Electrochemical Applications of Ferrocene-Based Coordination Polymers

SiO2@Benzothiazole-Cl@Fc as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Pyrazoles by A3 Coupling

This research introduces the preparation and analysis of a newly heterogeneous catalyst developed silica nanospheres supporting a ferrocene-containing ionic liquid (IL) (SiO2@Benzothiazole-Cl@Fc) for the A3 coupling reaction. The catalyst facilitates the efficient synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles from aromatic hydrazides, aldehydes, and aromatic alkynes. Incorporating ferrocene enhances the catalytic activity. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including NMR, Fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, confirm the successful functionalization of silica nanospheres. The catalytic performance was evaluated under various reaction conditions, demonstrating high yields and selectivity for the desired pyrazole products. This work highlights the potential of ferrocene-based ILs in green chemistry applications, providing a sustainable approach to synthesizing valuable heterocyclic compounds.

Mixed-valence metal-organic frameworks: concepts, opportunities, and prospects

Owing to increasing global demand for the development of multifunctional advanced materials with various practical applications, great attention has been paid to metal-organic frameworks due to their unique properties, such as structural, chemical, and functional diversity. Several strategies have been developed to promote the applicability of these materials in practical fields. The induction of mixed-valency is a promising strategy, contributing to exceptional features in these porous materials such as enhanced charge delocalization, conductivity, magnetism, etc. The current review provides a detailed study of mixed-valence MOFs, including their fundamental properties, synthesis challenges, and characterization methods. The outstanding applicability of these materials in diverse fields such as energy storage, catalysis, sensing, gas sorption, separation, etc. is also discussed, providing a roadmap for future design strategies to exploit mixed valency in advanced materials. Interestingly, mixed-valence MOFs have demonstrated fascinating features in practical fields compared to their homo-valence MOFs, resulting from an enhanced synergy between mixed-valence states within the framework.

Piezoelectrostatic Catalysis of the Azide-Alkyne Huisgen Cycloaddition

Electric fields are increasingly recognized for their role as 'smart reagents' that can trigger or accelerate chemical reactions. Expanding upon this concept, our research introduces an innovative method that exploits electric fields induced by ultrasound on piezoelectric nanoparticles to facilitate the azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition in nonaqueous environments. The intense electric field generated around the BaTiO3 nanoparticles, as supported by density functional theory calculations, provides the suitable conditions necessary to trigger the cycloaddition of the alkyne-functionalized nanoparticles and the azide present in the solution. To quantitatively assess the occurrence of the click cycloaddition reaction at the nanoparticle surface interface, we tacked the azide with either an electroactive ferrocene moiety or with gold nanoparticles, which act as surface Raman enhancers. These experiments not only provide experimental validation of our approach, but also highlights the potential of piezoelectrostatic catalysts in enhancing the scalability of electrostatic catalysis.

Dual, Photo-Responsive and Redox-Active Supramolecular Foldamers

We report on dual, light-responsive and redox-active foldamers that demonstrate reversible and robust stimuli-induced behaviour. Herein, UV/Vis, 1H NMR and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry have been used to establish the reversibility and highly robust nature of the light- and redox-driven behaviour of these new foldamers with minimal levels of fatigue observed even upon multiple cyclic treatments with irradiative/non-irradiative and oxidative/reductive conditions. This proof-of-concept work paves the way towards the creation of novel stimuli-responsive foldamers of increasing sophistication capable of demonstrating reversible and robust responses to multiple distinct stimuli.

Ugi's amine based coordination polymers as synergistic catalysts for the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide

The escalating concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a pressing environmental concern, necessitating the development of efficient technologies for CO2 reduction and utilization. In this context, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) emerge as promising catalysts due to their tunable structures and unique chemical properties. This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of amino-functionalized MOFs with cobalt and nickel nodes for the electrochemical reduction of CO2. Electrochemical investigations reveal that a cobalt-based MOF primarily facilitates the production of methane, demonstrating high selectivity and efficiency under controlled conditions. In contrast, a nickel-based MOF exhibits a broader array of reduction products, including methane, CO, and ethanol, with a significant conversion efficiency. These differences underscore the impact of the central metal node on the catalytic activity and product distribution. This comprehensive study not only advances our understanding of MOF-based catalysts for CO2 reduction but also underscores the significance of molecular engineering in enhancing the selectivity and efficiency of these processes. By demonstrating the potential of amino-functionalized MOFs with specific metal nodes, we contribute to the development of sustainable solutions for carbon capture and utilization, aligning with global efforts to mitigate climate changes and foster a green chemical industry.

