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Al-Taweel S, Al-Trawneh S, Al-Dmour H, Al-Gzawat O, Alhalasah W, Mousa M. Effect of thiophene rings rigidity on dye-sensitized solar cell performance. Dithienothiophene versus terthiophene as π- donor moiety. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21039. [PMID: 37886744 PMCID: PMC10597862 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar cells are fabricated based on two new dyes. Dye acts as an additive to thin layer interface. The effect of the π -conjugated rigidity of the thiophene rings on the photovoltaic characteristics has been investigated. The structures of the dye 1 was based on dithieno [3,2-b:2',3'-d] thiophene-2-cyanoacrylic acid, while dye 2 was based on [2,2':5',2″-terthiophene]-5-cyanoacrylic acid and were confirmed by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data. The P3HT/dye 1/nc-TiO2 solar cell produced the highest efficiency of 0.3 % with an open circuit voltage of 0.7 V compared to dye 2 solar cell. This has been attributed to the difference in energy levels of the dyes and location of their HOMO relative to conduction and valence bands of nc-TiO2. The dye 1 has rigid fused thiophene rings and its HOMO is located between valence band of TiO2 and HOMO of P3HT which leads to improve the charge carrier separation and increase the current density to reach 1.2 mA/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Al-Taweel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mu'tah, 61710, Jordan
| | - Salah Al-Trawneh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mu'tah, 61710, Jordan
| | - Hmoud Al-Dmour
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mu'tah, 61710, Jordan
| | - Osamah Al-Gzawat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mu'tah, 61710, Jordan
| | - Wasim Alhalasah
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Fund, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Amman, Jordan
| | - Marwan Mousa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mu'tah, 61710, Jordan
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Podapangi SK, Jafarzadeh F, Mattiello S, Korukonda TB, Singh A, Beverina L, Brown TM. Green solvents, materials, and lead-free semiconductors for sustainable fabrication of perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18165-18206. [PMID: 37333793 PMCID: PMC10269851 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01692g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite materials research has received unprecedented recognition due to its applications in photovoltaics, LEDs, and other large area low-cost electronics. The exceptional improvement in the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) achieved over the last decade has prompted efforts to develop and optimize device fabrication technologies for the industrial and commercial space. However, unstable operation in outdoor environments and toxicity of the employed materials and solvents have hindered this proposition. While their optoelectronic properties are extensively studied, the environmental impacts of the materials and manufacturing methods require further attention. This review summarizes and discusses green and environment-friendly methods for fabricating PSCs, particularly non-toxic solvents, and lead-free alternatives. Greener solvent choices are surveyed for all the solar cell films, (i.e. electron and hole transport, semiconductor, and electrode layers) and their impact on thin film quality, morphology and device performance is explored. We also discuss lead content in perovskites, its environmental impact and sequestration routes, and progress in replacing lead with greener alternatives. This review provides an analysis of sustainable green routes in perovskite solar cell fabrication, discussing the impact of each layer in the device stack, via life cycle analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Podapangi
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome-Tor Vergata via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Farshad Jafarzadeh
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome-Tor Vergata via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Sara Mattiello
- Department of Materials Science, State University of Milano-Bicocca Via Cozzi 55 I-20126 Milano Italy
| | - Tulja Bhavani Korukonda
- Department of Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi-110016 India
| | - Akash Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department of Materials Science, State University of Milano-Bicocca Via Cozzi 55 I-20126 Milano Italy
| | - Thomas M Brown
- CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome-Tor Vergata via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
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3
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Etabti H, Fitri A, Benjelloun AT, Benzakour M, Mcharfi M. Designing and Theoretical Study of Dibenzocarbazole Derivatives Based Hole Transport Materials: Application for Perovskite Solar Cells. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:1201-1216. [PMID: 36629966 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hole-transporting materials (HTMs) are essentials in producing the efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this article, we provided the investigation results of electronic structures and photophysical characteristics of eight designed derivatives (HTM1a-HTM4a and HTM1b-HTM4b) of a dibenzocarbazole-based compound HTMR. HTMR was modified by substituting the terminal groups located on the diphenylamine moieties with two and four electron donor groups (ED1-ED4) of different character. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) have been used to optimize the geometry of the ground state and for excited state calculations, respectively. The nature and number of electron donor substitutions on the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), ionization potential (IP), electronic affinity (AE), maximum absorption wavelengths ([Formula: see text], solubility ([Formula: see text], stability (η), exciton binding energy ([Formula: see text], reorganization energies ([Formula: see text] and charge mobility (k) are examined and discussed in detail. On this basis, the features such as proper HOMO levels (-5.464 and -4.745 eV), comparable hole mobilities ([Formula: see text] (4.632 × 1013 and 1.177 × 1014 s-1), a significant [Formula: see text] (367.13 and 398.27 nm), and high η (1.440 and 1.667 eV) have made these structures suitable hole transport materials (HTMs) to provide perovskite solar cells with a high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Etabti
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Asmae Fitri
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Adil Touimi Benjelloun
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Benzakour
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Mcharfi
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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4
