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Huang X, Wang X, Zou Y, An M, Wang Y. The Renaissance of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) as a Promising Hole-Transporting Material Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400874. [PMID: 38794876 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
To push the commercialization of the promising photovoltaic technique of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the three-element golden law of efficiency, stability, and cost should be followed. As the key component of PSCs, hole-transporting materials (HTMs) involving widely-used organic semiconductors such as 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) or poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) usually suffer high-cost preparation and low operational stability. Fortunately, the studies on the classical p-type polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as an alternative HTM have recently sparked a broad interest due to its low-cost synthesis, excellent batch-to-batch purity, superior hole conductivity as well as controllable and stable film morphology. Despite this, the device efficiency still lags behind P3HT-based PSCs mainly owing to the mismatched energy level and poor interfacial contact between P3HT and the perovskite layer. Hence, in this review, the study timely summarizes the developed strategies for overcoming the corresponding issues such as interface engineering, morphology regulation, and formation of composite HTMs from which some critical clues can be extracted to provide guidance for further boosting the efficiency and stability of P3HT-based devices. Finally, in the outlook, the future research directions either from the viewpoint of material design or device engineering are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Huang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Xuran Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Yaqing Zou
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Mingwei An
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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2
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Bui VKH, Nguyen TP. Advances in Hole Transport Materials for Layered Casting Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4443. [PMID: 38006166 PMCID: PMC10675163 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Huge energy consumption and running out of fossil fuels has led to the advancement of renewable sources of power, including solar, wind, and tide. Among them, solar cells have been well developed with the significant achievement of silicon solar panels, which are popularly used as windows, rooftops, public lights, etc. In order to advance the application of solar cells, a flexible type is highly required, such as layered casting solar cells (LCSCs). Organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), or dye-sensitive solar cells (DSSCs) are promising LCSCs for broadening the application of solar energy to many types of surfaces. LCSCs would be cost-effective, enable large-scale production, are highly efficient, and stable. Each layer of an LCSC is important for building the complete structure of a solar cell. Within the cell structure (active material, charge carrier transport layer, electrodes), hole transport layers (HTLs) play an important role in transporting holes to the anode. Recently, diverse HTLs from inorganic, organic, and organometallic materials have emerged to have a great impact on the stability, lifetime, and performance of OSC, PSC, or DSSC devices. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of inorganic, organic, and organometallic HTLs for solar cells. Perspectives and challenges for HTL development and improvement are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu Khac Hoang Bui
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea;
| | - Thang Phan Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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3
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Looking for a Safe Bridge: Synthesis of P3HT-Bridge-TBO Block-Copolymers and Their Performance in Perovskite Solar Cells. ORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/org4010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a synthesis of three novel conjugated block-copolymers (BCP) with general formula P3HT-bridge-TBO, where P3HT is a poly(3-hexyl)thiophene, TBO is a thiophene-benzothiadiazole block, and the bridge is composed of two fluorene units (FF) or two thiophenes (TT) or a mixture (TF). It is demonstrated that the physicochemical properties of the materials with different bridges are similar. Furthermore, P3HT-bridge-TBO materials are investigated in PSCs with classical n-i-p configuration for the first time. PSCs with BCPs reach average efficiencies with a top of 14.4% for P3HT-FF-TBO. At the same time, devices demonstrate spectacular long-term operation stability after 1000 h under constant illumination with minor changes in efficiency, while PSCs with state-of-the-art hole-transport layer demonstrate unstable behavior. This groundbreaking work demonstrates the potential of BCP to ensure the stable operation of perovskite photovoltaics.
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Constructing molecular bridge for high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells based on P3HT. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPoly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is one of the most attractive hole transport materials (HTMs) for the pursuit of stable, low-cost, and high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the poor contact and the severe recombination at P3HT/perovskite interface lead to a low power conversion efficiency (PCE). Thus, we construct a molecular bridge, 2-((7-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)−10-(2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl)−10H-phenoxazin-3-yl)methylene)malononitrile (MDN), whose malononitrile group can anchor the perovskite surface while the triphenylamine group can form π−π stacking with P3HT, to form a charge transport channel. In addition, MDN is also found effectively passivate the defects and reduce the recombination to a large extent. Finally, a PCE of 22.87% has been achieved with MDN-doped P3HT (M-P3HT) as HTM, much higher than the efficiency of PSCs with pristine P3HT. Furthermore, MDN gives the un-encapsulated device enhanced long-term stability that 92% of its initial efficiency maintain even after two months of aging at 75% relative humidity (RH) follow by one month of aging at 85% RH in the atmosphere, and the PCE does not change after operating at the maximum power point (MPP) under 1 sun illumination (~45 oC in N2) over 500 hours.