Towards building blocks for metallosupramolecular structures: non-symmetrically-functionalised ferrocenyl compounds

Metallosupramolecular architectures formed from metal ions and bridging ligands are increasing in popularity due to their range of applications and ease of self-assembly. Many are able to readily change their shape and/or function in response to an external stimulus and have the ability to encapsulate guest molecules within their internal cavities. Ferrocenyl groups (Fc) have been incorporated previously within the bridging ligands of metallosupramolecular structures due to their ideal attributes brought about by the structural and rotational flexiblity of the two cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings coordinated to the Fe(II) centre. However, the majority of these Fc-based structures contain symmetrically substituted Cp rings. We report the synthesis and characterisation of non-symmetrically functionalised Fc-based ligands incorporating both N,N' and NHC-donor groups chosen for their differing coordination properties. Both substituents were designed to coordinate to a single metal centre with the dissimilar coordination properties of each donor group facilitating stimulus-induced dissociation/association of one of the substituents as an opening/closing mechanism. Preliminary investigations into the coordination of these Fc-based ligands to a [Ru(η6-p-cymene)]2+ moiety indicated complexation through a mixture of either a bi- or tridentate fashion, as alluded by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the Fc-based ligands adopt a syn conformation driven by H-bonding and π-interactions between the two Cp substituents, which facilitate coordination of both donor groups towards the metal centre.

Application Values of Two Cu(II) Schiff Base Coordination Complexes on Blue Fluorescent Materials

Two Schiff base binuclear Cu(II) compounds, [Cu2(L)2·(H2O)2]·2DMF (1) together with its coordination polymer (CP) [Cu2(L)2·(4,4'-bpy)2]n (2) (H2L is 4-hydroxy-3-((2-hydroxy-5-mercaptobenzylidene)amino)-2H-chromen-2-one and 4,4'-bpy is 4,4'-bipyridine), were generated under an identical experimental environment in the absence and existence of auxiliary ligand 4,4'-bpy. Fluorescence spectroscopy testing shows that the ligand-based blue fluorescence emission offers potential for application as a blue photoluminescent material.

Construction of Metal-Organic Framework as a Novel Platform for Ratiometric Determination of Cyanide

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are frequently utilized as sensing materials. Unfortunately, the low conductivity of MOFs hinder their further application in electrochemical determination. To overcome this limitation, a novel modification strategy for MOFs was proposed, establishing an electrochemical determination method for cyanides in Baijiu. Co and Ni were synergistically used as the metal active centers, with meso-Tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP) and Ferrocenecarboxylic acid (Fc-COOH) serving as the main ligands, synthesizing Ni/Co-MOF-TCPP-Fc through a hydrothermal method. The prepared MOF exhibited improved conductivity and stable ratio signals, enabling rapid and sensitive determination of cyanides. The screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) were suitable for in situ and real-time determination of cyanide by electrochemical sensors due to their portability, low cost, and ease of mass production. A logarithmic linear response in the range of 0.196~44 ng/mL was demonstrated by this method, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.052 ng/mL. Compared with other methods, the sensor was constructed by a one-step synthesis method, which greatly simplifies the analysis process, and the determination time required was only 4 min. During natural cyanide determinations, recommended readouts match well with GC-MS with less than 5.9% relative error. Moreover, this electrochemical sensor presented a promising method for assessing the safety of cyanides in Baijiu.

Nature-inspired polymer photocatalysts for green NADH regeneration and nitroarene transformation

Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising approach for generating solar chemical and organic transformations under the solar light spectrum, employing polymer photocatalysts. In this study, our aim is to achieve the regeneration of NADH and fixation of nitroarene compounds, which hold significant importance in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, biology, and chemistry. The development of an in-situ nature-inspired artificial photosynthetic pathway represents a challenging task, as it involves harnessing solar energy for efficient solar chemical production and organic transformation. In this work, we have successfully synthesized a novel artificial photosynthetic polymer, named TFc photocatalyst, through the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction between triptycene (T) and a ferrocene motif (Fc). The TFC photocatalyst is a promising material with excellent optical properties, an appropriate band gap, and the ability to facilitate the regeneration of NADH and the fixation of nitroarene compounds through photocatalysis. These characteristics are necessary for several applications, including organic synthesis and environmental remediation. Our research provides a significant step forward in establishing a reliable pathway for the regeneration and fixation of solar chemicals and organic compounds under the solar light spectrum.

