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Iakovou G, Ipsakis D, Triantafyllidis KS. Kraft lignin fast (catalytic) pyrolysis for the production of high value-added chemicals (HVACs): A techno-economic screening of valorization pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118205. [PMID: 38242421 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a techno-economic analysis (TEA) of six (6) scenarios of the kraft lignin catalytic (CFP) and thermal (TFP) fast pyrolysis towards the production of high value-added chemicals (HVACs) and electric energy, based on experimental data from our previous work. ASPEN PLUS was used to simulate the proposed plants/scenarios and retrofitted custom-based economic models that were developed in Microsoft EXCEL. The results showed that scenarios 1 and 2 in which the produced bio-oil is used as fuel for electricity production are the most cost-deficient. On the other hand, scenarios 3 and 6 that utilize the light bio-oil fraction to recover distinct HVACs, along with the use of heavier fractions for electricity production, have showed a significant investment viability, since profitability measures are high. Furthermore, scenarios 4 and 5 that refer to the recovery of mixtures (fractions) of HVACs, are considered an intermediate investment option due to the reduced cost of separation. All the proposed scenarios have a substantial total capital investment (TCI) which ranges from 135 MM€ (scenario 4) to 380 MM€ (scenario 6) with a Lang factor of 6.08, which shows that the CAPEX results are within reason. As far as the comparison of lignin CFP and TFP goes, it is shown that lignin CFP leads to the production of aromatic and phenolic monomers which have a substantial market value, while TFP can lead to important value-added chemicals with a lower OPEX than CFP. A target of return of investment (ROI) of 32% has been set for the selling prices of the HVACs. In summary, this study aims at listing and assessing a set of economic indicators for industrial size plants that use lignin CFP and TFP towards the production of high value-added chemicals and energy production and to provide simulation data for comparative analysis of three bio-oil separation methods, i.e. distillation, liquid-liquid extraction and moving bed chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Iakovou
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54214, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Ipsakis
- Industrial, Energy and Environmental Systems Lab (IEESL), School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, 73100, Chania, Greece
| | - Konstantinos S Triantafyllidis
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54214, Thessaloniki, Greece; Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology-Hellas, 6(th) Km Harilaou-Thermi Road, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Yang H, Li X, Liu S, Lin G, Guo X, Wang X, Ding K, Huang Y, Zhang S. Promotion of levoglucosan production from biomass pyrolysis by hydrogen peroxide pre-oxidation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 400:130667. [PMID: 38583674 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Due to the complexity of biomass structures, the conversion of raw biomass into value-added chemicals is challenging and often requires efficient pretreatment of the biomass. In this paper, a simple and green pre-oxidation method, which was conducted under the conditions of 2 wt% H2O2, 80 min, and 150 °C, was reported to significantly increase the production of levoglucosan (LG) from biomass pyrolysis. The result showed that the LG yield significantly increased from 2.3 wt% (without pre-oxidation) to 23.1 wt% when pine wood was employed as a sample for pyrolysis at 400 °C, resulting from the removal of hemicellulose fraction and the in-situ acid catalysis of lignin carboxyl groups formed during the pre-oxidation. When the conditions for pre-oxidation became harsher than the above, the LG yield reduced because the decomposition of cellulose fraction in biomass. The study supplies an effective method for utilization of biomass as chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guiying Lin
