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Rampon C, Volovitch M, Joliot A, Vriz S. Hydrogen Peroxide and Redox Regulation of Developments. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E159. [PMID: 30404180 PMCID: PMC6262372 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were originally classified as exclusively deleterious compounds, have gained increasing interest in the recent years given their action as bona fide signalling molecules. The main target of ROS action is the reversible oxidation of cysteines, leading to the formation of disulfide bonds, which modulate protein conformation and activity. ROS, endowed with signalling properties, are mainly produced by NADPH oxidases (NOXs) at the plasma membrane, but their action also involves a complex machinery of multiple redox-sensitive protein families that differ in their subcellular localization and their activity. Given that the levels and distribution of ROS are highly dynamic, in part due to their limited stability, the development of various fluorescent ROS sensors, some of which are quantitative (ratiometric), represents a clear breakthrough in the field and have been adapted to both ex vivo and in vivo applications. The physiological implication of ROS signalling will be presented mainly in the frame of morphogenetic processes, embryogenesis, regeneration, and stem cell differentiation. Gain and loss of function, as well as pharmacological strategies, have demonstrated the wide but specific requirement of ROS signalling at multiple stages of these processes and its intricate relationship with other well-known signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rampon
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75231 Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, Biology Department, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France.
| | - Michel Volovitch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75231 Paris, France.
- École Normale Supérieure, Department of Biology, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Alain Joliot
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75231 Paris, France.
| | - Sophie Vriz
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, 75231 Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, Biology Department, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France.
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2
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Bosch PJ, Fuller LC, Weiner JA. An essential role for the nuclear protein Akirin2 in mouse limb interdigital tissue regression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12240. [PMID: 30116001 PMCID: PMC6095873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of interdigital tissue regression requires the interplay of multiple spatiotemporally-controlled morphogen gradients to ensure proper limb formation and release of individual digits. Disruption to this process can lead to a number of limb abnormalities, including syndactyly. Akirins are highly conserved nuclear proteins that are known to interact with chromatin remodelling machinery at gene enhancers. In mammals, the analogue Akirin2 is essential for embryonic development and critical for a wide variety of roles in immune function, meiosis, myogenesis and brain development. Here we report a critical role for Akirin2 in the regulation of interdigital tissue regression in the mouse limb. Knockout of Akirin2 in limb epithelium leads to a loss of interdigital cell death and an increase in cell proliferation, resulting in retention of the interdigital web and soft-tissue syndactyly. This is associated with perdurance of Fgf8 expression in the ectoderm overlying the interdigital space. Our study supports a mechanism whereby Akirin2 is required for the downregulation of Fgf8 from the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) during limb development, and implies its requirement in signalling between interdigital mesenchymal cells and the AER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Bosch
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Leah C Fuller
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Joshua A Weiner
- Department of Biology and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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3
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Nishigori M, Yagi H, Mochiduki A, Minamino N. Multiomics approach to identify novel biomarkers for dilated cardiomyopathy: Proteome and transcriptome analyses of 4C30 dilated cardiomyopathy mouse model. Biopolymers 2016; 106:491-502. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Nishigori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yagi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Akikazu Mochiduki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute; Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Naoto Minamino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute; Suita Osaka Japan
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4
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Marinelli S, Nazio F, Tinari A, Ciarlo L, D'Amelio M, Pieroni L, Vacca V, Urbani A, Cecconi F, Malorni W, Pavone F. Schwann cell autophagy counteracts the onset and chronification of neuropathic pain. Pain 2014; 155:93-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Identification of proteins containing redox-sensitive thiols after PRDX1, PRDX3 and GCLC silencing and/or glucose oxidase treatment in Hepa 1–6 cells. J Proteomics 2012; 77:262-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Reales-Calderón JA, Martínez-Solano L, Martínez-Gomariz M, Nombela C, Molero G, Gil C. Sub-proteomic study on macrophage response to Candida albicans unravels new proteins involved in the host defense against the fungus. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4734-46. [PMID: 22342486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In previous proteomic studies on the response of murine macrophages against Candida albicans, many differentially expressed proteins involved in processes like inflammation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, stress response and metabolism were identified. In order to look for proteins important for the macrophage response, but in a lower concentration in the cell, 3 sub-cellular extracts were analyzed: cytosol, organelle/membrane and nucleus enriched fractions from RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed or not to C. albicans SC5314 for 3 h. The samples were studied using DIGE technology, and 17 new differentially expressed proteins were identified. This sub-cellular fractionation permitted the identification of 2 mitochondrion proteins, a membrane receptor, Galectin-3, and some ER related proteins, that are not easily detected in total cell extracts. Besides, the study of different fractions allowed us to detect, not only total increase in Galectin-3 protein amount, but its distinct allocation along the interaction. The identified proteins are involved in the pro-inflammatory and oxidative responses, immune response, unfolded protein response and apoptosis. Some of these processes increase the host response and others could be the effect of C. albicans resistance to phagocytosis. Thus, the sub-proteomic approach has been a very useful tool to identify new proteins involved in macrophage-fungus interaction. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translational Proteomics.
