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Li CY, Salihoglu S, Civantos FJ, Velez Torres JM. Exploring cytologic features and potential diagnostic challenges of metastatic NUT carcinoma to the parotid gland: A case report and a comprehensive literature review. Diagn Cytopathol 2024. [PMID: 38655736 DOI: 10.1002/dc.25335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
NUT carcinoma (NC) is a highly aggressive, poorly differentiated carcinoma that harbors a t(15:19) translocation, leading to the fusion of the NUTM1 gene. While the upper aerodigestive tract along the midline (head, neck, thorax, and mediastinum) is commonly reported as the primary site of NC, subsequent cases have emerged in diverse locations. Achieving a definitive diagnosis based solely on morphology is challenging; however, it can be achieved using immunohistochemistry (IHC) specific to the NUT antibody or by demonstrating the characteristic BRD4::NUTM1 fusion. Accurate and timely diagnosis can potentially inform patient management and guide treatment. While histologic documentation of NC is commonly found, there is a limited description of its cytologic features. A 39-year-old male with a history of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) presented with a right parotid mass aspirated via fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA). Histologic examination of the previous sinonasal pathology reviewed at our institution revealed sheets of primitive-appearing, monotonous, undifferentiated cells with distinct, prominent nucleoli. Additionally, there were foci of abrupt keratinization, accompanied by a notable neutrophilic infiltrate. The initial diagnosis of SCC was reclassified to NC and confirmed through NUT IHC and molecular testing. Although the parotid FNA initially suggested the possibility of a variety of small round blue cell tumors, it exhibited morphological similarities to the sinonasal tumor, leading to the diagnosis of metastatic NC. Cytomorphologic features of NC are limited and can overlap with various small round blue cell tumors. Correct classification is especially pivotal in the era of targeted therapy, considering the ongoing development and evaluation of BET inhibitors targeting BRD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Y Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Salih Salihoglu
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Francisco J Civantos
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jaylou M Velez Torres
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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2
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Zhao D, Cao W, Zha S, Wang Y, Pan Z, Zhang J, Hu K. Primary pulmonary nuclear protein of the testis midline carcinoma: case report and systematic review with pooled analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1308432. [PMID: 38264746 PMCID: PMC10803636 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1308432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear protein of the testis (NUT) midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare tumor, with particularly low incidence in the lungs, and a correspondingly poor prognosis. To determine the clinicopathological characteristics, outcomes, and prognostic factors of primary pulmonary NMC, a case was reported and a systematic review was performed. Twenty-nine records, including ours, involving 62 cases, were finally included. The median age at diagnosis was 29.5 years. At presentation, the most common symptoms at presentation were cough (47.50%) and chest/back pain (37.50%). In terms of diagnosis, 32.14% of NMC cases were identified through immunohistochemistry (IHC); However, a greater number of cases may be misdiagnosed initially, and ultimately, the diagnosis of NMC was confirmed through a combination of IHC and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Despite the clinical application of various chemotherapy-based treatments, the actual effectiveness remains unsatisfactory. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis of multiple factors identified male gender and concurrent presence of pleural effusion as indicators of shorter survival time in patients. These results emphasize the importance of increased diagnostic awareness among clinical and pathology practitioners concerning NMC. While there is currently no established standard for treating NMC, a treatment approach combining multiple methods shows promise for future research. Concurrently, clinical and foundational investigations addressing variables such as gender and the presence of pleural effusion may yield valuable insights into the diagnosis and treatment of NMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqian Zha
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Chen J, Li M, Lu H. Nuclear protein in testis carcinoma of the lung. Transl Oncol 2023; 30:101640. [PMID: 36780749 PMCID: PMC9947104 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is a kind of highly aggressive and fatal solid tumor characterized by a rearrangement of the NUT carcinoma family member 1 (NUTM1) gene located on chromosome 15 q l4, where the most common form of fusion is BRD4-NUT. NUT carcinoma occurred in different organs and was most commonly found in the midline organs and the lungs. NUT carcinoma can occur in patients of almost all ages, having a roughly consistent incidence in both sexes. Most of the patients were diagnosed in advanced stages with an extremely poor prognosis due to the lack of effective treatment. After years of research, the mechanism of NUT carcinoma is still not fully clear, and its therapeutic approaches need to be further studied and explored. In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of NUT carcinoma and explore the effective treatments, this review aimed to summarize the clinical features, pathological characteristics, differential diagnosis, and treatment strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (lung and esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine (IBCM), 310022, P.R. China,Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine (IBCM), 310022, P.R. China,Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P.R. China
| | - Meihui Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (lung and esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine (IBCM), 310022, P.R. China,Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine (IBCM), 310022, P.R. China,The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P.R. China
| | - Hongyang Lu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (lung and esophagus), Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine (IBCM), 310022, P.R. China; Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic and Cancer Medicine (IBCM), 310022, P.R. China.
