I HDAC isotype in this organism, is a functional acetyl-L-lysine deacetylase that plays an important role in parasite infectivity. The crystal structure of smHDAC8 shows that this enzyme adopts a canonical α/β HDAC fold, with specific solvent exposed loops corresponding to insertions in the schistosome HDAC8 sequence. Importantly, structures of smHDAC8 in complex with generic HDAC inhibitors revealed specific structural changes in the smHDAC8 active site that cannot be accommodated by human HDACs. Using a structure-based approach, we identified several small-molecule inhibitors that build on these specificities. These molecules exhibit an inhibitory effect on smHDAC8 but show reduced affinity for human HDACs. Crucially, we show that a newly identified smHDAC8 inhibitor has the capacity to induce apoptosis and mortality in schistosomes. Taken together, our biological and structural findings define the framework for the rational design of small-molecule inhibitors specifically interfering with schistosome epigenetic mechanisms, and further support an anti-parasitic epigenome targeting strategy to treat neglected diseases caused by eukaryotic pathogens. Schistosomiasis, a neglected parasitic disease caused by flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths yearly. Its treatment currently depends on a single drug, praziquantel, with reports of drug-resistant parasites. Human epigenetic enzymes, in particular histone deacetylases (HDACs), are predominantly attractive inhibitory targets for anti-cancer therapies. Validated scaffolds against these enzymes could also be used as leads in the search for novel specific drugs against schistosomiasis. In our study, we show that Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (smHDAC8) is a functional acetyl-L-lysine deacetylase that plays an important role in parasite infectivity and is therefore a relevant target for drug discovery. The determination of the atomic structures of smHDAC8 in complex with generic HDAC inhibitors revealed that the architecture of the smHDAC8 active site pocket differed significantly from its human counterparts and provided a framework for the development of inhibitors selectively interfering with schistosome epigenetic mechanisms. In agreement, this information enabled us to identify several small-molecule scaffolds that possess specific inhibitory effects on smHDAC8 and cause mortality in schistosomes. Our results provide the proof of concept that targeting epigenetic enzymes is a valid approach to treat neglected diseases caused by eukaryotic pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Marek
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Alexander-Thomas Hauser
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marina Moraes Mourão
- Genomics and Computational Biology Group, Center for Excellence in Bioinformatics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie Caby
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), INSERM U1019 – CNRS UMR 8204, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Cura
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM, Illkirch, France
| | - Diana A. Stolfa
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karin Schmidtkunz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julien Lancelot
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), INSERM U1019 – CNRS UMR 8204, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Luiza Andrade
- Genomics and Computational Biology Group, Center for Excellence in Bioinformatics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jean-Paul Renaud
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM, Illkirch, France
| | - Guilherme Oliveira
- Genomics and Computational Biology Group, Center for Excellence in Bioinformatics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Diseases, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institut für Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jean Cavarelli
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM, Illkirch, France
| | - Raymond J. Pierce
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille (CIIL), INSERM U1019 – CNRS UMR 8204, Université Lille Nord de France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- * E-mail: (RJP); (CR)
| | - Christophe Romier
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM, Illkirch, France
- * E-mail: (RJP); (CR)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Feng T, Wang H, Su H, Lu H, Yu L, Zhang X, Sun H, You Q. Novel N-hydroxyfurylacrylamide-based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors with branched CAP group (Part 2). Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5339-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
15
|
Di Micco S, Chini MG, Terracciano S, Bruno I, Riccio R, Bifulco G. Structural basis for the design and synthesis of selective HDAC inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3795-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
16
|