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Dávila Cerón V, Illicachi LA, Insuasty B. Triazine: An Important Building Block of Organic Materials for Solar Cell Application. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010257. [PMID: 36615449 PMCID: PMC9822301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, triazine-based molecules have been employed to construct different organic materials due to their unique optoelectronic properties. Among their applications, photovoltaics stands out because of the current need to develop efficient, economic, and green alternatives to energy generation based mainly on fossil fuels. Here, we review all the development of triazine-based organic materials for solar cell applications, including organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, and perovskite solar cells. Firstly, we attempt to illustrate the main synthetic routes to prepare triazine derivatives. Then, we introduce the main aspects associated with solar cells and their performance. Afterward, we discuss different works focused on the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of triazine derivatives in solar cells, distinguishing the type of photovoltaics and the role of the triazine-based material in their performance (e.g., as a donor, acceptor, hole-transporting material, electron-transporting material, among others). Throughout this review, the progress, drawbacks, and main issues of the performance of the mentioned solar cells are exposed and discussed. Finally, some conclusions and perspectives about this research topic are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Dávila Cerón
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, A.A., Cali 25360, Colombia
| | - Luis Alberto Illicachi
- Research Group of Chemical and Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia
- Correspondence:
| | - Braulio Insuasty
- Heterocyclic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, A.A., Cali 25360, Colombia
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Zhou B, Qin L, Wang P, Chen Z, Zang J, Zhang J, Wen Y, Chen R. Fabrication of ZnO dual electron transport layer via atomic layer deposition for highly stable and efficient CsPbBr 3perovskite nanocrystals light-emitting diodes. Nanotechnology 2022; 34:025203. [PMID: 36215973 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac98ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport layers (ETLs) are important components of high-performance all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals light-emitting diodes (PNCs-LED). Herein, atomic layer deposition (ALD) of inorganic ZnO layer is combined to the organic 1,3,5-Tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi) to form dual ETLs to enhance both the efficiency and stability of PNCs-LED simultaneously. Optimization of ZnO thickness suggested that 10 cycles ALD yields the best performance of the devices. The external quantum efficiency of the device reaches to 7.21% with a low turn-on voltage (2.4 V). Impressively, the dual ETL PNCs-LED realizes maximumT50lifetime of 761 h at the initial luminance of 100 nit, which is one of the top lifetimes among PNCs-LEDs up to now. The improved performance of dual ETL PNCs-LED is mainly due to the improved charge transport balance with favorable energy level matching. These findings present a promising strategy to modify the function layer via ALD to achieve both highly efficient and stable PNCs-LED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binze Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Zang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanwei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China, Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518067, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
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Kim G, Kwon N, Lee D, Kim M, Kim M, Lee Y, Kim W, Hyeon D, Kim B, Jeong MS, Hong J, Yang J. Methylammonium Compensation Effects in MAPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells for High-Quality Inorganic CuSCN Hole Transport Layers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:5203-5210. [PMID: 35050584 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that copper (I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) has huge potential as a hole extraction material (HEM) for perovskite solar cells. Here, we used CuSCN as a HEM and analyzed its relationships with a methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite layer. The CuSCN dissolved in diethyl sulfide (DES) was spin-coated on the MAPbI3 layer. For high-quality and dense CuSCN layers, post-annealing was carried out at various temperatures and times. However, the unwanted dissociation of MAPbI3 to PbI2 was observed due to the post-annealing for a long time at elevated temperatures. In addition, DES, which is used as a CuSCN solvent, is a polar solvent that damages the surface of MAPbI3 perovskites and causes poor interfacial properties between the perovskite layer and HEM. To solve this problem, the effect of the molar ratio of methylammonium iodide (MAI) and PbI2 in the MAPbI3 precursor solution was investigated. The excess MAI molar ratio in the MAPbI3 precursor solution reduced MAPbI3 surface damage despite using DES polar solvent for CuSCN solution. In addition, dissociation of MAPbI3 to PbI2 following an adequate post-annealing process was well suppressed. The excess MAI molar ratio in the MAPbI3 precursor could be compensated for the MA loss and effectively suppress phase separation from MAPbI3 to MAI + PbI2 during post-annealing. The efficiency based on the normal planar structure of CuSCN/MAPbI3 (using excess MAI)/TiO2 was approximately 17%. The CuSCN-based MAPbI3 device shows more optimized stability than the conventional spiro-OMeTAD under damp heat (85 °C and 85% relative humidity) conditions because of the robust inorganic HEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisung Kim
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Namhee Kwon
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- PV Development Team, Samsung SDI, Cheonan-si 30186, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijoung Kim
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhoe Kim
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjei Lee
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - WooJong Kim
- Division of Nano-Scale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Hyeon
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Seok Jeong
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- Division of Nano-Scale Semiconductor Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - JungYup Yang
- Department of Physics, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