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Cheng F, Cao F, Ru Fan F, Wu B. Promotion Strategies of Hole Transport Materials by Electronic and Steric Controls for n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200340. [PMID: 35377527 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hole transport materials (HTMs) play a requisite role in n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The properties of HTMs, such as hole extraction efficiency, chemical compatibility, film morphology, ion migration barrier, and so on, significantly affect PSCs' power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and stabilities. Up till now, researchers have devoted much attention to developing new types of HTMs as well as promoting pristine HTMs using numerous strategies. In this Review, we summarize the design strategies of various common HTMs for n-i-p PSCs are comprehensively discussed from two separate aspects (additive and non-additive engineering). Additive engineering generally tunes electronic properties of HTMs while non-additive engineering basically modifies their steric structures. Critical analysis and comparison between these design strategies are provided, considering the overall PCEs and stabilities of PSCs. Finally, a brief perspective on future promising design strategies for HTMs is given, in order to fabricate efficient and stable n-i-p devices for the commercialization of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ru Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Binghui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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6
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Facile and Stable Fluorene Based Organic Hole Transporting Materials for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Ghoreishi FS, Ahmadi V, Alidaei M, Arabpour Roghabadi F, Samadpour M, Poursalehi R, Johansson EMJ. Enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells based on moisture-resistant dopant free hole transport materials by using a 2D-BA 2PbI 4 interfacial layer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1675-1684. [PMID: 34982079 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04863e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on a dopant-free hole transport layer (HTL) are efficiently improved by inserting a two-dimensional (2D) interfacial layer. The benzyl ammonium lead iodide (BA2PbI4) 2D perovskite is used as an interfacial layer between the 3D CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite and two moisture-resistant dopant-free HTLs including poly[[2,3-bis(3-octyloxyphenyl)-5,8-quinoxalinediyl]-2,5-thiophenediyl] (TQ1) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). TQ1 with a facile synthesis procedure has a higher moisture resistivity compared to P3HT which can improve the stability of PSCs. The 2D BA2PbI4 perovskite with a less-volatile bulkier organic cation efficiently passivates the defects at the perovskite/HTL interface, leading to 11.95% and 15.04% efficiency for the modified TQ1 and P3HT based cells, respectively. For a better understanding, the structural, optical, and electrical properties of PSCs comprising P3HT and TQ1 HTLs with and without interface modification are studied. The interface modified PSCs show slower open-circuit voltage decay and longer carrier lifetimes compared to unmodified cells. In addition, impedance spectroscopy reveals lower charge transport resistance and higher recombination resistance for the modified devices, which could be associated with the modification of the interface between the 3D CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite and HTL caused by the 2D interfacial layer. Also after aging under ambient conditions for about 800 hours, the modified PCSs retain more than 80% of their initial PCEs. These results give us the hope of achieving simpler, cheaper, and more stable PSCs with dopant-free HTLs through 2D interfacial layers, which have great potential for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh S Ghoreishi
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-111, Iran. .,Department of Chemistry - Ångström-Laboratory, Institution of Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75120-523, Sweden
| | - Vahid Ahmadi
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-111, Iran. .,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-194, Iran
| | - Maryam Alidaei
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-194, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Arabpour Roghabadi
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-194, Iran.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-114, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Samadpour
- Department of Physics, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 15418-49611, Iran
| | - Reza Poursalehi
- Department of Nanotechnology Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-111, Iran.
| | - Erik M J Johansson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström-Laboratory, Institution of Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75120-523, Sweden
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Vasilopoulou M, Soultati A, Filippatos PP, Mohd Yusoff ARB, Nazeeruddin MK, Palilis LC. Charge transport materials for mesoscopic perovskite solar cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C 2022; 10:11063-11104. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tc00828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
An overview on recent advances in the fundamental understanding of how interfaces of mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (mp-PSCs) with different architectures, upon incorporating various charge transport layers, influence their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Anastasia Soultati
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Petros-Panagis Filippatos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
- Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Abd. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohhamad Khadja Nazeeruddin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
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9
