1
|
Zhang Y, Yun J, Zabed HM, Dou Y, Zhang G, Zhao M, Taherzadeh MJ, Ragauskas A, Qi X. High-level co-production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid and 1,3-propanediol from glycerol: Metabolic engineering and process optimization. Bioresour Technol 2023; 369:128438. [PMID: 36470488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) are value-added chemicals with versatile applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Nevertheless, sustainable production of 3-HP and 1,3-PDO is often limited by the lack of efficient strains and suitable fermentation configurations. Herein, attempts have been made to improve the co-production of both metabolites through metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli and process optimization. First, the 3-HP and 1,3-PDO co-biosynthetic pathways were recruited and optimized in E. coli, followed by coupling the pathways to the transhydrogenase-mediated cofactor regeneration systems that increased cofactor availability and product synthesis. Next, pathway rebalancing and block of by-product formation significantly improved 3-HP and 1,3-PDO net titer. Subsequently, glycerol flux toward 3-HP and 1,3-PDO synthesis was maximized by removing metabolic repression and fine-tuning the glycerol oxidation pathway. Lastly, the combined fermentation process optimization and two-stage pH-controlled fed-batch fermentation co-produced 140.50 g/L 3-HP and 1,3-PDO, with 0.85 mol/mol net yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junhua Yun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hossain M Zabed
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuan Dou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guoyan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mei Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China
| | | | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kasputyte G, Švagždiene M, Kumpaitiene B, Gailiušas M, Andrejaitiene J, Širvinskas E, Krakauskaite S, Petkus V, Chaleckas E, Ragauskas A, Lenkutis T. CEREBRAL AUTOREGULATION MONITORING TO REDUCE POSTOPERATIVE NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS FROM CARDIAC SURGERY: ONGOING STUDY. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
|
3
|
Sadeghifar H, Ragauskas A. Lignin as a bioactive polymer and heavy metal absorber- an overview. Chemosphere 2022; 309:136564. [PMID: 36155017 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a pulping and bio-refinery by-product with phenolic chemical structure, lignin indicated high potential as natural antioxidant activity, UV blocker, antibacterial and toxic material absorbent properties. Presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignin structure plays the main role of its antioxidant activity. However, lignin antioxidant power can change depending on its other structural features and functional groups like ortho-methoxy groups, -OCH3 groups, the α-CH2 groups, the aliphatic carbonyl groups, and the size of π-conjugated systems. Lignin in mixture with synthetic polymers, improved their thermal stability. Lignin has high UV light absorbing potential in broad-spectrum (UVA, UVB). Adding 1-5% of lignin into hand cream indicated excellent range of sun protection factor (SPF) with more than 95% UV light absorption. Lignin also indicated strong UV light protection when applied in different transparent film and protect paint, oil, and varnish from UV degradation. Lignosulfonate and other modified lignin including chemically modification, nano-particles and lignin hydrogel indicated high potential as heavy metal absorber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Sadeghifar
- Hollingsworth & Vose, R&D Center, 219 Townsend Road, Groton, MA, 01450, USA.
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee (UT), Knoxville, TN, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Xu Y, Meng X, Pu Y, Ragauskas A, Zhang J. Production of xylo-oligosaccharides from poplar by acetic acid pretreatment and its impact on inhibitory effect of poplar lignin. Bioresour Technol 2021; 323:124593. [PMID: 33387707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, efficient production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from poplar by acetic acid (AA) pretreatment was developed; but the effect of residual lignin on subsequent cellulase hydrolysis was unclear. Herein, XOS was produced from poplar by AA pretreatment and the effect of AA pretreatment on lignin inhibition to cellulase hydrolysis was investigated. The results indicated that a high XOS yield of 55.8% was obtained, and the inhibition degree of lignin in poplar increased from 1.0% to 6.8% after AA pretreatment. Lignin was acetylated and its molecular weight decreased from 12,211 to 2871 g/mol after AA pretreatment. The increase of S/G ratio, phenolic hydroxyl, and condensed units of lignin after AA pretreatment might be reasons for this intensified inhibition. The results advanced our understanding of the structural and inhibitory properties of lignin after production of XOS from poplar with AA pretreatment, and provided references for efficient cellulase hydrolysis of poplar after AA pretreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinye Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2200, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hansen BB, Spittle S, Chen B, Poe D, Zhang Y, Klein JM, Horton A, Adhikari L, Zelovich T, Doherty BW, Gurkan B, Maginn EJ, Ragauskas A, Dadmun M, Zawodzinski TA, Baker GA, Tuckerman ME, Savinell RF, Sangoro JR. Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Review of Fundamentals and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 121:1232-1285. [PMID: 33315380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 689] [Impact Index Per Article: 172.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are an emerging class of mixtures characterized by significant depressions in melting points compared to those of the neat constituent components. These materials are promising for applications as inexpensive "designer" solvents exhibiting a host of tunable physicochemical properties. A detailed review of the current literature reveals the lack of predictive understanding of the microscopic mechanisms that govern the structure-property relationships in this class of solvents. Complex hydrogen bonding is postulated as the root cause of their melting point depressions and physicochemical properties; to understand these hydrogen bonded networks, it is imperative to study these systems as dynamic entities using both simulations and experiments. This review emphasizes recent research efforts in order to elucidate the next steps needed to develop a fundamental framework needed for a deeper understanding of DESs. It covers recent developments in DES research, frames outstanding scientific questions, and identifies promising research thrusts aligned with the advancement of the field toward predictive models and fundamental understanding of these solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benworth B Hansen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996-2200, United States
| | - Stephanie Spittle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996-2200, United States
| | - Brian Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Derrick Poe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Klein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Alexandre Horton
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996-2200, United States
| | - Laxmi Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Tamar Zelovich
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Brian W Doherty
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Burcu Gurkan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Edward J Maginn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996-2200, United States
| | - Mark Dadmun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, United States
| | - Thomas A Zawodzinski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996-2200, United States
| | - Gary A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Mark E Tuckerman
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Robert F Savinell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Joshua R Sangoro
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996-2200, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamarat Y, Petkus V, Zakelis R, Kumpaitiene B, Svagzdiene M, Sirvinskas E, Krakauskaite S, Ragauskas A, Benetis R. Cerebrovascular autoregulation impairments and postoperative cognitive deterioration after cardiac surgery. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
7
|
Hamarat Y, Preiksaitis A, Kalvaitis E, Petkus V, Lucinskas P, Putnynaite V, Krakauskaite S, Zubaviciute E, Vosylius S, Rocka S, Rastenyte D, Aries J, Neumann J, Ragauskas A. Patient specific TBI patients’ treatment: single center study. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Yang Z, Pingali SV, O'Neill H, Bhagia S, Evans BR, Davison BH, Ragauskas A. SANS study of structures and deuterium incorporation into vegetative leaf stalks of deuterated kale ( Brassica oleracea). Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767319096843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
