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Bogdanowicz KA, Iwan A, Dysz K, Przybyl W, Marzec M, Cichy K, Świerczek K. Air-Stable and Eco-Friendly Symmetrical Imine with Thiadiazole Moieties in Neutral and Protonated form for Perovskite Photovoltaics. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1909. [PMID: 38673266 PMCID: PMC11052309 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This paper proposes molecular and supramolecular concepts for potential application in perovskite solar cells. New air-stable symmetrical imine, with thiadiazole moieties PPL2: (5E,6E)-N2,N5-bis(4-(diphenylamino)benzylidene)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diamine), as a hole-transporting material was synthesised in a single-step reaction, starting with commercially available and relatively inexpensive reagents, resulting in a reduction in the cost of the final product compared to Spiro-OMeTAD. Moreover, camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) in both enantiomeric forms was used to change the HOMO-LUMO levels and electric properties of the investigated imine-forming complexes. Electric, optical, thermal, and structural studies of the imine and its complexes with CSA were carried out to characterise the new material. Imine and imine/CSA complexes were also characterised in depth by the proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1H NMR method. The position of nitrogen in the thidiazole ring influences the basicity of donor centres, which results in protonation in the imine bond. Simple devices of ITO/imine (with or without CSA(-) or CSA(+))/Ag/ITO architecture were constructed, and a thermographic camera was used to find the defects in the created devices. Electric behaviour was also studied to demonstrate conductivity properties under the forward current. Finally, the electrical properties of imine and its protonated form with CSA were compared with Spiro-OMeTAD. In general, the analysis of thermal images showed a very similar response of the samples to the applied potential in terms of the homogeneity of the formed organic layer. The TGA analysis showed that the investigated imine exhibits good thermal stability in air and argon atmospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Iwan
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50-961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.D.); (W.P.)
| | - Karolina Dysz
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50-961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.D.); (W.P.)
| | - Wojciech Przybyl
- Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50-961 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.D.); (W.P.)
| | - Monika Marzec
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Prof. S. Lojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Kacper Cichy
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (K.Ś.)
| | - Konrad Świerczek
- Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Krakow, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (K.C.); (K.Ś.)
- AGH Centre of Energy, AGH University of Krakow, Ul. Czarnowiejska 36, 30-054 Krakow, Poland
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2
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Petrulevicius J, Yang Y, Liu C, Steponaitis M, Kamarauskas E, Daskeviciene M, Bati ASR, Malinauskas T, Jankauskas V, Rakstys K, Kanatzidis MG, Sargent EH, Getautis V. Asymmetric Triphenylethylene-Based Hole Transporting Materials for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:7310-7316. [PMID: 38317431 PMCID: PMC10875638 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Molecular hole-transporting materials (HTMs) having triphenylethylene central core were designed, synthesized, and employed in perovskite solar cell (PSC) devices. The synthesized HTM derivatives were obtained in a two- or three-step synthetic procedure, and their characteristics were analyzed by various thermoanalytical, optical, photophysical, and photovoltaic techniques. The most efficient PSC device recorded a 23.43% power conversion efficiency. Furthermore, the longevity of the device employing V1509 HTM surpassed that of PSC with state-of-art spiro-OMeTAD as the reference HTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Petrulevicius
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas
University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
| | - Yi Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matas Steponaitis
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas
University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
| | - Egidijus Kamarauskas
- Institute
of Chemical Physics Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, Vilnius 10257, Lithuania
| | - Maryte Daskeviciene
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas
University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
| | - Abdulaziz S. R. Bati
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tadas Malinauskas
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas
University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
| | - Vygintas Jankauskas
- Institute
of Chemical Physics Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, Vilnius 10257, Lithuania
| | - Kasparas Rakstys
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas
University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
| | - Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas
University of Technology, Radvilenu pl. 19, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
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Feng L, Li Z, Liu Y, Hua L, Wei Z, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Xu B. Counterion Engineering toward High-Performance and pH-Neutral Polyoxometalates-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Efficient Organic Optoelectronic Devices. ACS Nano 2024; 18:3276-3285. [PMID: 38252155 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Although protonated polyoxometalates (POMs) are promising hole-transporting layer (HTL) materials for optoelectronic devices owing to their excellent hole collection/injection property, pH neutrality, and noncorrosiveness, POMs are seldom used as high-performance HTL materials. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of mixed-additive POMs with pH-neutral counterions (NH4+, K+, and Na+) as HTL materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray analyses indicated that the use of the lacunary heteropolyanion [P2W15O56]12- as an intermediate ensured successful incorporation of the counterions into the mixed-addenda POMs without causing deterioration of the POM frameworks. The hole-transporting layer performance of POM-NH4, which was characterized by a high work function and good conductivity and could be prepared using a low-cost method surpassed those of its protonated counterpart POM-4 and many classic HTL materials. An organic solar cell (OSC) modified with POM-NH4 delivered a power conversion efficiency of 18.0%, which was the highest photovoltaic efficiency achieved by POM-based OSCs to date. Moreover, an HTL material based on POM-NH4 reduced the turn-on voltage of an organic light-emitting diode from 4.2 to 3.2 V. The results of this study suggest that POMs are promising alternatives to the classic HTL materials owing to their excellent hole-collection ability, low costs, neutral nature, and high-chemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China
