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Sudrajat H, Wella SA, Phanthuwongpakdee J, Lisovytskiy D, Sobczak K, Colmenares JC. Atomistic understanding of enhanced selectivity in photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde using graphitic carbon nitride loaded with single copper atoms. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:14813-14830. [PMID: 39034643 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01610f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The loading of graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) with transition metals has received significant attention for efficient light-driven catalysis. However, the contribution of the loaded metals to enhanced performance remains unclear. In this study, Cu is loaded onto gCN to understand how photocatalytic activity is regulated by the loaded metals. Loading gCN with 3 wt% of Cu increases the electron population by 8.1 and 4.6 times under UV (λ < 370 nm) and visible light (390 < λ < 740 nm), respectively. This sample shows nearly 100% selectivity for oxidizing benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and a high yield-to-power ratio, reaching 0.35 mmol g-1 h-1 W-1. The loaded Cu species exist as single atoms with a +1-oxidation state. Each Cu+ cation is coordinated to two (at 3 wt% Cu) or four (at 6 wt% Cu) N atoms within the cavity of the gCN framework. Doubling the Cu loading results in a smaller electron population and coordinatively more saturated Cu+ cations, making it catalytically less reactive. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that Cu+ cations produce filled mid-gap states above the valence band, which function as hole traps and hence oxidation centers. The Cu+ cation and the neighboring N atoms are electron-depletion and electron-accumulation sites due to Cu → N electron transfer, making it highly reactive for oxidative transformations via the hole transfer pathway. The role of Cu as a hole-transfer site updates the received understanding that surface-loaded Cu serves as an electron-accumulation site. A strong correlation is observed between the electron population at steady-state and the product yield, indicating that it could serve as a promising performance indicator for the design of future photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanggara Sudrajat
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
- Research Center for Quantum Physics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
- Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, BRIN - Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Sasfan Arman Wella
- Research Center for Quantum Physics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
- Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, BRIN - Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | | | - Dmytro Lisovytskiy
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Sobczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Juan Carlos Colmenares
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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Ma Z, Song X, Li Z, Ren Y, Wang J, Liang Y. Ag-based coordination polymer-enhanced photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin and nitrophenol. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:3797-3807. [PMID: 38305385 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03727d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal coordination complexes have attracted wide attention in molecular chemistry, but their applications still confront a tremendous challenge. Herein, a novel silver coordination polymer with a formula of {[Ag9(TIPA)6](NO3)9·12H2O}n (Ag-TIPA) was prepared by a solvothermal reaction of silver nitrate with triangular tris(4-imidazolylphenyl)amine (TIPA). The crystalline molecular structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which showed that each Ag(I) was coordinated with two nitrogen atoms of TIPA ligands. Such Ag-TIPA was used as a catalyst for the photodegradation of ciprofloxacin and 4-nitrophenol under UV-visible light irradiation. The results exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance and reusability due to high structure stability in an acidic, neutral and alkaline environment. The experimental findings and density functional theory calculations revealed that metal-ligand charge transfer in Ag-TIPA extended the absorption range of light and improved the charge transfer properties of TIPA. To further understand the photodegradation process, the intermediates were predicted and analysed through electrostatic potential, orbital weighted dual descriptor, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Based on these findings, a possible degradation mechanism was proposed. This study provides new insights into the design and synthesis of Ag-based coordination polymers with novel structures, excellent catalytic activity, and good durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihu Ma
- Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Yixia Ren
- Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Jijiang Wang
- Laboratory of New Energy and New Function Materials, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan'an University, Yan'an 716000, China.