9
|
Wang H, Pu Y, Ragauskas A, Yang B. From lignin to valuable products-strategies, challenges, and prospects. Bioresour Technol 2019; 271:449-461. [PMID: 30266464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of effective approaches for the valorization of lignin to valuable products attracts broad interests of a growing scientific community. By fully unlocking the potential of the world's most abundant resource of bio-aromatics, it could improve the profitability and carbon efficiency of the entire biorefinery process, thus accelerate the replacement of fossil resources with bioresources in our society. The successful realization of this goal depends on the development of technologies to overcome the following challenges, including: 1) efficient biomass pretreatment and lignin separation technologies that overcomes its diverse structure and complex chemistry challenges to obtain high purity lignin; 2) advanced chemical analysis for precise quantitative characterization of the lignin in chemical transformation processes; 3) novel approaches for conversion of biomass-derived lignin to valuable products. This review summarizes the latest cutting-edge innovations of lignin chemical valorization with the focus on the aforementioned three key aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Center of Biomass Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Petkus V, Preiksaitis A, Rocka S, Ragauskas A. Response to Dr. Frederick Adam Zeiler. Neurocrit Care 2018; 29:319. [DOI: 10.1007/s12028-018-0594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
11
|
Donald R, Howells T, Piper I, Enblad P, Nilsson P, Chambers I, Gregson B, Citerio G, Kiening K, Neumann J, Ragauskas A, Sahuquillo J, Sinnott R, Stell A. Forewarning of hypotensive events using a Bayesian artificial neural network in neurocritical care. J Clin Monit Comput 2018; 33:39-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10877-018-0139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Lo T, Piper I, Depreitere B, Meyfroidt G, Poca M, Sahuquillo J, Durduran T, Enblad P, Nilsson P, Ragauskas A, Kiening K, Morris K, Agbeko R, Levin R, Weitz J, Park C, Davis P. KidsBrainIT: A New Multi-centre, Multi-disciplinary, Multi-national Paediatric Brain Monitoring Collaboration. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2018; 126:39-45. [PMID: 29492529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-65798-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Validated optimal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) treatment thresholds in children do not exist. To improve the intensive care unit (ICU) management of the paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) population, we are forming a new paediatric multi-centre collaboration to recruit standardised ICU data for running and reporting upon models for assessing autoregulation and optimal CCP (CPPopt). MATERIALS AND METHODS We are adapting the adult BrainIT group's approach to develop a new Paediatric Brain Monitoring and Information Technology Group (KidsBrainIT), which will include a repository to store prospectively collected high-resolution physiological, clinical, and outcome data. In the first phase of this project there are 7 UK Paediatric Intensive Care Units, 1 Spanish, 1 Belgium, and 1 Romanian Centre interested in participating. In subsequent phases, we plan to open recruitment to other centres both within Europe, US and abroad. We are collaborating with the Leuven Group and plan to use their LAx (low-frequency autoregulation index), DATACAR (dynamic adaptive target of active cerebral autoregulation), CPPopt and visualisation methodologies. We also plan to use the continuous diffuse optical monitoring and tomography technology developed in Barcelona as an acute surrogate end-point for optimising brain perfusion. This technology allows non-invasive continuous monitoring of deep tissue perfusion and oxygenation in adults but its clinical application in infants and children with TBI has not been studied previously. RESULTS We report on the current status of setting up this new collaboration and also on pilot analyses in two centres which are the basis of our rationale for the need for a prospective validation study of CPPopt in children. Specifically, we demonstrated that CPPopt varied with time for each patient during their paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay, and the median overall CPPopt levels for children aged 2-6 years, 7-11 years and 12-16 years were 68.83, 68.09, and 72.17 mmHg respectively. Among survivors and patients with favourable outcome (GOS 4 and 5), there were significantly higher proportions with CPP monitoring time within CPPopt (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01 respectively). CONCLUSIONS There is a need and an interest in forming a multi-centre PICU collaboration for acquiring data and performing analyses for determining validated CPPopt thresholds in the paediatric TBI population. KidsBrainIT is being formed to meet that need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Lo
- Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I Piper
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
| | | | | | - M Poca
- Val D'hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Sahuquillo
- Val D'hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Durduran
- Val D'hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Enblad
- Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Nilsson
- Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Ragauskas
- Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - K Kiening
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Morris
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Agbeko
- Great Northern Children's Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - R Levin
- Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Weitz
- Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - C Park
- Alder Hey Childrens NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Davis
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Petkus V, Kumpaitiene B, Krakauskaite S, Zakelis R, Svagzdiene M, Sirvinskas E, Chomskis R, Benetis R, Ragauskas A. Continuous non-invasive monitoring of cerebrovascular autoregulation impairments during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in order to protect the brain from postoperative cognitive deterioration. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
14
|
Svagzdiene M, Kumpaitiene B, Sirvinskas E, Zakelis R, Petkus V, Ragauskas A, Benetis R. Cerebrovascular autoregulation impairment during cardiac surgery is related to postoperative cognitive dysfunction. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
Farahi RH, Charrier AM, Tolbert A, Lereu AL, Ragauskas A, Davison BH, Passian A. Plasticity, elasticity, and adhesion energy of plant cell walls: nanometrology of lignin loss using atomic force microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:152. [PMID: 28273953 PMCID: PMC5428038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex organic polymer, lignin, abundant in plants, prevents the efficient extraction of sugars from the cell walls that is required for large scale biofuel production. Because lignin removal is crucial in overcoming this challenge, the question of how the nanoscale properties of the plant cell ultrastructure correlate with delignification processes is important. Here, we report how distinct molecular domains can be identified and how physical quantities of adhesion energy, elasticity, and plasticity undergo changes, and whether such quantitative observations can be used to characterize delignification. By chemically processing biomass, and employing nanometrology, the various stages of lignin removal are shown to be distinguished through the observed morphochemical and nanomechanical variations. Such spatially resolved correlations between chemistry and nanomechanics during deconstruction not only provide a better understanding of the cell wall architecture but also is vital for devising optimum chemical treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R H Farahi
- Quantum Information Science, Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - A M Charrier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, Marseille, France
| | - A Tolbert
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - A L Lereu
- Quantum Information Science, Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, Marseille, France
| | - A Ragauskas
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - B H Davison
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - A Passian
- Quantum Information Science, Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.
