1
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Xie Z, Ruan W, Guo J, Li Y, Zhou S, Zhao J, Wan L, Xu S, Tang Q, Zheng P, Wang L, Zhu W. T5S1607 identified as a antibacterial FtsZ inhibitor:Virtual screening combined with bioactivity evaluation for the drug discovery. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 108:108006. [PMID: 38142532 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.108006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Due to antibiotic overuse, many bacteria have developed resistance, creating an urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents. It has been established that the filamentous temperature-sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ) of the bacterial cell division protein is an effective and promising antibacterial target. In this study, the optimal proteins were assessed by early recognition ability and the processed compound libraries were virtually screened using Vina. This effort resulted in the identification of 14 potentially active antimicrobial compounds. Among them, the compound T5S1607 demonstrated remarkable antibacterial efficacy against Bacillus subtilis ATCC9732 (MIC = 1 μg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus ATC5C6538 (MIC = 4 μg/mL). Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the selected compound T5S1607 rapidly killed bacteria and induced FtsZ protein aggregation, preventing bacterial division and leading to bacterial death. Additionally, cell toxicity and hemolysis experiments indicate that compound T5S1607 exhibits minimal toxicity to LO2 cells and shows no significant hemolytic effects on mammalian cells in vitro at the MIC concentration range. All the results indicate that compound T5S1607 is a promising antibacterial agent and a potential FtsZ inhibitor. In conclusion, this work successfully discovered FtsZ inhibitors with good activity through the virtual screening drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouling Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Wei Ruan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Yan Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Li Wan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Qidong Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Pengwu Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Linxiao Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China.
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China.
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2
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Suigo L, Margolin W, Ulzurrun E, Hrast Rambaher M, Zanotto C, Sebastián-Pérez V, Campillo NE, Straniero V, Valoti E. Benzodioxane-Benzamides as FtsZ Inhibitors: Effects of Linker's Functionalization on Gram-Positive Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1712. [PMID: 38136746 PMCID: PMC10740499 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
FtsZ is an essential bacterial protein abundantly studied as a novel and promising target for antimicrobials. FtsZ is highly conserved among bacteria and mycobacteria, and it is crucial for the correct outcome of the cell division process, as it is responsible for the division of the parent bacterial cell into two daughter cells. In recent years, the benzodioxane-benzamide class has emerged as very promising and capable of targeting both Gram-positive and Gram-negative FtsZs. In this study, we explored the effect of including a substituent on the ethylenic linker between the two main moieties on the antimicrobial activity and pharmacokinetic properties. This substitution, in turn, led to the generation of a second stereogenic center, with both erythro and threo isomers isolated, characterized, and evaluated. With this work, we discovered how the hydroxy group slightly affects the antimicrobial activity, while being an important anchor for the exploitation and development of prodrugs, probes, and further derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Suigo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (E.V.)
| | - William Margolin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Eugenia Ulzurrun
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.U.); (V.S.-P.); (N.E.C.)
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Martina Hrast Rambaher
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta, 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Carlo Zanotto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milano, Italy;
| | - Victor Sebastián-Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.U.); (V.S.-P.); (N.E.C.)
- Exscientia, The Schrödinger Building, Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK
| | - Nuria E. Campillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.U.); (V.S.-P.); (N.E.C.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Matemáticas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C. Nicolás Cabrera, 13-15, 28049 Madrid, Italy
| | - Valentina Straniero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (E.V.)
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (E.V.)