| | - Lei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhengrong Wei
- School of physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- School of physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Zhang D, Wei C, Li X, Guo S, Luo X, Jin X, Zhou H, Huang J, Su J, Xu B. Highly Solvent Resistant Small-Molecule Hole-Transporting Materials for Efficient Perovskite Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:44043-44053. [PMID: 37695887 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes (Pe-QLEDs) have been shown as promising candidates for next-generation displays and lightings due to their unique feature of wide color gamut and high color saturation. Hole-transporting materials (HTMs) play crucial roles in the device performance and stability of Pe-QLEDs. However, small-molecule HTMs have been less studied in Pe-QLEDs due to their poor solvent resistance and low hole mobility. In this work, three novel small-molecule HTMs employing benzimidazole as the center core, named X4, X5, and X6, were designed and synthesized for application in Pe-QLEDs. One of the tailored HTM-X6 exhibits excellent solvent resistant ability to the perovskite quantum dot (QD) inks due to its proper solubility and low surface energy. Our result clearly demonstrated that the synergistic effect of poor solubility and low surface energy facilitates the achievement of good solvent resistance to perovskite QD inks. As a result, a promising maximal external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.1% is achieved in X6-based CsPbBr3 Pe-QLEDs, which is much higher than that of X4 (9.16%) and X5 (6.60%)-based devices, which is comparable to the PTAA reference (EQE ∼ 15.8%) under the same conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example that a benzimidazole-based small-molecule HTM demonstrated a good application in Pe-QLEDs. Our work provides new guidance for the rational design of small-molecule HTMs with high solvent resistance for efficient Pe-QLEDs and other photoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Changting Wei
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiansheng Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shiyan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin Luo
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- Shanghai Taoe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- Shanghai Taoe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jianhua Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bo Xu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of Optoelectronics and Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Royo R, Sánchez JG, Li W, Martinez-Ferrero E, Palomares E, Andreu R, Franco S. Novel Spiro-Core Dopant-Free Hole Transporting Material for Planar Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2042. [PMID: 37513053 PMCID: PMC10385314 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Hole-transporting materials (HTMs) have demonstrated their crucial role in promoting charge extraction, interface recombination, and device stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we present the synthesis of a novel dopant-free spiro-type fluorine core-based HTM with four ethoxytriisopropylsilane groups (Syl-SC) for inverted planar perovskite solar cells (iPSCs). The thickness of the Syl-SC influences the performance of iPSCs. The best-performing iPSC is achieved with a 0.8 mg/mL Syl-SC solution (ca. 15 nm thick) and exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.77%, with Jsc = 20.00 mA/cm2, Voc = 1.006 V, and FF = 80.10%. As compared to devices based on PEDOT:PSS, the iPSCs based on Syl-SC exhibit a higher Voc, leading to a higher PCE. Additionally, it has been found that Syl-SC can more effectively suppress charge interfacial recombination in comparison to PEDOT:PSS, which results in an improvement in fill factor. Therefore, Syl-SC, a facilely processed and efficient hole-transporting material, presents a promising cost-effective alternative for inverted perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Royo
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Departamento de Química Orgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José G Sánchez
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Wenhui Li
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eugenia Martinez-Ferrero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Emilio Palomares
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (ICIQ-BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Andreu
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Departamento de Química Orgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Franco
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), Departamento de Química Orgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Park JY, Kwak SL, Park HJ, Hwang DH. Indolocarbazole-Based Photo-Crosslinkable Hole-Transporting Layer for Efficient Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1934. [PMID: 37446451 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a new indolocarbazole-based polymer, poly(N,N-diphenyl(5,11-dihexylindolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazol-2-yl)amine) (PICA), for solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of this polymer, -5.25 and -2.46 eV, respectively, are suitable for hole transport from the anode to the emissive layer. PICA was photo-crosslinked by UV irradiation with ethane-1,2-diyl bis(4-azido-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoate) (FPA) as the photoinitiator. Successful crosslinking was confirmed by a decreased intensity in the azide-stretching FT-IR peak and solvent test with toluene (a suitable solvent for PICA). The PICA film photo-crosslinked with 3 wt% FPA showed enhanced solvent resistance (90%) compared to the non-crosslinked neat PICA film (<20%). Moreover, OLED devices using PICA-based hole-transporting layers exhibited better device performance (EQE/LE/PE: 8.88%/12.97/8.12 in red devices, 10.84%/38.47 cd/A/25.06 lm/W in green devices) than those using poly-TPD:FPA. We demonstrated that the photo-crosslinked PICA can be applied as a hole-transporting layer in solution-processed OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Lee Kwak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea Jung Park