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Korzec M, Tavgeniene D, Samuel NS, Beresneviciute R, Krucaite G, Pająk AK, Kotowicz S, Vasylieva M, Gnida P, Malecki JG, Grigalevicius S, Schab-Balcerzak E. Synthesis and Thermal, Photophysical, Electrochemical Properties of 3,3-di[3-Arylcarbazol-9-ylmethyl]oxetane Derivatives. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5569. [PMID: 34639966 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel oxetane-functionalized derivatives were synthesized to find the impact of carbazole substituents, such as 1-naphtyl, 9-ethylcarbazole and 4-(diphenylamino)phenyl, on their thermal, photophysical and electrochemical properties. Additionally, to obtain the optimized ground-state geometry and distribution of the frontier molecular orbital energy levels, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used. Thermal investigations showed that the obtained compounds are highly thermally stable up to 360 °C, as molecular glasses with glass transition temperatures in the range of 142-165 °C. UV-Vis and photoluminescence studies were performed in solvents of differing in polarity, in the solid state as a thin film on glass substrate, and in powders, and were supported by DFT calculations. They emitted radiation both in solution and in film with photoluminescence quantum yield from 4% to 87%. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that the materials undergo an oxidation process. Next, the synthesized molecules were tested as hole transporting materials (HTM) in perovskite solar cells with the structure FTO/b-TiO2/m-TiO2/perovskite/HTM/Au, and photovoltaic parameters were compared with the reference device without the oxetane derivatives.
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Deng Z, Cui S, Kou K, Liang D, Shi X, Liu J. Dopant-Free π-Conjugated Hole Transport Materials for Highly Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Front Chem 2021; 9:664504. [PMID: 33816442 PMCID: PMC8012559 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.664504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current high-efficiency hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been fabricated with doped hole transfer material (HTM), which has shown short-term stability. Doping applied in HTMs for PSCs can enhance the hole mobility and PSCs' power conversion efficiency, while the stability of PSCs will be significantly decreased due to inherent hygroscopic properties and chemical incompatibility. Development of dopant-free HTM with high hole mobility is a challenge and of utmost importance. In this review, a series of selected and typical π-conjugated dopant-free hole transport materials, mainly regarding small molecules, are reviewed, which could consequently help to further design high-performance dopant-free HTMs. In addition, an outline of the molecular design concept and also the perspective of ideal dopant-free HTMs were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NWPU), Xi'an, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Shuaiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaichang Kou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NWPU), Xi'an, China
| | - Dongxu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Shi
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Chawanpunyawat T, Funchien P, Wongkaew P, Henjongchom N, Ariyarit A, Ittisanronnachai S, Namuangruk S, Cheacharoen R, Sudyoadsuk T, Goubard F, Promarak V. A Ladder-like Dopant-free Hole-Transporting Polymer for Hysteresis-less High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells with High Ambient Stability. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:5058-5066. [PMID: 32677195 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received high attention in the past few years due to their terrific photovoltaic performance and potentially low production cost. However, the use of hole transport materials (HTMs) with hygroscopic dopants, which cause the inevitable instability of device performance, has hampered commercialization. Herein, a dopant-free polymeric HTM with functional aromatic rings was used to optimize the HTM/perovskite interface and employed in a planar n-i-p configuration. Poly(1,4-(2,5-bis((2-butyloctyloxy)phenylene)-2,7-(5,5,10,10-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-5,10-dihydro-s-indaceno[2,1-b:6,5-b']dithiophene)) (IDTB) co-polymer constructed with indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene and bis(alkyloxy)benzene units adopts an S⋅⋅⋅O intramolecular bond linked ladder-like planar conjugated polymer backbone. Without any dopant, the hole mobility of IDTB is in the same order of magnitude as a doped 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Also, the hydrophobic nature of IDTB facilitated the long-term stability of the perovskite underneath. The unencapsulated PSC devices made of IDTB-based HTM achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.38 % with a high moisture stability, retaining above 80 % of initial power conversion efficiency at 65 % relative humidity for more than 10 days. The superior passivation effect to perovskite surface made a hysteresis of 0.44 % was almost the least reported for regular planar undoped polymer HTM PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanyarat Chawanpunyawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Patteera Funchien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Praweena Wongkaew
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
- Research Network of NANOTEC-VISTEC on Nanotechnology for Energy, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Nakorn Henjongchom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Atthaporn Ariyarit
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Somlak Ittisanronnachai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Namuangruk
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Rongrong Cheacharoen
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Taweesak Sudyoadsuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Fabrice Goubard
- Laboratory of Physicochemistry of Polymers and Interfaces, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, 95000, France
| | - Vinich Promarak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
- Research Network of NANOTEC-VISTEC on Nanotechnology for Energy, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
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10