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Secretome Analysis of Skeletal Myogenesis Using SILAC and Shotgun Proteomics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2011; 2011:329467. [PMID: 22084683 PMCID: PMC3200090 DOI: 10.1155/2011/329467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myogenesis, the formation of skeletal muscle, is a multistep event that commences with myoblast proliferation, followed by cell-cycle arrest, and finally the formation of multinucleated myotubes via fusion of mononucleated myoblasts. Each step is orchestrated by well-documented intracellular factors, such as cytoplasmic signalling molecules and nuclear transcription factors. Regardless, the key step in getting a more comprehensive understanding of the regulation of myogenesis is to explore the extracellular factors that are capable of eliciting the downstream intracellular factors. This could further provide valuable insight into the acute cellular response to extrinsic cues in maintaining normal muscle development. In this paper, we survey the intracellular factors that respond to extracellular cues that are responsible for the cascades of events during myogenesis: myoblast proliferation, cell-cycle arrest of myoblasts, and differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes. This focus on extracellular perspective of muscle development illustrates our mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches to identify differentially expressed secreted factors during skeletal myogenesis.
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Ufer C, Wang CC, Borchert A, Heydeck D, Kuhn H. Redox control in mammalian embryo development. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:833-75. [PMID: 20367257 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of an embryo constitutes a complex choreography of regulatory events that underlies precise temporal and spatial control. Throughout this process the embryo encounters ever changing environments, which challenge its metabolism. Oxygen is required for embryogenesis but it also poses a potential hazard via formation of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). These metabolites are capable of modifying macromolecules (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) and altering their biological functions. On one hand, such modifications may have deleterious consequences and must be counteracted by antioxidant defense systems. On the other hand, ROS/RNS function as essential signal transducers regulating the cellular phenotype. In this context the combined maternal/embryonic redox homeostasis is of major importance and dysregulations in the equilibrium of pro- and antioxidative processes retard embryo development, leading to organ malformation and embryo lethality. Silencing the in vivo expression of pro- and antioxidative enzymes provided deeper insights into the role of the embryonic redox equilibrium. Moreover, novel mechanisms linking the cellular redox homeostasis to gene expression regulation have recently been discovered (oxygen sensing DNA demethylases and protein phosphatases, redox-sensitive microRNAs and transcription factors, moonlighting enzymes of the cellular redox homeostasis) and their contribution to embryo development is critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Ufer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin-Charité, Berlin, FR Germany
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9
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Pampaloni F, Stelzer EHK, Leicht S, Marcello M. Madin-Darby canine kidney cells are increased in aerobic glycolysis when cultured on flat and stiff collagen-coated surfaces rather than in physiological 3-D cultures. Proteomics 2010; 10:3394-413. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
Physiological cell death is a key mechanism that ensures appropriate development and maintenance of tissues and organs in multicellular organisms. Most structures in the vertebrate embryo exhibit defined areas of cell death at precise stages of development. In this regard the areas of interdigital cell death during limb development provide a paradigmatic model of massive cell death with an evident morphogenetic role in digit morphogenesis. Physiological cell death has been proposed to occur by apoptosis, cellular phenomena genetically controlled to orchestrate cell suicide following two main pathways, cytochrome C liberation from the mitochondria or activation of death receptors. Such pathways converge in the activation of cysteine proteases known as caspases, which execute the cell death program, leading to typical morphologic changes within the cell, termed apoptosis. According to these findings it would be expected that caspases loss of function experiments could cause inhibition of interdigital cell death promoting syndactyly phenotypes. A syndactyly phenotype is characterized by absence of digit freeing during development that, when caused by absence of interdigital cell death, is accompanied by the persistence of an interdigital membrane. However this situation has not been reported in any of the KO mice or chicken loss of function experiments ever performed. Moreover histological analysis of dying cells within the interdigit reveals the synchronic occurrence of different types of cell death. All these findings are indicative of caspase alternative and/or complementary mechanisms responsible for physiological interdigital cell death. Characterization of alternative cell death pathways is required to explain vertebrate morphogenesis. Today there is great interest in cell death via autophagy, which could substitute or act synergistically to the apoptotic pathway. Here we discuss what is known about physiological cell death in the developing interdigital tissue of vertebrate embryos, paying special attention to the avian species.
