1
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Application of Dendrimers in Anticancer Diagnostics and Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103237. [PMID: 35630713 PMCID: PMC9144149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of dendrimeric constructs in medical diagnostics and therapeutics is increasing. Dendrimers have attracted attention due to their compact, spherical three-dimensional structures with surfaces that can be modified by the attachment of various drugs, hydrophilic or hydrophobic groups, or reporter molecules. In the literature, many modified dendrimer systems with various applications have been reported, including drug and gene delivery systems, biosensors, bioimaging contrast agents, tissue engineering, and therapeutic agents. Dendrimers are used for the delivery of macromolecules, miRNAs, siRNAs, and many other various biomedical applications, and they are ideal carriers for bioactive molecules. In addition, the conjugation of dendrimers with antibodies, proteins, and peptides allows for the design of vaccines with highly specific and predictable properties, and the role of dendrimers as carrier systems for vaccine antigens is increasing. In this work, we will focus on a review of the use of dendrimers in cancer diagnostics and therapy. Dendrimer-based nanosystems for drug delivery are commonly based on polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) that can be modified with drugs and contrast agents. Moreover, dendrimers can be successfully used as conjugates that deliver several substances simultaneously. The potential to develop dendrimers with multifunctional abilities has served as an impetus for the design of new molecular platforms for medical diagnostics and therapeutics.
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2
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Khan MH, Mishra SK, Zakaria ABM, Mihailović JM, Coman D, Hyder F. Comparison of Lanthanide Macrocyclic Complexes as 23Na NMR Sensors. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2536-2545. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H. Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Sandeep Kumar Mishra
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - A. B. M. Zakaria
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jelena M. Mihailović
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Daniel Coman
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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3
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Genicio N, Bañobre-López M, Gröhn O, Gallo J. Ratiometric magnetic resonance imaging: Contrast agent design towards better specificity and quantification. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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Seo H, Ma KY, Tuttle EE, Calderon IAC, Buskermolen AD, Flask CA, Clark HA. A DNA-Based MRI Contrast Agent for Quantitative pH Measurement. ACS Sens 2021; 6:727-732. [PMID: 33625209 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular pH is important in clinical measurements due to its correlation to cell metabolism and disease progression. In MRI, T1/T2 ratiometric analysis and other methods have been previously applied to quantify pH using conventional pulse sequences. However, for nanoparticle-based approaches, heterogeneity in size and surface functionalization tends toward qualitative rather than quantitative results. To address this limitation, we developed a novel DNA-based MRI contrast agent, pH-DMRCA, which utilizes a highly programmable and reproducible nanostructure. The pH-DMRCA is a dendritic DNA scaffold that is functionalized with a pH-responsive MRI-sensitive construct, Gd(NP-DO3A), at the end of each DNA arm. We first evaluated the r1 and r2 response of our pH-DMRCA over a range of pH values (pH = 5-9) to establish a relaxometric model of pH. These MRI-based assessments of pH were validated in a separate set of samples using a pH electrode (n = 18) and resulted in a good linear correlation (R2 = 0.99, slope = 0.98, intercept = 0). A Bland-Altman analysis of the results also showed reasonable agreement between the calculated pH and measured pH. Moreover, these pH comparisons were consistent across three different pH-DMRCA concentrations, demonstrating concentration-independence of the method. This MRI-based pH quantification methodology was further verified in human blood plasma. Given the versatility of the DNA-based nanostructures, the contrast agent has a potential to be applied to a wide variety of imaging applications where extracellular pH is important including cancer, stroke, cardiovascular disease, and other important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Seo
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kristine Y. Ma
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Erin E. Tuttle
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Isen Andrew C. Calderon
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alissa D. Buskermolen
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chris A. Flask
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Heather A. Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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5
