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Kao CT, Yang FW, Wu MC, Hung TH, Hu CW, Chen CH, Liou PC, Mai TL, Chang CC, Lin TY, Chen YL, Lin YCJ, Su JC. Systematic synthesis and identification of monolignol pathway metabolites. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39267260 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Monolignol serves as the building blocks to constitute lignin, the second abundant polymer on Earth. Despite two decades of diligent efforts, complete identification of all metabolites in the currently proposed monolignol biosynthesis pathway has proven elusive. This limitation also hampers their potential application. One of the primary obstacles is the challenge of assembling a collection of all molecules, because many are commercially unavailable or prohibitively costly. In this study, we established systematic pipelines to synthesize all 24 molecules through the conversions between functional groups on a core structure followed by the application to other core structures. We successfully identified all of them in Populus trichocarpa and Eucalyptus grandis, two representative species respectively from malpighiales and myrtales in angiosperms. Knowledge about monolignol metabolite chemosynthesis and identification will form the foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ting Kao
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Wei Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chen Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Huan Hung
- Crop Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, 41362, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Hu
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Hua Chen
- Crop Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, 41362, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chien Liou
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Te-Lun Mai
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chih Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lan Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
- University Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701401, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chung Jimmy Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chen Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112304, Taiwan
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2
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Mohan M, Simmons BA, Sale KL, Singh S. Multiscale molecular simulations for the solvation of lignin in ionic liquids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:271. [PMID: 36609448 PMCID: PMC9822913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin, the second most abundant biopolymer found in nature, has emerged as a potential source of sustainable fuels, chemicals, and materials. Finding suitable solvents, as well as technologies for efficient and affordable lignin dissolution and depolymerization, are major obstacles in the conversion of lignin to value-added products. Certain ionic liquids (ILs) are capable of dissolving and depolymerizing lignin but designing and developing an effective IL for lignin dissolution remains quite challenging. To address this issue, the COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) model was used to screen 5670 ILs by computing logarithmic activity coefficients (ln(γ)) and excess enthalpies (HE) of lignin, respectively. Based on the COSMO-RS computed thermodynamic properties (ln(γ) and HE) of lignin, anions such as acetate, methyl carbonate, octanoate, glycinate, alaninate, and lysinate in combination with cations like tetraalkylammonium, tetraalkylphosphonium, and pyridinium are predicted to be suitable solvents for lignin dissolution. The dissolution properties such as interaction energy between anion and cation, viscosity, Hansen solubility parameters, dissociation constants, and Kamlet-Taft parameters of selected ILs were evaluated to assess their propensity for lignin dissolution. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to understand the structural and dynamic properties of tetrabutylammonium [TBA]+-based ILs and lignin mixtures and to shed light on the mechanisms involved in lignin dissolution. MD simulation results suggested [TBA]+-based ILs have the potential to dissolve lignin because of their higher contact probability and interaction energies with lignin when compared to cholinium lysinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mood Mohan
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.474523.30000000403888279Bioresource and Environmental Security Department, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Kenneth L. Sale
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.474523.30000000403888279Department of Computational Biology and Biophysics, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
| | - Seema Singh
- grid.451372.60000 0004 0407 8980Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA ,grid.474523.30000000403888279Bioresource and Environmental Security Department, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
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3
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Xie JX, Cao JP, Jiang W, Zhao YP, Zhao XY, Zhang C, Cong HL, Bai HC. Nickel Loaded on Porous Activated Carbons Derived from Waste Sugar Residue with Superior Catalytic Hydrogenolysis Performance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xuan Xie
