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Prasad AA, Wallén-Mackenzie Å. Architecture of the subthalamic nucleus. Commun Biol 2024; 7:78. [PMID: 38200143 PMCID: PMC10782020 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05691-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a major neuromodulation target for the alleviation of neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms using deep brain stimulation (DBS). STN-DBS is today applied as treatment in Parkinson´s disease, dystonia, essential tremor, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). STN-DBS also shows promise as a treatment for refractory Tourette syndrome. However, the internal organization of the STN has remained elusive and challenges researchers and clinicians: How can this small brain structure engage in the multitude of functions that renders it a key hub for therapeutic intervention of a variety of brain disorders ranging from motor to affective to cognitive? Based on recent gene expression studies of the STN, a comprehensive view of the anatomical and cellular organization, including revelations of spatio-molecular heterogeneity, is now possible to outline. In this review, we focus attention to the neurobiological architecture of the STN with specific emphasis on molecular patterns discovered within this complex brain area. Studies from human, non-human primate, and rodent brains now reveal anatomically defined distribution of specific molecular markers. Together their spatial patterns indicate a heterogeneous molecular architecture within the STN. Considering the translational capacity of targeting the STN in severe brain disorders, the addition of molecular profiling of the STN will allow for advancement in precision of clinical STN-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asheeta A Prasad
- University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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2
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Wang J, Wang X, Li H, Shi L, Song N, Xie J. Updates on brain regions and neuronal circuits of movement disorders in Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102097. [PMID: 38511877 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a global burden that affects more often in the elderly. The basal ganglia (BG) is believed to account for movement disorders in PD. More recently, new findings in the original regions in BG involved in motor control, as well as the new circuits or new nucleuses previously not specifically considered were explored. In the present review, we provide up-to-date information related to movement disorders and modulations in PD, especially from the perspectives of brain regions and neuronal circuits. Meanwhile, there are updates in deep brain stimulation (DBS) and other factors for the motor improvement in PD. Comprehensive understandings of brain regions and neuronal circuits involved in motor control could benefit the development of novel therapeutical strategies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Limin Shi
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Song
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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3
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Xu W, Wang J, Li XN, Liang J, Song L, Wu Y, Liu Z, Sun B, Li WG. Neuronal and synaptic adaptations underlying the benefits of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:55. [PMID: 38037124 PMCID: PMC10688037 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established and effective treatment for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), yet its underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Optogenetics, primarily conducted in animal models, provides a unique approach that allows cell type- and projection-specific modulation that mirrors the frequency-dependent stimulus effects of DBS. Opto-DBS research in animal models plays a pivotal role in unraveling the neuronal and synaptic adaptations that contribute to the efficacy of DBS in PD treatment. DBS-induced neuronal responses rely on a complex interplay between the distributions of presynaptic inputs, frequency-dependent synaptic depression, and the intrinsic excitability of postsynaptic neurons. This orchestration leads to conversion of firing patterns, enabling both antidromic and orthodromic modulation of neural circuits. Understanding these mechanisms is vital for decoding position- and programming-dependent effects of DBS. Furthermore, patterned stimulation is emerging as a promising strategy yielding long-lasting therapeutic benefits. Research on the neuronal and synaptic adaptations to DBS may pave the way for the development of more enduring and precise modulation patterns. Advanced technologies, such as adaptive DBS or directional electrodes, can also be integrated for circuit-specific neuromodulation. These insights hold the potential to greatly improve the effectiveness of DBS and advance PD treatment to new levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xin-Ni Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingxue Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lu Song
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Bomin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Wei-Guang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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4
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Sitzia G, Lovinger DM. Circuit dysfunctions of associative and sensorimotor basal ganglia loops in alcohol use disorder: insights from animal models. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 5:100056. [PMID: 36567745 PMCID: PMC9788651 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Persons that develop Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) experience behavioral changes that include compulsion to seek and take alcohol despite its negative consequences on the person's psychosocial, health and economic spheres, inability to limit alcohol intake and a negative emotional/ motivational state that emerges during withdrawal. During all the stages of AUD executive functions, i.e. the person's ability to direct their behavior towards a goal, working memory and cognitive flexibility are eroded. Animal models of AUD recapitulate aspects of action selection impairment and offer the opportunity to benchmark the underlying circuit mechanisms. Here we propose a circuit-based approach to AUD research focusing on recent advances in behavioral analysis, neuroanatomy, genetics, and physiology to guide future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Sitzia
- Current Address: Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, USA
- Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17164 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David M. Lovinger
- Current Address: Laboratory for Integrative Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, USA
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5