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4
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Saiki A, Sakamoto K, Bee Y, Izumo T. Nuclear protein of the testis midline carcinoma of the thorax. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:531-538. [PMID: 35325167 PMCID: PMC9157292 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear protein of the testis (NUT) midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare tumor that typically presents in the head, neck, and chest region. NMC is characterized by rearrangement of the NUTM1 gene. It mainly affects children and young adults and is rapidly progressive and lethal. Reportedly, the prognoses of NMCs of the head and neck improve following aggressive initial surgical resection +/- postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or radiotherapy (RT). However, as NMC of the thorax was identified later, treatments to improve its prognosis are yet to be identified. Our review reveals that NMC is an extremely rare cancer, and most patients remain undiagnosed. Furthermore, this review outlines the clinical characteristics of NMC of the thorax and the prospects for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayae Saiki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuan Bee
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Izumo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Li X, Shi H, Zhang W, Bai C, He M, Ta N, Huang H, Ning Y, Fang C, Qin H, Dong Y. Immunotherapy and Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment: Current Place and New Insights in Primary Pulmonary NUT Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:690115. [PMID: 34660264 PMCID: PMC8515126 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.690115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary pulmonary nuclear protein of testis carcinoma is a rare and highly aggressive malignant tumor. It accounts for approximately 0.22% of primary thoracic tumors and is little known, so it is often misdiagnosed as pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma. No effective treatment has been formed yet, and the prognosis is extremely poor. This review aims to summarize the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of primary pulmonary nuclear protein of testis carcinoma in order to better recognize it and discuss the current and innovative strategies to overcome it. With the increasing importance of cancer immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment, the review also discusses whether immunotherapy and targeting the tumor microenvironment can improve the prognosis of primary pulmonary nuclear protein of testis carcinoma and possible treatment strategies. We reviewed and summarized the clinicopathological features of all patients with primary pulmonary nuclear protein of testis carcinoma who received immunotherapy, including initial misdiagnosis, disease stage, immunohistochemical markers related to tumor neovascularization, and biomarkers related to immunotherapy, such as PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) and TMB (tumor mutational burden). In the meanwhile, we summarized and analyzed the progression-free survival (PFS) and the overall survival (OS) of patients with primary pulmonary nuclear protein of testis carcinoma treated with PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1)/PD-L1 inhibitors and explored potential population that may benefit from immunotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review on the exploration of the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy effectiveness in primary pulmonary nuclear protein of testis carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University), Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University), Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University), Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University), Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Miaoxia He
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University), Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Na Ta
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University), Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University), Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yunye Ning
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University), Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University), Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University), Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchao Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University), Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma represents a highly aggressive, poorly
differentiated carcinoma that is genetically defined by rearrangement of NUT gene. The
histomorphological appearance ranges from entirely undifferentiated carcinoma to carcinoma
with prominent squamous differentiation. NUT carcinoma can display neuroendocrine
features. Although it is typically distributed along the midline axis, it may manifest in
nonmidline locations. The majority of patients develop rapidly disseminated disease. We
illustrate 2 cases of NUT carcinoma, one located in the lung, which closely resembled a
neuroendocrine carcinoma, and the other one with assumed lung origin demonstrating
metastatic dissemination with diffuse bone involvement, which was clinically first
suspected to be a hematological malignancy. Due to its undifferentiated nature, NUT
carcinoma may be confused with many entities. NUT immunohistochemistry is considered to be
sufficient for the diagnosis. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis and
next-generation sequencing are currently used to confirm the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grosse Claudia