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Nazare M, Yao Q, Hu HY. A novel nitroreductase-enhanced MRI contrast agent and its potential application in bacterial imaging. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:401-408. [PMID: 29881679 PMCID: PMC5989822 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroreductases (NTRs) are known to be able to metabolize nitro-substituted compounds in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as an electron donor. NTRs are present in a wide range of bacterial genera and, to a lesser extent, in eukaryotes hypoxic tumour cells and tumorous tissues, which makes it an appropriate biomarker for an imaging target to detect the hypoxic status of cancer cells and potential bacterial infections. To evaluate the specific activation level of NTR, great efforts have been devoted to the development of fluorescent probes to detect NTR activities using fluorogenic methods to probe its behaviour in a cellular context; however, NTR-responsive MRI contrast agents are still by far underexplored. In this study, para-nitrobenzyl substituted T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent Gd-DOTA-PNB (probe 1) has been designed and explored for the possible detection of NTR. Our experimental results show that probe 1 could serve as an MRI-enhanced contrast agent for monitoring NTR activity. The in vitro response and mechanism of the NTR catalysed reduction of probe 1 have been investigated through LC-MS and MRI. Para-nitrobenzyl substituted probe 1 was catalytically reduced by NTR to the intermediate para-aminobenzyl substituted probe which then underwent a rearrangement elimination reaction to Gd-DOTA, generating the enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging. Further, LC-MS and MRI studies of living Escherichia coli have confirmed the NTR activity detection ability of probe 1 at a cellular level. This method may potentially be used for the diagnosis of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250200, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Marc Nazare
- Leibniz-Forschngsinstitut fϋr Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Hai-Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
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6
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Mahara A, Enmi JI, Hsu YI, Kobayashi N, Hirano Y, Iida H, Yamaoka T. Superfine Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cerebrovasculature Using Self-Assembled Branched Polyethylene Glycol-Gd Contrast Agent. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1700391. [PMID: 29665311 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance angiography is an attractive method for the visualization of the cerebrovasculature, but small-sized vessels are hard to visualize with the current clinically approved agents. In this study, a polymeric contrast agent for the superfine imaging of the cerebrovasculature is presented. Eight-arm polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of ≈17 000 Da conjugated with a Gd chelate and fluorescein (F-8-arm PEG-Gd) is used. The relaxivity rate is 9.3 × 10-3 m-1 s-1 , which is threefold higher than that of free Gd chelate. Light scattering analysis reveals that F-8-arm PEG-Gd is formed by self-assembly. When the F-8-arm PEG-Gd is intravenously injected, cerebrovasculature as small as 100 µm in diameter is clearly visualized. However, signals are not enhanced when Gd chelate and Gd chelate-conjugated 8-arm PEG are injected. Furthermore, small vasculature around infarct region in rat stroke model can be visualized. These results suggest that F-8-arm PEG-Gd enhances the MR imaging of cerebrovasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Mahara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Enmi
- Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Yu-I Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Naoki Kobayashi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamatecho, Suita, Osaka, 565-8680, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hirano
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamatecho, Suita, Osaka, 565-8680, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Iida
- Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yamaoka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka, 565-8565, Japan
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7
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Angelovski G. Heading toward Macromolecular and Nanosized Bioresponsive MRI Probes for Successful Functional Imaging. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2215-2224. [PMID: 28841293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The quest for bioresponsive or smart contrast agents (SCAs) in molecular imaging, in particular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is progressively increasing since they allow for the monitoring of essential biological processes on molecular and cellular levels in a dynamic fashion. These are offshoot molecules of common contrast agents that are sensitive to biochemical changes in their environment, capable of reporting on such changes by inducing MRI signal alteration. Various mechanistic approaches and different types of SCAs have been developed in order to visualize desired processes, using diverse imaging protocols and methods. To date, the most frequently exploited probes are paramagnetic molecules that change longitudinal or transverse relaxation at proton frequency, or so-called T1- and T2-weighted probes, respectively. Moreover, SCAs operating by the chemical exchange saturation transfer mechanism, suitable for 19F MRI or possessing hyperpolarized nuclei have also appeared in the past decade, slowly finding their role in functional imaging studies. Following these mechanistic principles, a large number of SCAs suitable for diverse targets have been reported to date. This Account condenses this exciting progress, particularly focusing on probes designed for abundant targets that are suitable for practical, in vivo utilization. To date, the greatest advancements have been certainly made in the preparation of pH sensitive probes, which usually contain protonable groups that interact with paramagnetic centers, or take advantage of supramolecular (dis)assembling to induce the MRI signal change, thereupon enabling pH mapping in vivo. In a complementary approach, a combination of metal chelating ligands for Ca2+ or Zn2+ with MR reporting units results in a wide variety of SCAs that operate with different contrast mechanisms and can be used for initial functional experiments. Finally, the first examples of molecular sensing by creating host-guest complexes to track neurotransmitter flux have also been recently reported, allowing the study of brain function in an unprecedented manner. Nevertheless, wider SCA utilization in vivo has not yet been achieved. There are a few reasons for this disparity between their nominal potential