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3
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Sharma AK, Poddar SM, Chakraborty J, Nayak BS, Kalathil S, Mitra N, Gayathri P, Srinivasan R. A mechanism of salt bridge-mediated resistance to FtsZ inhibitor PC190723 revealed by a cell-based screen. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar16. [PMID: 36652338 PMCID: PMC10011733 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-12-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cell division proteins, especially the tubulin homologue FtsZ, have emerged as strong targets for developing new antibiotics. Here, we have utilized the fission yeast heterologous expression system to develop a cell-based assay to screen for small molecules that directly and specifically target the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ. The strategy also allows for simultaneous assessment of the toxicity of the drugs to eukaryotic yeast cells. As a proof-of-concept of the utility of this assay, we demonstrate the effect of the inhibitors sanguinarine, berberine, and PC190723 on FtsZ. Though sanguinarine and berberine affect FtsZ polymerization, they exert a toxic effect on the cells. Further, using this assay system, we show that PC190723 affects Helicobacter pylori FtsZ function and gain new insights into the molecular determinants of resistance to PC190723. On the basis of sequence and structural analysis and site-specific mutations, we demonstrate that the presence of salt bridge interactions between the central H7 helix and β-strands S9 and S10 mediates resistance to PC190723 in FtsZ. The single-step in vivo cell-based assay using fission yeast enabled us to dissect the contribution of sequence-specific features of FtsZ and cell permeability effects associated with bacterial cell envelopes. Thus, our assay serves as a potent tool to rapidly identify novel compounds targeting polymeric bacterial cytoskeletal proteins like FtsZ to understand how they alter polymerization dynamics and address resistance determinants in targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Sharma
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institutes, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sakshi Mahesh Poddar
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institutes, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Joyeeta Chakraborty
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Bhagyashri Soumya Nayak
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institutes, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Srilakshmi Kalathil
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institutes, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Nivedita Mitra
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institutes, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Pananghat Gayathri
- Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune 411008, India
| | - Ramanujam Srinivasan
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar 752050, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institutes, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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4
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Importance of the 2,6-Difluorobenzamide Motif for FtsZ Allosteric Inhibition: Insights from Conformational Analysis, Molecular Docking and Structural Modifications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052055. [PMID: 36903302 PMCID: PMC10003973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A conformational analysis and molecular docking study comparing 2,6-difluoro-3-methoxybenzamide (DFMBA) with 3-methoxybenzamide (3-MBA) has been undertaken for investigating the known increase of FtsZ inhibition related anti S. aureus activity due to fluorination. For the isolated molecules, the calculations reveal that the presence of the fluorine atoms in DFMBA is responsible for its non-planarity, with a dihedral angle of -27° between the carboxamide and the aromatic ring. When interacting with the protein, the fluorinated ligand can thus more easily adopt the non-planar conformation found in reported co-crystallized complexes with FtsZ, than the non-fluorinated one. Molecular docking studies of the favored non-planar conformation of 2,6-difluoro-3-methoxybenzamide highlights the strong hydrophobic interactions between the difluoroaromatic ring and several key residues of the allosteric pocket, precisely between the 2-fluoro substituent and residues Val203 and Val297 and between the 6-fluoro group and the residues Asn263. The docking simulation in the allosteric binding site also confirms the critical importance of the hydrogen bonds between the carboxamide group with the residues Val207, Leu209 and Asn263. Changing the carboxamide functional group of 3-alkyloxybenzamide and 3-alkyloxy-2,6-difluorobenzamide to a benzohydroxamic acid or benzohydrazide led to inactive compounds, confirming the importance of the carboxamide group.
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5
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Obtainment of Threo and Erythro Isomers of the 6-Fluoro-3-(2,3,6,7,8,9-hexahydronaphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dioxin-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine-5-carboxamide. MOLBANK 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/m1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
2,6-difluorobenzamides have been deeply investigated as antibacterial drugs in the last few decades. Several 3-substituted-2,6-difluorobenzamides have proved their ability to interfere with the bacterial cell division cycle by inhibiting the protein FtsZ, the key player of the whole process. Recently, we developed a novel family of 1,4-tetrahydronaphthodioxane benzamides, having an ethoxy linker, which reached sub-micromolar MICs towards Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. A further investigation of their mechanism of action should require the development of a fluorescent probe, and the consequent definition of a synthetic pathway for its obtainment. In the present work, we report the obtainment of an unexpected bicyclic side product, 6-fluoro-3-(2,3,6,7,8,9-hexahydronaphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dioxin-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine-5-carboxamide, coming from the substitution of one aromatic fluorine by the in situ formed alkoxy group, in the final opening of an epoxide intermediate. This side product was similarly achieved, in good yields, by opening the ring of both erythro and threo epoxides, and the two compounds were fully characterized using HRMS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HPLC and DSC.