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Gayathri RD, Lakshman C, Kim H, Park J, Song D, Lee J, Park HY, Kumaresan R, Gokulnath T, Jin SH. Multifunctional Narrow Band Gap Terpolymer-Enabled High-Performance Dopant-Free Perovskite and Additive-Free Organic Solar Cells with Long-Term Stability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37345636 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The optoelectronic devices endowing multifunctionality while utilizing a single low-cost material have always been challenging. For this purpose, we adopted a random ternary copolymerization strategy for designing two terpolymers, namely TP-0.8-EG and TP-0.8-TEG comprising a benzothiadiazole (BT)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (A1-π-D-π-A2) backbone. The figure of merits of the narrow band gap TP-0.8-EG terpolymer include deepened frontier energy levels, high hole mobility, better film formability, enriched multifunctionality, and passivation capability. Accordingly, the suitable electronic properties of TP-0.8-EG revealed that it can function as a dopant-free hole-transporting material in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as well as the third component in organic solar cells (OSCs). Remarkably, TP-0.8-EG outperforms by exhibiting a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.9% over TP-0.8-TEG (PCE of 18.3%) and BT-UF (PCE of 14.6%) in dopant-free PSCs. Interestingly, TP-0.8-EG fabricated along with PM6:Y7 displayed a high PCE of 16.52% in ternary OSCs. Also, TP-0.8-EG established good device storage stabilities (85 and 83% of their initial PCEs for 1200 and 500 h) in dopant-free PSC as well as OSC devices. Notably, the devices with TP-0.8-EG showed excellent thermal and moisture stabilities. To the best of our knowledge, A1-π-D-π-A2 terpolymer performing both in PSCs and OSCs with decent efficiencies and good device stabilities is a rare scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalapati Durga Gayathri
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chetan Lakshman
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerin Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Park
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Song
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeol Park
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Raja Kumaresan
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Thavamani Gokulnath
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Jin
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Meng H, Jing W, Xu X, Yu L, Peng Q. Nickel(II) Nitrate Hole-Transporting Layers for Single-Junction Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells with a Record 19.02% Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301958. [PMID: 36930826 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
A facile strategy was developed here to improve the film quality of nickel-based hole transporting layer (HTL) for efficient organic solar cell (OSC) applications. To prevent the agglomeration of Ni(NO3)2 during film deposition, acetylacetonate was added into the precursor solution, which led to the formation of an amorphous and glass-like state. After thermal annealing (TA) treatment, the film-forming ability could be further improved. The additional UV-ozone (UVO) treatment continuously improved the film quality and increased the work function and conductivity of such HTL. The resulting TA & UVO modified Ni(NO3)2 & Hacac HTL produced highly efficient organic solar cells with exciting power conversion efficiencies of 18.42% and 19.02% for PM6:BTP-eC9 and D18:BTP-Th devices, respectively, much higher than the control PEDOT:PSS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Meng
- Sichuan University, School of Chemical Engineering, 610065, Chengdu, CHINA
| | - Wenwen Jing
- Sichuan University, School of Chemical Engineering, 610065, Chengdu, CHINA
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- Sichuan University, School of Chemical Engineering, 610065, Chengdu, CHINA
| | - Liyang Yu
- Sichuan University, School of Chemical Engineering, 610065, Chengdu, CHINA
| | - Qiang Peng
- Sichuan University, School of Chemical Engineering, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, CHINA
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Wei Z, Chen Y, Wang J, Yang T, Zhao Z, Zhu S. De Novo Synthesis of α-Oligo(arylfuran)s and Its Application in OLED as Hole-Transporting Material. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203444. [PMID: 36517415 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuning the photophysical properties of π-conjugated oligomers by functionalization of skeleton, to achieve an optically and electronically advantageous building block for organic semiconductor materials is a vital yet challenging task. In this work, a series of structurally well-defined polyaryl-functionalized α-oligofurans, in which aryl groups are introduced precisely into each of the furan units, are rapidly and efficiently synthesized by de novo metal-free synthesis of α-bi(arylfuran) monomers for the first time. This new synthetic strategy nicely circumvents the cumbersome substituent introduction process in the later stage by the preinstallation of the desired aryl groups in the starting material. The characterization of α-oligo(arylfuran)s demonstrates that photoelectric properties of coplanar α-oligo(arylfuran)s can be tuned through varying aryl groups with different electrical properties. These novel α-oligo(arylfuran)s have good hole transport capacity and can function as hole-transporting layers in organic light-emitting diodes, which is indicative of significant breakthrough in the application of α-oligofurans materials in OLEDs. And our findings offer an avenue for the ingenious use of α-oligo(arylfuran)s as p-type organic semiconductors for OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuwen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and, Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of, Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and, Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of, Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and, Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of, Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 510640, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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10