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Salunke J, Guo X, Liu M, Lin Z, Candeias NR, Priimagi A, Chang J, Vivo P. N-Substituted Phenothiazines as Environmentally Friendly Hole-Transporting Materials for Low-Cost and Highly Stable Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Omega 2020; 5:23334-23342. [PMID: 32954184 PMCID: PMC7496006 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most of the high-performing halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) leverage toxic chlorinated solvents (e.g., o-dichlorobenzene or chlorobenzene) for the hole-transporting material (HTM) processing and/or antisolvents in the perovskite film fabrication. To minimize the environmental and health-related hazards, it is highly desirable, yet at the same time demanding, to develop HTMs and perovskite deposition processes relying on nonhalogenated solvents. In this work, we designed two small molecules, AZO-III and AZO-IV, and synthesized them via simple and environmentally friendly Schiff base chemistry, by condensation of electron-donating triarylamine and phenothiazine moieties connected through an azomethine bridge. The molecules are implemented as HTMs in PSCs upon processing in a nonchlorinated (toluene) solvent, rendering their synthesis and film preparation eco-friendly. The enhancement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was achieved when switching from AZO-III (9.77%) to AZO-IV (11.62%), in which the thioethyl group is introduced in the 2-position of the phenothiazine ring. Additionally, unencapsulated PSCs based on AZO-III displayed excellent stabilities (75% of the initial PCEs is retained after 6 months of air exposure for AZO-III to be compared with a 48% decrease of the initial PCE for Spiro-OMeTAD-based devices). The outstanding stability and the extremely low production cost (AZO-III = 9.23 $/g and AZO-IV = 9.03 $/g), together with the environmentally friendly synthesis, purification, and processing, make these materials attractive candidates as HTMs for cost-effective, stable, and eco-friendly PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Salunke
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere
University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Xing Guo
- State
Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology,
Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, 710071 Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Maning Liu
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere
University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- State
Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology,
Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, 710071 Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Nuno R. Candeias
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere
University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere
University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jingjing Chang
- State
Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology,
Shaanxi Joint Key Laboratory of Graphene, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, 710071 Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Paola Vivo
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere
University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
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11
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Chatzispyroglou P, Keddie JL, Sellin PJ. Boron-Loaded Polymeric Sensor for the Direct Detection of Thermal Neutrons. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:33050-33057. [PMID: 32589007 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the first demonstration of a solid-state, direct-conversion sensor for thermal neutrons based on a polymer/inorganic nanocomposite. Sensors were fabricated from ultrathick films of poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) semiconducting polymer, with thicknesses up to 100 μm. Boron nanoparticles (NPs) were dispersed throughout the PTAA film to provide the neutron stopping power arising from the high thermal neutron cross section of the isotope 10B. To maximize the quantum efficiency (QE) of the sensor to thermal neutrons, a high volume fraction of homogeneously dispersed boron nanoparticles was achieved in the thick PTAA film using an optimized processing method. Thick active layers were realized using a high molecular weight of the PTAA so that molecular entanglements provide a high cohesive strength. A nonionic surfactant was used to stabilize the boron dispersion in solvent and hence suppress the formation of agglomerates and associated electrical pathways. Boron nanoparticle loadings of up to ten volume percent were achieved, with thermal neutron quantum efficiency estimates up to 6% resulting. The sensors' neutron responses were characterized under a high flux thermal neutron exposure, showing a linear correlation between the response current and the thermal neutron flux up to ∼107 cm-2 s-1. Polymer-based boron nanocomposite sensors offer a new neutron detection technology that uses low-cost, scalable solution processing and provides an alternative to traditional neutron sensors that use rare isotopes, such as 3He.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph L Keddie
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
| | - Paul J Sellin
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
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12
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13
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Al-Dainy GA, Watanabe F, Kannarpady GK, Ghosh A, Berry B, Biris AS, Bourdo SE. Optimizing Lignosulfonic Acid-Grafted Polyaniline as a Hole-Transport Layer for Inverted CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Omega 2020; 5:1887-1901. [PMID: 32039325 PMCID: PMC7003196 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A conducting polymer of lignosulfonic acid-grafted, polyaniline-doped camphorsulfonic acid (LS-PANI-CSA), created via a low-temperature solution process, has been explored as an efficient hole-transport layer (HTL) for inverted single cation-anion CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells. The performance of the solar cell was optimized in this study by tuning the morphology and work function of LS-PANI-CSA films using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent in treatment. Results showed that DMSO washing enhanced the electronic properties of the LS-PANI-CSA film and increased its hydrophobicity, which is very important for perovskite growth. The perovskite active layer deposited onto the DMSO-treated LS-PANI-CSA layer had higher crystallinity with large grain sizes (>5 μm), more uniform and complete surface coverage, and very low pinhole density and PbI2 residues compared to untreated LS-PANI-CSA. These enhancements result in higher device performance and stability. Using DMSO-treated LS-PANI-CSA as an HTL at 15 nm of thickness, a maximum 10.8% power conversion efficiency was obtained in ITO/LS-PANI-CSA/MAPbI3/PCBM/BCP/Ag inverted-device configurations. This was a significant improvement compared to 5.18% for devices based on untreated LS-PANI-CSA and a slight improvement over PEDOT:PSS-based devices with 9.48%. Furthermore, the perovskite based on treated LS-PANI-CSA showed the higher stability compared to both untreated LS-PANI-CSA and PEDOT:PSS HTL-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gailan A. Al-Dainy
- Center for Integrative
Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas
at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave., Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Fumiya Watanabe
- Center for Integrative
Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas
at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave., Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Ganesh K. Kannarpady
- Center for Integrative
Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas
at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave., Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Anindya Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave., Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Brian Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave., Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Alexandru S. Biris
- Center for Integrative
Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas
at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave., Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
| | - Shawn E. Bourdo
- Center for Integrative
Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas
at Little Rock, 2801 S. University Ave., Little Rock, Arkansas 72204, United States
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14
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Si CD, Lv XD, Long SJ. Perovskite solar cells employing copper (Ⅰ/II) porphyrin hole-transport material with enhanced performance. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Kim J, Lee Y, Yun AJ, Gil B, Park B. Interfacial Modification and Defect Passivation by the Cross-Linking Interlayer for Efficient and Stable CuSCN-Based Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:46818-46824. [PMID: 31741386 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study of the inorganic hole-transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is gathering attention because of the drawback of the conventional PSC design, where the organic HTL with salt dopants majorly participates in the degradation mechanisms. On the other hand, inorganic HTL secures better stability, while it offers difficulties in the deposition and interfacial control to realize high-performing devices. In this study, we demonstrate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as an ideal polymeric interlayer which prevents interfacial degradation and improves both photovoltaic performance and stability of CuSCN-based PSC by its cross-linking behavior. Surprisingly, the PDMS polymers are identified to form chemical bonds with perovskite and CuSCN, as shown by Raman spectroscopy. This novel cross-linking interlayer of PDMS enhances the hole-transporting property at the interface and passivates the interfacial defects, realizing the PSC with high power-conversion efficiency over 19%. Furthermore, the utilization of the PDMS interlayer greatly improves the stability of solar cells against both humidity and heat by mitigating the interfacial defects and interdiffusion. The PDMS-interlayered PSCs retained over 90% of the initial efficiencies, both after 1000 h under ambient conditions (unencapsulated) and after 500 h under 85 °C/85% relative humidity (encapsulated).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Alan Jiwan Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Bumjin Gil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Byungwoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
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16
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Zani L, Dessì A, Franchi D, Calamante M, Reginato G, Mordini A. Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling methodologies for the engineering of small molecules with applications in organic electronics and photovoltaics. Coord Chem Rev 2019; 392:177-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Xie Y, Wang X, Chen Q, Liu S, Yun Y, Liu Y, Chen C, Wang J, Cao Y, Wang F, Qin T, Huang W. Dopant-Free Hole-Transporting Polycarbazoles with Tailored Backbones for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xie
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NJ Tech), 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West Daxue Street, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
| | - Xuxian Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NJ Tech), 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Qing Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NJ Tech), 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Sizhou Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NJ Tech), 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yikai Yun
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NJ Tech), 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - You Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NJ Tech), 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NJ Tech), 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jungan Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NJ Tech), 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yezhou Cao
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NJ Tech), 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NJ Tech), 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Tianshi Qin
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NJ Tech), 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Key Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West Daxue Street, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
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18
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Saranin D, Gostischev P, Tatarinov D, Ermanova I, Mazov V, Muratov D, Tameev A, Kuznetsov D, Didenko S, Di Carlo A. Copper Iodide Interlayer for Improved Charge Extraction and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:E1406. [PMID: 31052172 PMCID: PMC6540312 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nickel oxide (NiO) is one of the most promising and high-performing Hole Transporting Layer (HTL) in inverted perovskite solar cells due to ideal band alignment with perovskite absorber, wide band gap, and high mobility of charges. At the same time, however, NiO does not provide good contact and trap-free junction for hole collection. In this paper, we examine this problem by developing a double hole transport configuration with a copper iodide (CuI) interlayer for efficient surface passivation. Transient photo-current (TPC) measurements showed that Perovskite/HTL interface with CuI interlayer has an improved hole injection; CuI passivation reduces the concentration of traps and the parasitic charge accumulation that limits the flow of charges. Moreover, we found that CuI protect the HTL/perovskite interface from degradation and consequently improve the stability of the cell. The presence of CuI interlayer induces an improvement of open-circuit voltage VOC (from 1.02 V to 1.07 V), an increase of the shunt resistance RSH (100%), a reduction of the series resistance RS (-30%), and finally a +10% improvement of the solar cell efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Saranin
- L.A.S.E.-Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninskiy prospect 6, Moscow 119049, Russia.