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Yang Y, Jiang T, Jia X, Yuan J, Li X, Gong H. Whole-Brain Connectome of GABAergic Neurons in the Mouse Zona Incerta. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1315-1329. [PMID: 35984621 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00930-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The zona incerta (ZI) is involved in various functions and may serve as an integrative node of the circuits for global behavioral modulation. However, the long-range connectivity of different sectors in the mouse ZI has not been comprehensively mapped. Here, we obtained whole-brain images of the input and output connections via fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography and viral tracing. The principal regions in the input-output circuits of ZI GABAergic neurons were topologically organized. The 3D distribution of cortical inputs showed rostro-caudal correspondence with different ZI sectors, while the projection fibers from ZI sectors were longitudinally organized in the superior colliculus. Clustering results show that the medial and lateral ZI are two different major functional compartments, and they can be further divided into more subdomains based on projection and input connectivity. This study provides a comprehensive anatomical foundation for understanding how the ZI is involved in integrating different information, conveying motivational states, and modulating global behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xueyan Jia
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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6
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Moolchand P, Jones SR, Frank MJ. Biophysical and Architectural Mechanisms of Subthalamic Theta under Response Conflict. J Neurosci 2022; 42:4470-4487. [PMID: 35477903 PMCID: PMC9172290 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2433-19.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cortico-basal ganglia circuit is needed to suppress prepotent actions and to facilitate controlled behavior. Under conditions of response conflict, the frontal cortex and subthalamic nucleus (STN) exhibit increased spiking and theta band power, which are linked to adaptive regulation of behavioral output. The electrophysiological mechanisms underlying these neural signatures of impulse control remain poorly understood. To address this lacuna, we constructed a novel large-scale, biophysically principled model of the subthalamopallidal (STN-globus pallidus externus) network and examined the mechanisms that modulate theta power and spiking in response to cortical input. Simulations confirmed that theta power does not emerge from intrinsic network dynamics but is robustly elicited in response to cortical input as burst events representing action selection dynamics. Rhythmic burst events of multiple cortical populations, representing a state of conflict where cortical motor plans vacillate in the theta range, led to prolonged STN theta and increased spiking, consistent with empirical literature. Notably, theta band signaling required NMDA, but not AMPA, currents, which were in turn related to a triphasic STN response characterized by spiking, silence, and bursting periods. Finally, theta band resonance was also strongly modulated by architectural connectivity, with maximal theta arising when multiple cortical populations project to individual STN "conflict detector" units because of an NMDA-dependent supralinear response. Our results provide insights into the biophysical principles and architectural constraints that give rise to STN dynamics during response conflict, and how their disruption can lead to impulsivity and compulsivity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The subthalamic nucleus exhibits theta band power modulation related to cognitive control over motor actions during conditions of response conflict. However, the mechanisms of such dynamics are not understood. Here we developed a novel biophysically detailed and data-constrained large-scale model of the subthalamopallidal network, and examined the impacts of cellular and network architectural properties that give rise to theta dynamics. Our investigations implicate an important role for NMDA receptors and cortico-subthalamic nucleus topographical connectivities in theta power modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prannath Moolchand
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Stephanie R Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Michael J Frank
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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Jeon H, Lee H, Kwon DH, Kim J, Tanaka-Yamamoto K, Yook JS, Feng L, Park HR, Lim YH, Cho ZH, Paek SH, Kim J. Topographic connectivity and cellular profiling reveal detailed input pathways and functionally distinct cell types in the subthalamic nucleus. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110439. [PMID: 35235786 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) controls psychomotor activity and is an efficient therapeutic deep brain stimulation target in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Despite evidence indicating position-dependent therapeutic effects and distinct functions within the STN, the input circuit and cellular profile in the STN remain largely unclear. Using neuroanatomical techniques, we construct a comprehensive connectivity map of the indirect and hyperdirect pathways in the mouse STN. Our circuit- and cellular-level connectivities reveal a topographically graded organization with three types of indirect and hyperdirect pathways (external globus pallidus only, STN only, and collateral). We confirm consistent pathways into the human STN by 7 T MRI-based tractography. We identify two functional types of topographically distinct glutamatergic STN neurons (parvalbumin [PV+/-]) with synaptic connectivity from indirect and hyperdirect pathways. Glutamatergic PV+ STN neurons contribute to burst firing. These data suggest a complex interplay of information integration within the basal ganglia underlying coordinated movement control and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungju Jeon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02792 Korea
| | - Hojin Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02792 Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kwon
- Neuroscience Convergence Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02792 Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Keiko Tanaka-Yamamoto
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02792 Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Jang Soo Yook
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02792 Korea
| | - Linqing Feng
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02792 Korea
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Lim
- Neurosurgery, Movement Disorder Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology (AICT), Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Zang-Hee Cho
- Neuroscience Convergence Center, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Neurosurgery, Movement Disorder Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology (AICT), Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbukgu, Seoul 02792 Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.
