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Goto A, Komura S, Kato K, Maki R, Hirakawa A, Tomita H, Hirata A, Yamada Y, Akiyama H. C-X-C domain ligand 14-mediated stromal cell-macrophage interaction as a therapeutic target for hand dermal fibrosis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1173. [PMID: 37980373 PMCID: PMC10657354 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dupuytren's contracture, a superficial dermal fibrosis, causes flexion contracture of the affected finger, impairing hand function. Specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms within genes in the Wnt signalling pathway are associated with the disease. However, the precise role of Wnt signalling dysregulation in the onset and progression of Dupuytren's contracture remains unclear. Here, using a fibrosis mouse model and clinical samples of human Dupuytren's contractures, we demonstrate that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in Tppp3-positive cells in the dermis of the paw is associated with the development of fibrosis. Fibrosis development and progression via Wnt/β-catenin signalling are closely related to stromal cell-macrophage interactions, and Wnt/β-catenin signalling activation in Tppp3-positive stromal cells causes M2 macrophage infiltration via chemokine Cxcl14, resulting in the formation of a TGF-β-expressing fibrotic niche. Inhibition of Cxcl14 mitigates fibrosis by decreasing macrophage infiltration. These findings suggest that Cxcl14-mediated stromal cell-macrophage interaction is a promising therapeutic target for Wnt/β-catenin-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Goto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shingo Komura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Koki Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Rie Maki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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2
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Loder S, Patel N, Morgani S, Sambon M, Leucht P, Levi B. Genetic models for lineage tracing in musculoskeletal development, injury, and healing. Bone 2023; 173:116777. [PMID: 37156345 PMCID: PMC10860167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal development and later post-natal homeostasis are highly dynamic processes, marked by rapid structural and functional changes across very short periods of time. Adult anatomy and physiology are derived from pre-existing cellular and biochemical states. Consequently, these early developmental states guide and predict the future of the system as a whole. Tools have been developed to mark, trace, and follow specific cells and their progeny either from one developmental state to the next or between circumstances of health and disease. There are now many such technologies alongside a library of molecular markers which may be utilized in conjunction to allow for precise development of unique cell 'lineages'. In this review, we first describe the development of the musculoskeletal system beginning as an embryonic germ layer and at each of the key developmental stages that follow. We then discuss these structures in the context of adult tissues during homeostasis, injury, and repair. Special focus is given in each of these sections to the key genes involved which may serve as markers of lineage or later in post-natal tissues. We then finish with a technical assessment of lineage tracing and the techniques and technologies currently used to mark cells, tissues, and structures within the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Loder
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Scaife Hall, Suite 6B, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nicole Patel
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Levi
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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3
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Yea JH, Gomez-Salazar M, Onggo S, Li Z, Thottappillil N, Cherief M, Negri S, Xing X, Qin Q, Tower RJ, Fan CM, Levi B, James AW. Tppp3 + synovial/tendon sheath progenitor cells contribute to heterotopic bone after trauma. Bone Res 2023; 11:39. [PMID: 37479686 PMCID: PMC10361999 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological process resulting in aberrant bone formation and often involves synovial lined tissues. During this process, mesenchymal progenitor cells undergo endochondral ossification. Nonetheless, the specific cell phenotypes and mechanisms driving this process are not well understood, in part due to the high degree of heterogeneity of the progenitor cells involved. Here, using a combination of lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we investigated the extent to which synovial/tendon sheath progenitor cells contribute to heterotopic bone formation. For this purpose, Tppp3 (tubulin polymerization-promoting protein family member 3)-inducible reporter mice were used in combination with either Scx (Scleraxis) or Pdgfra (platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha) reporter mice. Both tendon injury- and arthroplasty-induced mouse experimental HO models were utilized. ScRNA-seq of tendon-associated traumatic HO suggested that Tppp3 is an early progenitor cell marker for either tendon or osteochondral cells. Upon HO induction, Tppp3 reporter+ cells expanded in number and partially contributed to cartilage and bone formation in either tendon- or joint-associated HO. In double reporter animals, both Pdgfra+Tppp3+ and Pdgfra+Tppp3- progenitor cells gave rise to HO-associated cartilage. Finally, analysis of human samples showed a substantial population of TPPP3-expressing cells overlapping with osteogenic markers in areas of heterotopic bone. Overall, these data demonstrate that synovial/tendon sheath progenitor cells undergo aberrant osteochondral differentiation and contribute to HO after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Yea