| | - Pavel Gostischev
- L.A.S.E.-Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninskiy prospect 6, Moscow 119049, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Tatarinov
- L.A.S.E.-Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninskiy prospect 6, Moscow 119049, Russia.
| | - Inga Ermanova
- L.A.S.E.-Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninskiy prospect 6, Moscow 119049, Russia.
| | - Vsevolod Mazov
- L.A.S.E.-Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninskiy prospect 6, Moscow 119049, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Muratov
- L.A.S.E.-Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninskiy prospect 6, Moscow 119049, Russia.
| | - Alexey Tameev
- Laboratory "Electronic and photon processes in polymer nanomaterials", Russian Academy of Sciences A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leninskiy prospect 31k4, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Denis Kuznetsov
- Department of Functional Nano Systems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninskiy prospect 4, Moscow 119049, Russia.
| | - Sergey Didenko
- Department of Semiconductor Electronics and Device Physics, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Krymskiy val 3, Moscow 119049, Russia.
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- L.A.S.E.-Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", Leninskiy prospect 6, Moscow 119049, Russia.
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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19
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Shasti M, Völker SF, Collavini S, Valero S, Ruipérez F, Mortezaali A, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M, Hagfeldt A, Delgado JL. Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Oligotriarylamine Hexaarylbenzene as Hole-Transporting Materials. Org Lett 2019; 21:3261-3264. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Shasti
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993893973, Iran
| | - Sebastian F. Völker
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU. Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Silvia Collavini
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU. Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Silvia Valero
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU. Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fernando Ruipérez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU. Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Shaik. M. Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. Grätzel
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A. Hagfeldt
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juan Luis Delgado
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU. Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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20
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Yang D, Yang R, Priya S, Liu S(F. Recent Advances in Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: Fabrication and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4466-4483. [PMID: 30332522 PMCID: PMC6582445 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Flexible perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread research effort because of their potential in portable electronics. The efficiency has exceeded 18 % owing to the high-quality perovskite film achieved by various low-temperature fabrication methods and matching of the interface and electrode materials. This Review focuses on recent progress in flexible perovskite solar cells concerning low-temperature fabrication methods to improve the properties of perovskite films, such as full coverage, uniform morphology, and good crystallinity; demonstrated interface layers used in flexible perovskite solar cells, considering key figures-of-merit such as high transmittance, high carrier mobility, suitable band gap, and easy fabrication via low-temperature methods; flexible transparent electrode materials developed to enhance the mechanical stability of the devices; mechanical and long-term environmental stability; an outlook of flexible perovskite solar cells in portable electronic devices; and perspectives of commercialization for flexible perovskite solar cells based on cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal University620 West Chang'an AvenueXi'an710119China
- Materials Science and EngineeringPenn StateUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Ruixia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal University620 West Chang'an AvenueXi'an710119China
| | - Shashank Priya
- Materials Science and EngineeringPenn StateUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationShaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShaanxi Normal University620 West Chang'an AvenueXi'an710119China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEMDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 China
- Materials Science and Engineering Penn State University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Ruixia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Shashank Priya
- Materials Science and Engineering Penn State University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Shengzhong (Frank) Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University 620 West Chang'an Avenue Xi'an 710119 China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
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22
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Das S, Pandey D, Thomas J, Roy T. The Role of Graphene and Other 2D Materials in Solar Photovoltaics. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1802722. [PMID: 30187972 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
2D materials have attracted considerable attention due to their exciting optical and electronic properties, and demonstrate immense potential for next-generation solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. With the scaling trends in photovoltaics moving toward thinner active materials, the atomically thin bodies and high flexibility of 2D materials make them the obvious choice for integration with future-generation photovoltaic technology. Not only can graphene, with its high transparency and conductivity, be used as the electrodes in solar cells, but also its ambipolar electrical transport enables it to serve as both the anode and the cathode. 2D materials beyond graphene, such as transition-metal dichalcogenides, are direct-bandgap semiconductors at the monolayer level, and they can be used as the active layer in ultrathin flexible solar cells. However, since no 2D material has been featured in the roadmap of standard photovoltaic technologies, a proper synergy is still lacking between the recently growing 2D community and the conventional solar community. A comprehensive review on the current state-of-the-art of 2D-materials-based solar photovoltaics is presented here so that the recent advances of 2D materials for solar cells can be employed for formulating the future roadmap of various photovoltaic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Das
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Deepak Pandey
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Jayan Thomas
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
- College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Tania Roy
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
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23