Enhancing Glucose Biosensing with Graphene Oxide and Ferrocene-Modified Linear Poly(ethylenimine)

We designed and optimized a glucose biosensor system based on a screen-printed electrode modified with the NAD-GDH enzyme. To enhance the electroactive surface area and improve the electron transfer efficiency, we introduced graphene oxide (GO) and ferrocene-modified linear poly(ethylenimine) (LPEI-Fc) onto the biosensor surface. This strategic modification exploits the electrostatic interaction between graphene oxide, which possesses a negative charge, and LPEI-Fc, which is positively charged. This interaction results in increased catalytic current during glucose oxidation and helps improve the overall glucose detection sensitivity by amperometry. We integrated the developed glucose sensor into a flow injection (FI) system. This integration facilitates a swift and reproducible detection of glucose, and it also mitigates the risk of contamination during the analyses. The incorporation of an FI system improves the efficiency of the biosensor, ensuring precise and reliable results in a short time. The proposed sensor was operated at a constant applied potential of 0.35 V. After optimizing the system, a linear calibration curve was obtained for the concentration range of 1.0-40 mM (R2 = 0.986). The FI system was successfully applied to determine the glucose content of a commercial sports drink.

Bimetallic Coordination Polymers: Synthesis and Applications in Biosensing and Biomedicine

Bimetallic coordination polymers (CPs) have two different metal ions as connecting nodes in their polymer structure. The synthesis methods of bimetallic CPs are mainly categorized into the one-pot method and post-synthesis modifications according to various needs. Compared with monometallic CPs, bimetallic CPs have synergistic effects and excellent properties, such as higher gas adsorption rate, more efficient catalytic properties, stronger luminescent properties, and more stable loading platforms, which have been widely applied in the fields of gas adsorption, catalysis, energy storage as well as conversion, and biosensing. In recent years, the study of bimetallic CPs synergized with cancer drugs and functional nanomaterials for the therapy of cancer has increasingly attracted the attention of scientists. This review presents the research progress of bimetallic CPs in biosensing and biomedicine in the last five years and provides a perspective for their future development.

Mini review about metal organic framework (MOF)-based wearable sensors: Challenges and prospects

Among many types of wearable sensors, MOFs-based wearable sensors have recently been explored in both commercialization and research. There has been much effort in various aspects of the development of MOF-based wearable sensors including but not limited to miniaturization, size control, safety, improvements in conformal and flexible features, improvements in the analytical performance and long-term storage of these devices. Recent progress in the design and deployment of MOFs-based wearable sensors are covered in this paper, as are the remaining obstacles and prospects. This work also highlights the enormous potential for synergistic effects of MOFs used in combination with other nanomaterials for healthcare applications and raise attention toward the economic aspect and market diffusion of MOFs-based wearable sensors.

The Renaissance of Ferrocene-Based Electrocatalysts: Properties, Synthesis Strategies, and Applications

The fascinating electrochemical properties of the redox-active compound ferrocene have inspired researchers across the globe to develop ferrocene-based electrocatalysts for a wide variety of applications. Advantages including excellent chemical and thermal stability, solubility in organic solvents, a pair of stable redox states, rapid electron transfer, and nontoxic nature improve its utility in various electrochemical applications. The use of ferrocene-based electrocatalysts enables control over the intrinsic properties and electroactive sites at the surface of the electrode to achieve specific electrochemical activities. Ferrocene and its derivatives can function as a potential redox medium that promotes electron transfer rates, thereby enhancing the reaction kinetics and electrochemical responses of the device. The outstanding electrocatalytic activity of ferrocene-based compounds at lower operating potentials enhances the specificity and sensitivity of reactions and also amplifies the response signals. Owing to their versatile redox chemistry and catalytic activities, ferrocene-based electrocatalysts are widely employed in various energy-related systems, molecular machines, and agricultural, biological, medicinal, and sensing applications. This review highlights the importance of ferrocene-based electrocatalysts, with emphasis on their properties, synthesis strategies for obtaining different ferrocene-based compounds, and their electrochemical applications.