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mario Gomez-Salazar
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sharon Onggo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Masnsen Cherief
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stefano Negri
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology of the University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Qizhi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Robert Joel Tower
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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4
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Oláh J, Lehotzky A, Szénási T, Berki T, Ovádi J. Modulatory Role of TPPP3 in Microtubule Organization and Its Impact on Alpha-Synuclein Pathology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193025. [PMID: 36230985 PMCID: PMC9564178 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is characterized by locomotion deficits, dopaminergic neuronal loss and alpha-synuclein (SYN) aggregates; the Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP/p25 or TPPP1) is also implicated in these processes. The moonlighting and chameleon TPPP1 modulates the dynamics/stability of the multifunctional microtubule network by promoting its acetylation and bundling. Previously, we identified the microtubule-associated TPPP3, a homologue of TPPP1 lacking its N-terminus; however, its involvement in physiological or pathological processes was not elucidated. In this work, we have shown the modulatory role of TPPP3, similarly to TPPP1, in microtubule organization, as well as its homo- and hetero-associations with TPPP1. TPPP3, in contrast to TPPP1, virtually does not bind to SYN; consequently, it does not promote SYN aggregation. Its anti-aggregative potency is achieved by counteracting the formation of the TPPP1–SYN pathological complex/aggregation leading to Parkinsonism. The interactions of TPPP3 have been determined and quantified in vitro with recombinant human proteins, cell extracts and in living human cells using different methods including bifunctional fluorescence complementation. The tight association of TPPP3 with TPPP1, but not with SYN, may ensure a unique mechanism for its inhibitory effect. TPPP3 or its selected fragments may become a leading agent for developing anti-Parkinson agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Oláh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (J.O.); (J.O.); Tel.: +36-1-3826-742 (J.O.); +36-1-3826-714 (J.O.)
| | - Attila Lehotzky
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Szénási
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Ovádi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (J.O.); (J.O.); Tel.: +36-1-3826-742 (J.O.); +36-1-3826-714 (J.O.)
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5
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Tachibana N, Chijimatsu R, Okada H, Oichi T, Taniguchi Y, Maenohara Y, Miyahara J, Ishikura H, Iwanaga Y, Arino Y, Nagata K, Nakamoto H, Kato S, Doi T, Matsubayashi Y, Oshima Y, Terashima A, Omata Y, Yano F, Maeda S, Ikegawa S, Seki M, Suzuki Y, Tanaka S, Saito T. RSPO2 defines a distinct undifferentiated progenitor in the tendon/ligament and suppresses ectopic ossification. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2138. [PMID: 35984875 PMCID: PMC9390986 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic endochondral ossification in the tendon/ligament is caused by repetitive mechanical overload or inflammation. Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) contribute to tissue repair, and some express lubricin [proteoglycan 4 (PRG4)]. However, the mechanisms of ectopic ossification and association of TSPCs are not yet known. Here, we investigated the characteristics of Prg4-positive (+) cells and identified that R-spondin 2 (RSPO2), a WNT activator, is specifically expressed in a distinct Prg4+ TSPC cluster. The Rspo2+ cluster was characterized as mostly undifferentiated, and RSPO2 overexpression suppressed ectopic ossification in a mouse Achilles tendon puncture model via chondrogenic differentiation suppression. RSPO2 expression levels in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament were lower than those in spondylosis patients, and RSPO2 protein suppressed chondrogenic differentiation of human ligament cells. RSPO2 was induced by inflammatory stimulation and mechanical loading via nuclear factor κB. Rspo2+ cells may contribute to tendon/ligament homeostasis under pathogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Tachibana
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Chijimatsu
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oichi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Taniguchi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Maenohara
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Miyahara