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Wazzan N, Safi Z. Effect of number and position of methoxy substituents on fine-tuning the electronic structures and photophysical properties of designed carbazole-based hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells: DFT calculations. ARAB J CHEM 2019; 12:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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24
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Matebese F, Taziwa R, Mutukwa D. Progress on the Synthesis and Application of CuSCN Inorganic Hole Transport Material in Perovskite Solar Cells. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11122592. [PMID: 30572658 PMCID: PMC6316768 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
P-type wide bandgap semiconductor materials such as CuI, NiO, Cu2O and CuSCN are currently undergoing intense research as viable alternative hole transport materials (HTMs) to the spiro-OMeTAD in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Despite 23.3% efficiency of PSCs, there are still a number of issues in addition to the toxicology of Pb such as instability and high-cost of the current HTM that needs to be urgently addressed. To that end, copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) HTMs in addition to robustness have high stability, high hole mobility, and suitable energy levels as compared to spiro-OMeTAD HTM. CuSCN HTM layer use affordable materials, require short synthesis routes, require simple synthetic techniques such as spin-coating and doctor-blading, thus offer a viable way of developing cost-effective PSCs. HTMs play a vital role in PSCs as they can enhance the performance of a device by reducing charge recombination processes. In this review paper, we report on the current progress of CuSCN HTMs that have been reported to date in PSCs. CuSCN HTMs have shown enhanced stability when exposed to weather elements as the solar devices retained their initial efficiency by a greater percentage. The efficiency reported to date is greater than 20% and has a potential of increasing, as well as maintaining thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funeka Matebese
- Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Raymond Taziwa
- Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Dorcas Mutukwa
- Fort Hare Institute of Technology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
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25
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang X, Wei L, Zhang B, Sun Y, Hai G, Li Y. Major Impediment to Highly Efficient, Stable and Low-Cost Perovskite Solar Cells. Metals 2018; 8:964. [DOI: 10.3390/met8110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made immense progress in recent years, owing to outstanding optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials, such as high extinction coefficient, carrier mobility, and low exciton binding energy. Since the first appearance in 2009, the efficiency of PSCs has reached 23.3%. This has made them the most promising rival to silicon-based solar cells. However, there are still several issues to resolve to promote PSCs’ outdoor applications. In this review, three crucial aspects of PSCs, including high efficiency, environmental stability, and low-cost of PSCs, are described in detail. Recent in-depth studies on different aspects are also discussed for better understanding of these issues and possible solutions.
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Kasi Matta S, Zhang C, O'Mullane AP, Du A. Density Functional Theory Investigation of Carbon Dots as Hole‐transport Material in Perovskite Solar Cells. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:3018-3023. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Kasi Matta
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus QLD 4001 Brisbane Australia
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus QLD 4001 Brisbane Australia
| | - Anthony P. O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus QLD 4001 Brisbane Australia
| | - Aijun Du
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus QLD 4001 Brisbane Australia
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Wang X, Zhang J, Yu S, Yu W, Fu P, Liu X, Tu D, Guo X, Li C. Lowering Molecular Symmetry To Improve the Morphological Properties of the Hole-Transport Layer for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12529-12533. [PMID: 30076685 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the structural feature of the classical hole-transport material (HTM), Spiro-OMeTAD, many analogues based on a highly symmetrical spiro-core were reported for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, these HTMs were prone to crystallize because of the high molecular symmetry, forming non-uniform films, unfavorable for the device stability and large-area processing. By lowering the symmetry of spiro-core, we report herein a novel spirobisindane-based HTM, Spiro-I, which could form amorphous films with high uniformity and morphological stability. Compared to the Spiro-OMeTAD-based PSCs, those containing Spiro-I exhibit similar efficiencies for small area but higher ones for large area (1 cm2 ), and especially much higher air stability (retaining 80 % of initial PCE after 2400 h storage without encapsulation). Moreover, the Spiro-I can be synthesized from a cheap starting material bisphenol A and used with a small amount for the device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Ping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dandan Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
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Wang X, Zhang J, Yu S, Yu W, Fu P, Liu X, Tu D, Guo X, Li C. Lowering Molecular Symmetry To Improve the Morphological Properties of the Hole-Transport Layer for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shuwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Ping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Dandan Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Dalian 116023 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Dalian 116023 P. R. China
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Yang Y, Pham ND, Yao D, Zhu H, Yarlagadda P, Wang H. Inorganic p-type semiconductors and carbon materials based hole transport materials for perovskite solar cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chen Y, Mei X, Liu X, Wu B, Yang J, Yang J, Xu W, Hou L, Qin D, Wang D. Solution-Processed CdTe Thin-Film Solar Cells Using ZnSe Nanocrystal as a Buffer Layer. Applied Sciences 2018; 8:1195. [DOI: 10.3390/app8071195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The CdTe nanocrystal (NC) is an outstanding, low-cost photovoltaic material for highly efficient solution-processed thin-film solar cells. Currently, most CdTe NC thin-film solar cells are based on CdSe, ZnO, or CdS buffer layers. In this study, a wide bandgap and Cd-free ZnSe NC is introduced for the first time as the buffer layer for all solution-processed CdTe/ZnSe NC hetero-junction thin-film solar cells with a configuration of ITO/ZnO/ZnSe/CdTe/MoOx/Au. The dependence of the thickness of the ZnSe NC film, the annealing temperature and the chemical treatment on the performance of NC solar cells are investigated and discussed in detail. We further develop a ligand-exchanging strategy that involves 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) during the fabrication of ZnSe NC film. An improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.58% is obtained, which is increased by 16.6% when compared to a device without the EDT treatment. We believe that using ZnSe NC as the buffer layer holds the potential for developing high-efficiency, low cost, and stable CdTe NC-based solar cells.