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Pirashanthan A, Velauthapillai D, Robertson N, Ravirajan P. Lithium doped poly(3-hexylthiophene) for efficient hole transporter and sensitizer in metal free quaterthiophene dye treated hybrid solar cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20157. [PMID: 34635778 PMCID: PMC8505494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This work focuses on the role of Lithium doped Poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) in metal-free quaterthiophene (4T) dye treated Titanium dioxide (TiO2) based hybrid solar cells. The dye treated hybrid solar cells with Lithium doped P3HT showed efficiencies (3.95%) of nearly a factor of four times higher than the pristine P3HT based control TiO2/4T/P3HT devices (1.04%). The enhancement of the efficiency is mainly due to highly efficient charge collection attributed to enhanced charge transport and light harvesting properties of Lithium doped P3HT polymer. The optimized solar cells with Lithium doped P3HT showed a high short circuit current density over 13 mA/cm2, under simulated irradiation of intensity 100 mW/cm2 with AM 1.5 filter. This significant increase in current density in TiO2/4T/doped P3HT solar cell is also confirmed by both the broadened External Quantum Efficiency spectrum and significant photoluminescence quenching upon replacement of pristine P3HT with doped P3HT on 4T dye treated TiO2 electrode. With Lithium doped Spiro-OMeTAD instead of Lithium doped P3HT, similar devices showed efficiencies over 3.30% under simulated irradiation of 100 mW/cm2 with AM 1.5 filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Pirashanthan
- grid.412985.30000 0001 0156 4834Clean Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 40000 Sri Lanka ,grid.477239.cFaculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Dhayalan Velauthapillai
- grid.477239.cFaculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Neil Robertson
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Punniamoorthy Ravirajan
- grid.412985.30000 0001 0156 4834Clean Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, 40000 Sri Lanka
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Cheng F, He R, Nie S, Zhang C, Yin J, Li J, Zheng N, Wu B. Perovskite Quantum Dots as Multifunctional Interlayers in Perovskite Solar Cells with Dopant-Free Organic Hole Transporting Layers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5855-5866. [PMID: 33835780 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with organic hole transporting layers (o-HTLs) have been widely studied due to their convenient solution processing, but it remains a big challenge to improve the hole mobilities of commercially available organic hole transporting materials without ion doping while maintaining the stability of PSCs. In this work, we demonstrated that the introduction of perovskite quantum dots (QDs) as interlayers between perovskite layers and dopant-free o-HTLs (P3HT, PTAA, Spiro-OMeTAD) resulted in a significantly enhanced performance of PSCs. The universal role of QDs in improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs was validated, exceeding that of lithium doping. After a deep examination of the mechanism, QD interlayers provided the multifunctional roles as follows: (1) passivating the perovskite surface to reduce the overall amount of trap states; (2) promoting hole extraction from perovskite to dopant-free o-HTLs by forming cascade energy levels; (3) improving hole mobilities of dopant-free o-HTLs by regulating their polymer/molecule orientation. What is more, the thermal/moisture/light stabilities of dopant-free o-HTLs-based PSCs were greatly improved with QD interlayers. Finally, we demonstrated the reliability of the QD interlayers by fabricating large-area solar modules with dopant-free o-HTLs, showing great potential in commercial usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ruiqin He
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Siqing Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chongjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Binghui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Molecular Weight Effects of Biscarbazole-Based Hole Transport Polymers on the Performance of Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122516. [PMID: 33333855 PMCID: PMC7765262 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The leakage and volatilization of liquid electrolytes limit the commercialization of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). As solid-state (ss) hole-transporting materials, free from leakage and volatilization, biscarbazole-based polymers with different molecular weights (PBCzA-H (21,200 g/mol) and PBCzA-L (2450 g/mol)) were applied in combination with additives to produce ssDSCs. An ssDSC with PBCzA-H showed a better short-circuit current (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) than a device with PBCzA-L, resulting in 38% higher conversion efficiency. Compared to the PBCzA-L, the PBCzA-H with a higher molecular weight showed faster hole mobility and larger conductivity, leading to elevations in Jsc via rapid hole transport, Voc via rapid hole extraction, and FF via lowered series and elevated shunt resistances. Thus, it is believed that PBCzA-H is a useful candidate for replacing liquid electrolytes.
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Nishihara Y, Onozawa-Komatsuzaki N, Zou X, Marumoto K, Chikamatsu M, Yoshida Y. Effect of Passivation on the Interface between Perovskite and Donor–Acceptor Copolymer-based Hole-transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Nishihara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Nobuko Onozawa-Komatsuzaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Xiangtao Zou
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Marumoto
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Masayuki Chikamatsu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yuji Yoshida
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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Polymer/Inorganic Hole Transport Layer for Low-Temperature-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13082059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the search for improvements in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), several different aspects are currently being addressed, including an increase in the stability and a reduction in the hysteresis. Both are mainly achieved by improving the cell structure, employing new materials or novel cell arrangements. We introduce a hysteresis-free low-temperature planar PSC, composed of a poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/CuSCN bilayer as a hole transport layer (HTL) and a mixed cation perovskite absorber. Proper adjustment of the precursor concentration and thickness of the HTL led to a homogeneous and dense HTL on the perovskite layer. This strategy not only eliminated the hysteresis of the photocurrent, but also permitted power conversion efficiencies exceeding 15.3%. The P3HT/CuSCN bilayer strategy markedly improved the life span and stability of the non-encapsulated PSCs under atmospheric conditions and accelerated thermal stress. The device retained more than 80% of its initial efficiency after 100 h (60% after 500 h) of continuous thermal stress under ambient conditions. The performance and durability of the PSCs employing a polymer/inorganic bilayer as the HTL are improved mainly due to restraining perovskite ions, metals, and halides migration, emphasizing the pivotal role that can be played by the interface in the perovskite-additive hole transport materials (HTM) stack.