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Heidariramsheh M, Forouzandeh M, Taghavinia N, Mahdavi SM. Effect of Zn/Sn Ratio on Perovskite Solar Cell Performance Applying Off-Stoichiometric Cu 2ZnSnS 4/Carbon Hole-Collecting Electrodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:17296-17311. [PMID: 35380777 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost inorganic hole-transporting materials (HTMs) accompanied by a printable carbon electrode is an efficient approach to address the limitation of material cost of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and get this technology closer to commercialization. The present work is focused on optimizing the Zn/Sn ratio of Cu2ZnSnS4/carbon hole collectors in n-i-p structured PSCs, where CuInS2/carbon is applied as the reference hole collector. This composition regulation is a solution to address the challenge of composition-related defects of the Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) material. The Zn/Sn ratio was tuned by the initial proportion of the zinc precursor during the nanoparticle (NP) synthesis using a heating-up procedure. It was found that the enhancement of the Zn/Sn ratio leads to a gradual increase of the optical band gap. More importantly, an increased density of B-type defect clusters [2ZnCu + ZnSn] is confirmed using Raman results. Additionally, results from the cyclic voltammetry measurement show that by increasing the Zn/Sn value, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of HTM is pulled down. These data match the upward trend of photovoltage. CZTS HTM with an optimal Zn/Sn ratio of 1.5 has a compatible energy level, along with the features of uniform and smooth coverage. The best efficiency of about 14.86% was obtained for optimal CZTS/carbon-based PSCs, which reaches from 14.86 to 15.49% after 25 days of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Heidariramsheh
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Forouzandeh
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9161, Iran
| | - Nima Taghavinia
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9161, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mahdavi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365-9161, Iran
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11
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Guo H, Zhang H, Liu S, Zhang D, Wu Y, Zhu WH. Efficient and Stable Methylammonium-Free Tin-Lead Perovskite Solar Cells with Hexaazatrinaphthylene-Based Hole-Transporting Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:6852-6858. [PMID: 35080172 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating non-aqueous hole-transporting materials (HTMs) to replace the widely used PEDOT:PSS is favorable for improving the stability of tin-lead perovskite solar cells (Sn-Pb PSCs). Herein, hexaazatrinaphthylene (HATNA) is found to be a promising HTM building block for Sn-Pb PSCs. By introducing triphenylamine (TPA) and methoxy-triphenylamine into the HATNA core, molecular energy levels and surface wettability can be well regulated, and a high hole mobility and thermal stability can be maintained. Moreover, a homogeneous Sn-Pb perovskite film with low Sn4+ contents and vertically orientated grains can be prepared on the substrate TPA-HATNA. Compared with PEDOT:PSS, the optimal TPA-HATNA-based methylammonium-free device enables a 70 mV increase in VOC, delivering a remarkable PCE exceeding 18% (certified 16.4%). Impressively, the TPA-HATNA-based devices without encapsulation retain 90% efficiency after aging for 600 min under maximum-power-point tracking. Our work provides alternative HTMs for boosting the performance of Sn-Pb PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Huidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuaijun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Diwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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12
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Santos J, Calbo J, Sandoval-Torrientes R, García-Benito I, Kanda H, Zimmermann I, Aragó J, Nazeeruddin MK, Ortí E, Martín N. Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells Employing an Anthradithiophene Core. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:28214-28221. [PMID: 34105947 PMCID: PMC9205564 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A decade after the report of the first efficient perovskite-based solar cell, development of novel hole-transporting materials (HTMs) is still one of the main topics in this research field. Two of the main advance vectors of this topic lie in obtaining materials with enhanced hole-extracting capability and in easing their synthetic cost. The use of anthra[1,9-bc:5,10-b'c']dithiophene (ADT) as a flat π-conjugated frame for bearing arylamine electroactive moieties allows obtaining two novel highly efficient HTMs from very cheap precursors. The solar cells fabricated making use of the mixed composition (FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15 perovskite and the novel ADT-based HTMs show power conversion efficiencies up to 17.6% under 1 sun illumination compared to the 18.1% observed when using the benchmark compound 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Detailed density functional theory calculations allow rationalization of the observed opto-electrochemical properties and predict a flat molecular structure with a low reorganization energy that supports the high conductivity measured for the best-performing HTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Santos
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Joaquín Calbo
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | | | - Inés García-Benito
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Hiroyuki Kanda
- Group
for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, EPFL VALAIS, Sion 1951, Switzerland
| | - Iwan Zimmermann
- Group
for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, EPFL VALAIS, Sion 1951, Switzerland
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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13
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Kong M, Kim KS, Nga NV, Lee Y, Jeon YS, Cho Y, Kwon Y, Han YS. Molecular Weight Effects of Biscarbazole-Based Hole Transport Polymers on the Performance of Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E2516. [PMID: 33333855 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The leakage and volatilization of liquid electrolytes limit the commercialization of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). As solid-state (ss) hole-transporting materials, free from leakage and volatilization, biscarbazole-based polymers with different molecular weights (PBCzA-H (21,200 g/mol) and PBCzA-L (2450 g/mol)) were applied in combination with additives to produce ssDSCs. An ssDSC with PBCzA-H showed a better short-circuit current (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) than a device with PBCzA-L, resulting in 38% higher conversion efficiency. Compared to the PBCzA-L, the PBCzA-H with a higher molecular weight showed faster hole mobility and larger conductivity, leading to elevations in Jsc via rapid hole transport, Voc via rapid hole extraction, and FF via lowered series and elevated shunt resistances. Thus, it is believed that PBCzA-H is a useful candidate for replacing liquid electrolytes.