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6
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(3-Methylene-2,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methanol. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(3-Methylene-2,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methanol was unexpectedly achieved as the main reaction product while applying a standard Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky procedure to the 2,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b][1,4]dioxine-2-carbaldehyde, aiming at obtaining the corresponding epoxide. The structure of the recovered compound was confirmed through NMR and HRMS, the melting point was measured by DSC, and the organic purity was assessed using HPLC. We hypothesized the possible mechanism for the obtainment of this side product, which should involve the opening of the dioxane ring soon after the nucleophilic attack of the ylide to the carbonyl function. The consequent transfer of the negative charge allows the achievement of the phenolate function. The tautomer further rearranges, forming the unstable oxirane, which opening is favored by the acidic phenolic function, thus closing into the more stable six-membered ring compound. We confirmed the hypothesized reaction mechanism by applying the same reaction conditions while starting from the corresponding methyl ketone. This undesired compound, easily and quantitatively obtained by standard Johnson–Corey–Chaykovsky conditions, could pave the way to a new methodology for the obtainment of 2,3-disubstituted 1,4-naphthodioxanes, further derivatizable.
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7
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Deng J, Zhang T, Li B, Xu M, Wang Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of biphenyl-benzamides as potent FtsZ inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114553. [PMID: 35763867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance has become a prevalent threat to public health, thereby development of new antibacterial agents having novel mechanisms of action is in an urgent need. Targeting at the cytoskeletal cell division protein filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ) has been validated as an effective and promising approach for antibacterial drug discovery. In this study, a series of novel biphenyl-benzamides as FtsZ inhibitors has been rationally designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities against various Gram-positive bacteria strains. In particular, the most promising compound 30 exhibited excellent antibacterial activities, especially against four different Bacillus subtilis strains, with an MIC range of 0.008 μg/mL to 0.063 μg/mL. Moreover, compound 30 also showed good pharmaceutical properties with low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 20 μg/mL), excellent human metabolic stability (T1/2 = 111.98 min), moderate pharmacokinetics (T1/2 = 2.26 h, F = 61.2%) and in vivo efficacy, which can be identified as a promising FtsZ inhibitor worthy of further profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Deng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health - Guangdong Laboratory),Guangzhou, 510530, PR China
| | - Baiqing Li
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health - Guangdong Laboratory),Guangzhou, 510530, PR China
| | - Mingyuan Xu
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health - Guangdong Laboratory),Guangzhou, 510530, PR China
| | - Yuanze Wang
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health - Guangdong Laboratory),Guangzhou, 510530, PR China.