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8
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Nakata KG, Yin E, Sutlief E, Ferguson SM. Chemogenetic modulation reveals distinct roles of the subthalamic nucleus and its afferents in the regulation of locomotor sensitization to amphetamine in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:353-364. [PMID: 34549316 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05985-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a key node in cortico-basal-ganglia thalamic circuits, guiding behavioral output through its position as an excitatory relay of the striatal indirect pathway and its direct connections with the cortex. There have been conflicting results regarding the role of the STN in addiction-related behavior to psychostimulants, and little is known with respect to the role of STN afferents. To address this, we used viral vectors to express DREADDs (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) in the STN of rats in order to bidirectionally manipulate STN activity during the induction of amphetamine sensitization. In addition, we used a Cre-recombinase dependent Gi/o-coupled DREADD approach to transiently inhibit afferents from ventral pallidum (a subcomponent of the striatal indirect pathway) or the prelimbic cortex (a subcomponent of the cortico-STN hyperdirect pathway). Despite inducing mild hyperactivity in non-drug controls, stimulation of STN neurons with Gq-DREADDs blocked the development and persistence of amphetamine sensitization as well as conditioned responding. In contrast, inhibition of STN neurons with Gi/o-DREADDs enhanced the induction of sensitization without altering its persistence or conditioned responding. Chemogenetic inhibition of afferents from ventral pallidum had no effect on amphetamine sensitization but blocked conditioned responding whereas chemogenetic inhibition of afferents from prelimbic cortex attenuated the persistence of sensitization as well as conditioned responding. These results suggest the STN and its afferents play complex roles in the regulation of amphetamine sensitization and highlight the need for further characterization of how integration of inputs within STN guide behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Nakata
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - E Yin
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - E Sutlief
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Susan M Ferguson
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. .,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. .,Addictions, Drug & Alcohol Insitute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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9
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A primate temporal cortex-zona incerta pathway for novelty seeking. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:50-60. [PMID: 34903880 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primates interact with the world by exploring visual objects; they seek opportunities to view novel objects even when these have no extrinsic reward value. How the brain controls this novelty seeking is unknown. Here we show that novelty seeking in monkeys is regulated by the zona incerta (ZI). As monkeys made eye movements to familiar objects to trigger an opportunity to view novel objects, many ZI neurons were preferentially activated by predictions of novel objects before the gaze shift. Low-intensity ZI stimulation facilitated gaze shifts, whereas ZI inactivation reduced novelty seeking. ZI-dependent novelty seeking was not regulated by neurons in the lateral habenula or by many dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, traditionally associated with reward seeking. But the anterior ventral medial temporal cortex, an area important for object vision and memory, was a prominent source of novelty predictions. These data uncover a functional pathway in the primate brain that regulates novelty seeking.
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10
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Balan S, Ohnishi T, Watanabe A, Ohba H, Iwayama Y, Toyoshima M, Hara T, Hisano Y, Miyasaka Y, Toyota T, Shimamoto-Mitsuyama C, Maekawa M, Numata S, Ohmori T, Shimogori T, Kikkawa Y, Hayashi T, Yoshikawa T. Role of an Atypical Cadherin Gene, Cdh23 in Prepulse Inhibition, and Implication of CDH23 in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1190-1200. [PMID: 33595068 PMCID: PMC8266601 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for prepulse inhibition (PPI), an endophenotype of schizophrenia, on mouse chromosome 10 and reported Fabp7 as a candidate gene from an analysis of F2 mice from inbred strains with high (C57BL/6N; B6) and low (C3H/HeN; C3H) PPI levels. Here, we reanalyzed the previously reported QTLs with increased marker density. The highest logarithm of odds score (26.66) peaked at a synonymous coding and splice-site variant, c.753G>A (rs257098870), in the Cdh23 gene on chromosome 10; the c.753G (C3H) allele showed a PPI-lowering effect. Bayesian multiple QTL mapping also supported the same variant with a posterior probability of 1. Thus, we engineered the c.753G (C3H) allele into the B6 genetic background, which led to dampened PPI. We also revealed an e-QTL (expression QTL) effect imparted by the c.753G>A variant for the Cdh23 expression in the brain. In a human study, a homologous variant (c.753G>A; rs769896655) in CDH23 showed a nominally significant enrichment in individuals with schizophrenia. We also identified multiple potentially deleterious CDH23 variants in individuals with schizophrenia. Collectively, the present study reveals a PPI-regulating Cdh23 variant and a possible contribution of CDH23 to schizophrenia susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabeesh Balan
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan,Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (IMHANS), Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisako Ohba
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hara
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan,Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hisano
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyasaka
- Deafness Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan,Division of Experimental Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Toyota
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Motoko Maekawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan,Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimogori
- Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kikkawa
- Deafness Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hayashi
- Agricultural Artificial Intelligence (AI) Research Office, Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan,To whom correspondence should be addressed; 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; tel: +81-48-467-5968, fax: +81-48-467-7462, e-mail:
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11
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Sedaghat K, Gundlach AL, Finkelstein DI. Analysis of morphological and neurochemical changes in subthalamic nucleus neurons in response to a unilateral 6-OHDA lesion of the substantia nigra in adult rats. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 10:96-103. [PMID: 33842916 PMCID: PMC8019994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons undergo changes in their pattern of activity and morphology during the clinical course of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Striatal dopamine depletion and hyperactivity of neurons in the parafascicular nucleus (Pf) of the intralaminar thalamus are predicted to contribute to the STN changes. Objective This study investigated possible morphological and neurochemical changes in STN neurons in a rat model of unilateral, nigral dopamine neuron loss, in relation to previously documented alterations in Pf neurons. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Rats were randomly divided into two groups (6/group) for study at 1 and 5 months by post-treatment. The extent of SNpc dopamine neuron damage was assessed in an amphetamine-induced rotation test and postmortem assessment of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA levels using in situ hybridization histochemistry. Neural cross-sectional measurements and assessment of vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (vGlut2) mRNA levels were performed to measure the impact on neurons in the STN. Results A unilateral SNpc dopaminergic neuron lesion significantly decreased the cross-sectional area of STN neurons ipsilateral to the lesion, at 1 month (P < 0.05) and 5 months (P < 0.01) post-lesion, while bilateral vGlut2 mRNA levels in STN neurons were unaltered. Conclusions Decreased size of STN neurons in the presence of sustained vGlut2 mRNA levels following a unilateral SNpc 6-OHDA lesion, indicate altered STN physiology. This study presents further details of changes within the STN, coincident with observed alterations in Pf neurons and behaviour. Data availability The data associated with the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Sedaghat
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew L Gundlach
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David I Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Oh SG, Hwang YG, Lee HS. LIM homeobox 6 (Lhx6)+ neurons in the ventral zona incerta project to the core portion of the lateral supramammillary nucleus in the rat. Brain Res 2020; 1748:147125. [PMID: 32931819 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There was a recent report suggesting that LIM homeobox 6 (Lhx6)+ GABA-releasing neurons of the ventral zona incerta (ZI) promote sleep. We demonstrated in the previous study that Lhx6+ ZI neurons are activated during paradoxical sleep (PS) hypersomnia which was induced by 48-hour PS deprivation, implying their roles in the control of PS like melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) cells. Since the core portion of the lateral supramammillary nucleus (SUMl) is the major hypothalamic area activating the dentate gyrus as well as other limbic cortices during PS, we examined in the present study whether Lhx6+ ZI cells provide efferent projections to the SUMl, using the retrograde-tracing method. The majority of Lhx6+ neurons projecting to the SUMl occupied the ventral border (or ventral one-third) of the ventral ZI. Based on the quantitative analysis, the mean number of retrogradely-labeled Lhx6+ neurons was comparable to that of retrogradely-labeled MCH cells in the ZI. However, the total (i.e., single- plus double-labeled) number of Lhx6+ cells was approximately three times larger than that of MCH cells in the ZI. Thus, the proportion (about 7.8%) of retrogradely-labeled Lhx6+ neurons over the total Lhx6+ cells was approximately one-third of the percentage (about 20.9%) of retrogradely-labeled MCH neurons over the total MCH cells. On the other hand, a combination of retrogradely-labeled, Lhx6 and MCH cells occupied approximately 43.7% of the total retrogradely-labeled neurons in the ventral ZI. The present observations suggested that Lhx6+ neurons in the ventral ZI might play an important role in the regulation of PS, partly via the neural network involving the SUMl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gyoon Oh
- Dept of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 05029 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gi Hwang
- Dept of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 05029 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Lee
- Dept of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 05029 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 05029 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Nishioka T, Hamaguchi K, Yawata S, Hikida T, Watanabe D. Chemogenetic Suppression of the Subthalamic Nucleus Induces Attentional Deficits and Impulsive Action in a Five-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task in Mice. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:38. [PMID: 32714157 PMCID: PMC7344274 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN), a key component of the basal ganglia circuitry, receives inputs from broad cerebral cortical areas and relays cortical activity to subcortical structures. Recent human and animal studies have suggested that executive function, which is assumed to consist of a set of different cognitive processes for controlling behavior, depends on precise information processing between the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures, leading to the idea that the STN contains neurons that transmit the information required for cognitive processing through their activity, and is involved in such cognitive control directly and dynamically. On the other hand, the STN activity also affects intracellular signal transduction and gene expression profiles influencing plasticity in other basal ganglia components. The STN may also indirectly contribute to information processing for cognitive control in other brain areas by