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing-Pei Cao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou221116, Jiangsu, China
- College of Materials Engineering, Xuzhou College of Industrial Technology, Xuzhou221140, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Peng Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Fine Utilization of Carbon Resources, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hou-Luo Cong
- College of Materials Engineering, Xuzhou College of Industrial Technology, Xuzhou221140, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Cun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficient Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan750021, Ningxia, China
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4
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Discovery of lignin-transforming bacteria and enzymes in thermophilic environments using stable isotope probing. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:1944-1956. [PMID: 35501417 PMCID: PMC9296663 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing microorganisms and enzymes involved in lignin biodegradation in thermal ecosystems can identify thermostable biocatalysts. We integrated stable isotope probing (SIP), genome-resolved metagenomics, and enzyme characterization to investigate the degradation of high-molecular weight, 13C-ring-labeled synthetic lignin by microbial communities from moderately thermophilic hot spring sediment (52 °C) and a woody "hog fuel" pile (53 and 62 °C zones). 13C-Lignin degradation was monitored using IR-GCMS of 13CO2, and isotopic enrichment of DNA was measured with UHLPC-MS/MS. Assembly of 42 metagenomic libraries (72 Gb) yielded 344 contig bins, from which 125 draft genomes were produced. Fourteen genomes were significantly enriched with 13C from lignin, including genomes of Actinomycetes (Thermoleophilaceae, Solirubrobacteraceae, Rubrobacter sp.), Firmicutes (Kyrpidia sp., Alicyclobacillus sp.) and Gammaproteobacteria (Steroidobacteraceae). We employed multiple approaches to screen genomes for genes encoding putative ligninases and pathways for aromatic compound degradation. Our analysis identified several novel laccase-like multi-copper oxidase (LMCO) genes in 13C-enriched genomes. One of these LMCOs was heterologously expressed and shown to oxidize lignin model compounds and minimally transformed lignin. This study elucidated bacterial lignin depolymerization and mineralization in thermal ecosystems, establishing new possibilities for the efficient valorization of lignin at elevated temperature.
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Lood K, Tikk T, Krüger M, Schmidt B. Methylene Capping Facilitates Cross-Metathesis Reactions of Enals: A Short Synthesis of 7-Methoxywutaifuranal from the Xylochemical Isoeugenol. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3079-3088. [PMID: 35037461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Four combinations of type-I olefins isoeugenol and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene with type-II olefins acrolein and crotonaldehyde were investigated in cross-metathesis (CM) reactions. While both type-I olefins are suitable CM partners for this transformation, we observed synthetically useful conversions only with type-II olefin crotonaldehyde. For economic reasons, isoeugenol, a cheap xylochemical available from renewable lignocellulose or from clove oil, is the preferred type-I CM partner. Nearly quantitative conversions to coniferyl aldehyde by the CM reaction of isoeugenol and crotonaldehyde can be obtained at ambient temperature without a solvent or at high substrate concentrations of 2 mol·L-1 with the second-generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst. Under these conditions, the ratio of reactants can be reduced to 1:1.5 and catalyst loadings as low as 0.25 mol % are possible. The high reactivity of the isoeugenol/crotonaldehyde combination in olefin metathesis reactions was demonstrated by a short synthesis of the natural product 7-methoxywutaifuranal, which was obtained from isoeugenol in a 44% yield over five steps. We suggest that the superior performance of crotonaldehyde in the CM reactions investigated can be rationalized by "methylene capping", i.e., the steric stabilization of the propagating Ru-alkylidene species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa Lood
- Institut fuer Chemie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Triin Tikk
- Institut fuer Chemie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mandy Krüger
- Institut fuer Chemie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmidt
- Institut fuer Chemie, Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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6
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Hirano Y, Izawa A, Hosoya T, Miyafuji H. Degradation mechanism of a lignin model compound during alkaline aerobic oxidation: formation of the vanillin precursor from the β-O-4 middle unit of softwood lignin. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have proposed plausible reaction pathways involved in the chemical conversion of softwood lignin to vanillin through alkaline aerobic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Akari Izawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Takashi Hosoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Hisashi Miyafuji
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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7