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Ishikura
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Iwanaga
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Arino
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosei Nagata
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamoto
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - So Kato
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Doi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsubayashi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Oshima
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Terashima
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Omata
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Yano
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Bone and Joint Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Systems Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Omoto T, Yimiti D, Sanada Y, Toriyama M, Ding C, Hayashi Y, Ikuta Y, Nakasa T, Ishikawa M, Sano M, Lee M, Akimoto T, Shukunami C, Miyaki S, Adachi N. Tendon-Specific Dicer Deficient Mice Exhibit Hypoplastic Tendon Through the Downregulation of Tendon-Related Genes and MicroRNAs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898428. [PMID: 35784484 PMCID: PMC9241168 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon is a fibrous connective tissue, that is, transmitting the forces that permit body movement. However, tendon/ligament biology is still not fully understood and especially, the role of miRNAs in tendon/ligament is sparse and uncharacterized in in vivo models. The objectives of this study were to address the function of DICER using mice with tendon/ligament-specific deletion of Dicer (Dicer conditional knockout; cKO), and to identify key miRNAs in tendon/ligament. Dicer cKO mice exhibited hypoplastic tendons through structurally abnormal collagen fibrils with downregulation of tendon-related genes. The fragility of tendon did not significantly affect the tensile strength of tendon in Dicer cKO mice, but they showed larger dorsiflexion angle in gait compared with Control mice. We identified two miRNAs, miR-135a and miR-1247, which were highly expressed in the Achilles tendon of Control mice and were downregulated in the Achilles tendon of Dicer cKO mice compared with Control mice. miR-135a mimic increased the expression of tendon-related genes in injured Achilles tendon-derived fibroblasts. In this study, Dicer cKO mice exhibited immature tendons in which collagen fibrils have small diameter with the downregulation of tendon-related genes such as transcriptional factor, extracellular matrix, and miRNAs. Thus, DICER plays an important role in tendon maturation, and miR-135a may have the potential to become key miRNA for tendon maturation and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takenori Omoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Dilimulati Yimiti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Sanada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Minoru Toriyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chenyang Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuta Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Traumatology and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasunari Ikuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakasa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Artificial Joints and Biomaterials, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sano
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Minjung Lee
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Chisa Shukunami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shigeru Miyaki,
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Zhang X, Shi M, Zhao X, Bin E, Hu Y, Tang N, Dai H, Wang C. Telomere shortening impairs alveolar regeneration. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13211. [PMID: 35274784 PMCID: PMC9055893 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Short telomeres in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells have been associated with many lung diseases. The study aimed to investigate the regeneration capacity of AT2 cells with short telomeres by knocking out Tert in mice (G4 Tert−/−) from the whole to the cellular level. Materials and Methods The lung injury model of mice was established by left pneumonectomy (PNX). The proliferation and differentiation of AT2 cells were observed by immunofluorescence staining in vivo and in vitro. The difference of the gene expression between control and G4 Tert−/− group during the regeneration of AT2 cells was compared by RNA sequencing. The expression of tubulin polymerization promoting protein 3 (TPPP3) was reduced by adeno‐associated virus delivery. Results The alveolar regeneration in G4 Tert−/− mice was impaired after PNX‐induced lung injury. The regulation of cytoskeleton remodelling was defective in G4 Tert−/− AT2 cells. The expression of TPPP3 was gradually increased during AT2 cell differentiation. The expression level of TPPP3 was reduced in G4 Tert−/− AT2 cells. Reducing TPPP3 expression in AT2 cells limits the microtubule remodelling and differentiation of AT2 cells. Conclusion Short telomeres in AT2 cells result in the reduced expression level of TPPP3, leading to impaired regeneration capacity of AT2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengting Shi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ennan