- BioEnergy Science Center (BESC), Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kalluri UC, Payyavula RS, Labbé JL, Engle N, Bali G, Jawdy SS, Sykes RW, Davis M, Ragauskas A, Tuskan GA, Tschaplinski TJ. Down-Regulation of KORRIGAN-Like Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Genes Impacts Carbon Partitioning, Mycorrhizal Colonization and Biomass Production in Populus. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1455. [PMID: 27757116 PMCID: PMC5047894 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A greater understanding of the genetic regulation of plant cell wall remodeling and the impact of modified cell walls on plant performance is important for the development of sustainable biofuel crops. Here, we studied the impact of down-regulating KORRIGAN-like cell wall biosynthesis genes, belonging to the endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene family, on Populus growth, metabolism and the ability to interact with symbiotic microbes. The reductions in cellulose content and lignin syringyl-to-guaiacyl unit ratio, and increase in cellulose crystallinity of cell walls of PdKOR RNAi plants corroborated the functional role of PdKOR in cell wall biosynthesis. Altered metabolism and reduced growth characteristics of RNAi plants revealed new implications on carbon allocation and partitioning. The distinctive metabolome phenotype comprised of a higher phenolic and salicylic acid content, and reduced lignin, shikimic acid and maleic acid content relative to control. Plant sustainability implications of modified cell walls on beneficial plant-microbe interactions were explored via co-culture with an ectomycorrhizal fungus, Laccaria bicolor. A significant increase in the mycorrhization rate was observed in transgenic plants, leading to measurable beneficial growth effects. These findings present new evidence for functional interconnectedness of cellulose biosynthesis pathway, metabolism and mycorrhizal association in plants, and further emphasize the consideration of the sustainability implications of plant trait improvement efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udaya C. Kalluri
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak RidgeTN, USA
| | - Raja S. Payyavula
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak RidgeTN, USA
| | - Jessy L. Labbé
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak RidgeTN, USA
| | - Nancy Engle
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak RidgeTN, USA
| | - Garima Bali
- BioEnergy Science Center, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, AtlantaGA, USA
| | - Sara S. Jawdy
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak RidgeTN, USA
| | - Robert W. Sykes
- The Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, GoldenCO, USA
| | - Mark Davis
- The Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, GoldenCO, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory – Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, KnoxvilleTN, USA
| | - Gerald A. Tuskan
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak RidgeTN, USA
| | - Timothy J. Tschaplinski
- BioEnergy Science Center and Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak RidgeTN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kumpaitiene B, Svagzdiene M, Sirvinskas E, Zakelis R, Petkus V, Chomskis R, Ragauskas A, Benetis R. Disorder of cerebrovascular autoregulation during cardiac surgery with CPB and its relation with the rate of post – operative cognitive dysfunction. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
18
|
Yang H, Xie Y, Zheng X, Pu Y, Huang F, Meng X, Wu W, Ragauskas A, Yao L. Comparative study of lignin characteristics from wheat straw obtained by soda-AQ and kraft pretreatment and effect on the following enzymatic hydrolysis process. Bioresour Technol 2016; 207:361-9. [PMID: 26897415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To understand the structural changes of lignin after soda-AQ and kraft pretreatment, milled straw lignin, black liquor lignin and residual lignin extracted from wheat straw were characterized by FT-IR, UV, GPC and NMR. The results showed that the main lignin linkages were β-aryl ether substructures (β-O-4'), followed by phenylcoumaran (β-5') and resinol (β-β') substructures, while minor content of spirodienone (β-1'), dibenzodioxocin (5-5') and α,β-diaryl ether linkages were detected as well. After pretreatment, most lignin inter-units and lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) linkages were degraded and dissolved in black liquor, with minor amount left in residual pretreated biomass. In addition, through quantitative (13)C and 2D-HSQC NMR spectral analysis, lignin and LCC were found to be more degraded after kraft pretreatment than soda-AQ pretreatment. Furthermore, the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis results showed that more cellulose in wheat straw was converted to glucose after kraft pretreatment, indicating that LCC linkages were important in the enzymatic hydrolysis process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yang
- School of Pulp & Paper Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, 430068 Wuhan, China; Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yimin Xie
- School of Pulp & Paper Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, 430068 Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- School of Pulp & Paper Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, 430068 Wuhan, China
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fang Huang
- Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Weibing Wu
- Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Lan Yao
- School of Pulp & Paper Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, 430068 Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Akinosho H, Rydzak T, Borole A, Ragauskas A, Close D. Toxicological challenges to microbial bioethanol production and strategies for improved tolerance. Ecotoxicology 2015; 24:2156-2174. [PMID: 26423392 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioethanol production output has increased steadily over the last two decades and is now beginning to become competitive with traditional liquid transportation fuels due to advances in engineering, the identification of new production host organisms, and the development of novel biodesign strategies. A significant portion of these efforts has been dedicated to mitigating the toxicological challenges encountered across the bioethanol production process. From the release of potentially cytotoxic or inhibitory compounds from input feedstocks, through the metabolic co-synthesis of ethanol and potentially detrimental byproducts, and to the potential cytotoxicity of ethanol itself, each stage of bioethanol production requires the application of genetic or engineering controls that ensure the host organisms remain healthy and productive to meet the necessary economies required for large scale production. In addition, as production levels continue to increase, there is an escalating focus on the detoxification of the resulting waste streams to minimize their environmental impact. This review will present the major toxicological challenges encountered throughout each stage of the bioethanol production process and the commonly employed strategies for reducing or eliminating potential toxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Akinosho
- Renewable BioProducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Thomas Rydzak
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS6342, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6342, USA
| | - Abhijeet Borole
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS6342, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6342, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Education, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Renewable BioProducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Dan Close
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, MS6342, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6342, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kienzler J, Bäbler S, Zakelis R, Remonda E, Ragauskas A, Fandino J. Validation of Noninvasive Absolute Intracranial Pressure Measurements in Traumatic Brain Injury and Intracranial Hemorrhage: Preliminary Results. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1564557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