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14
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Lee DY, Sivakumar G, Misra R, Seok SI. Carbazole-Based Spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene] as an Efficient Hole-Transporting Material for Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:28246-28252. [PMID: 32476415 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For the practical application of perovskite solar cells (PSC), it is desirable to have high efficiency, long-term stability, and low manufacturing cost. Therefore, it is required to develop inexpensive and well-performing hole-transporting materials (HTMs). In this study, we synthesized SFXDAnCBZ, which is a new carbazole-based spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene] (SFX) derivative, where the central core and end-cap units consist of SFX and N3,N6-bis(di-4-anisylamino)-9H-carbazole (DAnCBZ), respectively, as an efficient and low-cost HTM for PSCs. Photoluminescence quenching at the SFXDAnCBZ/perovskite interface was more effective than at the perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD (2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxy-phenyl-amine) 9,9'spiro-bifluorene) interface. We fabricated a PSC with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.87% under 1 sun illumination (100 mW cm-2) using SFXDAnCBZ as an HTM. This value is comparable to that measured for the benchmark Spiro-OMeTAD. Thus, this result confirms that SFX core-based materials can be a new kind of HTMs for high-efficiency and low-cost PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Gangala Sivakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Sang Il Seok
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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15
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Rakstys K, Paek S, Drevilkauskaite A, Kanda H, Daskeviciute S, Shibayama N, Daskeviciene M, Gruodis A, Kamarauskas E, Jankauskas V, Getautis V, Nazeeruddin MK. Carbazole-Terminated Isomeric Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:19710-19717. [PMID: 32242411 PMCID: PMC7467540 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A set of novel hole-transporting materials (HTMs) based on π-extension through carbazole units was designed and synthesized via a facile synthetic procedure. The impact of isomeric structural linking on their optical, thermal, electrophysical, and photovoltaic properties was thoroughly investigated by combining the experimental and simulation methods. Ionization energies of HTMs were measured and found to be suitable for a triple-cation perovskite active layer ensuring efficient hole injection. New materials were successfully applied in perovskite solar cells, which yielded a promising efficiency of up to almost 18% under standard 100 mW cm-2 global AM1.5G illumination and showed a better stability tendency outperforming that of 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene. This work provides guidance for the molecular design strategy of effective hole-conducting materials for perovskite photovoltaics and similar electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasparas Rakstys
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University
of Technology, Radvilenu
pl. 19, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
| | - Sanghyun Paek
- Group
for Molecular Engineering of Functional Material, Institute of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1951, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, Sangmyung
University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Aida Drevilkauskaite
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University
of Technology, Radvilenu
pl. 19, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
| | - Hiroyuki Kanda
- Group
for Molecular Engineering of Functional Material, Institute of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1951, Switzerland
| | - Sarune Daskeviciute
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University
of Technology, Radvilenu
pl. 19, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
| | - Naoyuki Shibayama
- Department
of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Maryte Daskeviciene
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University
of Technology, Radvilenu
pl. 19, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
| | - Alytis Gruodis
- Institute
of Chemical Physics Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, Vilnius 10257, Lithuania
| | - Egidijus Kamarauskas
- Institute
of Chemical Physics Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, Vilnius 10257, Lithuania
| | - Vygintas Jankauskas
- Institute
of Chemical Physics Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 3, Vilnius 10257, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Getautis
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University
of Technology, Radvilenu
pl. 19, Kaunas 50254, Lithuania
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group
for Molecular Engineering of Functional Material, Institute of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1951, Switzerland
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16
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Tseng CC, Wu G, Chang LB, Jeng MJ, Feng WS, Chen DW, Chen LC, Lee KL. Effects of Annealing on Characteristics of Cu 2ZnSnSe 4/CH 3NH 3PbI 3/ZnS/IZO Nanostructures for Enhanced Photovoltaic Solar Cells. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10030521. [PMID: 32183108 PMCID: PMC7153255 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents new photovoltaic solar cells with Cu2ZnSnSe4/CH3NH3PbI3(MAPbI3)/ZnS/IZO/Ag nanostructures on bi-layer Mo/FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) glasssubstrates. The hole-transporting layer, active absorber layer, electron-transporting layer, transparent-conductive oxide layer, and top electrode-metal contact layer, were made of Cu2ZnSnSe4, MAPbI3 perovskite, zincsulfide, indium-doped zinc oxide, and silver, respectively. The active absorber MAPbI3 perovskite film was deposited on Cu2ZnSnSe4 hole-transporting layer that has been annealed at different temperatures. TheseCu2ZnSnSe4 filmsexhibitedthe morphology with increased crystal grain sizesand reduced pinholes, following the increased annealing temperature. When the perovskitefilm thickness was designed at 700 nm, the Cu2ZnSnSe4 hole-transporting layer was 160 nm, and the IZO (indium-zinc oxide) at 100 nm, and annealed at 650 °C, the experimental results showed significant improvements in the solar cell characteristics. The open-circuit voltage was increased to 1.1 V, the short-circuit current was improved to 20.8 mA/cm2, and the device fill factor was elevated to 76.3%. In addition, the device power-conversion efficiency has been improved to 17.4%. The output power Pmax was as good as 1.74 mW and the device series-resistance was 17.1 Ω.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chzu-Chiang Tseng
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Gwomei Wu
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800
| | - Liann-Be Chang
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Jeng
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Shiung Feng
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Dave W. Chen
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Chien Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Lee
