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Akanksha MS, Sumanth P, Akhil UV, Radhika N, Ravichandran M. The modification and adoption of biolubricants as alternatives in the automotive industry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2025; 32:1043-1072. [PMID: 39733034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/24/2024] [Indexed: 12/30/2024]
Abstract
Lubricants are pivotal in mitigating friction and wear between surfaces, ensuring seamless movement of solid objects. However, the predominant use of petroleum-based lubricants in the automotive and industrial ssectors raises substantial concerns for future energy security. The exploration of vegetable oils as an alternative lubricant in the automotive industry was motivated by the depletion of fossil fuels and escalating environmental concerns. The post-pandemic surge in environmental awareness has intensified the focus on biolubricants. Over the past two decades, the biolubricants field has burgeoned with numerous research, signaling a heightened interest in eco-friendly and sustainable lubrication solutions. This underscores biolubricants as a dynamic and evolving research area with lasting prominence, especially amid ongoing environmental innovation. The review centrally revolves around naturally sourced lubricants, primarily focusing on vegetable oils, which stand out as appealing substitutes for conventional petroleum-based lubricants due to their biodegradability, high lubricity, and elevated flash points. The article delves into modifications to enhance vegetable oil properties, explores the role of additives, and provides insights into current and future prospects. The paper also investigates diverse applications in engine oil, grease, hydraulic oil, and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddali Saran Akanksha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - Penugonda Sumanth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - Uppinath Valayannur Akhil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - Nachimuthu Radhika
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India.
| | - Manickam Ravichandran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Samayapuram, Trichy, India
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Uniyal P, Gaur P, Yadav J, Khan T, Ahmed OS. A Review on the Effect of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Tribological Properties of Biolubricants. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12436-12456. [PMID: 38524498 PMCID: PMC10955578 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive and accessible literature review on the integration of nanoparticles into biolubricants to enhance wear and friction regulation, thus improving the overall lubricated system performance. Nanotechnology has significantly impacted various industries, particularly in lubrication. Nanobiolubricants offer promising avenues for enhancing tribological properties. This review focuses on oxide nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles, for their ability to enhance lubricant performance. The impact of nanoparticle concentration on biolubricant properties, including viscosity, viscosity index, flash point temperature, and pour point temperature, is analyzed. The review also addresses potential obstacles and limitations in nanoparticle incorporation, aiming to propose effective strategies for maximizing their benefits. The findings underscore the potential of nanobiolubricants to improve operational efficiency and component lifespan. This review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and professionals in exploring and leveraging nanotechnology's potential in the lubrication industry. This review paper explores the basics of tribology along with its significance, green principles, mechanisms, and energy savings because of friction, wear, and lubrication. Condition monitoring techniques are also explored to achieve brief knowledge about maintaining reliability and safety of the industrial components. Recent advances in tribology including superconductivity, biotribology, high-temperature tribology, tribological simulation, hybrid polymer composite's tribology, and cryogenic tribology are investigated, which gives a thorough idea about the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Uniyal
- Mechanical
Engineering Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Piyush Gaur
- Mechanical
Engineering Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jitendra Yadav
- Mechanical
Engineering Cluster, School of Advanced Engineering, UPES, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tabrej Khan
- Department
of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Shabbir Ahmed
- Department
of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
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Goculdas T, Korathotage K, Montone C, Sadula S, Bloch ED, Vlachos DG. Synthesis of Long Chain Oxygenates via Aldol Condensation of Furfural and Acetone over Metal-Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38047592 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Enormous efforts have been made to convert biomass to liquid fuels and products catalytically. Long molecules with a suitable structure are ideal precursors for fuels and value-added products. Here, a C21 oxygenate was synthesized for the first time in one step through aldol condensation of furfural and acetone over the amine-functionalized zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF), UiO-66-NH2. Structural changes of UiO-66-NH2 were investigated to improve the yield and evaluate the role of the ligand, cluster node, defectiveness, modulator, surface area, and textural properties on the product distribution. We demonstrate the possibility of making long-chain oxygenates without using vegetable oil-derived fatty acids toward 100% waste biomass-derived renewable fuels, lubricants, and surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas Goculdas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Kaushalya Korathotage
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Christine Montone
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Sunitha Sadula
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Eric D Bloch
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation, University of Delaware, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Site and Structural Requirements for the Dehydra-Decyclization of Cyclic Ethers on ZrO2. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12080902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the site and structural requirements for the dehydra-decyclization of cyclic ethers, tetrahydrofuran, and tetrahydropyran to produce conjugated dienes over ZrO2-based catalysts, a reaction that could be an important step in the use of biomass-derived sugars as a starting material to produce monomers for the plastics industry. To help identify the active sites for this reaction, studies were conducted in which ZrO2 surfaces were decorated with Na. These studies showed that Na was effective at poisoning the activity for the ring opening of cyclic ethers, but much less so for the dehydration of the resulting adsorbed alkoxides. The studies of the activity of different types of ZrO2 for the dehydra-decyclization reaction, including single crystals and ultra-thin films supported on MgAl2O4 and silica, also showed that the reaction was dependent on the local structure of the ZrO2 surface. The insights these results provide for identifying the active sites on the ZrO2 surface are discussed.