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Influence of Chloride/Iodide Ratio in MAPbI3-xClx Perovskite Solar Devices: Case of Low Temperature Processable AZO Sub-Layer. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13081927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A significant current challenge for perovskite solar technology is succeeding in designing devices all by low temperature processes. This could help for both rigid devices industrialisation and flexible devices development. The depositions of nanoparticles from colloidal suspensions consequently emerge as attractive approaches, especially due to their potential for low temperature curing not only for the photoactive perovskite layer but also for charge transporting layers. Here, NIP solar cells based on aluminium doped zinc oxide (AZO) electron transport layer were fabricated using a low temperature compatible process for AZO deposition. For the extensively studied perovskites based on methylammonium lead halides (MAPbI3-xClx), the chloride/iodide equation is widely proposed to follow an optimal value corresponding to an introduced MAI:PbCl2 ratio of 3:1. However, the perovskite formulation should be considered as a key parameter for the optimization of power conversion efficiency when exploring new perovskite sub-layers. We here propose a systematic method for the structural determination of the optimal ratio. It may depend on the sublayer and results from structural changes around the optimal value. The functional properties gradually increase with the addition of chlorine as long as it remains intercalated in a single phase. Above the optimal ratio, the appearance of two phases degrades the system.
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Mardi S, Pea M, Notargiacomo A, Yaghoobi Nia N, Carlo AD, Reale A. The Molecular Weight Dependence of Thermoelectric Properties of Poly (3-Hexylthiophene). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1404. [PMID: 32204569 PMCID: PMC7142503 DOI: 10.3390/ma13061404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Organic materials have been found to be promising candidates for low-temperature thermoelectric applications. In particular, poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) has been attracting great interest due to its desirable intrinsic properties, such as excellent solution processability, chemical and thermal stability, and high field-effect mobility. However, its poor electrical conductivity has limited its application as a thermoelectric material. It is therefore important to improve the electrical conductivity of P3HT layers. In this work, we studied how molecular weight (MW) influences the thermoelectric properties of P3HT films. The films were doped with lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide salt (LiTFSI) and 4-tert butylpyridine (TBP). Various P3HT layers with different MWs ranging from 21 to 94 kDa were investigated. UV-Vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis were performed to investigate the morphology and structure features of thin films with different MWs. The electrical conductivity initially increased when the MW increased and then decreased at the highest MW, whereas the Seebeck coefficient had a trend of reducing as the MW grew. The maximum thermoelectric power factor (1.87 μW/mK2) was obtained for MW of 77 kDa at 333 K. At this temperature, the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of this MW were 65.5 S/m and 169 μV/K, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mardi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, CHOSE—Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (N.Y.N.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Marialilia Pea
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, CNR, 00156 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Andrea Notargiacomo
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, CNR, 00156 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Narges Yaghoobi Nia
- Department of Electronic Engineering, CHOSE—Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (N.Y.N.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, CHOSE—Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (N.Y.N.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Andrea Reale
- Department of Electronic Engineering, CHOSE—Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (N.Y.N.); (A.D.C.)
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Pashaei B, Bellani S, Shahroosvand H, Bonaccorso F. Molecularly engineered hole-transport material for low-cost perovskite solar cells. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2429-2439. [PMID: 34084407 PMCID: PMC8157471 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05694g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triphenylamine-N-phenyl-4-(phenyldiazenyl)aniline (TPA-AZO) is synthesized via a facile CuI-catalyzed reaction and used as a hole transport material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), as an alternative to the expensive spiro-type molecular materials, including commercial 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Experimental and computational investigations reveal that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of TPA-AZO is deeper than that of spiro-OMeTAD, and optimally matches with the conduction band of the perovskite light absorber. The use of TPA-AZO as a HTM results in PSC prototypes with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) approaching that of the spiro-OMeTAD-based reference device (17.86% vs. 19.07%). Moreover, the use of inexpensive starting reagents for the synthesis of TPA-AZO makes the latter a new affordable HTM for PSCs. In particular, the cost of 1 g of TPA-AZO ($22.76) is significantly lower compared to that of spiro-OMeTAD ($170-475). Overall, TPA-AZO-based HTMs are promising candidates for the implementation of viable PSCs in large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Pashaei
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA), Chemistry Department, University of Zanjan Zanjan Iran
| | - Sebastiano Bellani
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Hashem Shahroosvand
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Advanced Functional Materials (GMA), Chemistry Department, University of Zanjan Zanjan Iran
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
- BeDimensional SpA Via Albisola 121 16163 Genova Italy
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Tavakoli Dastjerdi H, Qi P, Fan Z, Tavakoli MM. Cost-Effective and Semi-Transparent PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells Using Copper Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:818-825. [PMID: 31820641 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PbS quantum dots (QDs) have gained significant attention as promising solution-based materials for third generation of photovoltaic (PV) devices, thanks to their size-tunable band gap, air stability, and low-cost solution processing. Gold (Au), despite its high cost, is the standard electrode in the conventional PbS QD PV architecture because of its perfect alignment with valence levels of PbS QDs. However, to comply with manufacturing requirements for scalable device processing, alternative cost-effective electrodes are urgently required. Here, we employed an interface engineering approach and deposited poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) as a hole transport layer on 1,2-ethanedithiol-capped PbS QDs in order to adjust the valence band of QDs with the work function of inexpensive copper (Cu) electrodes. In fact, this is the first report of a Au-free PbS QD PV system employing the conventional device structure. Our Cu-based device shows a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.7% which is comparable with that of the Au-based device (10.2%). Interestingly, the P3HT-based device shows improved stability with relatively 10% PCE loss after 230 h under continuous illumination. Moreover, using an ultrathin Cu electrode, a semitransparent PbS QD PV is fabricated with a remarkably high average visible transparency of 26% and a PCE of 7.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Zhong Shan Rui Ke New Energy Company, Limited , 13th Torch Road, Torch Development Zone , Zhongshan City , Guangdong Province 528437 , China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong SAR , China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute , No. 9 Yuexing First RD, South Area, Hi-tech Park , Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057 , China