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, No.1, Cihu Road 1, Huangshi 430052, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Kuan Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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Bleus D, Blockx H, Gesquiere E, Adriaensens P, Samyn P, Marchal W, Vandamme D. High-Temperature Hydrothermal Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Brewer's Spent Grain and Malt Dust Biomass Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents. Molecules 2024; 29:1983. [PMID: 38731474 PMCID: PMC11085089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aligned with the EU Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (EU SDG2030), extensive research is dedicated to enhancing the sustainable use of biomass waste for the extraction of pharmaceutical and nutritional compounds, such as (poly-)phenolic compounds (PC). This study proposes an innovative one-step hydrothermal extraction (HTE) at a high temperature (120 °C), utilizing environmentally friendly acidic natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) to replace conventional harmful pre-treatment chemicals and organic solvents. Brewer's spent grain (BSG) and novel malt dust (MD) biomass sources, both obtained from beer production, were characterized and studied for their potential as PC sources. HTE, paired with mild acidic malic acid/choline chloride (MA) NADES, was compared against conventional (heated and stirred maceration) and modern (microwave-assisted extraction; MAE) state-of-the-art extraction methods. The quantification of key PC in BSG and MD using liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicated that the combination of elevated temperatures and acidic NADES could provide significant improvements in PC extraction yields ranging from 251% (MD-MAC-MA: 29.3 µg/g; MD-HTE-MA: 103 µg/g) to 381% (BSG-MAC-MA: 78 µg/g; BSG-HTE-MA: 375 µg/g). The superior extraction capacity of MA NADES over non-acidic NADES (glycerol/choline chloride) and a traditional organic solvent mixture (acetone/H2O) could be attributed to in situ acid-catalysed pre-treatment facilitating the release of bound PC from lignin-hemicellulose structures. Qualitative 13C-NMR and pyro-GC-MS analysis was used to verify lignin-hemicellulose breakdown during extraction and the impact of high-temperature MA NADES extraction on the lignin-hemicellulose structure. This in situ acid NADES-catalysed high-temperature pre-treatment during PC extraction offers a potential green pre-treatment for use in cascade valorisation strategies (e.g., lignin valorisation), enabling more intensive usage of available biomass waste stream resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Bleus
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Heike Blockx
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Emma Gesquiere
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Pieter Samyn
- Department of Circular Economy and Renewable Materials, Sirris, Gaston Geenslaan 8, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Marchal
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dries Vandamme
- Analytical and Circular Chemistry (ACC), Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Wang L, Wang T, Hao R, Wang Y. Synthesis and applications of biomass-derived porous carbon materials in energy utilization and environmental remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139635. [PMID: 37495055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Renewable biomass and its waste are considered among the most promising applications materials owing to the depletion of fossil fuel and concerns about environmental pollution. Notably, advanced porous carbon materials derived from carbon-rich biomass precursors exhibit controllable pore structures, large surface areas, natural microstructures, and abundant functional groups. In addition, these three-dimensional structures provide sufficient reaction sites and fascinating physicochemical properties that are conducive to heteroatom doping and functional modification. This review systematically summarizes the design methods and related mechanisms of biomass-derived porous carbon materials (BDPCMs), discusses how the synthesis conditions influence the structure and performance of the carbon material, and emphasizes the importance of its use in energy utilization and environmental remediation applications. Current BDPCMs challenges and future development strategies are finally discussed to provide systematic information for further synthesis and performance optimization, which are expected to lead to novel ideas for the future development of bio-based carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sandy Shrubs Fibrosis and Energy Development and Utilization, Hohhot, 010018, PR China
| | - Teng Wang
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ruidi Hao
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Sandy Shrubs Fibrosis and Energy Development and Utilization, Hohhot, 010018, PR China.
