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Pierog O, Rozati S, Sunshine J. Biclonal Multifocal Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma: A Patient Report and Review of Literature. Am J Dermatopathol 2024; 46:40-42. [PMID: 37982504 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Pierog
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Ramalingam TR, Muralikrishnan S, Easow J, Vaidhyanathan L. Biclonal Low-Grade B Cell Lymphoma as Detected by Multiparametric Flow Cytometry in Blood and Marrow. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2023; 39:691-698. [PMID: 37786829 PMCID: PMC10542050 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-022-01625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biclonal B cell lymphomas (BCL) of two different low-grade components are rare. Multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) is an integral tool in lymphoma diagnosis and very efficient in picking up BCL cases, especially when the associated second component is small. We studied the incidence of BCL in the routine blood and marrow samples sent for immunophenotyping by MFC. A total of 376 cases were analyzed retrospectively. We studied their clinical, immunophenotypic, molecular, and cytogenetic findings with literature review. We found five cases of BCL with two different clonal low-grade B cell components at an incidence of 1.3%. All cases were males with a median age of 68 years. The chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) clone was present in all 5 cases. The other associated component in cases 1 to 5 were lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, and monoclonal B cell population of non-CLL type respectively. Diagnosing BCL may be challenging and may also go undiagnosed when the second component is petite and overshadowed by the more significant component. It may be critical if the small, unnoticed lymphoma component is of a more aggressive type. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12288-022-01625-y.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jose Easow
- Department of Hematology, Apollo Cancer Centre, Chennai, India
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Cenariu D, Rus I, Bergthorsson JT, Grewal R, Cenariu M, Greiff V, Tigu AB, Dima D, Selicean C, Petrushev B, Zdrenghea M, Fromm J, Aanei CM, Tomuleasa C. Flow Cytometry of CD5-Positive Hairy Cell Leukemia. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:593-599. [PMID: 37291380 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder for which diagnosis is typically straightforward, based on bone marrow morphology and flow cytometry (FC) or immunohistochemistry. Nevertheless, variants present atypical expressions of cell surface markers, as is the case of CD5, for which the differential diagnosis can be more difficult. The aim of the current paper was to describe diagnosis of HCL with atypical CD5 expression, with an emphasis on FC. METHODS The detailed diagnostic methodology for HCL with atypical CD5 expression is presented, including differential diagnosis from other lymphoproliferative diseases with similar pathologic features, by FC analysis of the bone marrow aspirate. RESULTS Diagnosis of HCL by means of FC started by gating all events based on side scatter (SSC) versus CD45 and B lymphocytes were selected from the lymphocytes gate as CD45/CD19 positive. The gated cells were positive for CD25, CD11c, CD20, and CD103, while CD10 proved to be dim to negative. Moreover, cells positive for CD3, CD4, and CD8, the three pan-T markers, as well as CD19, showed a bright expression of CD5. The atypical CD5 expression is usually correlated with a negative prognosis and thus chemotherapy with cladribine should be initiated. CONCLUSION HCL is an indolent chronic lymphoproliferative disorder and diagnosis is usually straightforward. However, atypical expression of CD5 renders its differential diagnosis more difficult, but FC is a useful tool that allows an optimal classification of the disease and allows initiation of timely satisfactory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cenariu
- Medfuture Research Center for Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Rus
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jon Thor Bergthorsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ravnit Grewal
- Department of Pathology, National Health Laboratory Services, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Mihai Cenariu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Victor Greiff
- Laboratory for Computational and Systems Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adrian-Bogdan Tigu
- Medfuture Research Center for Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Delia Dima
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Selicean
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bobe Petrushev
- Medfuture Research Center for Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jonathan Fromm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carmen-Mariana Aanei
- Haematology Laboratory, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- INSERM U1059-SAINBIOSE, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Medfuture Research Center for Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Louis Pasteur Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Unique Presentation of Bing-Neel Syndrome With Co-existing Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Hemasphere 2022; 6:e805. [PMID: 36407090 PMCID: PMC9668544 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Rahman K, Chandra D, Singh MK, Singh S, Gupta P, Yadav S, Gupta R. Biclonal cluster lymphoma: SLL/CLL and FL diagnosed on fine needle aspirate flow cytometry-Report of an interesting case. CYTOMETRY. PART B, CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2022; 102:320-322. [PMID: 35723268 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.22082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaliqur Rahman
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Chandra
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar Singh
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Yadav
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Vittoria L, Bozzi F, Capone I, Carniti C, Lorenzini D, Gobbo M, Bolli N, Aiello A. A rare biclonal Hairy Cell Leukemia disclosed by an integrated diagnostic approach: A case report. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2020; 100:692-694. [PMID: 33337573 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vittoria
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Bozzi
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Iolanda Capone
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Carniti
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Lorenzini
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Morena Gobbo
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Aiello
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Brando B. Issue Highlights-March 2018. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 94:208-210. [PMID: 29438583 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Brando
- Hematology Laboratory and Transfusion Center, Legnano Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Keeney M, Hedley BD, Chin-Yee IH. Flow cytometry-Recognizing unusual populations in leukemia and lymphoma diagnosis. Int J Lab Hematol 2017; 39 Suppl 1:86-92. [PMID: 28447408 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is an invaluable technology in the examination of blood, bone marrow, tissue and body fluids for the presence or absence of hematological disease. It is used in both diagnostic and follow-up testing, with an increasingly important role in the detection of very small residual disease populations (Minimal Residual Disease, MRD) However, flow cytometry immunophenotyping of leukemia and lymphoma is highly dependent on interpretation of results and with the increased complexity of 8-10 color instruments routinely used in clinical laboratories, knowledge of disease-defining populations is increasingly important as is recognizing normal and reactive patterns. This manuscript presents case studies with flow cytometric patterns encountered in routine screening of samples sent for leukemia and lymphoma immunophenotyping, focusing mainly on B-cell disorders which may be missed or incorrectly interpreted by the laboratory (including a hematopathologist) performing the test. Case studies are used to illustrate our laboratory's standardized approach to the interpretation of flow cytometric data. In addition to a standardized approach, these cases emphasize the importance of interpretative skills of technologist and hematopathologists in recognizing abnormal patterns in detecting hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Keeney
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Hematology, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - B D Hedley
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Hematology, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, London, ON, Canada
| | - I H Chin-Yee
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Hematology, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Rajab A, Axler O, Leung J, Wozniak M, Porwit A. Ten-color 15-antibody flow cytometry panel for immunophenotyping of lymphocyte population. Int J Lab Hematol 2017; 39 Suppl 1:76-85. [DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Rajab
- Hematology Department; LifeLabs; Toronto ON Canada
| | - O. Axler
- Klinisk patologi, Labmedicin; Medicinsk Service, Region Skåne; Lunds Universitetsjukhus; Lund Sweden
| | - J. Leung
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory; Laboratory Medicine Program; University Health Network; Toronto ON Canada
| | - M. Wozniak
- Hematology Department; LifeLabs; Toronto ON Canada
| | - A. Porwit
- Division for Oncology and Pathology; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund; Faculty of Medicine; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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