Bin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology & Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Tang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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He P, Ruan D, Huang Z, Wang C, Xu Y, Cai H, Liu H, Fei Y, Heng BC, Chen W, Shen W. Comparison of Tendon Development Versus Tendon Healing and Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:821667. [PMID: 35141224 PMCID: PMC8819183 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.821667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon is a vital connective tissue in human skeletal muscle system, and tendon injury is very common and intractable in clinic. Tendon development and repair are two closely related but still not fully understood processes. Tendon development involves multiple germ layer, as well as the regulation of diversity transcription factors (Scx et al.), proteins (Tnmd et al.) and signaling pathways (TGFβ et al.). The nature process of tendon repair is roughly divided in three stages, which are dominated by various cells and cell factors. This review will describe the whole process of tendon development and compare it with the process of tendon repair, focusing on the understanding and recent advances in the regulation of tendon development and repair. The study and comparison of tendon development and repair process can thus provide references and guidelines for treatment of tendon injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dengfeng Ruan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zizhan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Canlong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honglu Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengzhi Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Fei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School of Stomatology, Bejing, China
| | - Weishan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weishan Chen, ; Weiliang Shen,
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weishan Chen, ; Weiliang Shen,
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9
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Couasnay G, Madel MB, Lim J, Lee B, Elefteriou F. Sites of Cre-recombinase activity in mouse lines targeting skeletal cells. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1661-1679. [PMID: 34278610 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Cre/Lox system is a powerful tool in the biologist's toolbox, allowing loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies, as well as lineage tracing, through gene recombination in a tissue-specific and inducible manner. Evidence indicates, however, that Cre transgenic lines have a far more nuanced and broader pattern of Cre activity than initially thought, exhibiting "off-target" activity in tissues/cells other than the ones they were originally designed to target. With the goal of facilitating the comparison and selection of optimal Cre lines to be used for the study of gene function, we have summarized in a single manuscript the major sites and timing of Cre activity of the main Cre lines available to target bone mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, tenocytes, and osteoclasts, along with their reported sites of "off-target" Cre activity. We also discuss characteristics, advantages, and limitations of these Cre lines for users to avoid common risks related to overinterpretation or misinterpretation based on the assumption of strict cell-type specificity or unaccounted effect of the Cre transgene or Cre inducers. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Greig Couasnay
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Joohyun Lim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Li Y, Wu T, Liu S. Identification and Distinction of Tenocytes and Tendon-Derived Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629515. [PMID: 33937230 PMCID: PMC8085586 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Restoring the normal structure and function of injured tendons is one of the biggest challenges in orthopedics and sports medicine department. The discovery of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) provides a novel perspective to treat tendon injuries, which is expected to be an ideal seed cell to promote tendon repair and regeneration. Because of the lack of specific markers, the identification of tenocytes and TDSCs has not been conclusive in the in vitro study of tendons. In addition, the morphology of tendon derived cells is similar, and the comparison and identification of tenocytes and TDSCs are insufficient, which causes some obstacles to the in vitro study of tendon. In this review, the characteristics of tenocytes and TDSCs are summarized and compared based on some existing research results (mainly in terms of biomarkers), and a potential marker selection for identification is suggested. It is of profound significance to further explore the mechanism of biomarkers in vivo and to find more specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuange Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Bobzin L, Roberts RR, Chen HJ, Crump JG, Merrill AE. Development and maintenance of tendons and ligaments. Development 2021; 148:239823. [PMID: 33913478 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tendons and ligaments are fibrous connective tissues vital to the