regulating slower signaling mechanisms. However, the precise correspondence and causal relationship between the STN activity and cognitive processes are not fully understood. To address how the STN activity is involved in cognitive processes for controlling behavior, we applied Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD)-based chemogenetic manipulation of neural activity to behavioral analysis using a touchscreen operant platform. We subjected mice selectively expressing DREADD receptors in the STN neurons to a five-choice serial reaction time task, which has been developed to quantitatively measure executive function. Chemogenetic suppression of the STN activity reversibly impaired attention, especially required under highly demanding conditions, and increased impulsivity but not compulsivity. These findings, taken together with the results of previous lesion studies, suggest that the STN activity, directly and indirectly, participates in cognitive processing for controlling behavior, and dynamically regulates specific types of subprocesses in cognitive control probably through fast synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaaki Nishioka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hamaguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yawata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Dai Watanabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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14
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Prefrontal - subthalamic pathway supports action selection in a spatial working memory task. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10497. [PMID: 32591609 PMCID: PMC7320162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Subthalamic nucleus (STN) is the main source of feed-forward excitation in the basal ganglia and a main target of therapeutic deep brain stimulation in movement disorders. Alleviation of motor symptoms during STN stimulation can be accompanied by deterioration of abilities to quickly choose between conflicting alternatives. Cortical afferents to the subthalamic region (ST), comprising STN and zona incerta (ZI), include projections from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), yet little is known about prefrontal-subthalamic coordination and its relevance for decision-making. Here we combined electrophysiological recordings with optogenetic manipulations of projections from mPFC to ST in mice as they performed a spatial working memory task (T-maze) or explored an elevated plus maze (anxiety test). We found that gamma oscillations (30–70 Hz) are coordinated between mPFC and ST at theta (5–10 Hz) and, less efficiently, at sub-theta (2–5 Hz) frequencies. An optogenetic detuning of the theta/gamma cross-frequency coupling between the regions into sub-theta range impaired performance in the T-maze, yet did not affect anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated plus maze. Both detuning and inhibition of the mPFC-ST pathway led to repeated incorrect choices in the T-maze. These effects were not associated with changes of anxiety and motor activity measures. Our findings suggest that action selection in a cognitively demanding task crucially involves theta rhythmic coordination of gamma oscillatory signaling in the prefrontal-subthalamic pathway.
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15
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Individual Mesopontine Neurons Implicated in Anesthetic Loss-of-consciousness Employ Separate Ascending Pathways to the Cerebral Cortex. Neuroscience 2020; 432:188-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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16
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Projection Patterns of Corticofugal Neurons Associated with Vibrissa Movement. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0190-18. [PMID: 30406196 PMCID: PMC6220590 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0190-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents actively whisk their vibrissae, which, when they come in contact with surrounding objects, enables rodents to gather spatial information about the environment. Cortical motor command of whisking is crucial for the control of vibrissa movement. Using awake and head-fixed rats, we investigated the correlations between axonal projection patterns and firing properties in identified layer 5 neurons in the motor cortex, which are associated with vibrissa movement. We found that cortical neurons that sent axons to the brainstem fired preferentially during large-amplitude vibrissa movements and that corticocallosal neurons exhibited a high firing rate during small vibrissa movements or during a quiet state. The differences between these two corticofugal circuits may be related to the mechanisms of motor-associated information processing.
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17
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D5 dopamine receptors control glutamatergic AMPA transmission between the motor cortex and subthalamic nucleus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8858. [PMID: 29891970 PMCID: PMC5995923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticofugal fibers target the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a component nucleus of the basal ganglia, in addition to the striatum, their main input. The cortico-subthalamic, or hyperdirect, pathway, is thought to supplement the cortico-striatal pathways in order to interrupt/change planned actions. To explore the previously unknown properties of the neurons that project to the STN, retrograde and anterograde tools were used to specifically identify them in the motor cortex and selectively stimulate their synapses in the STN. The cortico-subthalamic neurons exhibited very little sag and fired an initial doublet followed by non-adapting action potentials. In the STN, AMPA/kainate synaptic currents had a voltage-dependent conductance, indicative of GluA2-lacking receptors and were partly inhibited by Naspm. AMPA transmission displayed short-term depression, with the exception of a limited bandpass in the 5 to 15 Hz range. AMPA synaptic currents were negatively controlled by dopamine D5 receptors. The reduction in synaptic strength was due to postsynaptic D5 receptors, mediated by a PKA-dependent pathway, but did not involve a modified rectification index. Our data indicated that dopamine, through post-synaptic D5 receptors, limited the cortical drive onto STN neurons in the normal brain.