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Li Z, Xie D, Zhu W, Wang H, Ouyang T, Sun J, Wu Y, Cheng F. Bleaching-free, lignin-tolerant, high-yield production of nanocrystalline cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass. iScience 2022; 26:105771. [PMID: 36636346 PMCID: PMC9830227 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) preparation in an integrated fractionation manner is expected to solve the problems of low yield and environmental impact in the traditional process. An integrated fractionation strategy for NCC production from wood was developed through catalytic biomass fractionation, the partial dissolution of cellulose-rich materials (CRMs) in aqueous tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide, and short-term ultrasonication. The presented process could tolerate a high CRM lignin content of 21.2 wt % and provide a high NCC yield of 76.6 wt % (34.3 wt % of the original biomass). The increase in the CRM lignin content decreased the NCC yield, facilitated the crystal transition of NCC from cellulose I to cellulose II, and showed no apparent effects on the NCC morphology. A partial/selective dissolution mechanism is proposed for the presented strategy. This study provided a promising efficient fractionation-based method toward comprehensive and high-value utilization of lignocellulosic biomass through effective delignification and high-yield NCC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metallic and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Di Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metallic and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Weizhi Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metallic and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metallic and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tulong Ouyang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metallic and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianping Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metallic and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yiqiang Wu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Fangchao Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Nonferrous Metallic and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China,College of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China,Corresponding author
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Yan CZ, Nzioka AM, Sim YJ, Meshalkin VP, Kim YJ. Thermal Degradation Characteristic and Kinetic Analysis of the Solid Byproducts Recovered from Vacuum Pressurized/Friction Thermal Sterilization of Hospital Solid Wastes. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [PMCID: PMC9880945 DOI: 10.1134/s0040579522060185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Z. Yan
- Hubei University of Automotive Technology, Shiyan, China
| | | | - Y. J. Sim
- Silla Entech Co., Ltd, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - V. P. Meshalkin
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Y. J. Kim
- Silla Entech Co., Ltd, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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7
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Tian L, Li R, Sun Y, Zou J, Liu S, Ma P, Tao H, Qing C, Li C, Yellezuome D, Cai J. Insight into derivative Weibull mixture model in describing simulated distributed activation energy model and distillers dried grains with solubles pyrolysis processes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 153:219-228. [PMID: 36116216 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of biomass pyrolysis is fundamental for exploring its mechanisms and optimizing its processes, which is helpful for designing its systems. The derivative Weibull mixture model was proposed for kinetic description of the simulated distribution energy model (DAEM) processes and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) pyrolysis processes. The conversion rate data of these processes at different heating rates could be accurately described by the derivative Weibull mixture model. Moreover, the proposed model could effectively smooth the noises contained in the experimental conversion rate data of DDGS pyrolysis. The derivative Weibull mixture model separated DDGS pyrolysis reactions into several individual processes, and provided some data required for further isoconversional kinetic analysis. The predicted curves from the derivative Weibull mixture model allowed us to obtain the effective activation energies of DDGS pyrolysis, which varied significantly from 170 to 330 kJ mol-1 in the conversion range between 0.1 and 0.9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Tian
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruotong Li
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yilan Sun
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianfeng Zou
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shengyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Peng Ma
- Research and Development Center of High Value Utilization of Biomass, Zhengzhou University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Hongge Tao
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chunyao Qing
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chong Li
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dominic Yellezuome
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junmeng Cai
- Biomass Energy Engineering Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Talib Hamzah H, Sridevi V, Seereddi M, Suriapparao DV, Ramesh P, Sankar Rao C, Gautam R, Kaka F, Pritam K. The role of solvent soaking and pretreatment temperature in microwave-assisted pyrolysis of waste tea powder: Analysis of products, synergy, pyrolysis index, and reaction mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127913. [PMID: 36089130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) of fresh waste tea powder and torrefied waste tea powder as feedstocks. Solvents including benzene, acetone, and ethanol were used for soaking feedstocks. The feedstock torrefaction temperature (at 150 °C) and solvents soaking enhanced the yields of char (44.2-59.8 wt%) and the oil (39.8-45.3 wt%) in MAP. Co-pyrolysis synergy induced an increase in the yield of gaseous products (4.7-20.1 wt%). The average heating rate varied in the range of 5-25 °C/min. The energy consumption in MAP of torrefied feedstock (1386 KJ) significantly decreased compared to fresh (3114 KJ). The pyrolysis index dramatically varied with the solvent soaking in the following order: ethanol (26.7) > benzene (25.6) > no solvent (10) > acetone (6). It shows that solvent soaking plays an important role in the pyrolysis process. The obtained bio-oil was composed of mono-aromatics, poly-aromatics, and oxygenated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam Talib Hamzah
- Department of Chemical Engg, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Veluru Sridevi
- Department of Chemical Engg, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Meghana Seereddi
- Department of Chemical Engg, AU College of Engineering (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Dadi V Suriapparao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, India.