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Dong Q, Tian Z, Song W, Deng W, Zhang H. Catalytic oxidation of lignin and model compounds over nano europium oxide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Understanding the dissolution of softwood lignin in ionic liquid and water mixed solvents. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:402-412. [PMID: 33838189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is the most abundant heterogeneous aromatic polymer on earth to produce a large number of value-added chemicals. Besides, the separation of lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass is essential for cellulosic biofuel production. For the first time, we report a cosolvent-based approach to understand the dissolution of lignin with 61 guaiacyl subunits at the molecular level. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of the lignin were performed in 0%, 20%, 50%, 80%, and 100% 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate (EmimOAc) systems. The lignin structure was significantly destabilized in both 50%, and 80% EmimOAc cosolvents, and pure EmimOAc systems leading to the breakdown of intrachain hydrogen bonds. Lignin-OAc and lignin-water hydrogen bonds were formed with increasing EmimOAc concentration, signifying the dissolution process. The OAc anions mostly solvated the alkyl chains and hydroxy groups of lignin. Besides, the imidazolium head of Emim cations contributed to solvation of methoxy groups and hydroxy groups, whereas ethyl tail interacted with the benzene ring of guaiacyl subunits. Effective dissolution was obtained in both the 50% and 80% EmimOAc cosolvent systems. Overall, our study presents a molecular view of the lignin dissolution focusing on the role of both cation and anion, which will help to design efficient cosolvent-based methods for lignin dissolution.
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Dias RM, Netto GC, Petrin LC, Pelaquim FP, Sosa FH, Costa MCD. Aqueous two-phase system formed by alkanolammonium-based Protic Ionic Liquids and acetone: Experimental data, thermodynamic modeling, and Kraft lignin partition. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Wang J, Qian Y, Li L, Qiu X. Atomic Force Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Study of Lignin Solution Self-Assembly Mechanisms in Organic-Aqueous Solvent Mixtures. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4420-4427. [PMID: 31951671 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lignin-based nanomaterials fabricated by solution self-assembly in organic-aqueous solvent mixtures are among the most attractive biomass-derived products. To accurately control the structure, size, and properties of lignin-based nanomaterials, it is important to achieve fundamental understanding of its dissolution and aggregation mechanisms. In this work, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to explore the dissolution and aggregation behavior of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) in different organic-aqueous solvent mixtures at molecular scale. EHL was found to dissolve well in appropriate organic-aqueous solvent mixtures, such as acetone-water mixture with a volume ratio of 7:3, whereas it aggregated in pure water, ethanol, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran. The interactions between the EHL-coated AFM probe and the substrate were 1.21±0.18 and 0.75±0.35 mN m-1 in water and acetone, respectively. In comparison, the interaction decreased to 0.15±0.08 mN m-1 in acetone-water mixture (7:3 v/v). MD simulations further indicate that the hydrophobic skeleton and hydrophilic groups of lignin could be solvated by acetone and water molecules, respectively, which significantly promoted its dissolution. Conversely, only the hydrophobic skeleton or the hydrophilic groups were solvated in organic solvent or water, respectively, inducing serious aggregation of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| | - Yong Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| | - Libo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P.R. China
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Ghavidel N, Fatehi P. Pickering/Non-Pickering Emulsions of Nanostructured Sulfonated Lignin Derivatives. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4567-4578. [PMID: 32419354 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfoethylated lignin (SEKL) polymeric surfactant and sulfoethylated lignin nanoparticles (N-SEKL) with a size of 750±50 nm are produced by using a facile green process involving a solvent-free reaction and acidification-based fractionation. SEKL forms a liquid-like conventional emulsion with low viscosity that has temporary stability (5 h) at pH 7. However, N-SEKL forms a gel-like, motionless, and ultra-stable Pickering emulsion through a network of interactions between N-SEKL particles, which creates steric hindrance among the oil droplets at pH 3. The deposition of SEKL and N-SEKL on the oil surface is monitored by a using a quartz crystal microbalance. Experimentally, the formation of emulsions at pH 7 is found to be reversible owing to the low adsorption energy ΔE of SEKL on the oil droplet (ΔE≈15 kB T), which is determined with the help of three-phase contact-angle measurements. However, the high desorption energy (ΔE≈6.0×105 kB T) of N-SEKL makes it irreversibly adsorb on the oil droplets. SEKL is too hydrophilic to attach to the oil interface (ΔE≈0) and thus does not facilitate emulsion formation at pH 11. Therefore, it is feasible to apply SEKL for the formulation of Pickering or non-Pickering emulsions in the form of nanoparticles or polymeric surfactants, depending on the targeted application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ghavidel