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18
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Anderson RW, Farokhniaee A, Gunalan K, Howell B, McIntyre CC. Action potential initiation, propagation, and cortical invasion in the hyperdirect pathway during subthalamic deep brain stimulation. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:1140-1150. [PMID: 29779963 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High frequency (∼130 Hz) deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic region is an established clinical therapy for the treatment of late stage Parkinson's disease (PD). Direct modulation of the hyperdirect pathway, defined as cortical layer V pyramidal neurons that send an axon collateral to the subthalamic nucleus (STN), has emerged as a possible component of the therapeutic mechanisms. However, numerous questions remain to be addressed on the basic biophysics of hyperdirect pathway stimulation. OBJECTIVE Quantify action potential (AP) initiation, propagation, and cortical invasion in hyperdirect neurons during subthalamic stimulation. METHODS We developed an anatomically and electrically detailed computational model of hyperdirect neuron stimulation with explicit representation of the stimulating electric field, axonal response, AP propagation, and synaptic transmission. RESULTS We found robust AP propagation throughout the complex axonal arbor of the hyperdirect neuron. Even at therapeutic DBS frequencies, stimulation induced APs could reach all of the intracortical axon terminals with ∼100% fidelity. The functional result of this high frequency axonal driving of the thousands of synaptic connections made by each directly stimulated hyperdirect neuron is a profound synaptic suppression that would effectively disconnect the neuron from the cortical circuitry. CONCLUSIONS The synaptic suppression hypothesis integrates the fundamental biophysics of electrical stimulation, axonal transmission, and synaptic physiology to explain a generic mechanism of DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross W Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - AmirAli Farokhniaee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Kabilar Gunalan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bryan Howell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Cameron C McIntyre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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19
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Fillinger C, Yalcin I, Barrot M, Veinante P. Efferents of anterior cingulate areas 24a and 24b and midcingulate areas 24a' and 24b' in the mouse. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:1747-1778. [PMID: 29209804 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1585-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), constituted by areas 25, 32, 24a and 24b in rodents, plays a major role in cognition, emotion and pain. In a previous study, we described the afferents of areas 24a and 24b and those of areas 24a' and 24b' of midcingulate cortex (MCC) in mice and highlighted some density differences among cingulate inputs (Fillinger et al., Brain Struct Funct 222:1509-1532, 2017). To complete this connectome, we analyzed here the efferents of ACC and MCC by injecting anterograde tracers in areas 24a/24b of ACC and 24a'/24b' of MCC. Our results reveal a common projections pattern from both ACC and MCC, targeting the cortical mantle (intracingulate, retrosplenial and parietal associative cortex), the non-cortical basal forebrain, (dorsal striatum, septum, claustrum, basolateral amygdala), the hypothalamus (anterior, lateral, posterior), the thalamus (anterior, laterodorsal, ventral, mediodorsal, midline and intralaminar nuclei), the brainstem (periaqueductal gray, superior colliculus, pontomesencephalic reticular formation, pontine nuclei, tegmental nuclei) and the spinal cord. In addition to an overall denser ACC projection pattern compared to MCC, our analysis revealed clear differences in the density and topography of efferents between ACC and MCC, as well as between dorsal (24b/24b') and ventral (24a/24a') areas, suggesting a common functionality of these two cingulate regions supplemented by specific roles of each area. These results provide a detailed analysis of the efferents of the mouse areas 24a/24b and 24a'/24b' and achieve the description of the cingulate connectome, which bring the anatomical basis necessary to address the roles of ACC and MCC in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Fillinger
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UPR3212, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084, Strasbourg, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ipek Yalcin
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UPR3212, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Barrot
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UPR3212, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Veinante
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UPR3212, 5 rue Blaise Pascal, 67084, Strasbourg, France. .,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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20
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Nakajima A, Shimo Y, Uka T, Hattori N. Subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus interna influence firing of tonically active neurons in the primate striatum through different mechanisms. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2662-2673. [PMID: 28949036 PMCID: PMC5765455 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Both the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) are major targets for neuromodulation therapy for movement disorders. An example of such a therapy is deep brain stimulation (DBS). The striatum is the primary target for pharmacological treatment of these disorders. To further our understanding of both the functional relationships among motor nuclei and the mechanisms of therapies for movement disorders, it is important to clarify how changing the neuronal activity of one target, either by medication or by artificial electrical stimulation, affects the other connected nuclei. To investigate this point, we recorded single-unit activity from tonically active neurons (TANs), which are putative cholinergic interneurons in the striatum, of healthy monkeys (Macaca fuscata) during electrical stimulation of the STN or GPi. Both STN stimulation and GPi stimulation reduced the TAN spike rate. Local infusion of a D2 receptor antagonist in the striatum blocked the reduction in spike rate induced by STN stimulation but not that induced by GPi stimulation. Further, STN stimulation induced phasic dopamine release in the striatum as revealed by in vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. These results suggest the presence of multiple, strong functional relationships among the STN, GPi, and striatum that have different pathways and imply distinct therapeutic mechanisms for STN- and GPi-DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Nakajima
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimo
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Research and Therapeutics for Movement Disorders, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Moon HC, Park YS. Reduced GABAergic neuronal activity in zona incerta causes neuropathic pain in a rat sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury model. J Pain Res 2017; 10:1125-1134. [PMID: 28546770 PMCID: PMC5436785 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s131104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The zona incerta (ZI) is below the ventral tier of the thalamus and has a strong influence selectively in higher-order thalamic relays. Although neuropathic pain has been suggested to result from reduced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABAergic signaling in the ZI, the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the role of GABA and GABAergic signaling was investigated in the ZI in neuropathic pain using sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single-unit neuronal activity was recorded, and microdialysis was performed in the ZI of CCI rats and sham-treated rats in vivo. This study also compared ZI neuronal activity after treatment with saline, the GABAA receptor agonist (muscimol), or the GABAA receptor antagonist (bicuculline). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION CCI rats exhibited hypersensitivity to pain as evidenced by decreased hind paw withdrawal threshold and latency. CCI rats also showed reduced GABA level and decreased neuronal activity in the ZI compared with sham-treated rats. Treatment with GABAA receptor agonist, but not GABAA receptor antagonist, ameliorated pain hypersensitivity and increased the firing rate (spikes/s) of ZI neurons in CCI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young Seok Park
- Department of Medical Neuroscience
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurofuture Laboratory, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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22
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Heldmann M, Münte TF, Paracka L, Beyer F, Brüggemann N, Saryyeva A, Rasche D, Krauss JK, Tronnier VM. Human subthalamic nucleus - Automatic auditory change detection as a basis for action selection. Neuroscience 2017; 355:141-148. [PMID: 28504196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) shapes motor behavior and is important for the initiation and termination of movements. Here we ask whether the STN takes aggregated sensory information into account, in order to exert this function. To this end, local field potentials (LFP) were recorded in eight patients suffering from Parkinson's disease and receiving deep-brain stimulation of the STN bilaterally. Bipolar recordings were obtained postoperatively from the externalized electrode leads. Patients were passively exposed to trains of auditory stimuli containing global deviants, local deviants or combined global/local deviants. The surface event-related potentials of the Parkinson's patients as well as those of 19 age-matched healthy controls were characterized by a mismatch negativity (MMN) that was most pronounced for the global/local double deviants and less prominent for the other deviant conditions. The left and right STN LFPs similarly were modulated by stimulus deviance starting at about 100ms post-stimulus onset. The MMN has been viewed as an index of an automatic auditory change detection system, more recently phrased in terms of predictive coding theory, which prepares the organism for attention shifts and for action. The LFP-data from the STN clearly demonstrate that the STN receives information on stimulus deviance, possibly as a means to bias the system to interrupt ongoing and to allow alternative actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Heldmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas F Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Lejla Paracka
- Department of Neurology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frederike Beyer
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Assel Saryyeva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Rasche
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joachim K Krauss
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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The rostromedial zona incerta is involved in attentional processes while adjacent LHA responds to arousal: c-Fos and anatomical evidence. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:2507-2525. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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24
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Janssen MLF, Temel Y, Delaville C, Zwartjes DGM, Heida T, De Deurwaerdère P, Visser-Vandewalle V, Benazzouz A. Cortico-subthalamic inputs from the motor, limbic, and associative areas in normal and dopamine-depleted rats are not fully segregated. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 222:2473-2485. [PMID: 28013397 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) receives monosynaptic glutamatergic afferents from different areas of the cortex, known as the "hyperdirect" pathway. The STN has been divided into three distinct subdivisions, motor, limbic, and associative parts in line with the concept of parallel information processing. The extent to which the parallel information processing coming from distinct cortical areas overlaps in the different territories of the STN is still a matter of debate and the proposed role of dopaminergic neurons in maintaining the coherence of responses to cortical inputs in each territory is not documented. Using extracellular electrophysiological approaches, we investigated to what degree the motor and non-motor regions in the STN are segregated in control and dopamine (DA) depleted rats. We performed electrical stimulation of different cortical areas and recorded STN neuronal responses. We showed that motor and non-motor cortico-subthalamic pathways are not fully segregated, but partially integrated in the rat. This integration was mostly present through the indirect pathway. The spatial distribution and response latencies were the same in sham and 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned animals. The inhibitory phase was, however, less apparent in the lesioned animals. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that motor and non-motor cortico-subthalamic pathways in the rat are not fully segregated, but partially integrated. This integration was mostly present through the indirect pathway. We also show that the inhibitory phase induced by GABAergic inputs from the external segment of the globus pallidus is reduced in the DA-depleted animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus L F Janssen
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 146, Rue Léo-Saignat, 33000, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Delaville
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 146, Rue Léo-Saignat, 33000, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daphne G M Zwartjes
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Biomedical Signals and Systems group, Twente University, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Heida
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Biomedical Signals and Systems group, Twente University, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 146, Rue Léo-Saignat, 33000, Bordeaux Cedex, France
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Abdelhamid Benazzouz
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 146, Rue Léo-Saignat, 33000, Bordeaux Cedex, France.