| | - Potnuri Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India
| | - Chinta Sankar Rao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal 575025, India
| | - Ribhu Gautam
- Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fiyanshu Kaka
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune 411025, India
| | - Kocherlakota Pritam
- Department of Mathematics, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, India
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Baehr C, Smith GJ, Sleeman D, Zevaco TA, Raffelt K, Dahmen N. Aldehydes and ketones in pyrolysis oil: analytical determination and their role in the aging process. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7374-7382. [PMID: 35424697 PMCID: PMC8982254 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08899h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehydes and ketones are known to play a role in the aging process of pyrolysis oil and generally, aldehydes are known for their high reactivity. In order to discern in pyrolysis oil the total aldehyde concentration from that of the ketones, a procedure for the quantification of aldehydes by 1H-NMR was developed. Its capability is demonstrated with a hardwood pyrolysis oil at different stages of the aging process. It was treated by the Accelerated Aging Test at 80 °C for durations of up to 48 h. The aldehyde concentration was complemented by the total concentration of carbonyls, quantified by carbonyl titration. The measurements show, that the examined hardwood pyrolysis oil contained 0.31–0.40 mmol g−1 aldehydes and 4.36–4.45 mmol g−1 ketones. During the first 24 h, the aldehyde concentration declined by 23–39% and the ketone concentration by 9%. The rate of decline of aldehyde concentration slows down within 24 h but is still measureable. In contrast, the total carbonyl content does not change significantly after an initial decline within the first 4 h. Changes for vinylic, acetalic, phenolic and hydroxyl protons and for protons in the α-position to hydroxy, ether, acetalic and ester groups were detected, by 1H-NMR. In the context of characterizing pyrolysis oil and monitoring the aging process, 1H-NMR is a reliable tool to assess the total concentration of aldehydes. It confirms the reactivity of aldehydes and ketones and indicates their contribution to the instability of pyrolysis oil. A chemical-analytical procedure by 1H-NMR was developed to determine the total concentration of aldehydes in a hardwood-based pyrolysis oil during the process of accelerated aging at 80 °C for 48 h. It is compared to results of carbonyl titration.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Baehr
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gavin J. Smith
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Daniel Sleeman
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas A. Zevaco
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Klaus Raffelt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Nicolaus Dahmen
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Thermochemical and Catalytic Conversion Technologies for the Development of Brazilian Biomass Utilization. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The social, economic, and environmental impacts of climate change have been shown to affect poorer populations throughout the world disproportionally, and the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–2021 has only exacerbated the use of less sustainable energy, fuel, and chemical sources. The period of economic and social recovery following the pandemic presents an unprecedented opportunity to invest in biorefineries based on the pyrolysis of agricultural residues. These produce a plethora of sustainable resources while also contributing to the economic valorization of first-sector local economies. However, biomass-derived pyrolysis liquid is highly oxygenated, which hinders its long-term stability and usability. Catalytic hydrogenation is a proposed upgrading method to reduce this hindrance, while recent studies on the use of nickel and niobium as low-cost catalysts, both abundant in Brazil, reinforce the potential synergy between different economic sectors within the country. This review gathers state-of-the-art applications of these technologies with the intent to guide the scientific community and lawmakers alike on yet another alternative for energy and commodities production within an environmentally sustainable paradigm.