transmission of force and stabilization of the musculoskeletal system. Arising in precise regions of the embryo, tendons and ligaments share many properties and little is known about the molecular differences that differentiate them. Recent studies have revealed heterogeneity and plasticity within tendon and ligament cells, raising questions regarding the developmental mechanisms regulating tendon and ligament identity. Here, we discuss recent findings that contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms that establish and maintain tendon progenitors and their differentiated progeny in the head, trunk and limb. We also review the extent to which these findings are specific to certain anatomical regions and model organisms, and indicate which findings similarly apply to ligaments. Finally, we address current research regarding the cellular lineages that contribute to tendon and ligament repair, and to what extent their regulation is conserved within tendon and ligament development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bobzin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ryan R Roberts
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hung-Jhen Chen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - J Gage Crump
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Amy E Merrill
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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12
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Huang Z, Yin Z, Xu J, Fei Y, Heng BC, Jiang X, Chen W, Shen W. Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cell Subpopulations and Their Implications in Tendon Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:631272. [PMID: 33681210 PMCID: PMC7930382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.631272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon harbors a cell population that possesses stem cell characteristics such as clonogenicity, multipotency and self-renewal capacity, commonly referred to as tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). Various techniques have been employed to study how TSPCs are implicated in tendon development, homeostasis and healing. Recent advances in single-cell analysis have enabled much progress in identifying and characterizing distinct subpopulations of TSPCs, which provides a more comprehensive view of TSPCs function in tendon biology. Understanding the mechanisms of physiological and pathological processes regulated by TSPCs, especially a particular subpopulation, would greatly benefit treatment of diseased tendons. Here, we summarize the current scientific literature on the various subpopulations of TSPCs, and discuss how TSPCs can contribute to tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis, as well as examine the key modulatory signaling pathways that determine stem/progenitor cell state. A better understanding of the roles that TSPCs play in tendon biology may facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies for tendon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Yin
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Fei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- School of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesheng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China
| | - Weishan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Dr. Li Dak Sum and Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
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13
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Characterization of the structure, vascularity, and stem/progenitor cell populations in porcine Achilles tendon (PAT). Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:367-387. [PMID: 33496880 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize porcine Achilles tendon (PAT) in terms of its structural components, vascularity, and resident tendon cells. We found that PAT is composed of a paratenon sheath, a core of fascicles, and an endotenon/interfascicular matrix (IFM) that encases the fascicle bundles. We analyzed each of these three tendon components structurally using tissue sections and by isolating cells from each component and analyzing in vitro. Many blood vessel-like tissues were present in the paratenon and IFM but not in fascicles, and the vessels in the paratenon and IFM appeared to be inter-connected. Cells isolated from the paratenon and IFM displayed characteristics of vascular stem/progenitor cells expressing the markers CD105, CD31, with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) localized surrounding blood vessels. The isolated cells from paratenon and IFM also harbored abundant stem/progenitor cells as evidenced by their ability to form colonies and express stem cell markers including CD73 and CD146. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both paratenon and IFM-isolated cells were capable of undergoing multi-differentiation. In addition, both paratenon and IFM cells expressed elastin, osteocalcin, tubulin polymerization promoting protein (TPPP), and collagen IV, whereas fascicle cells expressed none of these markers, except collagen I. The neurotransmitter substance P (SP) was also found in the paratenon and IFM-localized surrounding blood vessels. The findings of this study will help us to better understand the vascular and cellular mechanisms of tendon homeostasis, injury, healing, and regeneration.