Kalin JH, Bergman JA. Development and therapeutic implications of selective histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6297-313. [PMID: 23627282 DOI: 10.1021/jm4001659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective provides an in depth look at the numerous disease states in which histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been implicated. The physiological pathways, protein-protein interactions, and non-histone substrates relating to different pathological conditions are discussed with regard to HDAC6. Furthermore, the compounds and methods used to modulate HDAC6 activity are profiled. The latter half of this Perspective analyzes reported HDAC6 selective inhibitors in terms of structure, potency, and selectivity over the other HDAC isoforms with the intent of providing a comprehensive overview of the molecular tools available. Potential obstacles and future directions of HDAC6 research are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay H Kalin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
HDAC6 and ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9514-35. [PMID: 23644884 PMCID: PMC3676797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The special class IIb histone deacetylase, HDAC6, plays a prominent role in many cellular processes related to cancer, including oncogenesis, the cell stress response, motility, and myriad signaling pathways. Many of the lessons learned from other cancers can be applied to ovarian cancer as well. HDAC6 interacts with diverse proteins such as HSP90, cortactin, tubulin, dynein, p300, Bax, and GRK2 in both the nucleus and cytoplasm to carry out these cancerous functions. Not all pro-cancer interactions of HDAC6 involve deacetylation. The idea of using HDAC6 as a target for cancer treatment continues to expand in recent years, and more potent and specific HDAC6 inhibitors are required to effectively down-regulate the tumor-prone cell signaling pathways responsible for ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
18
|
Simões-Pires C, Zwick V, Nurisso A, Schenker E, Carrupt PA, Cuendet M. HDAC6 as a target for neurodegenerative diseases: what makes it different from the other HDACs? Mol Neurodegener 2013; 8:7. [PMID: 23356410 PMCID: PMC3615964 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-8-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been demonstrated to be beneficial in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Such results were mainly associated with the epigenetic modulation caused by HDACs, especially those from class I, via chromatin deacetylation. However, other mechanisms may contribute to the neuroprotective effect of HDAC inhibitors, since each HDAC may present distinct specific functions within the neurodegenerative cascades. Such an example is HDAC6 for which the role in neurodegeneration has been partially elucidated so far. The strategy to be adopted in promising therapeutics targeting HDAC6 is still controversial. Specific inhibitors exert neuroprotection by increasing the acetylation levels of α-tubulin with subsequent improvement of the axonal transport, which is usually impaired in neurodegenerative disorders. On the other hand, an induction of HDAC6 would theoretically contribute to the degradation of protein aggregates which characterize various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Hutington’s diseases. This review describes the specific role of HDAC6 compared to the other HDACs in the context of neurodegeneration, by collecting in silico, in vitro and in vivo results regarding the inhibition and/or knockdown of HDAC6 and other HDACs. Moreover, structure, function, subcellular localization, as well as the level of HDAC6 expression within brain regions are reviewed and compared to the other HDAC isoforms. In various neurodegenerative diseases, the mechanisms underlying HDAC6 interaction with other proteins seem to be a promising approach in understanding the modulation of HDAC6 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Simões-Pires
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Marek L, Hamacher A, Hansen FK, Kuna K, Gohlke H, Kassack MU, Kurz T. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors with a novel connecting unit linker region reveal a selectivity profile for HDAC4 and HDAC5 with improved activity against chemoresistant cancer cells. J Med Chem 2013; 56:427-36. [PMID: 23252603 DOI: 10.1021/jm301254q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological evaluation of new potent hydroxamate-based HDAC inhibitors with a novel alkoxyamide connecting unit linker region are described. Biological evaluation includes MTT and cellular HDAC assays on sensitive and chemoresistant cancer cell lines as well as HDAC profiling of selected compounds. Compound 19i (LMK235) (N-((6-(hydroxyamino)-6-oxohexyl)oxy)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide) showed similar effects compared to vorinostat on inhibition of cellular HDACs in a pan-HDAC assay but enhanced cytotoxic effects against the human cancer cell lines A2780, Cal27, Kyse510, and MDA-MB231. Subsequent HDAC profiling yielded a novel HDAC isoform selectivity profile of 19i in comparison to vorinostat or trichostatin A (TSA). 19i shows nanomolar inhibition of HDAC4 and HDAC5, whereas vorinostat and TSA inhibit HDAC4 and HDAC5 in the higher micromolar range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Marek
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Heinrich Heine Universität , Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