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Furfural Upgrading by Aldol Condensation with Ketones over Solid-Base Catalysts. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-03960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Batchu SP, Hernandez Blazquez B, Malhotra A, Fang H, Ierapetritou M, Vlachos D. Accelerating Manufacturing for Biomass Conversion via Integrated Process and Bench Digitalization: A Perspective. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00560j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a perspective for accelerating biomass manufacturing via digitalization. We summarize the challenges for manufacturing and identify areas where digitalization can help. A profound potential in using lignocellulosic biomass...
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Ob-eye J, Chaiendoo K, Itthibenchapong V. Catalytic Conversion of Epoxidized Palm Fatty Acids through Oxirane Ring Opening Combined with Esterification and the Properties of Palm Oil-Based Biolubricants. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeerati Ob-eye
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Chaiendoo
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Vorranutch Itthibenchapong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Tabrizi M, Bahri-Laleh N, Sadjadi S, Nekoomanesh-Haghighi M. The effect of ionic liquid containing AlCl3 catalytic systems on the microstructure and properties of polyalphaolefin based lubricants. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Gu M, Liu L, Nakagawa Y, Li C, Tamura M, Shen Z, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Tomishige K. Selective Hydrogenolysis of Erythritol over Ir-ReO x /Rutile-TiO 2 Catalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:642-654. [PMID: 33084243 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Partial hydrogenolysis of erythritol, which can be produced at large scale by fermentation, to 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BuD) is investigated with Ir-ReOx /SiO2 and Ir-ReOx /rutile-TiO2 catalysts. In addition to the higher conversion rate over Ir-ReOx /TiO2 than over Ir-ReOx /SiO2 , which has been also reported for glycerol hydrogenolysis, Ir-ReOx /TiO2 showed higher selectivity to 1,4-BuD than Ir-ReOx /SiO2 , especially at low conversion levels, leading to high 1,4-BuD productivity of 20 mmol1,4-BuD gIr -1 h-1 at 373 K (36 % conversion, 33 % selectivity). The productivity based on the noble metal amount is higher than those reported previously, although the maximum yield of 1,4-BuD (23 %) is not higher than the highest reported values. The reactions of various triols, diols and mono-ols are tested and the selectivity and the reaction rates are compared between catalysts and between substrates. The Ir-ReOx /TiO2 catalyst showed about twofold higher activity than Ir-ReOx /SiO2 in hydrogenolysis of the C-OH bond at the 2- or 3-positions in 1,2- and 1,3-diols, respectively, whereas the hydrogenolysis of C-OH at the 1-position is less promoted by the TiO2 support. Lowering the loading amount of Ir on TiO2 (from 4 wt % to 2 or 1 wt %) decreases the Ir-based activity and 1,4-BuD selectivity. Similarly, increasing the loading amount on SiO2 from 4 wt % to 20 wt % increases the Ir-based activity and 1,4-BuD selectivity, although they remain lower than those for TiO2 -supported catalyst with 4 wt % Ir. High metal loadings on the support seem to be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyan Gu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of New Rural Development, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lujie Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Congcong Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masazumi Tamura
- Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Zheng Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of New Rural Development, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of New Rural Development, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of New Rural Development, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Keiichi Tomishige
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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Chen S, Wu T, Zhao C. Synthesis of Branched Biolubricant Base Oil from Oleic Acid. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5516-5522. [PMID: 32840052 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mature manufacturing of synthetic lubricants (poly-α-olefins, PAO) proceeds through oligomerization, polymerization, and hydrogenation reactions of petrochemical ethylene. In this work, we utilize the inexpensive bio-derived oleic acid as raw material to synthesize a crotch-type C45 biolubricant base oil via a full-carbon chain synthesis without carbon loss. It contains several cascade chemical processes: oxidation of oleic acid to azelaic acid (further esterification to dimethyl azelate) and nonanoic acid (both C9 chains). The latter is then selectively hydrogenated to nonanol and brominated to the bromo-Grignard reagent. In a next step, a C45 biolubricant base oil is formed by nucleophilic addition (NPA) of excessive C9 bromo-Grignard reagent with dimethyl azelate, followed by subsequent hydrodeoxygenation. The specific properties of the prepared biolubricant base oil are almost equivalent to those of the commercial lubricant PAO6 (ExxonMobil). This process provides a new promising route for the production of value-added biolubricant base oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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