- Institute of Pathology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, 27243University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Grosse Alexandra
- Institute of Pathology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria.,Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, 27243University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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What Is New in Biomarker Testing at Diagnosis of Advanced Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma? Implications for Cytology and Liquid Biopsy. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmp2020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and clinical validation of biomarkers predictive of the response of non-squamous non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NS-NSCLC) to therapeutic strategies continue to provide new data. The evaluation of novel treatments is based on molecular analyses aimed at determining their efficacy. These tests are increasing in number, but the tissue specimens are smaller and smaller and/or can have few tumor cells. Indeed, in addition to tissue samples, complementary cytological and/or blood samples can also give access to these biomarkers. To date, it is recommended and necessary to look for the status of five genomic molecular biomarkers (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAFV600, NTRK) and of a protein biomarker (PD-L1). However, the short- and more or less long-term emergence of new targeted treatments of genomic alterations on RET and MET, but also on others’ genomic alteration, notably on KRAS, HER2, NRG1, SMARCA4, and NUT, have made cellular and blood samples essential for molecular testing. The aim of this review is to present the interest in using cytological and/or liquid biopsies as complementary biological material, or as an alternative to tissue specimens, for detection at diagnosis of new predictive biomarkers of NS-NSCLC.
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Chatzopoulos K, Boland JM. Update on genetically defined lung neoplasms: NUT carcinoma and thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumors. Virchows Arch 2021; 478:21-30. [PMID: 33409598 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-03011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NUT carcinoma, also known as NUT midline carcinoma, is an aggressive malignancy mainly affecting the midline structures of younger patients and almost invariably leading to death within a few months of the diagnosis. Morphologically, NUT carcinoma consists of sheets of monomorphous small or medium size cells with scant cytoplasm, commonly featuring areas of abrupt squamous differentiation with keratinization. Immunohistochemistry for NUT protein is sensitive and specific, typically showing a speckled nuclear reactivity, assisting in diagnosis. The molecular background of NUT carcinoma includes the reciprocal translocation t(15;19) leading to expression of the BRD4-NUT fusion transcript with oncogenic properties. Other less common genes may occasionally be fused with NUT not only in NUT carcinoma but also in other soft tissue tumors, highlighting the fact that NUT-rearranged tumors may represent a larger and more diverse family of neoplasms. Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumors are aggressive malignancies diagnosed more often in young male smokers, which often lead to death within a few months. SMARCA4-deficient tumors show undifferentiated morphology with occasional hepatoid and rhabdoid features. Immunohistochemically, the hallmark of diagnosis is loss of expression of SMARCA4 (BRG1). Concurrent loss of SMARCA2 expression, as well as expression of one or more stem cell markers SOX2, CD34, or SALL4 is common. Truncating mutations in SMARCA4, a catalytic subunit of the mammalian BAF (SWI/SNF) complex, are the dominant oncogenic molecular event underlying the pathogenesis of these tumors. SMARCA4 deficiency can also be seen as a passenger somatic event in multiple solid neoplasms manifesting as focal dedifferentiation and rhabdoid morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Chatzopoulos
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jennifer M Boland
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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9
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Dutta R, Nambirajan A, Mittal S, Roy-Chowdhuri S, Jain D. Cytomorphology of primary pulmonary NUT carcinoma in different cytology preparations. Cancer Cytopathol 2020; 129:53-61. [PMID: 32877005 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NUT carcinoma (NC) is an aggressive neoplasm that often presents with alarge tumor burden and metastases; cytology is frequently one of the primary diagnostic modalities. Primary pulmonary NCs are very rare and cytology descriptions are limited. The current study was performed to analyze the cytomorphological features of primary pulmonary NCs in different cytology samples and preparations. METHODS A total of 15 cytology specimens from 10 patients with primary pulmonary NCs diagnosed primarily on histology were retrieved and reviewed. RESULTS Fifteen cytology samples, including aspirates from primary (5 samples) and metastatic (5 samples) sites, sputum (1 sample), and effusions (4 samples), that were prepared as direct smears, centrifuged smears, and cell blocks were reviewed. Aspirate smears from all cases were cellular and demonstrated fragments and cohesive clusters of primitive tumor cells with scant cytoplasm, ovoid nuclei with coarse granular chromatin, and consistently conspicuous single nucleoli in a