Double bipolar electrode electrochemiluminescence color switch for food-borne pathogens detection

Color-switch electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing platform based on a dual-bipolar electrode (D-BPE) is reported in this work. The D-BPE was composed of a cathode filled with buffer and two anodes filled with [Ru(bpy)3]2+-TPrA and luminol-H2O2 solutions, respectively. Both anodes were modified with capture DNA and served as ECL reporting platforms. After introducing ferrocene-labeled aptamer (Fc-aptamer) on both anodes, the ECL emission signal of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ was difficult to be observed (anode 1), while luminol emitted a strong and visible ECL signal (anode 2). Ferrocene (Fc) did not only prevent the oxidation of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ due to its lower oxidation potential, its oxidation product Fc+ also quenched the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ ECL through efficient energy transfer. For luminol, Fc+ catalyzes the accelerated formation of the excited-state of the luminol anion radical, which leads to the enhancement of the luminol ECL. In the presence of food-borne pathogens, the aptamer was assembled with them, leading to the leaving of Fc from the surface of the D-BPE anodes. The ECL intensity of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ was enlarged, meanwhile, the blue emission signal of luminol became weakened. By self-calibrating the ratio of the two signals, 1-106 CFU mL-1 food-borne pathogenic bacteria can be sensitively detected with a detection limit of 1 CFU mL-1. Ingeniously, the color-switch biosensor can be used to detect S. aureus, E. coli and S. typhimurium by assembling the corresponding aptamers onto the D-BPE anodes.

Influence of the Substituent's Size in the Phosphinate Group on the Conformational Possibilities of Ferrocenylbisphosphinic Acids in the Design of Coordination Polymers and Metal-Organic Frameworks

This paper illustrates how the size and type of substituent R in the phosphinate group of ferrocenyl bisphosphinic acids can affect conformational possibilities and coordination packing. It also demonstrates that H-phosphinate plays a key role in variational mobility, while Me- or Ph- substituents of the phosphinate group can only lead to 0D complexes or 1D coordination polymer. Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the design and construction of coordination polymers based on ferrocene-contained linkers. It sheds light on how different reaction conditions and substituents can affect conformational possibilities and coordination packing, which could have significant implications for developing new polymers with unique properties.

Nucleic acid aptamer-based biosensors and their application in thrombin analysis

Thrombin is a multifunctional serine protease that plays an important role in coagulation and anticoagulation processes. Aptamers have been widely applied in biosensors due to their high specificity, low cost and good biocompatibility. This review summarizes recent advances in thrombin quantification using aptamer-based biosensors. The primary focus is optical sensors and electrochemical sensors, along with their applications in thrombin analysis and disease diagnosis.

From ferrocene to decasubstituted enantiopure ferrocene-1,1'-disulfoxide derivatives

The functionalization of (R,R)-S,S'-di-tert-butylferrocene-1,1'-disulfoxide by deprotolithiation-electrophilic trapping sequences was studied towards polysubstituted, enantiopure derivatives for which the properties were determined. While the 2,2'-disubstituted ferrocene derivatives were obtained as expected, subsequent functionalization of the 2,2'-di(phenylthio) and 2,2'-bis(trimethylsilyl) derivatives occurred primarily at the 4- or 4,4'-positions. This unusual regioselectivity was discussed in detail in light of pK_a values and structural data. The less sterically hindered 2,2'-difluorinated derivative yielded the expected 1,1',2,2',3,3'-hexasubstituted ferrocenes by the deprotometallation-trapping sequence. Further functionalization proved possible, leading to early examples of 1,1',2,2',3,3',4,4'-octa, nona and even decasubstituted ferrocenes. Some of the newly prepared ferrocene-1,1'-disulfoxides were tested as ligands for enantioselective catalysis and their electrochemical properties were investigated.