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Pitchaiya S, Natarajan M, Santhanam A, Asokan V, Yuvapragasam A, Madurai Ramakrishnan V, Palanisamy SE, Sundaram S, Velauthapillai D. A review on the classification of organic/inorganic/carbonaceous hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cell application. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Lan L, Deng X, Zhang J, Luo J, Jen AKY. Synthesis of a side-chain hole transporting polymer through Mitsunobu post-functionalization for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitsunobu post-functionalization was utilized to construct a new efficient dopant-free side-chain hole transporting polymer for inverted perovskite solar cells, exhibiting a power conversion efficiency of 17.75% and a high fill factor over 81%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyuan Lan
- Shenzhen Research Institute
- City University of Hong Kong
- Shenzhen
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Xiang Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shenzhen Research Institute
- City University of Hong Kong
- Shenzhen
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jingdong Luo
- Shenzhen Research Institute
- City University of Hong Kong
- Shenzhen
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Alex K.-Y. Jen
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon
- China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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20
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Jiménez-López J, Puscher BMD, Cambarau W, Fink RH, Palomares E, Guldi DM. Hot electron injection into semiconducting polymers in polymer based-perovskite solar cells and their fate. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:23357-23365. [PMID: 31793597 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06297a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are known to possess upon photoexcitation long-lived hot carriers. By using femtosecond laser transient absorption spectroscopy, we probed in the current work interfacial charge transfer, that is, hot electrons and holes in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite. The focus was, on the one hand, on titanium dioxide as an electron transporting material and, on the other hand, on several organic semiconducting materials as hole transporting materials in perovskite solar cells. An unexpected carrier loss pathway for hot electrons was found in the form of injection into the low lying LUMOs of several organic semiconducting materials. Of great importance is the fact that the final photocurrents of perovskite solar cells scale with the suppression of this newly discovered loss pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Jiménez-López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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Yaghoobi Nia N, Lamanna E, Zendehdel M, Palma AL, Zurlo F, Castriotta LA, Di Carlo A. Doping Strategy for Efficient and Stable Triple Cation Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells and Module Based on Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Hole Transport Layer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904399. [PMID: 31592571 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As the hole transport layer (HTL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) has been attracting great interest due to its low-cost, thermal stability, oxygen impermeability, and strong hydrophobicity. In this work, a new doping strategy is developed for P3HT as the HTL in triple-cation/double-halide ((FA1-x-y MAx Csy )Pb(I1-x Brx )3 ) mesoscopic PSCs. Photovoltaic performance and stability of solar cells show remarkable enhancement using a composition of three dopants Li-TFSI, TBP, and Co(III)-TFSI reaching power conversion efficiencies of 19.25% on 0.1 cm2 active area, 16.29% on 1 cm2 active area, and 13.3% on a 43 cm2 active area module without using any additional absorber layer or any interlayer at the PSK/P3HT interface. The results illustrate the positive effect of a cobalt dopant on the band structure of perovskite/P3HT interfaces leading to improved hole extraction and a decrease of trap-assisted recombination. Non-encapsulated large area devices show promising air stability through keeping more than 80% of initial efficiency after 1500 h in atmospheric conditions (relative humidity ≈ 60%, r.t.), whereas encapsulated devices show more than >500 h at 85 °C thermal stability (>80%) and 100 h stability against continuous light soaking (>90%). The boosted efficiency and the improved stability make P3HT a good candidate for low-cost large-scale PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Yaghoobi Nia
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Lamanna
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Zendehdel
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- K.S.R.I (Kimia Solar Research Institute), Kimia Solar Company, Kashan, 87137-45868, Iran
| | - Alessandro L Palma
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Zurlo
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Angelo Castriotta
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- LASE-Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology, NUST-MISiS, Leninskiy prospekt 6, 119049, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Influence of Poly(Vinylidene fluoride) on photovoltaic performance of interfacially engineered band gap modulated P3TAA-co-P3HT perovskite solar cell at ambient condition. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Safari Z, Zarandi MB, Giuri A, Bisconti F, Carallo S, Listorti A, Esposito Corcione C, Nateghi MR, Rizzo A, Colella S. Optimizing the Interface between Hole Transporting Material and Nanocomposite for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1627. [PMID: 31744047 PMCID: PMC6915573 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The performances of organometallic halide perovskite-based solar cells severely depend on the device architecture and the interface between each layer included in the device stack. In particular, the interface between the charge transporting layer and the perovskite film is crucial, since it represents both the substrate where the perovskite polycrystalline film grows, thus directly influencing the active layer morphology, and an important site for electrical charge extraction and/or recombination. Here, we focus on engineering the interface between a perovskite-polymer nanocomposite, recently developed by our group, and different commonly employed polymeric hole transporters, namely PEDOT: PSS [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)], PEDOT, PTAA [poly(bis 4-phenyl}{2,4,6-trimethylphenyl}amine)], Poly-TPD [Poly(N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-benzidine] Poly-TPD, in inverted planar perovskite solar cell architecture. The results show that when Poly-TPD is used as the hole transfer material, perovskite film morphology improved, suggesting an improvement in the interface between Poly-TPD and perovskite active layer. We additionally investigate the effect of the Molecular Weight (MW) of Poly-TPD on the performance of perovskite solar cells. By increasing the MW, the photovoltaic performances of the cells are enhanced, reaching power conversion efficiency as high as 16.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Safari
- Department of Physics, Yazd University, P.O. Box 89195-741, Yazd 89195-741, Iran; (Z.S.); (M.B.Z.)