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Kita T, Shigematsu N, Kita H. Intralaminar and tectal projections to the subthalamus in the rat. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2899-2908. [PMID: 27717088 PMCID: PMC5157720 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Projections from the posterior intralaminar thalamic nuclei and the superior colliculus (SC) to the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the zona incerta (ZI) have been described in the primate and rodent. The aims of this study was to investigate several questions on these projections, using modern neurotracing techniques in rats, to advance our understanding of the role of STN and ZI. We examined whether projection patterns to the subthlamus can be used to identify homologues of the primate centromedian (CM) and the parafascicular nucleus (Pf) in the rodent, the topography of the projection including what percent of intralaminar neurons participate in the projections, and electron microscopic examination of intralaminar synaptic boutons in STN. The aim on the SC‐subthalamic projection was to examine whether STN is the main target of the projection. This study revealed: (i) the areas similar to primate CM and Pf could be recognized in the rat; (ii) the Pf‐like area sends a very heavy topographically organized projection to STN but very sparse projection to ZI, which suggested that Pf might control basal ganglia function through STN; (iii) the projection from the CM‐like area to the subthalamus was very sparse; (iv) Pf boutons and randomly sampled asymmetrical synapses had similar distributions on the dendrites of STN neurons; and (v) the lateral part of the deep layers of SC sends a very heavy projection to ZI and moderate to sparse projection to limited parts of STN, suggesting that SC is involved in a limited control of basal ganglia function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Kita
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Naoki Shigematsu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kita
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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Menegas W, Bergan JF, Ogawa SK, Isogai Y, Umadevi Venkataraju K, Osten P, Uchida N, Watabe-Uchida M. Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an anatomically distinct subclass. eLife 2015; 4:e10032. [PMID: 26322384 PMCID: PMC4598831 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining rabies-virus tracing, optical clearing (CLARITY), and whole-brain light-sheet imaging, we mapped the monosynaptic inputs to midbrain dopamine neurons projecting to different targets (different parts of the striatum, cortex, amygdala, etc) in mice. We found that most populations of dopamine neurons receive a similar set of inputs rather than forming strong reciprocal connections with their target areas. A common feature among most populations of dopamine neurons was the existence of dense ‘clusters’ of inputs within the ventral striatum. However, we found that dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum were outliers, receiving relatively few inputs from the ventral striatum and instead receiving more inputs from the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and zona incerta. These results lay a foundation for understanding the input/output structure of the midbrain dopamine circuit and demonstrate that dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum constitute a unique class of dopamine neurons regulated by different inputs. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10032.001 Most neurons send their messages to recipient neurons by releasing a substance called a ‘neurotransmitter’ that binds to receptors on the target cell. The sites of this type of signal transmission are called synapses. Some small populations of neurons modulate the activity of hundreds or thousands of these synapses all across the brain by releasing ‘neuromodulators’ that affect how they work. These neuromodulators are essential because they broadcast information that is likely to be useful to many brain regions, like a ‘news channel’ for the brain. One important neuromodulator in the mammalian brain is dopamine, which contributes to motivation, learning, and the control of movement. Clusters of cells deep in the brain release dopamine, and people with Parkinson's disease gradually lose these cells. This makes it increasingly difficult for their brains to produce the correct amount of dopamine, and results in symptoms such as tremors and stiff muscles. Individual dopamine neurons typically send information to a single part of the brain. This suggests that dopamine neurons with different targets might have different roles. To explore this possibility, Menegas et al. classified dopamine neurons in the mouse brain into eight types based on the areas to which they project, and then mapped which neurons send input signals to each type. These inputs are likely to shape the activity of each type (that is, their ‘message’ to the rest of the brain). The mapping revealed that most dopamine neurons do not receive substantial input from the area to which they project (i.e., they do not form ‘closed loops’). Instead, most of their input comes from a common set of brain regions, including a particularly large number of inputs from the ventral striatum. However, Menegas et al. found one exception. Dopamine neurons that target part of the brain called the posterior striatum receive relatively little input from the ventral striatum. Their input comes instead from a set of other brain structures, and in particular from a region called the subthalamic nucleus. Electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus can help to relieve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Therefore, the results presented by Menegas et al. suggest that this population of dopamine neurons might be particularly relevant to Parkinson's disease and that focusing future studies on them could ultimately be beneficial for patients. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10032.002
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Affiliation(s)
- William Menegas
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Joseph F Bergan
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Sachie K Ogawa
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Yoh Isogai
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Pavel Osten
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | - Naoshige Uchida
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Mitsuko Watabe-Uchida
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
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