21
|
Akinosho H, Yee K, Close D, Ragauskas A. The emergence of Clostridium thermocellum as a high utility candidate for consolidated bioprocessing applications. Front Chem 2014; 2:66. [PMID: 25207268 PMCID: PMC4143619 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2014.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
First isolated in 1926, Clostridium thermocellum has recently received increased attention as a high utility candidate for use in consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) applications. These applications, which seek to process lignocellulosic biomass directly into useful products such as ethanol, are gaining traction as economically feasible routes toward the production of fuel and other high value chemical compounds as the shortcomings of fossil fuels become evident. This review evaluates C. thermocellum's role in this transitory process by highlighting recent discoveries relating to its genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic responses to varying biomass sources, with a special emphasis placed on providing an overview of its unique, multivariate enzyme cellulosome complex and the role that this structure performs during biomass degradation. Both naturally evolved and genetically engineered strains are examined in light of their unique attributes and responses to various biomass treatment conditions, and the genetic tools that have been employed for their creation are presented. Several future routes for potential industrial usage are presented, and it is concluded that, although there have been many advances to significantly improve C. thermocellum's amenability to industrial use, several hurdles still remain to be overcome as this unique organism enjoys increased attention within the scientific community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Akinosho
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA, USA ; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BioEnergy Science Center Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kelsey Yee
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BioEnergy Science Center Oak Ridge, TN, USA ; Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Dan Close
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, BioEnergy Science Center Oak Ridge, TN, USA ; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mu W, Ben H, Newalkar G, Ragauskas A, Qiu D, Deng Y. Structure Analysis of Pine Bark-, Residue-, and Stem-Derived Light Oil and Its Hydrodeoxygenation Products. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie500541p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Demei Qiu
- Chemical
and Biological Engineering of School, Nantong Vocational College, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, P. R. China
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang F, Ben H, Pan S, Pu Y, Ragauskas A. The use of combination of zeolites to pursue integrated refined pyrolysis oil from kraft lignin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/2043-7129-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A mixture of Y and M type zeolites were applied to pyrolyze kraft softwood (SW) lignin with the objective of studying the combination effect of different types of zeolite on pyrolysis. The chemical structures of the subsequent pyrolysis oils were examined. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy including 13C, 31P of phosphitylated bio-oils, Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation (HSQC)-NMR, and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) were used to characterize the pyrolysis oils. The yields of pyrolysis products (light oil, heavy oil and char) from the zeolites combination ‘Y + M’ catalyzed pyrolysis ranged between the pyrolysis oil yields from zeolite Y or M catalyzed pyrolysis. 31P NMR analysis of the phosphitylated bio-oils revealed that the mixture of ‘Y + M’ during pyrolysis could decrease the carboxyl groups by 84%, which is close to the effect of the M zeolite. The yields of hydroxyl groups and other functional groups in the ‘Y + M’ generated bio-oil was between the individual Y and M generated oils. The molecular weight of the pyrolysis oil using a zeolite mixture of ‘Y + M’ was similar to the individual zeolite Y assisted pyrolysis. These results show that the zeolite mixture of ‘Y + M’ manifests additive characteristics for pyrolysis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
An extremely high barrier film for oxygen and water moisture permission was obtained by 100% sustainable cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) with simple heat treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Sharma
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and IPST at GT
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta, USA
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta, USA
| | - Sandeep S. Nair
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta, USA
| | - Junyong Zhu
- USDA Forest Service
- Forest Products Laboratory
- Madison, USA
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and IPST at GT
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Ziemer CJ, Kerr BJ, Weber TE, Arcidiacono S, Morrison M, Ragauskas A. Effects of feeding fiber-fermenting bacteria to pigs on nutrient digestion, fecal output, and plasma energy metabolites. J Anim Sci 2013; 90:4020-7. [PMID: 23148303 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion of feedstuffs with higher plant cell wall (fiber) content in swine diets has increased in recent years due to greater availability and lower cost, especially coproduct feeds, such as corn distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS). Limitations of feeding higher fiber diets include increased fecal output, which can exceed manure storage volumes, and decreased energy density, which can decrease growth performance; dietary treatments that ameliorate these limitations would benefit pork producers. Grower pigs (n = 48; 61.1 kg initial BW) were used to establish the effects of supplementation of fiber-fermenting bacteria in a 2 × 4 factorial, consisting of 2 diets (standard and high fiber) and 4 bacterial treatments (A, no bacteria; and B, C, and D bacterial supplements). Increased fiber came from inclusion of soybean hulls (10%) and corn DDGS (20%) in the diet. The 3 bacterial supplements (all Bacteroides strains) were isolated from fecal enrichment cultures and selected for their fiber-fermenting capacity. The high fiber diet increased fecal output, blood cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations, and digestibility of NDF, ADF, and S; CP digestibility decreased (P ≤ 0.10). The improved fiber digestibility and altered energy status of pigs fed the high fiber diet was primarily due to fermentation of soybean hulls, resulting in increased short-chain fatty acid production and absorption, and decreased dietary starch content. Overall, pigs fed the bacterial treatments had only increased blood cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.10). When individual bacterial treatments were compared, pigs fed Bacteria B had decreased fecal output (P ≤ 0.10) and both blood glucose and cholesterol concentrations were increased (P ≤ 0.10) compared with the other 3 treatments, indicating an improved energy status. Pigs fed Bacteria B increased both CP and ADF (P ≤ 0.10), and tended (P = 0.16) to have increased NDF digestibilities compared with pigs fed no bacteria (Treatment A), whereas pigs fed the other 2 bacterial treatments did not differ from pigs fed Bacteria B for nutrient digestibility. Both had similar fecal outputs to pigs fed no bacteria. This is the first report of reduction in fecal output and increased fiber digestibility with pigs fed live bacteria. Successful application of this bacterial treatment could result in improved pig performance and decreased manure volumes, both of which would improve profitability of producers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Ziemer
