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Maggioni E, Pigoni A, Fontana E, Delvecchio G, Bonivento C, Bianchi V, Mauri M, Bellina M, Girometti R, Agarwal N, Nobile M, Brambilla P. Right frontal cingulate cortex mediates the effect of prenatal complications on youth internalizing behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:2074-2083. [PMID: 38378927 PMCID: PMC11408263 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal and perinatal complications represent well-known risk factors for the future development of psychiatric disorders. Such influence might become manifested during childhood and adolescence, as key periods for brain and behavioral changes. Internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescence have been associated with the risk of psychiatric onset later in life. Both brain morphology and behavior seem to be affected by obstetric complications, but a clear link among these three aspects is missing. Here, we aimed at analyzing the association between prenatal and perinatal complications, behavioral issues, and brain volumes in a group of children and adolescents. Eighty-two children and adolescents with emotional-behavioral problems underwent clinical and 3 T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments. The former included information on behavior, through the Child Behavior Checklist/6-18 (CBCL/6-18), and on the occurrence of obstetric complications. The relationships between clinical and gray matter volume (GMV) measures were investigated through multiple generalized linear models and mediation models. We found a mutual link between prenatal complications, GMV alterations in the frontal gyrus, and withdrawn problems. Specifically, complications during pregnancy were associated with higher CBCL/6-18 withdrawn scores and GMV reductions in the right superior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex. Finally, a mediation effect of these GMV measures on the association between prenatal complications and the withdrawn dimension was identified. Our findings suggest a key role of obstetric complications in affecting brain structure and behavior. For the first time, a mediator role of frontal GMV in the relationship between prenatal complications and internalizing symptoms was suggested. Once replicated on independent cohorts, this evidence will have relevant implications for planning preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pigoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Social and Affective Neuroscience Group, MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Elisa Fontana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Bianchi
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea", Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
| | - Maddalena Mauri
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea", Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
| | - Monica Bellina
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea", Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
| | - Rossano Girometti
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- University Hospital S. Maria Della Misericordia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Nivedita Agarwal
- Neuroimaging Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea", Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea", Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Santonocito R, Paladino L, Vitale AM, D’Amico G, Zummo FP, Pirrotta P, Raccosta S, Manno M, Accomando S, D’Arpa F, Carini F, Barone R, Rappa F, Marino Gammazza A, Bucchieri F, Cappello F, Caruso Bavisotto C. Nanovesicular Mediation of the Gut-Brain Axis by Probiotics: Insights into Irritable Bowel Syndrome. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:296. [PMID: 38785778 PMCID: PMC11117693 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbiosis, influenced by poor diet or stress, is associated with various systemic diseases. Probiotic supplements are recognized for stabilizing gut microbiota and alleviating gastrointestinal issues, like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study focused on the tryptophan pathways, which are important for the regulation of serotonin levels, and on host physiology and behavior regulation. METHODS Nanovesicles were isolated from the plasma of subjects with chronic diarrhea, both before and after 60 days of consuming a probiotic mix (Acronelle®, Bromatech S.r.l., Milan, Italy). These nanovesicles were assessed for the presence of Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO 2). Furthermore, the probiotics mix, in combination with H2O2, was used to treat HT29 cells to explore its cytoprotective and anti-stress effect. RESULTS In vivo, levels of TDO 2 in nanovesicles were enhanced in the blood after probiotic treatment, suggesting a role in the gut-brain axis. In the in vitro model, a typical H2O2-induced stress effect occurred, which the probiotics mix was able to recover, showing a cytoprotective effect. The probiotics mix treatment significantly reduced the heat shock protein 60 kDa levels and was able to preserve intestinal integrity and barrier function by restoring the expression and redistribution of tight junction proteins. Moreover, the probiotics mix increased the expression of TDO 2 and serotonin receptors. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the gut-brain axis mediation by nanovesicles, influencing central nervous system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Santonocito
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Letizia Paladino
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Alessandra Maria Vitale
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Giuseppa D’Amico
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Zummo
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Paolo Pirrotta
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Samuele Raccosta
- Cell-Tech Hub, Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Mauro Manno
- Cell-Tech Hub, Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (S.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Salvatore Accomando
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Childcare, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities “G D‘Alessandro”, PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesco D’Arpa
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, DICHIRONS, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Carini
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Rosario Barone
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (R.S.); (L.P.); (A.M.V.); (G.D.); (F.P.Z.); (F.C.); (R.B.); (F.R.); (A.M.G.); (F.B.); or (F.C.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
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Merchak AR, Wachamo S, Brown LC, Thakur A, Moreau B, Brown RM, Rivet-Noor CR, Raghavan T, Gaultier A. Lactobacillus from the Altered Schaedler Flora maintain IFNγ homeostasis to promote behavioral stress resilience. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:458-469. [PMID: 37924959 PMCID: PMC10842688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome consists of trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that inhabit the digestive tract. These communities are sensitive to disruption from environmental exposures ranging from diet changes to illness. Disruption of the community of lactic acid producing bacteria, Lactobaccillacea, has been well documented in mood disorders and stress exposure. In fact, oral supplement with many Lactobacillus species can ameliorate these effects, preventing depression- and anxiety-like behavior. Here, we utilize a gnotobiotic mouse colonized with the Altered Schaedler Flora to remove the two native species of Lactobaccillacea: L. intestinalis and L. murinus. Using this microbial community, we found that the Lactobacillus species themselves, and not the disrupted microbial communities are protective from environmental stressors. Further, we determine that Lactobaccillacea are maintaining homeostatic IFNγ levels which are mediating these behavioral and circuit level responses. By utilizing the Altered Schaedler Flora, we have gained new insight into how probiotics influence behavior and provide novel methods to study potential therapies to treat mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Merchak
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Samuel Wachamo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lucille C Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alisha Thakur
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brett Moreau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ryan M Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Courtney R Rivet-Noor
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tula Raghavan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alban Gaultier
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Merchak AR, Wachamo S, Brown LC, Thakur A, Moreau B, Brown RM, Rivet-Noor C, Raghavan T, Gaultier A. Lactobacillus maintains IFNγ homeostasis to promote behavioral stress resilience. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.10.540223. [PMID: 37214985 PMCID: PMC10197651 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.10.540223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome consists of the trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that inhabit the digestive tract. These communities are sensitive to disruption from environmental exposures ranging from diet changes to illness. Disruption of the community of lactic acid producing bacteria, Lactobaccillacea , has been well documented in mood disorders and stress exposure. In fact, oral supplement with many Lactobacillus species can ameliorate these effects, preventing depression- and anxiety-like behavior. Here, for the first time, we utilize a gnotobiotic mouse colonized with the Altered Schaedler Flora to remove the two native species of Lactobaccillacea . Using this novel microbial community, we found that the Lactobacillus species themselves, and not the disrupted microbial communities are protective from environmental stressors. Further, we determine that Lactobaccillacea are maintaining homeostatic IFNγ levels which are mediating these behavioral and circuit level responses. By utilizing the Altered Schaedler Flora, we have gained new insight into how probiotics influence behavior and give novel methods to study potential therapies developed to treat mood disorders.
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