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14
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Bian Q, Cheng YH, Wilson JP, Su EY, Kim DW, Wang H, Yoo S, Blackshaw S, Cahan P. A single cell transcriptional atlas of early synovial joint development. Development 2020; 147:dev.185777. [PMID: 32580935 DOI: 10.1242/dev.185777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synovial joint development begins with the formation of the interzone, a region of condensed mesenchymal cells at the site of the prospective joint. Recently, lineage-tracing strategies have revealed that Gdf5-lineage cells native to and from outside the interzone contribute to most, if not all, of the major joint components. However, there is limited knowledge of the specific transcriptional and signaling programs that regulate interzone formation and fate diversification of synovial joint constituents. To address this, we have performed single cell RNA-Seq analysis of 7329 synovial joint progenitor cells from the developing murine knee joint from E12.5 to E15.5. By using a combination of computational analytics, in situ hybridization and in vitro characterization of prospectively isolated populations, we have identified the transcriptional profiles of the major developmental paths for joint progenitors. Our freely available single cell transcriptional atlas will serve as a resource for the community to uncover transcriptional programs and cell interactions that regulate synovial joint development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Bian
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Yu-Hao Cheng
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Jordan P Wilson
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily Y Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Sooyeon Yoo
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21205, USA
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15
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Ren Q, Hou Y, Li X, Fan X. Silence of TPPP3 suppresses cell proliferation, invasion and migration via inactivating NF-κB/COX2 signal pathway in breast cancer cell. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:773-781. [PMID: 32515139 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant phenotypes are leading causes of death in patients with breast cancer (BC). Previously, it has been proved that tubulin polymerization promoting protein 3 (TPPP3) participates in cell progressions in several human cancers. Little is known about the functions of TPPP3 in BC. Herein, we detected the expression of TPPP3 in 54 clinical BC tissues and two BC cell lines by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. CCK-8, wound healing, colony formation and Transwell assays were used to assess cell proliferation, clone formation, invasion and migration of MCF-7 and T47D cells after transfection with TPPP3 siRNA. Meanwhile, related-proteins expression was detected using Western blot. TPPP3 was found to be highly expressed in the tissues from the patients with BC. Poor outcomes were associated with the high expression of TPPP3 in all patients with BC. When MCF-7 and T47D cells receiving TPPP3 siRNA transfection, the capacities of proliferation, clone formation, invasion and migration were suppressed and the expression of MMP-2/-9 and NF-κB p65/COX2 was notably reduced. The dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that the promoter regions of NF-κB p65 could combine to TPPP3. Overall, the present study demonstrated that TPPP3 played a significant role in BC, and its inhibition lead to the suppression of NF-κB/COX-2 signalling pathway along with the reduction of malignant phenotypes. SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS STUDY: Previously, it has been proved that tubulin polymerization promoting protein 3 (TPPP3) participates in cell progression in several human cancers. Little is known about the function of TPPP3 in BC. Our study was the first direct evidence to support the role of TPPP3 in tumorigenesis and metastasis of BC. Although the underlying mechanism has not been fully delineated, these findings suggested that TPPP3 was an important factor in the tumour progression and metastasis of BC cells and provided a molecular basis for potential therapeutic implications in the treatment of patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Ren
- Department of Pathology, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Yugui Hou
- Department of Pathology, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Pathology, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Xiaoe Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jincheng People's Hospital, Shanxi Province, China
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Titan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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17
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Oláh J, Lehotzky A, Szunyogh S, Szénási T, Orosz F, Ovádi J. Microtubule-Associated Proteins with Regulatory Functions by Day and Pathological Potency at Night. Cells 2020; 9:E357. [PMID: 32033023 PMCID: PMC7072251 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensing, integrating, and coordinating features of the eukaryotic cells are achieved by the complex ultrastructural arrays and multifarious functions of the cytoskeleton, including the microtubule network. Microtubules play crucial roles achieved by their decoration with proteins/enzymes as well as by posttranslational modifications. This review focuses on the Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP/p25), a new microtubule associated protein, on its "regulatory functions by day and pathological functions at night". Physiologically, the moonlighting TPPP/p25 modulates the dynamics and stability of the microtubule network by bundling microtubules and enhancing the tubulin acetylation due to the inhibition of tubulin deacetylases. The optimal endogenous TPPP/p25 level is crucial for its physiological functions, to the differentiation of oligodendrocytes, which are the major constituents of the myelin sheath. Pathologically, TPPP/p25 forms toxic oligomers/aggregates with α-synuclein in neurons and oligodendrocytes in Parkinson's disease and Multiple System Atrophy, respectively; and their complex is a potential therapeutic drug target. TPPP/p25-derived microtubule hyperacetylation counteracts uncontrolled cell division. All these issues reveal the anti-mitotic and α-synuclein aggregation-promoting potency of TPPP/p25, consistent with the finding that Parkinson's disease patients have reduced risk for certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Judit Ovádi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (J.O.); (A.L.); (S.S.); (T.S.); (F.O.)