Motoc) S, Visan A, Cretu C, Scarpelli F, Crispini A, Manea F, Szerb EI. Hetero-Bimetallic Ferrocene-Containing Zinc(II)-Terpyridyl-Based Metallomesogen: Structural and Electrochemical Characterization

The synthesis, as well as the mesomorphic and electrochemical properties, of a hetero-bimetallic coordination complex able to self-assemble into a columnar liquid crystalline phase is reported herein. The mesomorphic properties were investigated by polarized optical microscopy (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. Electrochemical properties were explored by cyclic voltammetry (CV), relating the hetero-bimetallic complex behaviour to previously reported analogous monometallic Zn(II) compounds. The obtained results highlight how the presence of the second metal centre and the supramolecular arrangement in the condensed state pilot the function and properties of the new hetero-bimetallic Zn/Fe coordination complex.

Interleaved Electroactive Molecules into LDH Working on Both Electrodes of an Aqueous Battery-Type Device

By selecting two electroactive species immobilized in a layered double hydroxide backbone (LDH) host, one able to act as a positive electrode material and the other as a negative one, it was possible to match their capacity to design an innovative energy storage device. Each electrode material is based on electroactive species, riboflavin phosphate (RF) on one side and ferrocene carboxylate (FCm) on the other, both interleaved into a layered double hydroxide (LDH) host structure to avoid any possible molecule migration and instability. The intercalation of the electroactive guest molecules is demonstrated by X-ray diffraction with the observation of an interlayer LDH spacing of about 2 nm in each case. When successfully hosted into LDH interlayer space, the electrochemical behavior of each hybrid assembly was scrutinized separately in aqueous electrolyte to characterize the redox reaction occurring upon cycling and found to be a rapid faradic type. Both electrode materials were placed face to face to achieve a new aqueous battery (16C rate) that provides a first cycle-capacity of about 7 mAh per gram of working electrode material LDH/FCm at 10 mV/s over a voltage window of 2.2 V in 1M sodium acetate, thus validating the hybrid LDH host approach on both electrode materials even if the cyclability of the assembly has not yet been met.

The Phosphinate Group in the Formation of 2D Coordination Polymer with Sm(III) Nodes: X-ray Structural, Electrochemical and Mössbauer Study

A coordination polymer has been synthesized using ferrocene-based ligand-bearing phosphinic groups of 1,1'-ferrocene-diyl-bis(H-phosphinic acid)), and samarium (III). The coordination polymer's structure was studied by both single-crystal and powder XRD, TG, IR, and Raman analyses. For the first time, the Mössbauer effect studies were performed on ferrocenyl phosphinate and the polymer based on it. Additionally, the obtained polymer was studied by the method of cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. It is shown that it has the most positive potential known among ferrocenyl phosphinate-based coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks. Using the values of the oxidation potential, the polymer was oxidized and the ESR method verified the oxidized Fe(III) form in the solid state. Additionally, the effect of the size of the phosphorus atom substituent of the phosphinate group on the dimension of the resulting coordination compounds is shown.

The Construct and Interpretation of Chelated Coordination Polymers and Their Use in Nanomaterials Research

Presently, an important step from basic research to practical applications is synthesizing nanostructured materials. Metal-organic structures, as well as coordination polymers, are a diverse group of materials with a wide range of potential and properties applications. It has been difficult to get these materials into commercial use because of many drawbacks. Polymers containing chelated units are described and assessed for their advancements and problems in preparation, properties, and structure. Here, a proposed approach based on designing coordination polymeric materials with chelated units using the metal-ligand approach (CPM-CU-MA) has been introduced for a columnar-layered plan, supramolecular components, and building levels. Nanocomposite materials can be formed through the thermal transformation of coordination polymers based on donor atoms. The polymeric metal chelates (PMCs) are categorized according to luminescent coordination polymer (LCoP) development. It is classified as macrocyclic intracomplex, polynuclear, and molecular according to its macrostructure. Supramolecular networks (SMNs) can be transformed into a coordination polymer by introducing cyclo-dehydrogenation of natural building blocks on a surface. The structure-property connections of LCPs can influence a framework of liquid crystal display (LCP) that has been given based on LC phase modulators with a large modulation depth and has useful applications in LC lens. In the spatial organization of PMCs, the main focus is on the commonalities and contrasts between higher- and lower-molecular-weight chelates based on molecularly imprinted sensors (MISs) and nanomaterial sensors for a wide range of uses. New functional nanoparticles based on the molecular components have exciting potential, as demonstrated by these findings based on parameters risk factors for human health, hazards reduction in the environment, lack of cost-effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and bioavailability of polymers with an overall performance of 95.3%.