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shangdong, 250353, P.R. China
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12
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Highly active Mo-V-based bifunctional catalysts for catalytic conversion of lignin dimer model compounds at room temperature. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.107910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Wu MY, Lin JT, Xu ZQ, Hua TC, Lv YC, Liu YF, Pei RH, Wu Q, Liu MH. Selective catalytic degradation of a lignin model compound into phenol over transition metal sulfates. RSC Adv 2020; 10:3013-3019. [PMID: 35496085 PMCID: PMC9048635 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09706f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal salts were employed as the catalysts to improve the selective degradation of the α-O-4 lignin model compound (benzyl phenyl ether (BPE)) in the solvothermal system. The results concluded that most of the transition metal salts could enhance BPE degradation. Among which, NiSO4·6H2O exhibited the highest performance on BPE degradation (90.8%) for 5 h and phenol selectivity (53%) for 4 h at 200 °C. In addition, the GC-MS analysis indicated that the intermediates during BPE degradation included a series of aromatic compounds, such as phenol, benzyl methyl ether and benzyl alcohol. Furthermore, the mechanisms for BPE degradation and phenol selectivity in the NiSO4·6H2O system involved the synergetic effects between the acid catalysis and coordination catalysis, which caused the effective and selective cleavage of the C–O bonds. An efficient method for degradation of benzyl phenyl ether using NiSO4·6H2O as catalyst.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ya Wu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Jian-Tao Lin
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Zhuang-Qin Xu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Tian-Ci Hua
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Yuan-Cai Lv
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Rui-Han Pei
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Ming-Hua Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University No. 2 Xueyuan Road, Shangjie Town, Minhou County Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
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Flourat AL, Peru AAM, Haudrechy A, Renault JH, Allais F. First Total Synthesis of (β-5)-(β- O-4) Dihydroxytrimer and Dihydrotrimer of Coniferyl Alcohol (G): Advanced Lignin Model Compounds. Front Chem 2019; 7:842. [PMID: 31921767 PMCID: PMC6913187 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate lignin degradation, scientists commonly use model compounds. Unfortunately, these models are most of the time simple β-O-4 dimers and do not sufficiently mimic the wide complexity of lignin structure (i.e., aliphatic side chains and robust C-C bonds). Herein, we present a methodology to access advanced lignin models through the first synthesis of two trimers of monolignol G—possessing side-chains and both robust β-5 bond and labile β-O-4 bond—via a chemo-enzymatic pathway. Key steps were (1) the C-C coupling via laccase-mediated oxidation, (2) the C-O coupling via a simple SN2 between a phenolate and a bromoketoester, and (3) a modified Upjohn dihydroxylation or a palladium-catalyzed hydrogenation. (β-5)-(β-O-4) dihydroxytrimer and dihydrotrimer of coniferyl alcohol (G) were obtained in good global yield, 9 and 20%, respectively, over nine steps starting from ferulic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine L Flourat
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France.,Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
| | - Aurélien A M Peru
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France
| | - Arnaud Haudrechy
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
| | - Jean-Hugues Renault
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR 7312, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Reims, France
| | - Florent Allais
- URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, Pomacle, France
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15
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Oregui-Bengoechea M, Agirre I, Iriondo A, Lopez-Urionabarrenechea A, Requies JM, Agirrezabal-Telleria I, Bizkarra K, Barrio VL, Cambra JF. Heterogeneous Catalyzed Thermochemical Conversion of Lignin Model Compounds: An Overview. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 377:36. [PMID: 31728773 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thermochemical lignin conversion processes can be described as complex reaction networks involving not only de-polymerization and re-polymerization reactions, but also chemical transformations of the depolymerized mono-, di-, and oligomeric compounds. They typically result in a product mixture consisting of a gaseous, liquid (i.e., mono-, di-, and oligomeric products), and solid phase. Consequently, researchers have developed a common strategy to simplify this issue by replacing lignin with simpler, but still representative, lignin model compounds. This strategy is typically applied to the elucidation of reaction mechanisms and the exploration of novel lignin conversion approaches. In this review, we present a general overview of the latest advances in the principal thermochemical processes applied for the conversion of lignin model compounds using heterogeneous catalysts. This review focuses on the most representative lignin conversion methods, i.e., reductive, oxidative, pyrolytic, and hydrolytic processes. An additional subchapter on the reforming of pyrolysis oil model compounds has also been included. Special attention will be given to those research papers using "green" reactants (i.e., H2 or renewable hydrogen donor molecules in reductive processes or air/O2 in oxidative processes) and solvents, although less environmentally friendly chemicals will be also considered. Moreover, the scope of the review is limited to those most representative lignin model compounds and to those reaction products that are typically targeted in lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Oregui-Bengoechea
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Ion Agirre
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aitziber Iriondo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alexander Lopez-Urionabarrenechea
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesus M Requies
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iker Agirrezabal-Telleria
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kepa Bizkarra
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - V Laura Barrio
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose F Cambra
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of the Basque Country EHU/UPV, Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo 1, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
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16
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Tsai Y, Chen C, Hsieh Y, Tsai M. Selective C
α
Alcohol Oxidation of Lignin Substrates Featuring a β‐O‐4 Linkage by a Dinuclear Oxovanadium Catalyst via Two‐Electron Redox Processes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Ting Tsai
- Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat‐sen University 80424 Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Yao Chen
- Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat‐sen University 80424 Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Ju Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat‐sen University 80424 Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Li Tsai
- Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat‐sen University 80424 Kaohsiung Taiwan
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17
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Yu X, Wei Z, Lu Z, Pei H, Wang H. Activation of lignin by selective oxidation: An emerging strategy for boosting lignin depolymerization to aromatics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121885. [PMID: 31377049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is the most abundant, renewable aromatic resource on earth and holds great potential for the production of value-added chemicals. The efficient valorization of lignin requires to deal with several formidable challenges, especially to prevent it from re-condensation reactions during its depolymerization. Recently, a strategy involving the activation of lignin side chains by selective oxidation of the benzylic alcohol in β-O-4 linkages to facilitate lignin degradation to aromatic monomers has become very popular. This strategy provides great advantages for lignin selective degradation to high yields of aromatics under mild conditions, but requires an additional pre-oxidation step. The purpose of this review is to provide the latest cutting-edge innovations of this novel approach. Various catalytic systems, including those using chemo-catalytic methods, physio-chemo catalytic methods, and/or bio-catalytic methods, for the oxidative activation of lignin side chains are summarized. By analyzing the current situation of lignin depolymerization, certain promising directions are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Yu
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ziqing Wei
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Zhixian Lu
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haisheng Pei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Postharvest Handing Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijjing 100121, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Biomass Sciences and Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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18
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Song WL, Dong Q, Hong L, Tian ZQ, Tang LN, Hao W, Zhang H. Activating molecular oxygen with Au/CeO 2 for the conversion of lignin model compounds and organosolv lignin. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31070-31077. [PMID: 35529355 PMCID: PMC9072557 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04838c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Au/CeO2 was demonstrated to be a high efficiency catalyst for the conversion of 2-phenoxyacetophenol (PP-ol) employing O2 as an oxidant and methyl alcohol as the solvent without using an erosive strong base or acid. Mechanistic investigations, including emission quenching experiments, electron spin-resonance (ESR) and intermediate verification experiments, were carried out. The results verified that the superoxide anion activated by Au/CeO2 from molecular oxygen plays a vital role in the oxidation of lignin model compounds, and the cleavage of both the β-O-4 and Cα-Cβ linkages was involved. Au/CeO2 also performed well in the oxidative conversion of organosolv lignin under mild conditions (453 K), producing vanillin (10.5 wt%), methyl vanillate (6.8 wt%), methylene syringate (3.4 wt%) and a ring-opened product. Based on the detailed characterization data and mechanistic results, Au/CeO2 was confirmed to be a promising catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Lin Song