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Santos CXC, Tanaka LY, Wosniak J, Laurindo FRM. Mechanisms and implications of reactive oxygen species generation during the unfolded protein response: roles of endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductases, mitochondrial electron transport, and NADPH oxidase. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2409-27. [PMID: 19388824 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular mechanisms governing redox homeostasis likely involve their integration with other stresses. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggers complex adaptive or proapoptotic signaling defined as the unfolded protein response (UPR), involved in several pathophysiological processes. Since protein folding is highly redox-dependent, convergence between ER stress and oxidative stress has attracted interest. Evidence suggests that ROS production and oxidative stress are not only coincidental to ER stress, but are integral UPR components, being triggered by distinct types of ER stressors and contributing to support proapoptotic, as well as proadaptive UPR signaling. Thus, ROS generation can be upstream or downstream UPR targets and may display a UPR-specific plus a nonspecific component. Enzymatic mechanisms of ROS generation during UPR include: (a) Multiple thiol-disulfide exchanges involving ER oxidoreductases including flavooxidase Ero1 and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI); (b) Mitochondrial electron transport; (c) Nox4 NADPH oxidase complex, particularly Nox4. Understanding the roles of such mechanisms and how they interconnect with the UPR requires more investigation. Integration among such ROS sources may depend on Ca(2+) levels, ROS themselves, and PDI, which associates with NADPH oxidase and regulates its function. Oxidative stress may frequently integrate with a background of ER stress/UPR in several diseases; here we discuss a focus in the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célio X C Santos
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Paulo JA, Brucker WJ, Hawrot E. Proteomic analysis of an alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor interactome. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:1849-58. [PMID: 19714875 DOI: 10.1021/pr800731z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is well established as the principal high-affinity alpha-bungarotoxin-binding protein in the mammalian brain. We isolated carbachol-sensitive alpha-bungarotoxin-binding complexes from total mouse brain tissue by affinity immobilization followed by selective elution, and these proteins were fractionated by SDS-PAGE. The proteins in subdivided gel lane segments were tryptically digested, and the resulting peptides were analyzed by standard mass spectrometry. We identified 55 proteins in wild-type samples that were not present in comparable brain samples from alpha7 nAChR knockout mice that had been processed in a parallel fashion. Many of these 55 proteins are novel proteomic candidates for interaction partners of the alpha7 nAChR, and many are associated with multiple signaling pathways that may be implicated in alpha7 function in the central nervous system. The newly identified potential protein interactions, together with the general methodology that we introduce for alpha-bungarotoxin-binding protein complexes, form a new platform for many interesting follow-up studies aimed at elucidating the physiological role of neuronal alpha7 nAChRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao A Paulo
- Graduate Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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13
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Function of reactive oxygen species during animal development: Passive or active? Dev Biol 2008; 320:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Garry MR, Kavanagh TJ, Faustman EM, Sidhu JS, Liao R, Ware C, Vliet PA, Deeb SS. Sensitivity of mouse lung fibroblasts heterozygous for GPx4 to oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1075-87. [PMID: 18206984 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 11/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPx4) is a member of the family of selenium-dependent enzymes that catalyze the reduction of cell membrane-bound phospholipid hydroperoxides in situ and thus protects against membrane damage. Overexpression of GPx4 protects cultured cells from phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH)-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and blocks cell death induced by treatment with various apoptotic agents. We have generated mice that are heterozygous for a GPx4 null allele (GPx4 +/-); the homozygous null genotype is embryonic lethal. We report that cultured lung fibroblasts (LFs) isolated from adult GPx4 +/- mice had approximately 50% of the GPx4 activity of LFs from GPx4 +/+ mice and were significantly more susceptible to H2O2, cadmium, and cumene hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity, as measured by neutral red assay. Both GPx4 +/+ and GPx4 +/- LFs were susceptible to PCOOH-induced cytotoxicity at a high PCOOH concentration. We also found that GPx4 +/- LFs have lower mitochondrial membrane potential, greater cardiolipin oxidation, and lower amounts of reduced thiols relative to GPx4 +/+ LFs, but are more resistant than GPx4 +/+ LFs to further decrements in these endpoints following PCOOH treatment. These results suggest that adult lung fibroblasts deficient in GPx4 may have upregulated compensatory mechanisms to deal with the highly oxidized environment in which they developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Garry