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8
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Straniero V, Lodigiani G, Suigo L, Valoti E. Resolution via diastereomeric amides of enantiopure 1,4-benzoxathian-2- and 3-carboxylic acids and determination of their configuration. Chirality 2022; 34:1053-1064. [PMID: 35596548 PMCID: PMC9541051 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Benzoxathiane, 2- or 3-substituted, is an important scaffold, and despite its presence in several therapeutic agents, it is chemically unexploited. Furthermore, only a few examples in literature report this moiety in its enantiopure form. Here, taking advantage to the formation of diastereomeric amides by using (S)-phenylethylamine, which show significant differences in terms of 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and other physical chemical properties, we defined for the first time the absolute configuration of each amide, both 2- or 3-substituted. Moreover, the diastereomeric amides were further hydrolyzed in acid conditions, letting to the achievement of the corresponding 1,4-benzoxathian carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Straniero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lodigiani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Suigo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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9
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DeRatt LG, Wang CY, Kuduk SD. Tandem Amination/Oxetane Ring Opening toward Benzomorpholines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17482-17486. [PMID: 34807596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a tandem approach that allows rapid access to the benzomorpholine scaffold is reported. This operationally simple method allows for valuable heterocycles to be isolated in moderate to high yields. The overall transformation consists of an initial C-N coupling, demonstrated using traditional Ullmann or Buchwald-Hartwig conditions, followed by an in situ oxetane ring opening. A range of functionality is tolerated on the aryl ring, and the cyclization exposes a pendant hydroxymethyl substituent, providing opportunities for further functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey G DeRatt
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Chao-Yuan Wang
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Scott D Kuduk
- Janssen Research and Development, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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10
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Straniero V, Sebastián-Pérez V, Suigo L, Margolin W, Casiraghi A, Hrast M, Zanotto C, Zdovc I, Radaelli A, Valoti E. Computational Design and Development of Benzodioxane-Benzamides as Potent Inhibitors of FtsZ by Exploring the Hydrophobic Subpocket. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040442. [PMID: 33920895 PMCID: PMC8071314 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a severe threat, responsible for most of the nosocomial infections globally. This resistant strain is associated with a 64% increase in death compared to the antibiotic-susceptible strain. The prokaryotic protein FtsZ and the cell division cycle have been validated as potential targets to exploit in the general battle against antibiotic resistance. Despite the discovery and development of several anti-FtsZ compounds, no FtsZ inhibitors are currently used in therapy. This work further develops benzodioxane-benzamide FtsZ inhibitors. We seek to find more potent compounds using computational studies, with encouraging predicted drug-like profiles. We report the synthesis and the characterization of novel promising derivatives that exhibit very low MICs towards both methicillin-susceptible and -resistant S. aureus, as well as another Gram positive species, Bacillus subtilis, while possessing good predicted physical-chemical properties in terms of solubility, permeability, and chemical and physical stability. In addition, we demonstrate by fluorescence microscopy that Z ring formation and FtsZ localization are strongly perturbed by our derivatives, thus validating the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Straniero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.); (E.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250319361
| | - Victor Sebastián-Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Exscientia, The Schrödinger Building, Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK
| | - Lorenzo Suigo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.); (E.V.)
| | - William Margolin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Andrea Casiraghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Martina Hrast
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta, 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Carlo Zanotto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milano, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Irena Zdovc
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva, 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Antonia Radaelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milano, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.); (E.V.)
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11
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Chai WC, Whittall JJ, Song D, Polyak SW, Ogunniyi AD, Wang Y, Bi F, Ma S, Semple SJ, Venter H. Antimicrobial Action and Reversal of Resistance in MRSA by Difluorobenzamide Derivatives Targeted at FtsZ. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E873. [PMID: 33291418 PMCID: PMC7762090 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial cell division protein, FtsZ, has been identified as a target for antimicrobial development. Derivatives of 3-methoxybenzamide have shown promising activities as FtsZ inhibitors in Gram-positive bacteria. We sought to characterise the activity of five difluorobenzamide derivatives with non-heterocyclic substituents attached through the 3-oxygen. These compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with an isopentyloxy-substituted compound showing modest activity against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE). The compounds were able to reverse resistance to oxacillin in highly resistant clinical MRSA strains at concentrations far below their MICs. Three of the compounds inhibited an Escherichia coli strain lacking the AcrAB components of a drug efflux pump, which suggests the lack of Gram-negative activity can partly be attributed to efflux. The compounds inhibited cell division by targeting S. aureus FtsZ, producing a dose-dependent increase in GTPase rate which increased the rate of FtsZ polymerization and stabilized the FtsZ polymers. These compounds did not affect the polymerization of mammalian tubulin and did not display haemolytic activity or cytotoxicity. These derivatives are therefore promising compounds for further development as antimicrobial agents or as resistance breakers to re-sensitive MRSA to beta-lactam antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wern Chern Chai
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000 Adelaide, Australia; (W.C.C.); (J.J.W.); (S.W.P.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Jonathan J. Whittall
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000 Adelaide, Australia; (W.C.C.); (J.J.W.); (S.W.P.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Di Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (D.S.); (Y.W.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Steven W. Polyak
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000 Adelaide, Australia; (W.C.C.); (J.J.W.); (S.W.P.); (S.J.S.)