| | - Yucang Liang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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The current state of electrolytes and cathode materials development in the quest for aluminum-sulfur batteries. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xu S, Zhang Z, Wang D, Lu J, Guo Y, Kang S, Chang X. Ultrafast plasma method allows rapid immobilization of monatomic copper on carboxyl-deficient g-C3N4 for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production. Front Chem 2022; 10:972496. [PMID: 36092656 PMCID: PMC9458931 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.972496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal monometallic photocatalysts have received extensive attention owing to the maximization of atomic utilization efficiency. However, in previous related works, single-atom loading and stability are generally low due to limited anchor sites and mechanisms. Recently, adding transition-metal monatomic sites to defective carbon nitrides has a good prospect, but there is still lack of diversity in defect structures and preparation techniques. Here, a strategy for preparing defect-type carbon-nitride–coupled monatomic copper catalysts by an ultrafast plasma method is reported. In this method, oxalic acid and commercial copper salt are used as a carboxyl defect additive and a copper source, respectively. Carbon nitride samples containing carboxyl defects and monatomic copper can be processed within 10 min by one-step argon plasma treatment. Infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance prove the existence of carboxyl defects. Spherical aberration electron microscopy and synchrotron radiation analysis confirm the existence of monatomic copper. The proportion of monatomic copper is relatively high, and the purity is high and very uniform. The Cu PCN as-prepared shows not only high photo-Fenton pollutant degradation ability but also high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution ability under visible light. In the photocatalytic reaction, the reversible change of Cu+/Cu2+ greatly promotes the separation and transmission of photogenerated carriers and improves the utilization of photoelectrons. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of the optimized sample is 8.34 mmol g−1·h−1, which is 4.54 times that of the raw carbon nitride photocatalyst. The cyclic photo-Fenton experiment confirms the catalyst has excellent repeatability in a strong oxidation environment. The synergistic mechanism of the photocatalyst obtained by this plasma is the coordination of single-atom copper sites and carboxyl defect sites. The single copper atoms incorporated can act as an electron-rich active center, enhancing the h+ adsorption and reduction capacity of Cu PCN. At the same time, the carboxyl defect sites can form hydrogen bonds to stabilize the production of hydrogen atoms and subsequently convert them to hydrogen because of the unstable hydrogen bond structure. This plasma strategy is green, convenient, environment-friendly, and waste-free. More importantly, it has the potential for large-scale production, which brings a new way for the general preparation of high-quality monatomic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchang Xu
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Yiming Filtration Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Daqian Wang
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyang Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Guo
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research Center of Ministry Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifei Kang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Photochemistry and Photocatalyst, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xijiang Chang
- College of Science, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research Center of Ministry Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xijiang Chang,
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Zhou X, Wang T, liu H, Zhang L, Zhang C, Kong N, Su D, Wang C. Design of S-scheme heterojunction catalyst based on structural defects for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization application. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Anchoring nickel complex to g-C3N4 enables an efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction through ligand-to-metal charge transfer mechanism. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 616:791-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Che S, Zhou X, Zhang L, Su D, Wang T, Wang C. Construction of 2D layered phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride/BiOBr heterojunction for highly efficient photocatalytic disinfection. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200095. [PMID: 35355439 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacteria intimidate the health of human beings all over the world. Although many avenues have been tried, various operating conditions limit their actual applications. Photocatalytic nanomaterials are becoming candidates to be competent for water purification. Here, a novel and more efficient S-scheme has been engineered between two dimensional (2D) layered phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride (P-g-C 3 N 4 ) and BiOBr via hydrothermal polymerization to inhibit the recombination of charge and broaden light absorption. The as-prepared P-g-C 3 N 4 /BiOBr hybrids exhibits significantly improved photocatalytic disinfection contrast to g-C 3 N 4 /BiOBr in visible wavelengths, suggesting phosphorus doping which adjusts the band structure plays a significant role in the S-scheme system. And the sterilization rate of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii 28 ( AB 28 ) was 99.9999% within 80 min and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) was 99.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Che
- Yangzhou University, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Yangzhou University, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Yangzhou University, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Dawei Su
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, Mathematical and Physical Science, AUSTRALIA
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Yangzhou University, The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Chengyin Wang