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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17
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Wu J, Liu C, Li B, Gu F, Zhang L, Hu M, Deng X, Qiao Y, Mao Y, Tan W, Tian Y, Xu B. Side-Chain Polymers as Dopant-Free Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells-The Impact of Substituents' Positions in Carbazole on Device Performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:26928-26937. [PMID: 31282638 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Side-chain polymers have the potential to be excellent dopant-free hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of their unique characteristics, such as tunable energy levels, high charge mobility, good solubility, and excellent film-forming ability. However, there has been less research focusing on side-chain polymers for PSCs. Here, two side-chain polystyrenes with triphenylamine substituents on carbazole moieties were designed and characterized. The properties of the side-chain polymers were tuned finely, including the photophysical and electrochemical properties and charge mobilities, by changing the positions of triphenylamine substituents on carbazole. Owing to the higher mobility and charge extraction ability, the polymer P2 with the triphenylamine substituent on the 3,6-positions of the carbazole unit showed higher performance with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.45%, which was much higher than the PCE (16.78%) of P1 with 2,7-positions substituted. These results clearly demonstrated that side-chain polymers can act as promising HTMs for PSC applications and the performance of side-chain polymers could be optimized by carefully tuning the structure of the monomer, which provides a new strategy to design new kinds of side-chain polymers and obtain high-performance dopant-free HTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Wu
- School of Advanced Materials , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province 518055 , China
| | | | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education ; School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Fenglong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education ; School of Chemistry & Environment of South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenchang Tan
- School of Advanced Materials , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province 518055 , China
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18
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Lee S, Kwak S, Lee K, Kim BG, Kim M, Wang DH, Han WS. Tuning the energy level of TAPC: crystal structure and photophysical and electrochemical properties of 4,4'-(cyclohexane-1,1-diyl)bis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline]. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2019; 75:919-926. [PMID: 31271380 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229619007101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The energy level of a hole-transporting material (HTM) in organic electronics, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs), is important for device efficiency. In this regard, we prepared 4,4'-(cyclohexane-1,1-diyl)bis[N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline] (TAPC-OMe), C46H46N2O4, to tune the energy level of 4,4'-(cyclohexane-1,1-diyl)bis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), which is a well-known HTM commonly used in OLED applications. A systematic characterization of TAPC-OMe, including 1H and 13C NMR, elemental analysis, UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, was performed. TAPC-OMe crystallized in the triclinic space group P-1, with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The dihedral angles between the central amine triangular planes and those of the phenyl groups varied from 26.56 (9) to 60.34 (8)° due to the steric hindrance of the central cyclohexyl ring. This arrangement might be induced by weak hydrogen bonds and C-H...π(Ph) interactions in the extended structure. The emission maxima of TAPC-OMe showed a significant bathochomic shift compared to that of TAPC. A strong dependency of the oxidation potentials on the nature of the electron-donating ability of substituents was confirmed by comparing oxidation potentials with known Hammett parameters (σ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Keumhee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Gi Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06497, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseong Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06497, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Wang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06497, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sik Han
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, 621 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
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19
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Uthayaraj S, Karunarathne DGBC, Kumara GRA, Murugathas T, Rasalingam S, Rajapakse RMG, Ravirajan P, Velauthapillai D. Powder Pressed Cuprous Iodide (CuI) as A Hole Transporting Material for Perovskite Solar Cells. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12132037. [PMID: 31247886 PMCID: PMC6651143 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on employing cuprous iodide (CuI) as a hole-transporting material (HTM) in fabricating highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The PSCs were made in air with either CuI or 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) as HTMs. A simple and novel pressing method was employed for incorporating CuI powder layer between perovskite layer and Pt top-contact to fabricate devices with CuI, while spiro-OMeTAD was spin-coated between perovskite layer and thermally evaporated Au top-contact to fabricate devices with spiro-OMeTAD. Under illuminations of 100 mW/cm2 with an air mass (AM) 1.5 filter in air, the average short-circuit current density (JSC) of the CuI devices was over 24 mA/cm2, which is marginally higher than that of spiro-OMeTAD devices. Higher JSC of the CuI devices can be attributed to high hole-mobility of CuI that minimizes the electron-hole recombination. However, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the CuI devices were lower than that of spiro-OMeTAD devices due to slightly lower open-circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF). This is probably due to surface roughness of CuI powder. However, optimized devices with solvent-free powder pressed CuI as HTM show a promising efficiency of over 8.0 % under illuminations of 1 sun (100 mW/cm2) with an air mass 1.5 filter in air, which is the highest among the reported efficiency values for PSCs fabricated in an open environment with CuI as HTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Uthayaraj
- Department of Physics, University of Jaffna, Jaffna 40000, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 7030, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - G R A Kumara
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - R M G Rajapakse
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Dhayalan Velauthapillai
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 7030, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
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20