| | - Mahmood Borhani Zarandi
- Department of Physics, Yazd University, P.O. Box 89195-741, Yazd 89195-741, Iran; (Z.S.); (M.B.Z.)
| | - Antonella Giuri
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione, Università del Salento, via per Monteroni, km 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Francesco Bisconti
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia CNR-Nanotec, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Sonia Carallo
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia CNR-Nanotec, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Andrea Listorti
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia CNR-Nanotec, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Carola Esposito Corcione
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione, Università del Salento, via per Monteroni, km 1, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Mohamad Reza Nateghi
- Department of Chemistry, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd 8915 813135, Iran;
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia CNR-Nanotec, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Colella
- Istituto di Nanotecnologia CNR-Nanotec, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.B.); (S.C.); (A.L.); (A.R.); (S.C.)
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Singh V, Kumar R. Fowler Nordheim Plot Analysis of Degradation in P3HT:PCBM Thin Film MIM Devices. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Yaghoobi Nia N, Méndez M, di Carlo A, Palomares E. Energetic disorder in perovskite/polymer solar cells and its relationship with the interfacial carrier losses. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180315. [PMID: 31280718 PMCID: PMC6635629 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports have observed a direct relationship between the polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) molecular weight (MW) and the perovskite solar cell (PSC) efficiency. Herein, we analyse how the differences in MW and the differences in energetic disorder influence the interfacial carrier losses in the PSCs under operation conditions and explain the observed differences. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Energy materials for a low carbon future'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Yaghoobi Nia
- Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy (CHOSE), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Maria Méndez
- The Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Aldo di Carlo
- Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy (CHOSE), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
- LASE-National University of Science and Technology ‘MISiS’, 4, Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Emilio Palomares
- The Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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Kim JY, Kwak G, Choi YC, Kim DH, Han YS. Enhanced performance of perovskite solar cells by incorporation of a triphenylamine derivative into hole-transporting poly(3-hexylthiophene) layers. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Raminafshar C, Raptis D, Mohammadi MR, Lianos P. Study of Hole-Transporter-Free Perovskite Solar Cells based on Fully Printable Components. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10040266. [PMID: 31010059 PMCID: PMC6523951 DOI: 10.3390/mi10040266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hole-transporter-free perovskite solar cells carrying a carbon back contact electrode provide the possibility of making full printable low cost and stable devices, even though their efficiency is substantially lower than those made in the standard configuration. The present work searched for simple and easy routes for constructing such devices, demonstrating that organic components do enhance device efficiency but only to a level that is not worth the trouble nor the cost. Devices based on a triple mesoporous layer of titania/zirconia/carbon with perovskite infiltration gave an efficiency of 10.7%. After 180 days of storing under ambient conditions, a small loss of efficiency has been observed for a cell made in June, in spite of the fact that in going from June to December, a large increase of the ambient humidity took place, thus verifying the protective effect that the carbon electrode is providing. The addition of spiro-OMeTAD to the hole-transporter-free device resulted in increasing the efficiency by about 10%, a change which is appreciated to be of low importance given the cost of this material. This increase mainly derived from an increase in the current. Devices of different sizes have been constructed by screen printing, using home-made pastes for all the components making the cell scaffold, i.e., for titania, zirconia, and carbon layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camellia Raminafshar
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, School of Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, International Campus-Kish Island, Kish Island 79417-76655, Iran.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Raptis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
| | - Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, School of Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, International Campus-Kish Island, Kish Island 79417-76655, Iran.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran.