| | - Abiodun D. Ogunniyi
- Australia Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Ecology, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, SA 5371 Roseworthy, Australia;
| | - Yinhu Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (D.S.); (Y.W.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
- School of Pharmacy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Fangchao Bi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (D.S.); (Y.W.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (D.S.); (Y.W.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Susan J. Semple
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000 Adelaide, Australia; (W.C.C.); (J.J.W.); (S.W.P.); (S.J.S.)
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Henrietta Venter
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, SA 5000 Adelaide, Australia; (W.C.C.); (J.J.W.); (S.W.P.); (S.J.S.)
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12
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Naz F, Mashkoor M, Sharma P, Haque MA, Kapil A, Kumar M, Kaur P, Abdul Samath E. Drug repurposing approach to target FtsZ cell division protein from Salmonella Typhi. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:1073-1083. [PMID: 32417543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is an efficient alternative approach to counter the increasing drug-resistant pathogens to treat infectious diseases. FtsZ is an essential bacterial cytokinesis protein involved in the formation of cell-division complex and targeting FtsZ using FDA approved drugs is a promising strategy to identify and develop a new antibacterial drug. Using in silico pharmacophore-based screening of drug bank, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, we identified six drugs inhibiting the function of stFtsZ from Salmonella Typhi. The selected drugs target stFtsZ at the hydrophobic cleft formed between the C-terminal domain and helix α7 with binding energy better than -8 kcal/mol. Out of these six drugs, benzethonium chloride showed promising results at 8 μM concentration where it inhibits stFtsZ GTPase activity by 80% and prevents polymerization. Benzethonium chloride also possesses an excellent antibacterial activity against the bacterial culture of Salmonella Typhi (ATCC 19430), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) with the MIC values of 8 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL and 12 μg/mL, respectively. Based on our current study, the scaffold of benzethonium chloride can be used for the development of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents against drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Naz
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Muneera Mashkoor
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Md Anzarul Haque
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Arti Kapil
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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13
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Bolchi C, Bavo F, Appiani R, Roda G, Pallavicini M. 1,4-Benzodioxane, an evergreen, versatile scaffold in medicinal chemistry: A review of its recent applications in drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112419. [PMID: 32502862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Benzodioxane has long been a versatile template widely employed to design molecules endowed with diverse bioactivities. Its use spans the last decades of medicinal chemistry until today concerning many strategies of drug discovery, not excluding the most advanced ones. Here, more than fifty benzodioxane-related lead compounds, selected from recent literature, are presented showing the different approaches with which they have been developed. Agonists and antagonists at neuronal nicotinic, α1 adrenergic and serotoninergic receptor subtypes and antitumor and antibacterial agents form the most representative classes, but a variety of other biological targets are addressed by benzodioxane-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy.
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14
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Straniero V, Suigo L, Casiraghi A, Sebastián-Pérez V, Hrast M, Zanotto C, Zdovc I, De Giuli Morghen C, Radaelli A, Valoti E. Benzamide Derivatives Targeting the Cell Division Protein FtsZ: Modifications of the Linker and the Benzodioxane Scaffold and Their Effects on Antimicrobial Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040160. [PMID: 32260339 PMCID: PMC7235863 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous temperature-sensitive Z (FtsZ) is a prokaryotic protein with an essential role in the bacterial cell division process. It is widely conserved and expressed in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. In the last decade, several research groups have pointed out molecules able to target FtsZ in Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and other Gram-positive strains, with sub-micromolar Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs). Conversely, no promising derivatives active on Gram-negatives have been found up to now. Here, we report our results on a class of benzamide compounds, which showed comparable inhibitory activities on both S. aureus and Escherichia coli FtsZ, even though they proved to be substrates of E. coli efflux pump AcrAB, thus affecting the antimicrobial activity. These surprising results confirmed how a single molecule can target both species while maintaining potent antimicrobial activity. A further computational study helped us decipher the structural features necessary for broad spectrum activity and assess the drug-like profile and the on-target activity of this family of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Straniero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (E.V.); Tel.: +39-0250319361 (V.S.); +39-0250319334 (E.V.)