- USDA-ARS, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011-3310, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang W, Yi Z, Huang J, Li F, Hao B, Li M, Hong S, Lv Y, Sun W, Ragauskas A, Hu F, Peng J, Peng L. Three lignocellulose features that distinctively affect biomass enzymatic digestibility under NaOH and H2SO4 pretreatments in Miscanthus. Bioresour Technol 2013; 130:30-7. [PMID: 23298647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, total 80 typical Miscanthus accessions were examined with diverse lignocellulose features, including cellulose crystallinity (CrI), degree of polymerization (DP), and mole number (MN). Correlation analysis revealed that the crude cellulose CrI and MN, as well as crystalline cellulose DP, displayed significantly negative influence on biomass enzymatic digestibility under pretreatments with NaOH or H(2)SO(4) at three concentrations. By contrast, the comparative analysis of two Miscanthus samples with similar cellulose contents showed that crude cellulose DP and crystalline cellulose MN were positive factors on biomass saccharification, indicating cross effects among the cellulose levels and the three cellulose features. The results can provide insights into mechanism of the lignocellulose enzymatic digestion, and also suggest potential approaches for genetic engineering of bioenergy crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ragauskas A, Matijosaitis V, Zakelis R, Petrikonis K, Rastenyte D, Piper I, Daubaris G. Author response. Neurology 2013; 80:507. [PMID: 23476933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
|
29
|
Liebeskind DS, Marcinkevicius E, Pranevicius M, Pranevicius O, Ragauskas A, Matijosaitis V, Zakelis R, Petrikonis K, Rastenyte D, Piper I, Daubaris G, Miller MM, Chang T, Keating R, Sable C, Ragauskas A, Matijosaitis V, Zakelis R, Petrikonis K, Rastenyte D, Piper I, Daubaris G. Clinical Assessment of Noninvasive Intracranial Pressure Absolute Value Measurement Method. Neurology 2013; 80:507. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318281bfa4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of
Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of
Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hu F, Jung S, Ragauskas A. Pseudo-lignin formation and its impact on enzymatic hydrolysis. Bioresour Technol 2012; 117:7-12. [PMID: 22609707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pseudo-lignin, which can be broadly defined as aromatic material that yields a positive Klason lignin value and is not derived from native lignin, has been recently reported to form during the dilute acid pretreatment of poplar holocellulose. To investigate the chemistry of pseudo-lignin formation, GPC, FT-IR and 13C NMR were utilized to characterize pseudo-lignin extracted from dilute-acid pretreated α-cellulose and holocellulose. The results showed that pseudo-lignin consisting of carbonyl, carboxylic, aromatic and aliphatic structures was produced from dilute acid pretreated cellulose and hemicellulose. Pseudo-lignin extracted from holocellulose pretreated at different conditions had similar molecular weights (Mn∼1000 g/mol; Mw∼5000 g/mol) and structural features (carbonyl, carboxylic, aromatic and methoxy structures). These characterizations have provided the pseudo-lignin formation mechanisms during pretreatment. The presence and structure of pseudo-lignin is important since pseudo-lignin decreases the enzymatic conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Hu
- BioEnergy Science Center, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 500 10th Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li M, Foster C, Kelkar S, Pu Y, Holmes D, Ragauskas A, Saffron CM, Hodge DB. Structural characterization of alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreated grasses exhibiting diverse lignin phenotypes. Biotechnol Biofuels 2012; 5:38. [PMID: 22672858 PMCID: PMC3443053 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For cellulosic biofuels processes, suitable characterization of the lignin remaining within the cell wall and correlation of quantified properties of lignin to cell wall polysaccharide enzymatic deconstruction is underrepresented in the literature. This is particularly true for grasses which represent a number of promising bioenergy feedstocks where quantification of grass lignins is particularly problematic due to the high fraction of p-hydroxycinnamates. The main focus of this work is to use grasses with a diverse range of lignin properties, and applying multiple lignin characterization platforms, attempt to correlate the differences in these lignin properties to the susceptibility to alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic deconstruction. RESULTS We were able to determine that the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to to glucose (i.e. digestibility) of four grasses with relatively diverse lignin phenotypes could be correlated to total lignin content and the content of p-hydroxycinnamates, while S/G ratios did not appear to contribute to the enzymatic digestibility or delignification. The lignins of the brown midrib corn stovers tested were significantly more condensed than a typical commercial corn stover and a significant finding was that pretreatment with alkaline hydrogen peroxide increases the fraction of lignins involved in condensed linkages from 88-95% to ~99% for all the corn stovers tested, which is much more than has been reported in the literature for other pretreatments. This indicates significant scission of β-O-4 bonds by pretreatment and/or induction of lignin condensation reactions. The S/G ratios in grasses determined by analytical pyrolysis are significantly lower than values obtained using either thioacidolysis or 2DHSQC NMR due to presumed interference by ferulates. CONCLUSIONS It was found that grass cell wall polysaccharide hydrolysis by cellulolytic enzymes for grasses exhibiting a diversity of lignin structures and compositions could be linked to quantifiable changes in the composition of the cell wall and properties of the lignin including apparent content of the p-hydroxycinnamates while the limitations of S/G estimation in grasses is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muyang Li
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Cliff Foster
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Shantanu Kelkar
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- DOE BioEnergy Science Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel Holmes
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- DOE BioEnergy Science Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, USA
- Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher M Saffron
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| | - David B Hodge
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ragauskas A, Matijosaitis V, Zakelis R, Petrikonis K, Rastenyte D, Piper I, Daubaris G. Clinical assessment of noninvasive intracranial pressure absolute value measurement method. Neurology 2012; 78:1684-91. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182574f50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
34
|
Donald R, Howells T, Piper I, Chambers I, Citerio G, Enblad P, Gregson B, Kiening K, Mattern J, Nilsson P, Ragauskas A, Sahuquillo J, Sinnott R, Stell A. Early warning of EUSIG-defined hypotensive events using a Bayesian Artificial Neural Network. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2012. [PMID: 22327662 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0956-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypotension is recognized as a potentially damaging secondary insult after traumatic brain injury. Systems to give clinical teams some early warning of likely hypotensive instability could be added to the range of existing techniques used in the management of this group of patients. By using the Edinburgh University Secondary Insult Grades (EUSIG) definitions for -hypotension (systolic arterial pressure <90 mmHg OR mean arterial -pressure <70 mmHg) we collected a group of ∼2,000 events by analyzing the Brain-IT database. We then constructed a Bayesian Artificial Neural Network (an advanced statistical modeling technique) that is able to provide some early warning when trained on this previously collected demographic and physiological data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using EUSIG defined event data from the Brain-IT database, we identified a Bayesian artificial neural network (BANN) topology and constructed a series of datasets using a group of clinically guided input variables. This allowed us to train a BANN, which was then tested on an unseen set of patients from the Brain-IT database. The initial tests used a particularly harsh assessment criterion whereby a true positive prediction was only allowed if the BANN predicted an upcoming event to the exact minute. We have now developed the system to the point where it is about to be used in a two-stage Phase II clinical trial and we are also researching a more realistic assessment technique. KEY RESULTS We have constructed a BANN that is able to provide early warning to the clinicians based on a model that uses information from the physiological inputs; systolic and mean arterial pressure and heart rate; and demographic variables age and gender. We use 15-min SubWindows starting at 15 and 30 min before an event and process mean, slope and standard deviations. Based on 10 simulation runs, our current sensitivity is 36.25% (SE 1.31) with a specificity of 90.82% (SE 0.85). Initial results from a Phase I clinical study shows a model sensitivity of 40.95% (SE 6%) and specificity of 86.46% (SE 3%) Although this figure is low it is considered clinically useful for this dangerous condition, provided the false positive rate can be kept sufficiently low as to be practical in an intensive care environment. CONCLUSION We have shown that using advanced statistical modeling techniques can provide clinical teams with useful information that will assist clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rob Donald