| | - Panagiotis Lianos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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Kim YY, Yang T, Suhonen R, Välimäki M, Maaninen T, Kemppainen A, Jeon NJ, Seo J. Gravure-Printed Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: Toward Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802094. [PMID: 30989030 PMCID: PMC6446604 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have resulted in greater than 23% efficiency with superior advantages such as flexibility and solution-processability, allowing PSCs to be fabricated by a high-throughput and low-cost roll-to-roll (R2R) process. The development of scalable deposition processes is crucial to realize R2R production of flexible PSCs. Gravure printing is a promising candidate with the benefit of direct printing of the desired layer with arbitrary shape and size by using the R2R process. Here, flexible PSCs are fabricated by gravure printing. Printing inks and processing parameters are optimized to obtain smooth and uniform films. SnO2 nanoparticles are uniformly printed by reducing surface tension. Perovskite layers are successfully formed by optimizing the printing parameters and subsequent antisolvent bathing. 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene is also successfully printed. The all-gravure-printed device exhibits 17.2% champion efficiency, with 15.5% maximum power point tracking efficiency for 1000 s. Gravure-printed flexible PSCs based on a two-step deposition of perovskite layer are also demonstrated. Furthermore, a R2R process based on the gravure printing is demonstrated. The champion efficiency of 9.7% is achieved for partly R2R-processed PSCs based on a two-step fabrication of the perovskite layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yun Kim
- Division of Advanced MaterialsKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)141 Gajeong‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34114Republic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Youl Yang
- Division of Advanced MaterialsKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)141 Gajeong‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34114Republic of Korea
| | - Riikka Suhonen
- Printed Electronics ProcessingVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.Kaitoväylä 1Oulu90571Finland
| | - Marja Välimäki
- Printed Electronics ProcessingVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.Kaitoväylä 1Oulu90571Finland
| | - Tiina Maaninen
- Printed Electronics ProcessingVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.Kaitoväylä 1Oulu90571Finland
| | - Antti Kemppainen
- Printed Electronics ProcessingVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.Kaitoväylä 1Oulu90571Finland
| | - Nam Joong Jeon
- Division of Advanced MaterialsKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)141 Gajeong‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34114Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwon Seo
- Division of Advanced MaterialsKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)141 Gajeong‐roYuseong‐guDaejeon34114Republic of Korea
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Jung EH, Jeon NJ, Park EY, Moon CS, Shin TJ, Yang TY, Noh JH, Seo J. Efficient, stable and scalable perovskite solar cells using poly(3-hexylthiophene). Nature 2019; 567:511-515. [PMID: 30918371 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells typically comprise electron- and hole-transport materials deposited on each side of a perovskite active layer. So far, only two organic hole-transport materials have led to state-of-the-art performance in these solar cells1: poly(triarylamine) (PTAA)2-5 and 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD)6,7. However, these materials have several drawbacks in terms of commercialization, including high cost8, the need for hygroscopic dopants that trigger degradation of the perovskite layer9 and limitations in their deposition processes10. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is an alternative hole-transport material with excellent optoelectronic properties11-13, low cost8,14 and ease of fabrication15-18, but so far the efficiencies of perovskite solar cells using P3HT have reached only around 16 per cent19. Here we propose a device architecture for highly efficient perovskite solar cells that use P3HT as a hole-transport material without any dopants. A thin layer of wide-bandgap halide perovskite is formed on top of the narrow-bandgap light-absorbing layer by an in situ reaction of n-hexyl trimethyl ammonium bromide on the perovskite surface. Our device has a certified power conversion efficiency of 22.7 per cent with hysteresis of ±0.51 per cent; exhibits good stability at 85 per cent relative humidity without encapsulation; and upon encapsulation demonstrates long-term operational stability for 1,370 hours under 1-Sun illumination at room temperature, maintaining 95 per cent of the initial efficiency. We extend our platform to large-area modules (24.97 square centimetres)-which are fabricated using a scalable bar-coating method for the deposition of P3HT-and achieve a power conversion efficiency of 16.0 per cent. Realizing the potential of P3HT as a hole-transport material by using a wide-bandgap halide could be a valuable direction for perovskite solar-cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Hyuk Jung
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Nam Joong Jeon
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Park
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chan Su Moon
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea.,School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Yang
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun Hong Noh
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea. .,School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jangwon Seo
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, South Korea.