and practical usage, with one of the major reasons being the low sensitivity of the MRI technique. Subsequently, the production of detectable signal change can be achieved using higher concentrations of the bioresponsive probe; however, the biocompatibility of these probes then starts to play an important role. An elegant solution to these practical challenges has been found with the integration of multiple small-sized SCAs into macromolecular and nanosized probes. In such case, the multivalent SCAs are able to circumvent the sensitivity issue, thus enhancing the MR signal and desired contrast changes. Moreover, they prolong the probe tissue retention time, while often reducing their toxicity. Finally, with altered size and properties, they allow for exploitation of mechanisms that induce the contrast change which is not possible with small-sized SCAs. To this end, this Account also discusses the current approaches that aim to develop macromolecular and nanosized SCAs suitable for practical MRI applications. With these, further progress of this exciting field is affirmed, with remarkable results expected in the near future on both the probe preparation and their utilization in functional molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Angelovski
- MR Neuroimaging Agents, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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8
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Abstract
Dendritic polymers or dendrimers present an alternate template for the development of nanoparticulate-based drug delivery and imaging systems. The smaller size (~7-12 nm) of dendrimers have the advantage over the other particles, because its smaller size can possibly improve tumor penetration and the inclusion of tumor specific drug release mechanisms. A Paramagnetic Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (PARACEST) MRI contrast agent, Eu-DOTA-Gly4 or a clinical relevant Gd-DOTA was conjugated on the surface of a G5 PAMAM dendrimer. To create a dual mode MRI-optical imaging nanoparticle, Dylight680 was also incorporated on the amines surface of a G5 dendrimer. The particle was detected with in vivo MRI in preclinical glioma animal model. Furthermore, noninvasive imaging results were validated with in vivo and ex-vivo optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meser M Ali
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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9
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Craciun I, Gunkel-Grabole G, Belluati A, Palivan CG, Meier W. Expanding the potential of MRI contrast agents through multifunctional polymeric nanocarriers. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:811-817. [PMID: 28322116 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MRI is a sought-after, noninvasive tool in medical diagnostics, yet the direct application of contrast agents to tissue suffers from several drawbacks. Hosting the contrast agents in polymeric nanocarriers can solve many of these issues while creating additional benefit through exploitation of the intrinsic characteristics of the polymeric carriers. In this report, the versatility is highlighted with recent examples of dendritic and hyperbranched polymers, polymer nanoparticles and micelles, and polymersomes as multifunctional bioresponsive nanocarriers for MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Craciun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gesine Gunkel-Grabole
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Belluati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique with widespread use in diagnosis. Frequently, contrast in MRI is enhanced with the aid of a contrast agent, among which smart, responsive, OFF/ON or activatable probes are of particular interest. These kinds of probes elicit a response to selective stimuli, evidencing the presence of enzymes or acidic pH, for instance. In this review, we will focus on smart probes that are detectable by both 1H and 19F MRI, frequently based on nanomaterials. We will discuss the triggering factors and the strategies employed thus far to activate each probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Carril
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
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11
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Tsitovich PB, Cox JM, Spernyak JA, Morrow JR. Gear Up for a pH Shift: A Responsive Iron(II) 2-Amino-6-picolyl-Appended Macrocyclic paraCEST Agent That Protonates at a Pendent Group. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:12001-12010. [PMID: 27934305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Two high-spin Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (CYCLEN) appended with four 2-amino-6-picolyl groups, denoted as [Fe(TAPC)]2+ and [Co(TAPC)]2+, are reported. These complexes demonstrate C2-symmetrical geometry from coordination of two pendents, and they are present in a single diastereomeric form in aqueous solution as shown by 1H NMR spectroscopy and by a single-crystal X-ray structure for the Co(II) complex. A highly shifted but low-intensity CEST (chemical exchange saturation transfer) signal from NH groups is observed at -118 ppm for [Co(TAPC)]2+ at pH 6.0 and 37 °C. A higher intensity CEST peak is observed for [Fe(TAPC)]2+, which demonstrates a pH-dependent frequency shift from -72 to -79 ppm at pH 7.7 to 4.8, respectively, at 37 °C. This shift in the CEST peak correlates with the protonation of the unbound 2-amino-6-picolyl pendents, as suggested by UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy studies at different pH values. Phantom imaging demonstrates the challenges and feasibility of using the [Fe(TAPC)]2+ agent on a low-field MRI scanner. The [Fe(TAPC)]2+ complex is the first transition-metal-based paraCEST agent that produces a pH-induced CEST frequency change toward the development of probes for concentration-independent imaging of pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel B Tsitovich
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jordan M Cox