Metal-Organic Frameworks Functionalized Separators for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Lithium sulfur batteries (LSBs) have attracted tremendous attention owing to their high theoretical specific capacity and specific energy. However, their practical applications are hindered by poor cyclic life, mainly caused by polysulfide shuttling. The development of advanced materials to mitigate the polysulfide shuttling effect is urgently demanded. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been exploited as multifunctional materials for the decoration of separators owing to their high surface area, structural diversity, tunable pore size, and easy tailor ability. In this review, we aim to present the state-of-the-art MOF-based separators for LSBs. Particular attention is paid to the rational design (pore aperture, metal node, functionality, and dimension) of MOFs with enhanced ability for anchoring polysulfides and facilitating Li⁺ transportation. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are provided regarding to the future design MOF-based separators for high-performance LSBs.

A Ni(II) Metal-Organic Framework with Mixed Carboxylate and Bipyridine Ligands for Ultrafast and Selective Sensing of Explosives and Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution

We report a Ni-MOF (nickel metal-organic framework), Ni-SIP-BPY, synthesized by using two linkers 5-sulfoisophthalic acid (SIP) and 4,4'-bipyridine (BPY) simultaneously. It displays an orthorhombic crystal system with the Ama2 space group: a = 31.425 Å, b = 19.524 Å, c = 11.2074 Å, α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°, and two different types of nickel(II) centers. Interestingly, Ni-SIP-BPY exhibits excellent sensitivity (limit of detection, 87 ppb) and selectivity toward the 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP)-like mutagenic environmental toxin in the pool of its other congeners via "turn-off" fluorescence response by the synergism of resonance energy transfer, photoinduced electron transfer, intermolecular charge transfer, π-π interactions, and competitive absorption processes. Experimental studies along with corroborated theoretical experimentation, vide density functional theory studies, shed light on determining the plausible mechanistic pathway in selective TNP detection, which is highly beneficial in the context of homeland security perspective. Along with the sensing of nitroaromatic explosives, the moderately low band gap and the p-type semiconducting behavior of Ni-SIP-BPY make it suitable as a photoanode material for visible-light-driven water splitting. Highly active surface functionalities and sufficient conduction band minima effectively reduce the water and result in a seven times higher photocurrent density under visible-light illumination.

The crystal structure of poly[μ2-aqua- aqua-(μ3-(E)-2-(4-((2-carbamothioylhydrazineylidene)methyl)phenoxy)acetato-κ3 O:S:S)sodium(I)], C10H14N3O5SNa

C10H14N3O5SNa, triclinic, P 1 ‾ $P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 6.7015(5) Å, b = 7.5656(5) Å, c = 14.1332(8) Å, β = 93.159(5)°, V = 654.71(8) Å3, Z = 2, R gt (F) = 0.0357, wR ref (F 2) = 0.0872, T = 273 K.

Recent advances on bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (BMOFs): Syntheses, applications and challenges

Bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess two different metal ions as nodes in their molecular frameworks. They are prepared by either using one-pot syntheses wherein different metals are mixed with suitable...

Synthesis, crystal structure and properties of a 2-D Cd(II) coordination polymer based on ferrocenecarboxylate and 4,4′-bipyridine ligands

A new cadmium(II)-based coordination polymer [Cd3(FcCOO)6(4,4′-bipy)(H2O)2] n (FcCOO = ferrocenecarboxylato and 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results of a crystal structural analysis has revealed that the title compound consists of two crystallographically unique CdII centers, one in a general position with a five-coordinated and one on an inversion center with a six-coordinated environment. The CdII centers are connected by FcCOO− units to form a metal carboxylate oxygen chain extending parallel to the [100] direction while the 4,4′-bipy ligands further act as bridging linkers of the CdII centers resulting in a layered polymer. In addition, an X-ray powder diffraction and thermal gravimetric analysis and a cyclo-voltammetric characterization of the complex have also been carried out.