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Cappel UB, Liu P, Johansson FOL, Philippe B, Giangrisostomi E, Ovsyannikov R, Lindblad A, Kloo L, Gardner JM, Rensmo H. Electronic Structure Characterization of Cross-Linked Sulfur Polymers. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1041-1047. [PMID: 29451358 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linked polymers of elemental sulfur are of potential interest for electronic applications as they enable facile thin-film processing of an abundant and inexpensive starting material. Here, we characterize the electronic structure of a cross-linked sulfur/diisopropenyl benzene (DIB) polymer by a combination of soft and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SOXPES and HAXPES). Two different approaches for enhancing the conductivity of the polymer are compared: the addition of selenium in the polymer synthesis and the addition of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) during film preparation. For the former, we observe the incorporation of Se into the polymer structure resulting in a changed valence-band structure. For the latter, a Fermi level shift in agreement with p-type doping of the polymer is observed and also the formation of a surface layer consisting mostly of TFSI anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute B Cappel
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peng Liu
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik O L Johansson
- Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bertrand Philippe
- Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erika Giangrisostomi
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruslan Ovsyannikov
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Lindblad
- Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Kloo
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James M Gardner
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Division of Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Arora N, Wetzel C, Dar MI, Mishra A, Yadav P, Steck C, Zakeeruddin SM, Bäuerle P, Grätzel M. Donor-Acceptor-Type S,N-Heteroacene-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:44423-44428. [PMID: 29185697 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new donor-acceptor (D-A)-substituted S,N-heteroacene-based molecules were developed and investigated as hole-transporting material (HTM) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Optical and electrochemical characterization brought out that the energy levels of both HTMs are suitable for their use in PSCs. Consequently, a power-conversion efficiency of 17.7% and 16.1% was achieved from PSCs involving the HTM-1 and HTM-2, respectively. The optoelectronic properties in terms of series resistance, conductivity, and charge carrier recombination were further examined to unfold the potential of these new HTMs. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy brought out that the hole injection from the valence band of perovskite into HTMs follows the trend, which is in accordance with the position of the highest occupied molecular orbital. Overall, our findings underline the potential of S,N-heteroacene co-oligomers as promising HTM candidates for PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Arora
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Wetzel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - M Ibrahim Dar
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amaresh Mishra
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Steck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm , Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Mane SB, Sutanto AA, Cheng CF, Xie MY, Chen CI, Leonardus M, Yeh SC, Beyene BB, Diau EWG, Chen CT, Hung CH. Oxasmaragdyrins as New and Efficient Hole-Transporting Materials for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:31950-31958. [PMID: 28849639 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The high performance of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) cannot be achieved without a layer of efficient hole-transporting materials (HTMs) to retard the charge recombination and transport the photogenerated hole to the counterelectrode. Herein, we report the use of boryl oxasmaragdyrins (SM01, SM09, and SM13), a family of aromatic core-modified expanded porphyrins, as efficient hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). These oxasmaragdyrins demonstrated complementary absorption spectra in the low-energy region, good redox reversibility, good thermal stability, suitable energy levels with CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite, and high hole mobility. A remarkable power conversion efficiency of 16.5% (Voc = 1.09 V, Jsc = 20.9 mA cm-2, fill factor (FF) = 72%) is achieved using SM09 on the optimized PSCs device employing a planar structure, which is close to that of the state-of-the-art hole-transporting materials (HTMs), spiro-OMeTAD of 18.2% (Voc = 1.07 V, Jsc = 22.9 mA cm-2, FF = 74%). In contrast, a poor photovoltaic performance of PSCs using SM01 is observed due to the interactions of terminal carboxylic acid functional group with CH3NH3PbI3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B Mane
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Albertus Adrian Sutanto
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 10607, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University , Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Chih-Fu Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yu Xie
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University , Chiayi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-I Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mario Leonardus
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Yeh
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Eric Wei-Guang Diau
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ti Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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23
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Vivo P, Salunke JK, Priimagi A. Hole-Transporting Materials for Printable Perovskite Solar Cells. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:E1087. [PMID: 28914823 PMCID: PMC5615741 DOI: 10.3390/ma10091087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent undoubtedly the most significant breakthrough in photovoltaic technology since the 1970s, with an increase in their power conversion efficiency from less than 5% to over 22% in just a few years. Hole-transporting materials (HTMs) are an essential building block of PSC architectures. Currently, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N'-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene), better known as spiro-OMeTAD, is the most widely-used HTM to obtain high-efficiency devices. However, it is a tremendously expensive material with mediocre hole carrier mobility. To ensure wide-scale application of PSC-based technologies, alternative HTMs are being proposed. Solution-processable HTMs are crucial to develop inexpensive, high-throughput and printable large-area PSCs. In this review, we present the most recent advances in the design and development of different types of HTMs, with a particular focus on mesoscopic PSCs. Finally, we outline possible future research directions for further optimization of the HTMs to achieve low-cost, stable and large-area PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vivo
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Jagadish K Salunke
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland.