- Yangzhou University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 180 Si-Wang-Ting Road, 225002, Yangzhou, CHINA
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Zeng P, Zhang WD. A strategy for integrating transition metal-complex cocatalyst onto g-C3N4 to enable efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Capobianco MD, Pattengale B, Neu J, Schmuttenmaer CA. Single Copper Atoms Enhance Photoconductivity in g-C 3N 4. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8873-8879. [PMID: 33017538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and its doped analogues have been studied over the past decade in part due to their promising applications in heterogeneous photocatalysis; however, the effect of doping on the photoconductivity is poorly understood. Herein, we investigate Cu doped g-C3N4 (Cu-g-C3N4) and demonstrate via extended X-ray absorption fine structure that Cu+ incorporates as an individual ion. Time-resolved optical pump terahertz probe spectroscopy was utilized to measure the ultrafast photoconductivity in response to a 400 nm pump pulse and showed that the Cu+ dopant significantly enhances photoconductivity of the as-prepared powdered sample, which decays within 10 ps. Furthermore, a film preparation technique was applied that further enhanced the photoconductivity and induced a longer-lived photoconductive state with a lifetime on the order of 100 ps. This study provides valuable insight into the ultrafast photoconductivity dynamics of g-C3N4 materials, which is essential toward developing efficient g-C3N4 photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt D Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Brian Pattengale
- Department of Chemistry and Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Jens Neu
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Charles A Schmuttenmaer
- Department of Chemistry and Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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Xu Y, Du C, Zhou C, Yang S. A new Ni-diaminoglyoxime-g-C 3N 4 complex towards efficient photocatalytic ethanol splitting via a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) mechanism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7171-7174. [PMID: 32463031 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01120g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel Ni-diaminoglyoxime-g-C3N4 (Ni-DAG-CN) complex for H2 evolution through photocatalytic ethanol splitting. Compared to that of pristine g-C3N4, Ni-DAG-CN exhibits a 21-fold enhancement of photocatalytic activity (296.1 μmol h-1 g-1) under irradiation with excellent stability. The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to a proposed ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) mechanism, which is illustrated both experimentally and theoretically. This work provides great potential in the future design of low-cost, high-performance photocatalysts for H2 evolution from alcohol splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China.
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Yan F, Wu Y, Jiang L, Xue X, Lv J, Lin L, Yu Y, Zhang J, Yang F, Qiu Y. Design of C 3 N 4 -Based Hybrid Heterojunctions for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Activity. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:876-881. [PMID: 31944616 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors and metals can form an Ohmic contact with an electric field pointing to the metal, or a Schottky contact with an electric field pointing to the semiconductor. If these two types of heterojunctions are constructed on a single nanoparticle, the two electric fields may cause a synergistic effect and increase the separation rate of the photogenerated electrons and holes. Metal Ni and Ag nanoparticles were successively loaded on the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) surface by precipitation and photoreduction in the hope of forming hybrid heterojunctions on single nanoparticles. TEM/high-resolution TEM images showed that Ag and Ni were loaded on different locations on C3 N4 , which indicated that during the photoreduction reaction Ag+ obtained electrons from C3 N4 in the reduction reaction, whereas oxidation reactions proceeded on Ni nanoparticles. Photocatalytic hydrogen production experiments showed that C3 N4 -based hybrid heterojunctions can greatly improve the photocatalytic activity of materials. The possible reason is that two heterojunctions could form a long-range electric field similar to the p-i-n structure in semiconductors. Most of the photogenerated carriers were generated and then separated in this electric field, thereby increasing the separation rate of electrons and holes. This further improved the photocatalytic activity of C3 N4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengpo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Green Perovskites Application of Fujian Province Universities, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, 350108, P.R. China
| | - Yonghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Perovskites Application of Fujian Province Universities, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, 350108, P.R. China
| | - Linqin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Perovskites Application of Fujian Province Universities, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, 350108, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P.R. China
| | - Jiangquan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Perovskites Application of Fujian Province Universities, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, 350108, P.R. China
| | - Lingyan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Perovskites Application of Fujian Province Universities, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, 350108, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Perovskites Application of Fujian Province Universities, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, 350108, P.R. China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P.R. China
| | - Fugui Yang
- Mathematical Institution, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, 350108, P.R. China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Green Perovskites Application of Fujian Province Universities, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, 350108, P.R. China
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