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Lee H, Lim J, Song J, Heo H, An K, Kim J, Lee S, Char K, Song HJ, Lee C. CdSe tetrapod interfacial layer for improving electron extraction in planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:065401. [PMID: 30524088 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the improvement in the efficiency of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells by employing cadmium selenide tetrapods (CdSe TPs) as an electron extraction layer. The insertion of the CdSe TP layer between the titanium oxide (TiO2) and perovskite film facilitates electron transfer at the TiO2/perovskite interface, as indicated by the significantly quenched steady-state photoluminescence of the perovskite film. Furthermore, we observed a conductivity enhancement of the perovskite film by introducing the CdSe TP layer. The combination of both effects induced by the TPs leads to enhancement in the carrier extraction as well as decreased recombination losses in the perovskite solar cells. As a result, an efficiency of 13.5% (1 sun condition) is achieved in the perovskite solar cells that incorporate the CdSe TP layer, which is 10% higher than that of the device without the CdSe TP layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Mohd Yusoff ARB, Gao P, Nazeeruddin MK. Recent progress in organohalide lead perovskites for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rajagopal A, Yao K, Jen AKY. Toward Perovskite Solar Cell Commercialization: A Perspective and Research Roadmap Based on Interfacial Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800455. [PMID: 29883006 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency and low-cost perovskite solar cells (PVKSCs) are an ideal candidate for addressing the scalability challenge of solar-based renewable energy. The dynamically evolving research field of PVKSCs has made immense progress in solving inherent challenges and capitalizing on their unique structure-property-processing-performance traits. This review offers a unique outlook on the paths toward commercialization of PVKSCs from the interfacial engineering perspective, relevant to both specialists and nonspecialists in the field through a brief introduction of the background of the field, current state-of-the-art evolution, and future research prospects. The multifaceted role of interfaces in facilitating PVKSC development is explained. Beneficial impacts of diverse charge-transporting materials and interfacial modifications are summarized. In addition, the role of interfaces in improving efficiency and stability for all emerging areas of PVKSC design are also evaluated. The authors' integral contributions in this area are highlighted on all fronts. Finally, future research opportunities for interfacial material development and applications along with scalability-durability-sustainability considerations pivotal for facilitating laboratory to industry translation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adharsh Rajagopal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Photovoltaics, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
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Shit A, Chal P, Nandi AK. Copolymers of poly(3-thiopheneacetic acid) with poly(3-hexylthiophene) as hole-transporting material for interfacially engineered perovskite solar cell by modulating band positions for higher efficiency. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15890-15900. [PMID: 29845983 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01385c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to tune the band positions of the hole-transporting material (HTM) in an interfacially engineered perovskite solar cell (PSC), random copolymers of poly(3-thiopheneacetic acid) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3TAA-co-P3HT) with different compositions were produced by oxidative polymerization. The copolymers were characterized using 1H NMR, FTIR, and UV-vis spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Here, ZnO nanoparticles were used as the electron-transporting material (ETM) and methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite was used as the light-absorbing material to form an FTO/ZnO/MAPbI3/copolymer/Ag device, of which the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was found to be dependent on the copolymer composition and reached a maximum (∼10%) at a P3TAA content of 43 mol% in the copolymer (P3). The band gaps of the copolymers as determined from UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry exhibit a staggered-gap hetero-interface configuration in which the HOMO and LUMO of P3 closely match those of MAPbI3 and give rise to the maximum PCE. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectra of MAPbI3/HTM samples indicate that charge transfer across the perovskite/copolymer interface was faster with a reduced recombination rate for a P3 sample. The electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) of the PSCs exhibit Nyquist plots with two semicircles, which correspond to an equivalent circuit consisting of two parallel R-C and R-CPE circuits connected in series. Analysis of the data indicates that the effective electron lifetime was longest for the P3 copolymer, which indicates that the charge recombination was lower than that in the components and other copolymers. The copolymers exhibited an intermediate stability with respect to their components, and amongst the copolymers P3 exhibited the highest stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Shit
- Polymer Science Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Gao H, Yan H. Large-area perovskite solar cells – a review of recent progress and issues. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10489-10508. [PMID: 35540458 PMCID: PMC9078911 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00384j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the aspects of the fabrication methods for large-area perovskite films, improving the efficiency and stability of the large-area PSC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing
- China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
| | - Linrui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Yongzhe Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Hongli Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Hui Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing
- China
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Sardashti MK, Zendehdel M, Nia NY, Karimian D, Sheikhi M. High Efficiency MAPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cell Using a Pure Thin Film of Polyoxometalate as Scaffold Layer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3773-3779. [PMID: 28688154 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we successfully used a pure layer of [SiW11 O39 ]8- polyoxomethalate (POM) structure as a thin-film scaffold layer for CH3 NH3 PbI3 -based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A smooth nanoporous surface of POM causes outstanding improvement of the photocurrent density, external quantum efficiency (EQE), and overall efficiency of the PSCs compared to mesoporous TiO2 (mp-TiO2 ) as scaffold layer. Average power conversion efficiency (PCE) values of 15.5 % with the champion device showing 16.3 % could be achieved by using POM and a sequential deposition method with the perovskite layer. Furthermore, modified and defect-free POM/perovskite interface led to elimination of the anomalous hysteresis in the current-voltage curves. The open-circuit voltage decay study shows promising decrease of the electron recombination in the POM-based PSCs, which is also related to the modification of the POM/ perovskite interface and higher electron transport inside the POM layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khaledi Sardashti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Sharekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, 88137-33395, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Zendehdel
- K.S.R.I., Kimia Solar Research Institute), Kimia Solar Company, Isfahan, 87137-45868, Iran
| | - Narges Yaghoobi Nia
- Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, CHOSE), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Davud Karimian
- K.S.R.I., Kimia Solar Research Institute), Kimia Solar Company, Isfahan, 87137-45868, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheikhi
- S.E.M.C.O., Iranian Strategic Energy and Carbon Management Company), Tehran, 14747-84549, Iran
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