Ferrocene-reduced graphene oxide-polyoxometalates based ternary nanocomposites as electrochemical detection for acetaminophen

Developing a convenient and accurate method for the determination of acetaminophen (APAP) content is very vital, and ferrocene (Fc) based nanocomposites coupled with polyoxometalates (POMs) as electrochemical sensor is a promising approach to address the issues. Herein, a new ternary nanocomposite of Fc based carbon nanomaterials (Fc-rGO) with PMo₁₂ (Fc-rGO/PMo₁₂, rGFP-n) was successfully fabricated, and the electrochemical activities and APAP detection of rGFP-n as electro-active materials were systematically investigated, and results of the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electro-active surface area (0.0332 cm²) show that rGFP-1 is an excellent electrochemical sensor for APAP, and the proportion of Fc in rGFP-n can affect the charge transfer between APAP and rGFP. Under the optimal experimental conditions, rGFP-1 can be used to detect APAP with the limit of detection (LOD) of 13.27 nM (S/N = 3), the sensitivity of 36.81μA⋅μM^-1cm^-2, and the detection range from 1×10^-6 to 1×10^-3M, meeting the lowest plasma concentration of APAP (1.3 mM).

Anticancer Activity of New Na(I) Complex on Retinoblastoma Cells via Inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway

Here, through applying 2,6-bis(4'-carboxyl-phenyl)pyridine (H2L), a rigid ligand featuring both carboxylic acid and pyridine groups, a new coordination polymer containing Na(I) has been generated with the reaction between H2L ligand and NaNO3 in a water and DMF mixed solvent, and its chemical composition is [Na2L]n. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity of Na(I) complex against the HXO-Rb44 retinoblastoma cells was detected with CCK-8 assay. Hoechst staining along with Annexin V-FITC/PI revealed that Na(I) complex induces the HXO-Rb44 retinoblastoma cells apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed that Na(I) complex significantly increases the level of intracellular ROS. Importantly, western blot analysis revealed that Na(I) complex might induce apoptosis through inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Magnetic Property and Therapeutic Effect of a New Co(II) Complex on Liver Cancer by Regulating the Expression of miRNA31

Employing the flexible hexacarboxylate ligand of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine hexaacetic acid (H6TTHA) to assemble with Co(NO3)2·6H2O, we have acquired a novel coordination compound, i.e., [Co2(H2TTHA)(H2O)]n·6n(H2O) (1). The analysis of single X-ray diffraction indicated that the H2TTHA2- ligand μ5-bridges connected the Co(II) ions into a two-dimensional layered architecture. Moreover, the magnetic property of 1 was also investigated between 2 and 300 K under 1000 Oe applied magnetic field. The novel compound’s inhibitory activity against the viability of cancer cell was determined through CCK-8 assay, and the expression of miRNA31 in liver cancer cells was detected via the real-time RT-PCR.

Five shades of green: substituent influence on the (spectro-) electrochemical properties of diferrocenyl(phenyl)methylium dyes

Five new, intensely green diferrocenylphenylmethylium complexes 1+-5+ with electron donating (EDG: 4-MeO, 4-Me, 4-Br) or withdrawing (EWG: 3,5-CF₃, 4-ⁿC₆F₁₃) substituents were synthesized and fully characterized. The substituent influence on their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis/NIR and T-dependent EPR spectroscopy of the cationic as well as the oxidized (12+-52+) and reduced (1˙-5˙) species. The reduced forms equilibrate with their corresponding dimers (65-83%) with a clear substituent influence as expressed by their Hammett parameters in an ordering 4+ > 5+ > 3+ > 2+ > 1+. The structures of all five precursor carbinols 1-OH-5-OH and those of three of the diferrocenylphenylmethylium cations (1+, 4+-5+) were established by X-ray crystallography.

A New (3, 6)-Connected Heterometallic Coordination Polymer: Therapeutic and Protective Effect on Ischemic Cerebral Infarction

Solvothermal reaction of 4,4’,4’-nitrilotribenzoic acid (H3TCA) with Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O successfully afforded a heterometallic compound, that is, [Cd2Ca(TCA)2(DMA)2(H2O)3]n·2n(DMA) (1, DMA = N,N’-dimethylacetamide). The structure of 1 was further characterized through EA, diffraction of single crystal X-ray, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) together with powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Moreover, complex 1’s luminescent performance in solid state was also discussed at environmental temperature. The applications on the ischemic cerebral infarction therapy were evaluated, and the specific mechanism was investigated at the same time. Firstly, the hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) content in human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) was measured with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Then, interleukin-18 and interleukin-1β content released through the HBMEC was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).