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Angmo D, Peng X, Cheng J, Gao M, Rolston N, Sears K, Zuo C, Subbiah J, Kim SS, Weerasinghe H, Dauskardt RH, Vak D. Beyond Fullerenes: Indacenodithiophene-Based Organic Charge-Transport Layer toward Upscaling of Low-Cost Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:22143-22155. [PMID: 29877699 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is universally used as the electron-transport layer (ETL) in the low-cost inverted planar structure of perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). PCBM brings tremendous challenges in upscaling of PeSCs using industry-relevant methods due to its aggregation behavior, which undermines the power conversion efficiency and stability. Herein, we highlight these, seldom reported, challenges with PCBM. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of nonfullerene indacenodithiophene (IDT)-based molecules by employing a commercially available variant, 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3- d:2',3'- d']- s-indaceno[1,2- b:5,6- b'] dithiophene (ITIC), as a PCBM replacement in ambient-processed PeSCs. Films fabrication by laboratory-based spin-coating and industry-relevant slot-die coating methods are compared. Although similar power-conversion efficiencies are achieved with both types of ETL in a simple device structure fabricated by spin-coating, the nanofibriller morphology of ITIC compared to the aggregated morphology of PCBM films enables improved mechanical integrity and stability of ITIC devices. Upon slot-die coating, the aggregation of PCBM is exacerbated, leading to significantly lower power-conversion efficiency of devices than spin-coated PCBM as well as slot-die-coated ITIC devices. Our results clearly indicate that IDT-based molecules have great potential as an ETL in PeSCs, offering superior properties and upscaling compatibility than PCBM. Thus, we present a short summary of recently emerged nonfullerene IDT-based molecules from the field of organic solar cells and discuss their scope in PeSCs as electron or hole-transport layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechan Angmo
- Flexible Electronics Laboratory, Manufacturing Flagship , CSIRO , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - Xiaojin Peng
- Flexible Electronics Laboratory, Manufacturing Flagship , CSIRO , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Jinshu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Mei Gao
- Flexible Electronics Laboratory, Manufacturing Flagship , CSIRO , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - Nicholas Rolston
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-4034 , United States
| | - Kallista Sears
- Flexible Electronics Laboratory, Manufacturing Flagship , CSIRO , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - Chuantian Zuo
- Flexible Electronics Laboratory, Manufacturing Flagship , CSIRO , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - Jegadesan Subbiah
- School of Chemistry, Bio 21 Institute , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Seok-Soon Kim
- Flexible Electronics Laboratory, Manufacturing Flagship , CSIRO , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering , Kunsan National University , Kunsan , Jeollabuk-do 54150 , Korea
| | - Hasitha Weerasinghe
- Flexible Electronics Laboratory, Manufacturing Flagship , CSIRO , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - Reinhold H Dauskardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-4034 , United States
| | - Doojin Vak
- Flexible Electronics Laboratory, Manufacturing Flagship , CSIRO , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
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Raza E, Aziz F, Ahmad Z. Stability of organometal halide perovskite solar cells and role of HTMs: recent developments and future directions. RSC Adv 2018; 8:20952-20967. [PMID: 35557744 PMCID: PMC9092397 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03477j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently emerged as one of the most exciting fields of research of our time, and the World Economic Forum in 2016 recognized them as one of the top 10 technologies in 2016. With 22.7% power conversion efficiency, PSCs are poised to revolutionize the way power is produced, stored and consumed. However, the widespread use of PSCs requires addressing the stability issue. Therefore, it is now time to focus on the critical step i.e. stability under the operating conditions for the development of a sustainable and durable PV technology based on PSCs. In order to improve the stability of PSCs, hole transport materials (HTMs) have been considered as the paramount components. This is due to the fact that most of the organic HTMs possess a hygroscopic and acidic nature that leads to poor stability of the PSCs. This article reviews briefly but comprehensively the environmental stability issues of PSCs, fundamentals, strategies for improvement, the role of HTMs towards stability and various types of HTMs. Also the environmental parameters affecting the performance of perovskite solar cells including temperature, moisture and light soaking environment have been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Raza
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Physical and Numerical Sciences, University of Peshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan
| | - Fakhra Aziz
- Department of Electronics, Jinnah College for Women, University of Peshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University 2713 Doha Qatar
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