De Vreese R, Verhaeghe T, Desmet T, D'hooghe M. Potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitory activity of N-(4-hydroxycarbamoylbenzyl)-1,2,4,9-tetrahydro-3-thia-9-azafluorenes as novel sulfur analogues of Tubastatin A. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3775-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
21
|
Li Y, Shin D, Kwon SH. Histone deacetylase 6 plays a role as a distinct regulator of diverse cellular processes. FEBS J 2012. [PMID: 23181831 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 is the best-characterized class IIb deacetylase that regulates many important biological processes via the formation of complexes with its partner proteins. HDAC6 is important both for cytoplasmic and nuclear functions. Unlike other deacetylases, HDAC6 has unique substrate specificity for nonhistone proteins. Such diverse functions of HDAC6 suggest that it serves a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. This therapeutic interest in HDAC6 stems from the observation that HDAC6 may be overexpressed or deregulated in various cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and inflammatory disorders. Despite extensive efforts, however, very few HDAC6-selective inhibitors have been identified and the precise structural determinants remain undefined. Future efforts aiming to better define the structure and function of HDAC6 should provide the basis for the discovery of novel effective inhibitors. In this review, we focus on recent studies that highlight the importance of HDAC6-mediated biological processes, disease mechanisms and HDAC6-selective inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dallavalle S, Pisano C, Zunino F. Development and therapeutic impact of HDAC6-selective inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:756-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
23
|
Wang X, Wei X, Pang Q, Yi F. Histone deacetylases and their inhibitors: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in diabetes mellitus. Acta Pharm Sin B 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
24
|
The structural requirements of histone deacetylase inhibitors: Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid analogs modified at the C3 position display isoform selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6139-42. [PMID: 21889343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The FDA-approved drug suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, Vorinostat) was modified to improve its selectivity for a single histone deaetylase (HDAC) isoform. We show that attaching an ethyl group at the C3 position transforms SAHA from nonselective to an HDAC6-selective inhibitor. Theses results indicate that small structural changes in SAHA can significantly influence selectivity, which will lead future anti-cancer design efforts targeting HDAC proteins.
Collapse
|
25
|
Schlimme S, Hauser AT, Carafa V, Heinke R, Kannan S, Stolfa DA, Cellamare S, Carotti A, Altucci L, Jung M, Sippl W. Carbamate Prodrug Concept for Hydroxamate HDAC Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1193-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
26
|
Schemies J, Uciechowska U, Sippl W, Jung M. NAD(+) -dependent histone deacetylases (sirtuins) as novel therapeutic targets. Med Res Rev 2011; 30:861-89. [PMID: 19824050 DOI: 10.1002/med.20178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that cleave off acetyl groups from acetyl-lysine residues in histones and various nonhistone proteins. Four different classes of HDACs have been identified in humans so far. Although classes I, II, and IV are zinc-dependent amidohydrolases, class III HDACs depend on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) for their catalytic activity. According to their homology to Sir2p, a yeast histone deacetylase, the class III is also termed sirtuins. Seven members have been described in humans so far. As sirtuins are involved in many physiological and pathological processes, their activity has been associated with the pathogenesis of cancer, HIV, metabolic, or neurological diseases. Herein, we present an overview over sirtuins including their biology, targets, inhibitors, and activators and their potential as new therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schemies
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Computer- and structure-based lead design for epigenetic targets. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3605-15. [PMID: 21316248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The term epigenetics is defined as inheritable changes that influence the outcome of a phenotype without changes in the genome. Epigenetics is based upon DNA methylation and posttranslational histone modifications. While there is much known about reversible acetylation as a posttranslational modification, research on reversible histone methylation is still emerging, especially with regard to drug discovery. As aberrant epigenetic modifications have been linked to many diseases, inhibitors of histone modifying enzymes are very much in demand. This article will summarize the progress on small molecule epigenetic inhibitors identified by structure- and computer-based approaches.