| | - Lorenzo Suigo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Casiraghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Victor Sebastián-Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Exscientia, The Schrödinger Building, Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK
| | - Martina Hrast
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta, 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Carlo Zanotto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milano, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Irena Zdovc
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva, 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Carlo De Giuli Morghen
- Department of Chemical – Pharmaceutical and Biomolecular Technologies, Catholic University “Our Lady of Good Counsel”, Rr. Dritan Hoxha, 1025 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Antonia Radaelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli, 32, 20129 Milano, Italy; (C.Z.); (A.R.)
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (E.V.); Tel.: +39-0250319361 (V.S.); +39-0250319334 (E.V.)
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15
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Buroni S, Makarov V, Scoffone VC, Trespidi G, Riccardi G, Chiarelli LR. The cell division protein FtsZ as a cellular target to hit cystic fibrosis pathogens. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 190:112132. [PMID: 32066012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by the production of dehydrated mucus in the lung able to trap bacteria and rendering their proliferation particularly dangerous, thus leading to chronic infections. Among these bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa play a major role while, within emerging pathogens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Burkholderia cepacia complex species, as well as non-tuberculous mycobacteria are listed. Since a common feature of these bacteria is the high level of drug resistance, cell division, and in particular FtsZ, has been explored as a novel therapeutic target for the design of new molecules with antibacterial properties. This review summarizes and provides insight into recent advances in the discovery of compounds targeting FtsZ: the majority of them exhibit anti-staphylococcal activity, while a few were directed against the cystic fibrosis Gram negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Buroni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vadim Makarov
- Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viola Camilla Scoffone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Trespidi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Riccardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laurent R Chiarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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16
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Casiraghi A, Suigo L, Valoti E, Straniero V. Targeting Bacterial Cell Division: A Binding Site-Centered Approach to the Most Promising Inhibitors of the Essential Protein FtsZ. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E69. [PMID: 32046082 PMCID: PMC7167804 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary fission is the most common mode of bacterial cell division and is mediated by a multiprotein complex denominated the divisome. The constriction of the Z-ring splits the mother bacterial cell into two daughter cells of the same size. The Z-ring is formed by the polymerization of FtsZ, a bacterial protein homologue of eukaryotic tubulin, and it represents the first step of bacterial cytokinesis. The high grade of conservation of FtsZ in most prokaryotic organisms and its relevance in orchestrating the whole division system make this protein a fascinating target in antibiotic research. Indeed, FtsZ inhibition results in the complete blockage of the division system and, consequently, in a bacteriostatic or a bactericidal effect. Since many papers and reviews already discussed the physiology of FtsZ and its auxiliary proteins, as well as the molecular mechanisms in which they are involved, here, we focus on the discussion of the most compelling FtsZ inhibitors, classified by their main protein binding sites and following a medicinal chemistry approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valentina Straniero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Luigi Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.C.); (L.S.); (E.V.)