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Joseph A Spernyak
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
| | - Janet R Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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12
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Zhang L, Varma NR, Gang ZZ, Ewing JR, Arbab AS, Ali MM. Targeting Triple Negative Breast Cancer with a Small-sized Paramagnetic Nanoparticle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 7. [PMID: 28018751 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is no available targeted therapy or imaging agent for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We developed a small-sized dendrimer-based nanoparticle containing a clinical relevant MRI contrast agent, GdDOTA and a NIR fluorescent dye, DL680. Systemic delivery of dual-modal nanoparticles led to accumulation of the agents in a flank mouse model of TNBC that were detected by both optical and MR imaging. In-vivo fluorescence images, as well as ex-vivo fluorescence images of individual organs, demonstrated that nanoparticles accumulated into tumor selectively. A dual modal strategy resulted in a selective delivery of a small-sized (GdDOTA)42-G4-DL680 dendrimeric agent to TNBC tumors, avoiding other major organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Zhang Z Gang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - James R Ewing
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ali S Arbab
- Tumor Angiogenesis Laboratory, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meser M Ali
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Karki K, Ewing JR, Ali MM. Targeting Glioma with a Dual Mode Optical and Paramagnetic Nanoprobe across the Blood-brain Tumor Barrier. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 7. [PMID: 27695645 PMCID: PMC5042151 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In brain tumors, delivering nanoparticles across the blood-tumor barrier presents major hurdles. A clinically relevant MRI contrast agent, GdDOTA and a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye, DL680 were conjugated to a G5 PAMAM dendrimer, thus producing a dual-mode MRI and NIR imaging agent. Systemic delivery of the subsequent nano-sized agent demonstrated glioma-specific accumulation, probably due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. In vivo MRI detected the agent in glioma tissue, but not in normal contralateral tissue; this observation was validated with in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging. A biodistribution study showed the agent to have accumulated in the glioma tumor and the liver, the latter being the excretion path for a G5 dendrimer-based agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Karki
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - James R Ewing
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Meser M Ali
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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14
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Janic B, Bhuiyan MPI, Ewing JR, Ali MM. pH-Dependent Cellular Internalization of Paramagnetic Nanoparticle. ACS Sens 2016; 1:975-978. [PMID: 28066811 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of the tumor microenvironment in malignant tumor is extracellular acidosis, which can be exploited for targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents. A pH sensitive paramagnetic nanoaparticle (NP) is developed by incorporating GdDOTA-4AmP MRI contrast agent and pHLIP (pH Low Insertion Peptide) into the surface of a G5-PAMAM dendrimer. pHLIP showed pH-selective insertion and folding into cell membranes, but only in acidic conditions. We demonstrated that pHLIP-conjugated Gd44-G5 paramagnetic nanoparticle binds and fuses with cellular membrane at low pH, but not at normal physiological pH, and that it promotes cellular uptake. Intracellular trafficking of NPs showed endosomal/lysosomal path ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislava Janic
- Radiation Oncology and ‡Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Mohammed PI. Bhuiyan
- Radiation Oncology and ‡Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - James R. Ewing
- Radiation Oncology and ‡Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Meser M. Ali
- Radiation Oncology and ‡Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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15
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Gündüz S, Savić T, Pohmann R, Logothetis NK, Scheffler K, Angelovski G. Ratiometric Method for Rapid Monitoring of Biological Processes Using Bioresponsive MRI Contrast Agents. ACS Sens 2016; 1:483-487. [PMID: 29261290 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bioresponsive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents hold great potential for noninvasive tracking of essential biological processes. Consequently, a number of MR sensors for several imaging protocols have been developed, attempting to produce the maximal signal difference for a given event. Here we introduce an approach which could substantially improve the detection of physiological events with fast kinetics. We developed a nanosized, calcium-sensitive dendrimeric probe that changes longitudinal and transverse relaxation times with different magnitudes. The change in their ratio is rapidly recorded by means of a balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging protocol. The employed methodology results in an almost four times greater signal gain per unit of time as compared to conventional T1-weighted imaging with small sized contrast agents. Furthermore, it is suitable for high resolution functional MRI at high magnetic fields. This methodology could evolve into a valuable tool for rapid monitoring of various biological events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nikos K. Logothetis
- Department
of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department
for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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