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Changji University Changji 831100 Xinjiang China
| | - Qingmeng Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Changji University Changji 831100 Xinjiang China
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Changji University Changji 831100 Xinjiang China
- Product Quality Inspection Institute of Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture Changji 831100 Xinjiang China
| | - Zhou-Qi Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Changji University Changji 831100 Xinjiang China
| | - Li-Na Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Changji University Changji 831100 Xinjiang China
| | - Wenli Hao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Changji University Changji 831100 Xinjiang China
| | - Hongxi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Changji University Changji 831100 Xinjiang China
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19
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Lin F, Liu C, Wang X, Hu C, Wu S, Xiao R. Catalytic oxidation of biorefinery corncob lignin via zirconium(IV) chloride and sodium hydroxide in acetonitrile/water: A functionality study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 675:203-212. [PMID: 31030128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to realize the efficient utilization of biorefinery corncob lignin, the promising catalytic oxidation strategy was carried out by using ZrCl4 and NaOH as the co-catalyst and dioxygen as the oxidant in MeCN/H2O. GC/MS, GC-FID, and MALDI-TOF/MS were employed to recognize the produced monomers and oligomers, and GPC was used to monitor the molecular weight changes of lignin fragments. In addition, specific structural evolution of corncob lignin during ZrCl4/NaOH-catalyzed oxidation were revealed by quantitative 13C (Q13C) and 2D HSQC NMR techniques. Results showed that the total yields of produced oxidation monomers reached 6.8 wt%, and aromatic aldehydes were the major species, in which vanillin and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde were the two dominant products. After ZrCl4/NaOH-catalyzed oxidation, the weight-average molecular weight of corncob lignin and its products decreased from 2000 Da to 300 Da after oxidation with 16 h. Moreover, Q13C NMR analysis showed the decrease percentage of CO aliphatic carbons (including methoxyl carbons), the increase percentage of CC aliphatic and carbonyl carbons, and the relative stable percentage of aromatic carbons with reaction prolonged. These results combined with the further confirmation from HSQC indicated the oxidative cleavage of CO aliphatic linkages and removal of methoxy groups within corncob lignin, as well as the formation of CC aliphatic bonds and carbonyl groups. The work presented a comprehensive insight into the catalytic oxidative depolymerization of biorefinery corncob lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Xing Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Changsong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Shiliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China.
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20
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Wang H, Pu Y, Ragauskas A, Yang B. From lignin to valuable products-strategies, challenges, and prospects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 271:449-461. [PMID: 30266464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of effective approaches for the valorization of lignin to valuable products attracts broad interests of a growing scientific community. By fully unlocking the potential of the world's most abundant resource of bio-aromatics, it could improve the profitability and carbon efficiency of the entire biorefinery process, thus accelerate the replacement of fossil resources with bioresources in our society. The successful realization of this goal depends on the development of technologies to overcome the following challenges, including: 1) efficient biomass pretreatment and lignin separation technologies that overcomes its diverse structure and complex chemistry challenges to obtain high purity lignin; 2) advanced chemical analysis for precise quantitative characterization of the lignin in chemical transformation processes; 3) novel approaches for conversion of biomass-derived lignin to valuable products. This review summarizes the latest cutting-edge innovations of lignin chemical valorization with the focus on the aforementioned three key aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Center of Biomass Engineering/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Arthur Ragauskas
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering & Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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