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17
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Straniero V, Sebastián-Pérez V, Hrast M, Zanotto C, Casiraghi A, Suigo L, Zdovc I, Radaelli A, De Giuli Morghen C, Valoti E. Benzodioxane-Benzamides as Antibacterial Agents: Computational and SAR Studies to Evaluate the Influence of the 7-Substitution in FtsZ Interaction. ChemMedChem 2019; 15:195-209. [PMID: 31750973 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
FtsZ is a crucial prokaryotic protein involved in bacterial cell replication. It recently arose as a promising target in the search for antimicrobial agents able to fight antimicrobial resistance. In this work, going on with our structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, we developed variously 7-substituted 1,4-benzodioxane compounds, linked to the 2,6-difluorobenzamide by a methylenoxy bridge. Compounds exhibit promising antibacterial activities not only against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but also on mutated Escherichia coli strains, thus enlarging their spectrum of action toward Gram-negative bacteria as well. Computational studies elucidated, through a validated FtsZ binding protocol, the structural features of new promising derivatives as FtsZ inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Straniero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Martina Hrast
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carlo Zanotto
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Casiraghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Suigo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Irena Zdovc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Antonia Radaelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Ermanno Valoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
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18
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Lui HK, Gao W, Cheung KC, Jin WB, Sun N, Kan JW, Wong IL, Chiou J, Lin D, Chan EW, Leung YC, Chan TH, Chen S, Chan KF, Wong KY. Boosting the efficacy of anti-MRSA β-lactam antibiotics via an easily accessible, non-cytotoxic and orally bioavailable FtsZ inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:95-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Casiraghi A, Valoti E, Suigo L, Artasensi A, Sorvillo E, Straniero V. How Reaction Conditions May Influence the Regioselectivity in the Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydro-1,4-benzoxathiine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13217-13227. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Casiraghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Suigo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Angelica Artasensi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Erica Sorvillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Straniero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
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20
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Straniero V, Casiraghi A, Fumagalli L, Valoti E. How do reaction conditions affect the enantiopure synthesis of 2-substituted-1,4-benzodioxane derivatives? Chirality 2018; 30:943-950. [PMID: 29752740 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Several biologically active compounds structurally include the enantiopure 2-substituted-1,4-benzodioxane scaffold. The straightforward racemization that affects reactions involving most of the common chemical reactives is thus a crucial issue. The developing of a completely stereo-controlled synthetic route that does not affect the enantiomeric excess is consequently mandatory. It is also important to set up a reliable chiral HPLC method, able to follow the reaction, and to improve the synthetic performances. Here, we report the chiral investigation of two different synthons, we specifically evaluated the synthetic pathways that could be run in order to afford them, avoiding the racemization processes, which could normally occur in basic conditions. In addition, we developed peculiar chiral HPLC methods in order to resolve the enantiomers, define the enantiomeric excess, and fully characterize these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Straniero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Casiraghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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21
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Sun N, Zheng YY, Du RL, Cai SY, Zhang K, So LY, Cheung KC, Zhuo C, Lu YJ, Wong KY. New application of tiplaxtinin as an effective FtsZ-targeting chemotype for an antimicrobial study. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1909-1913. [PMID: 30108711 PMCID: PMC6072346 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00387k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ) protein is generally recognized as a promising antimicrobial drug target. In the present study, a small organic molecule (tiplaxtinin) was identified for the first time as an excellent cell division inhibitor by using a cell-based screening approach from a library with 250 compounds. Tiplaxtinin possesses potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive pathogens. Both in vitro and in vivo results reveal that the compound is able to disrupt dynamic assembly of FtsZ and Z-ring formation effectively through the mechanism of stimulating FtsZ polymerization and impairing GTPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P.R. China . ; Tel: +852 34008686
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zheng
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry , School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86 20 39322235
| | - Ruo-Lan Du
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P.R. China . ; Tel: +852 34008686
| | - Sen-Yuan Cai
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry , School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86 20 39322235
| | - Kun Zhang
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry , School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86 20 39322235
| | - Lok-Yan So
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P.R. China . ; Tel: +852 34008686
| | - Kwan-Choi Cheung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P.R. China . ; Tel: +852 34008686
| | - Chao Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases , The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jing Lu
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Green Chemistry , School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86 20 39322235
| | - Kwok-Yin Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , P.R. China . ; Tel: +852 34008686
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