Collapse
|
28
|
Butler KV, Kalin J, Brochier C, Vistoli G, Langley B, Kozikowski AP. Rational design and simple chemistry yield a superior, neuroprotective HDAC6 inhibitor, tubastatin A. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:10842-6. [PMID: 20614936 DOI: 10.1021/ja102758v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based drug design combined with homology modeling techniques were used to develop potent inhibitors of HDAC6 that display superior selectivity for the HDAC6 isozyme compared to other inhibitors. These inhibitors can be assembled in a few synthetic steps, and thus are readily scaled up for in vivo studies. An optimized compound from this series, designated Tubastatin A, was tested in primary cortical neuron cultures in which it was found to induce elevated levels of acetylated alpha-tubulin, but not histone, consistent with its HDAC6 selectivity. Tubastatin A also conferred dose-dependent protection in primary cortical neuron cultures against glutathione depletion-induced oxidative stress. Importantly, when given alone at all concentrations tested, this hydroxamate-containing HDAC6-selective compound displayed no neuronal toxicity, thus, forecasting the potential application of this agent and its analogues to neurodegenerative conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle V Butler
- Drug Discovery Program, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Auzzas L, Larsson A, Matera R, Baraldi A, Deschênes-Simard B, Giannini G, Cabri W, Battistuzzi G, Gallo G, Ciacci A, Vesci L, Pisano C, Hanessian S. Non-Natural Macrocyclic Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases: Design, Synthesis, and Activity. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8387-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jm101092u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Auzzas
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7 Canada
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Andreas Larsson
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Riccardo Matera
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Annamaria Baraldi
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Benoît Deschênes-Simard
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Sigma-Tau Research and Development, Via Pontina Km 30.400, 00040 Pomezia, Roma, Italy
| | - Walter Cabri
- Sigma-Tau Research and Development, Via Pontina Km 30.400, 00040 Pomezia, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Grazia Gallo
- Sigma-Tau Research and Development, Via Pontina Km 30.400, 00040 Pomezia, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciacci
- Sigma-Tau Research and Development, Via Pontina Km 30.400, 00040 Pomezia, Roma, Italy
| | - Loredana Vesci
- Sigma-Tau Research and Development, Via Pontina Km 30.400, 00040 Pomezia, Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Pisano
- Sigma-Tau Research and Development, Via Pontina Km 30.400, 00040 Pomezia, Roma, Italy
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Acetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins provides a key mechanism for controlling signaling and gene expression in heart and kidney. Pharmacological inhibition of protein deacetylation with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors has shown promise in preclinical models of cardiovascular and renal disease. Efficacy of HDAC inhibitors appears to be governed by pleiotropic salutary actions on a variety of cell types and pathophysiological processes, including myocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and occurs at compound concentrations below the threshold required to elicit toxic side effects. We review the roles of acetylation/deacetylation in the heart and kidney and provide rationale for extending HDAC inhibitors into clinical testing for indications involving these organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik W Bush
- Gilead Colorado Inc, 3333 Walnut St, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Histone deacetylase inhibitors that target tubulin. Cancer Lett 2009; 280:222-32. [PMID: 19268440 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is defined as heritable changes in gene expression that occur without changes in DNA sequence. Major mechanisms of epigenetics are post-translational histone modifications such as reversible acetylation. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) maintain the acetylation level of histones but also act on non-histone substrates that are involved in signal transduction or cellular transport processes. One important non-histone substrate is tubulin. The isotypes responsible for tubulin deacetylation are HDAC6 and the NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase (sirtuin) Sirt2. Here we review the action of those enzymes on tubulin and present an overview over existing inhibitors with a focus on their structural interaction with the targets.
Collapse
|