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24
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Xu Y, Bu T, Li M, Qin T, Yin C, Wang N, Li R, Zhong J, Li H, Peng Y, Wang J, Xie L, Huang W. Non-Conjugated Polymer as an Efficient Dopant-Free Hole-Transporting Material for Perovskite Solar Cells. ChemSusChem 2017; 10:2578-2584. [PMID: 28481002 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new non-conjugated polymer (PVCz-OMeDAD) with good solution processability was developed to serve as an efficient dopant-free hole-transporting material (HTM) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). PVCz-OMeDAD was simply prepared by the free-radical polymerization of vinyl monomers, which were synthesized from low-cost raw materials through three high-yield synthesis steps. The combination of the flexible non-conjugated polyvinyl main chain and hole-transporting methoxydiphenylamine-substituted carbazole side chains endowed PVCz-OMeDAD with excellent film-forming ability, a suitable energy level, and high hole mobility. As a result, by using an ultra-thin (≈30 nm) PVCz-OMeDAD film as cost-effective dopant-free polymer HTM, the conventional n-i-p-type PSCs demonstrated a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 16.09 %, suggesting the great potential of the polymer film for future low-cost, large-scale, flexible PSCs applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Tongle Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Meijin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Tianshi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chengrong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Nanna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Renzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hai Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jianpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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25
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Chen S, Liu P, Hua Y, Li Y, Kloo L, Wang X, Ong B, Wong WK, Zhu X. Study of Arylamine-Substituted Porphyrins as Hole-Transporting Materials in High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:13231-13239. [PMID: 28345338 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To develop new hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis{4-[N,N-di(4-methoxylphenyl)amino-phenyl]}-porphyrin was prepared in gram scale through the direct condensation of pyrrole and 4-[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]benzaldehyde. Its Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes exhibit excellent thermal and electrochemical stability, specifically a high hole mobility and very favorable energetics for hole extraction that render them a new class of HTMs in organometallic halide PSCs. As expected, ZnP as HTM in PSCs affords a competitive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.78%, which is comparable to that of the most powerful HTM of Spiro-MeOTAD (18.59%) under the same working conditions. Meanwhile, the metal centers affect somewhat the photovoltaic performances that CuP as HTM produces a lower PCE of 15.36%. Notably, the PSCs employing ZnP show a much better stability than Spiro-OMeTAD. Moreover, the two porphyrin-based HTMs can be prepared from relatively cheap raw materials with a facile synthetic route. The results demonstrate that ZnP and CuP can be a new class of HTMs for efficient and stable PSCs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the best performance that porphyrin-based solar cells could show with PCE > 17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Research Centre of Excellence for Organic Electronics, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University , Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | - Xingzhu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, Hunan Province, P. R. China
| | - Beng Ong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Research Centre of Excellence for Organic Electronics, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University , Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Wai-Kwok Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Research Centre of Excellence for Organic Electronics, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University , Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xunjin Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Research Centre of Excellence for Organic Electronics, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University , Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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26
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Kim JH, Liang PW, Williams ST, Cho N, Chueh CC, Glaz MS, Ginger DS, Jen AKY. High-performance and environmentally stable planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells based on a solution-processed copper-doped nickel oxide hole-transporting layer. Adv Mater 2015; 27:695-701. [PMID: 25449020 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An effective approach to significantly increase the electrical conductivity of a NiOx hole-transporting layer (HTL) to achieve high-efficiency planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells is demonstrated. Perovskite solar cells based on using Cu-doped NiOx HTL show a remarkably improved power conversion efficiency up to 15.40% due to the improved electrical conductivity and enhanced perovskite film quality. General applicability of Cu-doped NiOx to larger bandgap perovskites is also demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong H Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-2120, USA
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27
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Habisreutinger SN, Leijtens T, Eperon GE, Stranks SD, Nicholas RJ, Snaith HJ. Enhanced Hole Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells Through Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:4207-4212. [PMID: 26278955 DOI: 10.1021/jz5021795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the use of polymer-wrapped carbon nanotubes as a means to enhance charge extraction through undoped spiro-OMeTAD. With this approach a good solar cell performance is achieved without the implementation of conventional doping methods. We demonstrate that a stratified two-layer architecture of sequentially deposited layers of carbon nanotubes and spiro-OMeTAD, outperforms a conventional blend of the hole-conductor and the carbon nanotubes. We also provide insights into the mechanism of the rapid hole extraction observed in the two-layer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin N Habisreutinger
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Leijtens
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Giles E Eperon
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Robin J Nicholas
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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