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Donald R, Howells T, Piper I, Chambers I, Citerio G, Enblad P, Gregson B, Kiening K, Mattern J, Nilsson P, Ragauskas A, Sahuquillo J, Sinnott R, Stell A. Early warning of EUSIG-defined hypotensive events using a Bayesian Artificial Neural Network. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2012; 114:39-44. [PMID: 22327662 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0956-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypotension is recognized as a potentially damaging secondary insult after traumatic brain injury. Systems to give clinical teams some early warning of likely hypotensive instability could be added to the range of existing techniques used in the management of this group of patients. By using the Edinburgh University Secondary Insult Grades (EUSIG) definitions for -hypotension (systolic arterial pressure <90 mmHg OR mean arterial -pressure <70 mmHg) we collected a group of ∼2,000 events by analyzing the Brain-IT database. We then constructed a Bayesian Artificial Neural Network (an advanced statistical modeling technique) that is able to provide some early warning when trained on this previously collected demographic and physiological data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using EUSIG defined event data from the Brain-IT database, we identified a Bayesian artificial neural network (BANN) topology and constructed a series of datasets using a group of clinically guided input variables. This allowed us to train a BANN, which was then tested on an unseen set of patients from the Brain-IT database. The initial tests used a particularly harsh assessment criterion whereby a true positive prediction was only allowed if the BANN predicted an upcoming event to the exact minute. We have now developed the system to the point where it is about to be used in a two-stage Phase II clinical trial and we are also researching a more realistic assessment technique. KEY RESULTS We have constructed a BANN that is able to provide early warning to the clinicians based on a model that uses information from the physiological inputs; systolic and mean arterial pressure and heart rate; and demographic variables age and gender. We use 15-min SubWindows starting at 15 and 30 min before an event and process mean, slope and standard deviations. Based on 10 simulation runs, our current sensitivity is 36.25% (SE 1.31) with a specificity of 90.82% (SE 0.85). Initial results from a Phase I clinical study shows a model sensitivity of 40.95% (SE 6%) and specificity of 86.46% (SE 3%) Although this figure is low it is considered clinically useful for this dangerous condition, provided the false positive rate can be kept sufficiently low as to be practical in an intensive care environment. CONCLUSION We have shown that using advanced statistical modeling techniques can provide clinical teams with useful information that will assist clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rob Donald
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
A commercially available deuterated kale sample was analyzed for deuterium incorporation by ionic liquid solution (2)H and (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This protocol was found to effectively measure the percent deuterium incorporation at 33%, comparable to the 31% value determined by combustion. The solution NMR technique also suggested by a qualitative analysis that deuterium is preferentially incorporated into the carbohydrate components of the kale sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus B Foston
- Institute of Paper Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Donald R, Howells T, Piper I, Chambers I, Citerio G, Enblad P, Gregson B, Kiening K, Mattern J, Nilsson P, Ragauskas A, Sahuquillo J, Sinnott R, Stell A. Trigger characteristics of EUSIG-defined hypotensive events. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2012; 114:45-49. [PMID: 22327663 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0956-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypotension is a recognized -secondary insult after traumatic brain injury (TBI). There are many definitions of hypotension, an often cited example being the Brain Trauma Foundation's current (2007) "Guidelines for the Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury," which defines hypotension as systolic pressure <90 mmHg. However, this same document declares "The importance of mean arterial pressure, as opposed to systolic pressure should also be stressed, …." Our work shows that when using the Edinburgh University Secondary Insult Grades (EUSIG) definitions, which require monitoring of both systolic and mean arterial pressures, that most hypotensive events are in fact triggered by a breach of the mean arterial level of 70 mmHg. We suggest that close monitoring of mean arterial pressure would enable clinical teams to avoid more potentially damaging hypotensive events. MATERIALS AND METHODS An analysis of 100 patients from the Brain-IT database was performed. Using the EUSIG definitions, 2,081 events can be obtained by analyzing the systolic and mean blood pressures on a minute by minute basis. A software program was written to identify and classify the trigger pattern for each event. A categorical analysis of these triggering patterns has been carried out. KEY RESULTS Our analysis shows that most events are triggered by a drop in mean arterial pressure. In fact a large number of events (91%) occur where the mean arterial pressure is below the threshold limits whereas the systolic pressure does not cross the 90 mmHg limit at all. CONCLUSION We suggest that more emphasis should be placed on closely monitoring mean arterial pressure as well as systolic pressure when trying to guard against hypotensive problems in traumatically brain injured patients. In future work we will study the underlying physiological mechanisms and attempt to further classify concomitant conditions that may be contributing to the onset of a hypotensive event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rob Donald
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Petridis L, Pingali SV, Urban V, Heller WT, O'Neill HM, Foston M, Ragauskas A, Smith JC. Self-similar multiscale structure of lignin revealed by neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2011; 83:061911. [PMID: 21797407 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.061911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, a major polymeric component of plant cell walls, forms aggregates in vivo and poses a barrier to cellulosic ethanol production. Here, neutron scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that lignin aggregates are characterized by a surface fractal dimension that is invariant under change of scale from ~1-1000 Å. The simulations also reveal extensive water penetration of the aggregates and heterogeneous chain dynamics corresponding to a rigid core with a fluid surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loukas Petridis