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Daly KA, Lefévre C, Nicholas K, Deane E, Williamson P. Characterization and expression of Peroxiredoxin 1 in the neonatal tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 149:108-19. [PMID: 17913528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) is a ubiquitously expressed antioxidant with vital roles in basal metabolic functions. In addition PRDX1 is involved in cell differentiation and proliferation, apoptosis and innate immunity. In this study, we have characterized PRDX1 from the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). Tammar PRDX1 has high conservation of functional residues and motifs, and demonstrates a close homology with eutherian and vertebrate orthologues. Stimulation of adult tammar leukocytes with lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid suggests a role for PRDX1 in innate immune defences. PRDX1 expression in the organs of tammar pouch young was mildly elevated early in life possibly reflecting its role in basal metabolic processes. Later increases in PRDX1 expression correlated with functional maturation of several immune organs or with preparation for increased oxidative stress of emergence. The findings of the study are reflections of the complex integrated roles that PRDX1 has in regulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, cell differentiation and proliferation, and innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Daly
- Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species have been implicated in gametogenesis and embryo development in animals. As peroxiredoxins are now recognized as important protective antioxidant enzymes as well as modulators of hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling, we addressed here the putative role of this novel family of peroxidases in gamete maturation and during embryogenesis in mammals and insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Donnay
- Veterinary Unit, Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
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Schnabel D, Salas-Vidal E, Narváez V, Sánchez-Carbente MDR, Hernández-García D, Cuervo R, Covarrubias L. Expression and regulation of antioxidant enzymes in the developing limb support a function of ROS in interdigital cell death. Dev Biol 2006; 291:291-9. [PMID: 16445905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate limb development is a well-studied model of apoptosis; however, little is known about the intracellular molecules involved in activating the cell death machinery. We have shown that high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are present in the interdigital 'necrotic' tissue of mouse autopod, and that antioxidants can reduce cell death. Here, we determined the expression pattern of several antioxidant enzymes in order to establish their role in defining the areas with high ROS levels. We found that the genes encoding the superoxide dismutases and catalase are expressed in autopod, but they are downregulated in the interdigital regions at the time ROS levels increased and cell death was first detected. The possible role of superoxide and/or peroxide in activating cell death is supported by the protective effect of a superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic. Interestingly, we found that peroxidase activity and glutathione peroxidase-4 gene (Gpx4) expression were restricted to the non-apoptotic tissue (e.g., digits) of the developing autopod. Induction of cell death with retinoic acid caused an increase in ROS and decrease in peroxidase activity. Even more inhibition of glutathione peroxidase activity leads to cell death in the digits, suggesting that a decrease in antioxidant activity, likely due to Gpx4, caused an increase in ROS levels, thus triggering apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denhí Schnabel
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 510-3, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62250, México
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Wilhelm D, Huang E, Svingen T, Stanfield S, Dinnis D, Koopman P. Comparative proteomic analysis to study molecular events during gonad development in mice. Genesis 2006; 44:168-76. [PMID: 16604525 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.20200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sex determination represents a critical bifurcation in the road of embryonic development. It is based on a finely regulated network of gene activity, as well as protein-protein interactions and activation or silencing of signaling pathways. Despite the identification of a number of critical genes, many aspects of the molecular cascade that drives the differentiation of the embryonic gonad into either a testis or an ovary remain poorly understood. To identify new proteins involved in this cascade, we employed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to compare the protein expression profiles of fetal mouse testes and ovaries. Three proteins, hnRPA1, TRA1, and HSC71, were found to be expressed in a male-specific manner and this expression was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. Moreover, HSC71 was found to be hyperphosphorylated in male compared to female gonads, emphasizing the advantage of the proteomic approach in allowing the detection of posttranslational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Wilhelm
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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