frequently neutrophil-rich necrotic background with dispersed bare tumor nuclei. In fluid cytology, tight, 3-dimensional tumor clusters and singly lying tumor cells were observed. Squamous differentiation in the form of sheets and singly lying polygonal tumor cells with abundant dense cytoplasm was noted focally in rare cases. The diagnoses during original sign-outs were poorly differentiated carcinoma, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant small round cell tumor. NUT-1 (NUT family member 1 protein) immunocytochemistry performed on cell blocks demonstrated characteristic speckled nuclear staining in tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary NC presents as a poorly differentiated carcinoma with focal to absent squamous differentiation on cytology. Cellular fragments of primitive tumor cells with conspicuous nucleoli should raise suspicion of NUT carcinoma and prompt ancillary testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimlee Dutta
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aruna Nambirajan
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Mittal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Deepali Jain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Virarkar M, Saleh M, Ramani NS, Morani AC, Bhosale P. Imaging spectrum of NUT carcinomas. Clin Imaging 2020; 67:198-206. [PMID: 32866821 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear protein of the testis (NUT) carcinoma (NC) (formerly known as NUT midline carcinoma) is an aggressive pleomorphic squamous cell carcinoma with a dismal prognosis. Primary NC tumors are commonly located in the chest or head and neck regions. Imaging plays an indispensable role in the staging, management, treatment response assessment, and surveillance of NC. Primary pulmonary NC usually presents as a large mass with lymphadenopathy and pleural involvement. Primary head and neck NC presents as a large expansile necrotic mass in the sinonasal region with locoregional destruction and occasional cervical lymph node involvement. These imaging features are relatively non-specific but are consistent among patients. Currently, there are no standardized guidelines for the treatment of NC. Because of its rarity, paucity of reports in the medical literature, and the lack of awareness among radiologists, NUT carcinoma (NC) has been largely underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed. Clinical aggressive features and pleomorphic/undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma should prompt genetic evaluation for NUT translocation to diagnose NC. In this article, we discuss NC's clinicopathologic and imaging features and treatment options, including emerging new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Virarkar
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America.
| | - Mohammed Saleh
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Nisha Subhashchandra Ramani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Ajaykumar C Morani
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Priya Bhosale
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Yoshioka S, Ebisu Y, Ishida M, Miyasaka C, Taniguchi Y, Murakawa T, Tsuta K. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of primary mediastinal synovial sarcoma: A case report with an immunocytochemical approach. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 48:499-501. [PMID: 32154674 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saya Yoshioka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ebisu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Ishida
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chika Miyasaka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Taniguchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Murakawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Huang QW, He LJ, Zheng S, Liu T, Peng BN. An Overview of Molecular Mechanism, Clinicopathological Factors, and Treatment in NUT Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1018439. [PMID: 31815119 PMCID: PMC6877965 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1018439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NUT carcinoma (NC) is a rare and poorly differentiated tumor, with highly aggressive and fatal neoplasm. NC is characterized by chromosomal rearrangement involving NUTM1 gene, but lack of specific clinical and histomorphological features. It is more common in midline anatomic sites, such as head and neck, mediastinum, and other midline organs. NC may occur at any age, but mainly in children and young adults. In addition, male and female are equally affected. Most clinicians lack a clear understanding of the disease, and NC diagnostic reagents are still not widely used; therefore, misdiagnosis often occurs in clinic. Due to the highly aggressive nature of the disease and the insensitivity to nonspecific chemotherapy or radiotherapy, many patients have died before the confirmation of NC. In fact, the true incidence of NC is much higher than the current statistics. In recent years, targeted therapy for NC has also made some progress. This article aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms, clinicopathological characteristics, and treatment of NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian W. Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, People's Hospital of Boluo County, Huizhou 516000, China
| | - Li J. He
- Department of Medical Oncology, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, People's Hospital of Gaotang County, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Bei N. Peng
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
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