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shi J, Pu Y, Yang B, Ragauskas A, Wyman CE. Comparison of microwaves to fluidized sand baths for heating tubular reactors for hydrothermal and dilute acid batch pretreatment of corn stover. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:5952-61. [PMID: 21463933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Heating of batch tubular reactors with fluidized sand baths and with microwaves resulted in distinctive sugar yield profiles from pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover at the same time, temperature, and dilute sulfuric acid concentration combinations and hydrothermal pretreatment conditions. Microwave heated pretreatment led to faster xylan, lignin, and acetyl removal as well as earlier xylan degradation than sand baths, but maximum sugar recoveries were similar. Solid state CP/MAS NMR revealed that microwave heating was more effective in altering cellulose structural features especially in breakdown of amorphous regions of corn stover than sand bath heating. Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated corn stover was improved by microwave heating compared to sand bath heating. Mechanisms were proposed to explain the differences in results for the two systems and provide new insights into pretreatment that can help advance this technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- University of California, Center for Environmental Research and Technology, Bourns College of Engineering, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, CA 92507, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fu C, Mielenz JR, Xiao X, Ge Y, Hamilton CY, Rodriguez M, Chen F, Foston M, Ragauskas A, Bouton J, Dixon RA, Wang ZY. Genetic manipulation of lignin reduces recalcitrance and improves ethanol production from switchgrass. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:3803-8. [PMID: 21321194 PMCID: PMC3048149 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1100310108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Switchgrass is a leading dedicated bioenergy feedstock in the United States because it is a native, high-yielding, perennial prairie grass with a broad cultivation range and low agronomic input requirements. Biomass conversion research has developed processes for production of ethanol and other biofuels, but they remain costly primarily because of the intrinsic recalcitrance of biomass. We show here that genetic modification of switchgrass can produce phenotypically normal plants that have reduced thermal-chemical (≤180 °C), enzymatic, and microbial recalcitrance. Down-regulation of the switchgrass caffeic acid O-methyltransferase gene decreases lignin content modestly, reduces the syringyl:guaiacyl lignin monomer ratio, improves forage quality, and, most importantly, increases the ethanol yield by up to 38% using conventional biomass fermentation processes. The down-regulated lines require less severe pretreatment and 300-400% lower cellulase dosages for equivalent product yields using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with yeast. Furthermore, fermentation of diluted acid-pretreated transgenic switchgrass using Clostridium thermocellum with no added enzymes showed better product yields than obtained with unmodified switchgrass. Therefore, this apparent reduction in the recalcitrance of transgenic switchgrass has the potential to lower processing costs for biomass fermentation-derived fuels and chemicals significantly. Alternatively, such modified transgenic switchgrass lines should yield significantly more fermentation chemicals per hectare under identical process conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan R. Mielenz
- Biosciences Division and
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831; and
| | - Xirong Xiao
- Forage Improvement Division and
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831; and
| | | | - Choo Y. Hamilton
- Biosciences Division and
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831; and
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- Biosciences Division and
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831; and
| | - Fang Chen
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831; and
| | - Marcus Foston
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831; and
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831; and
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | | | - Richard A. Dixon
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK 73401
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831; and
| | - Zeng-Yu Wang
- Forage Improvement Division and
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831; and
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pingali SV, Urban VS, Heller WT, McGaughey J, O'Neill H, Foston M, Myles DA, Ragauskas A, Evans BR. Breakdown of cell wall nanostructure in dilute acid pretreated biomass. Biomacromolecules 2011; 11:2329-35. [PMID: 20726544 DOI: 10.1021/bm100455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The generation of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass holds great promise for renewable and clean energy production. A better understanding of the complex mechanisms of lignocellulose breakdown during various pretreatment methods is needed to realize this potential in a cost and energy efficient way. Here we use small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to characterize morphological changes in switchgrass lignocellulose across molecular to submicrometer length scales resulting from the industrially relevant dilute acid pretreatment method. Our results demonstrate that dilute acid pretreatment increases the cross-sectional radius of the crystalline cellulose fibril. This change is accompanied by removal of hemicellulose and the formation of R(g) ∼ 135 A lignin aggregates. The structural signature of smooth cell wall surfaces is observed at length scales larger than 1000 A, and it remains remarkably invariable during pretreatment. This study elucidates the interplay of the different biomolecular components in the breakdown process of switchgrass by dilute acid pretreatment. The results are important for the development of efficient strategies of biomass to biofuel conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sai Venkatesh Pingali
- Center for Structural Molecular Biology and Molecular Bioscience and Biotechnology Group, Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
El Hage R, Brosse N, Sannigrahi P, Ragauskas A. Effects of process severity on the chemical structure of Miscanthus ethanol organosolv lignin. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
44
|
Brosse N, Sannigrahi P, Ragauskas A. Pretreatment of Miscanthus x giganteus Using the Ethanol Organosolv Process for Ethanol Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie9006672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Brosse
- Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Materiau Bois, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Nancy-Université, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, F-54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France, and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Poulomi Sannigrahi
- Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Materiau Bois, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Nancy-Université, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, F-54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France, and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche sur le Materiau Bois, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Nancy-Université, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, F-54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France, and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Neumann JO, Chambers IR, Citerio G, Enblad P, Gregson BA, Howells T, Mattern J, Nilsson P, Piper I, Ragauskas A, Sahuquillo J, Yau YH, Kiening K. The use of hyperventilation therapy after traumatic brain injury in Europe: an analysis of the BrainIT database. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34:1676-82. [PMID: 18449528 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-008-1123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the use of hyperventilation and the adherence to Brain Trauma Foundation-Guidelines (BTF-G) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). SETTING Twenty-two European centers are participating in the BrainIT initiative. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of monitoring data. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS One hundred and fifty-one patients with a known time of trauma and at least one recorded arterial blood-gas (ABG) analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS A total number of 7,703 ABGs, representing 2,269 ventilation episodes (VE) were included in the analysis. Related minute-by-minute ICP data were taken from a 30 min time window around each ABG collection. Data are given as mean with standard deviation. (1) Patients without elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) (< 20 mmHg) manifested a statistically significant higher P(a)CO(2) (36 +/- 5.7 mmHg) in comparison to patients with elevated ICP (> or = 20 mmHg; P(a)CO(2): 34 +/- 5.4 mmHg, P < 0.001). (2) Intensified forced hyperventilation (P(a)CO(2) < or = 25 mmHg) in the absence of elevated ICP was found in only 49 VE (2%). (3) Early prophylactic hyperventilation (< 24 h after TBI; P(a)CO(2) < or = 35 mmHg, ICP < 20 mmHg) was used in 1,224 VE (54%). (4) During forced hyperventilation (P(a)CO(2) < or = 30 mmHg), simultaneous monitoring of brain tissue pO(2) or S(jv)O(2) was used in only 204 VE (9%). CONCLUSION While overall adherence to current BTF-G seems to be the rule, its recommendations on early prophylactic hyperventilation as well as the use of additional cerebral oxygenation monitoring during forced hyperventilation are not followed in this sample of European TBI centers. DESCRIPTOR Neurotrauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-O Neumann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ragauskas A, Daubaris G, Petkus V, Sliteris R, Raisutis R, Piper I, Rocka S, Jarzemskas E, Matijosaitis V. Clinical study of craniospinal compliance non-invasive monitoring method. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2008; 102:165-169. [PMID: 19388310 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-85578-2_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to quantify non-invasively the effect of posture on intracranial physiology by using cine phase-contrast MRI may lead to the development of new diagnostic tests to evaluate such functions as regulation of CBF and ICP, and the effect of pathologies on these functions. METHODS Results similar to MRI technology can be obtained using non-invasive ultrasonic method (Vittamed) for intracranial blood volume pulse wave (IBVPW) measurement and intracraniospinal compliance (ICC) monitoring. FINDINGS IBVPW have been investigated in supine and upright positions of healthy volunteers using Vittamed technology. A group of 13 healthy volunteers (nine females, four males, mean age 25.1 +/- 3.4) was studied. More than 3,000 IBVPW were analysed in order to show the difference of shape and amplitude in supine and upright positions. Averaged shape of ten IBVPW waves was presented in the normalized window with dimensions 1.0 x 1.0. CONCLUSIONS The results show significant difference between averaged IBVPW shapes in upright (highest intracraniospinal compliance) and supine (lower intracraniospinal compliance) body positions. Body posture caused IBVPW subwave P2 and P3 changes deltaP2 = 18% and deltaP3 = 11%. Amplitude of IBVPW in upright body position was significantly higher than in the supine one. The value of IBVPW amplitude's ratio in supine and upright positions was 1.55 +/- 0.61.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ragauskas
- Telematics Scientific Laboratory, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 50-451a, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Grassian VH, Meyer G, Abruña H, Coates GW, Achenie LE, Allison T, Brunschwig B, Ferry J, Garcia-Garibay M, Gardea-Torresdey J, Grey CP, Hutchison J, Li CJ, Liotta C, Ragauskas A, Minteer S, Mueller K, Roberts J, Sadik O, Schmehl R, Schneider W, Selloni A, Stair P, Stewart J, Thorn D, Tyson J, Voelker B, White JM, Wood-Black F. Chemistry for a sustainable future. Environ Sci Technol 2007; 41:4840-6. [PMID: 17711191 DOI: 10.1021/es0725798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vick H Grassian
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
A novel, green chemistry, glycosylation strategy was developed based upon the use of ionic liquids. Research studies demonstrated that thiomethyl glycosides could readily be activated with methyl trifluoromethane sulfonate, using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as a solvent. This green chemistry glycosylation strategy provided disaccharides with typical yields averaging 75%. The ionic liquid solvent could be readily reused for five sequential glycosylation reactions with no impact on product yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Gerogia, 30332, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Gerogia, 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chambers IR, Barnes J, Piper I, Citerio G, Enblad P, Howells T, Kiening K, Matterns J, Nilsson P, Ragauskas A, Sahuquillo J, Yau YH. BrainIT: a trans-national head injury monitoring research network. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2006; 96:7-10. [PMID: 16671413 DOI: 10.1007/3-211-30714-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of therapeutic interventions and management strategies on head injured patients are difficult to undertake. BrainIT provides validated data for analysis available to centers that contribute data to allow post-hoc analysis and hypothesis testing. METHODS Both physiological and intensive care management data are collected. Patient identification is eliminated prior to transfer of data to a central database in Glasgow. Requests for missing/ ambiguous data are sent back to the local center. Country coordinating centers provide advice, training, and assistance to centers and manage the data validation process. RESULTS Currently 30 centers participate in the group. Data collection started in January 2004 and 242 patients have been recruited. Data validation tools were developed to ensure data accuracy and all analysis must be undertaken on validated data. CONCLUSION BrainIT is an open, collaborative network that has been established with primary objectives of i) creating a core data set of information, ii) standardizing the collection methodology, iii) providing data collection tools, iv) creating and populating a data base for future analysis, and v) establishing data validation methodologies. Improved standards for multi-center data collection should permit the more accurate analysis of monitoring and management studies in head injured patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I R Chambers
- Critical Care Physics, Regional Medical Physics Department, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nilsson P, Enblad P, Chambers I, Citerio G, Fiddes H, Howells T, Kiening K, Ragauskas A, Sahuquillo J, Yau YH, Contant C, Piper I. Survey of traumatic brain injury management in European Brain-IT centres year 2001. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2006; 95:51-3. [PMID: 16463819 DOI: 10.1007/3-211-32318-x_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to obtain basic knowledge about the current local conditions and neurointensive care of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the new multi-centre collaborative BrainIT group. MATERIALS AND METHODS The survey comprised a background part on local policies (Part A), and a case study section (Part B). The information was gathered by questionnaire followed by telephone interviews. Twenty-three BrainIT centres participated in the survey and answers from two respondents were available from 18 of the sites. RESULTS The average proportion of agreement between duplicate respondents was 0.778 (range 0.415-1.00). All BrainIT centres monitored ICP. The treatment protocols seem to have a pattern concerning escalation of treatment of intracranial hypertension: 1/ evacuation of mass lesions and head elevation; 2/ increased sedation and mannitol; 3/ hyperventilation; 4/ ventricular drainage; 5/ craniectomy and barbituates. CONCLUSIONS There seemed to be an agreement on neurointensive care policies within the BrainIT group. The suggested order of treatment was generally in accordance with published guidelines although the suggested order and combinations of different treatments varied. Variation of treatment within the range of prescribed standards provides optimal conditions for an interesting future analysis of treatment and monitoring data in reality using the BrainIT database.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Nilsson
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|