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Staš M, Auersvald M, Kejla L, Vrtiška D, Kroufek J, Kubička D. Quantitative analysis of pyrolysis bio-oils: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Menares T, Herrera J, Romero R, Osorio P, Arteaga-Pérez LE. Waste tires pyrolysis kinetics and reaction mechanisms explained by TGA and Py-GC/MS under kinetically-controlled regime. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:21-29. [PMID: 31654876 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fast pyrolysis of waste tires (WTs) is studied by quasi-isothermal thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis, kinetic modelling and an analytical pyrolyzer coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The TGA demonstrated that the WTs pyrolysis is ruled by devolatilization/condensation and depropagation reactions, up to 482 °C. At higher temperatures, the cyclization and aromatization of primary products take place to form mostly monoaromatics. Py-GC/MS experiments were performed under kinetic regime according to the thermal map established by the ratio between Biot́s (31.25) and Py-numbers (7.7⋅106). Limonene (51%) and isoprene (20.5%) were the major compounds detected at temperatures below 435 °C, while above 600 °C limonene was converted to mono-aromatics (SBTX = 28.7%). The approach to equilibrium of Diels-Alder reaction demonstrated that there is an equilibrium-ruled behavior between isoprene and limonene, particularly at T > 600 °C. The Ea values calculated by the Starinḱs model ranged from 101.5 to 176.7 kJ/mol, while for model-based kinetics it was 152.7 kJ/kmol. The integration of TGA, kinetic modelling and Py-GC/MS provided insights into pyrolysis reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Menares
- Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC), Department of Wood Engineering, University of Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile; Technological Development Unit, Universidad de Concepción, Coronel, Chile
| | - Jorge Herrera
- Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC), Department of Wood Engineering, University of Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Romina Romero
- Technological Development Unit, Universidad de Concepción, Coronel, Chile
| | - Paula Osorio
- Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC), Department of Wood Engineering, University of Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis E Arteaga-Pérez
- Laboratory of Thermal and Catalytic Processes (LPTC), Department of Wood Engineering, University of Bío-Bío, Concepción, Chile.
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13
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Wang H, Pu Y, Ragauskas A, Yang B. From lignin to valuable products-strategies, challenges, and prospects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 271:449-461. [PMID: 30266464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of effective approaches for the valorization of lignin to valuable products attracts broad interests of a growing scientific community. By fully unlocking the potential of the world's most abundant resource of bio-aromatics, it could improve the profitability and carbon efficiency of the entire biorefinery process, thus accelerate the replacement of fossil resources with bioresources in our society. The successful realization of this goal depends on the development of technologies to overcome the following challenges, including: 1) efficient biomass pretreatment and lignin separation technologies that overcomes its diverse structure and complex chemistry challenges to obtain high purity lignin; 2) advanced chemical analysis for precise quantitative characterization of the lignin in chemical transformation processes; 3) novel approaches for conversion of biomass-derived lignin to valuable products. This review summarizes the latest cutting-edge innovations of lignin chemical valorization with the focus on the aforementioned three key aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Center of Biomass Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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14
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Li R, Narita R, Ouda R, Kimura C, Nishimura H, Yatagai M, Fujita T, Watanabe T. Structure-dependent antiviral activity of catechol derivatives in pyroligneous acid against the encephalomycarditis virus. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35888-35896. [PMID: 35558500 PMCID: PMC9088284 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07096b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyrolysis product, wood vinegar (WV), from Japanese larch exhibited strong antiviral activity against the encephalomycarditis virus (EMCV). Catechol, 3-methyl-, 4-methyl-, 4-ethyl-, and 3-methoxycatechol, and 2-methyl-1,4-benzenediol were identified as the major antiviral compounds. The viral inhibition ability of these compounds was affected by the structure and position of the substituent group attached to the aromatic skeleton. The IC50 of catechol was 0.67 mg mL-1 and those of its derivatives were <0.40 mg mL-1. Methyl and ethyl substitution in the para position relative to a hydroxyl group obviously increased the antiviral activities. The mode of antiviral action was investigated by adding catechol derivatives at different times of the viral life cycle. It was found that direct inactivations of EMCV by these compounds were the major pathway for the antiviral activity. The effect of catechol derivatives on the host immune system was studied by quantification of Il6 and Ifnb1 expression levels. Increased Il6 expression levels indicate NF-κB activation by reactive oxygen species from auto-oxidations of catechol derivatives, which is also a possible antiviral route. The present research provides indices for production of potent antiviral agents form lignocellulose biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Li
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Ryo Narita
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Ryota Ouda
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Chihiro Kimura
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishimura
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | | | - Takashi Fujita
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Science, Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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15
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Zhao S, Liu M, Zhao L, Zhu L. Influence of Interactions among Three Biomass Components on the Pyrolysis Behavior. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lingli Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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