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18
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A Tppp3 +Pdgfra + tendon stem cell population contributes to regeneration and reveals a shared role for PDGF signalling in regeneration and fibrosis. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1490-1503. [PMID: 31768046 PMCID: PMC6895435 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injuries cause prolonged disability and never recover completely. Current mechanistic understanding of tendon regeneration is limited. Here we use single cell transcriptomics to identify a tubulin polymerization-promoting protein family member 3-expressing (Tppp3+) cell population as potential tendon stem cells. Through inducible lineage tracing, we demonstrated that these cells can generate new tenocytes and self-renew upon injury. A fraction of Tppp3+ cells expresses platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdfgra). Ectopic platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA) protein induces new tenocyte production while inactivation of Pdgfra in Tppp3+ cells blocks tendon regeneration. These results support Tppp3+Pdgfra+ cells as tendon stem cells. Unexpectedly, Tppp3−Pdgfra+ fibro-adipogenic progenitors coexist in tendon stem cell niche and give rise to fibrotic cells, revealing a clandestine origin of fibrotic scars in healing tendons. Our results explain why fibrosis occurs in injured tendons and present clinical challenges to enhance tendon regeneration without a concurrent increase in fibrosis by PDGF application.
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19
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Cell-type dependent enhancer binding of the EWS/ATF1 fusion gene in clear cell sarcomas. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3999. [PMID: 31488818 PMCID: PMC6728361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma caused by the EWS/ATF1 fusion gene. Here, we established induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from EWS/ATF1-controllable murine CCS cells harboring sarcoma-associated genetic abnormalities. Sarcoma-iPSC mice develop secondary sarcomas immediately after EWS/ATF1 induction, but only in soft tissue. EWS/ATF1 expression induces oncogene-induced senescence in most cell types in sarcoma-iPSC mice but prevents it in sarcoma cells. We identify Tppp3-expressing cells in peripheral nerves as a cell-of-origin for these sarcomas. We show cell type-specific recruitment of EWS/ATF1 to enhancer regions in CCS cells. Finally, epigenetic silencing at these enhancers induces senescence and inhibits CCS cell growth through altered EWS/ATF1 binding. Together, we propose that distinct responses to premature senescence are the basis for the cell type-specificity of cancer development. The EWS-ATF1 fusion gene causes clear cell sarcoma (CCS). Here, the authors show that the downstream effects of EWS-ATF1 expression are strictly context dependent, and reveal the cell of origin for CCS to be Tppp3-expressing cells in peripheral nerves.
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20
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Walia B, Huang AH. Tendon stem progenitor cells: Understanding the biology to inform therapeutic strategies for tendon repair. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1270-1280. [PMID: 30270569 PMCID: PMC6823601 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendon and ligament injuries are a leading cause of healthcare visits with significant impact in terms of economic cost and reduced quality of life. To date, reparative strategies remain largely restricted to conservative treatment or surgical repair. However, these therapies fail to restore native tendon structure and function; thus, the tissue may re-rupture or degenerate with time. To improve tendon healing, one promising strategy may be harnessing the innate potential of resident tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) to guide tenogenic regeneration. In this review, we outline recent advances in the identification and characterization of putative TSPC populations, and discuss biochemical, biomechanical, and biomaterial methods employed for their culture and differentiation. Finally, we identify limitations in our current understanding of TSPC biology, key challenges for their use, and potential therapeutic strategies to inform cell-based tendon repair. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1270-1280, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavita Walia
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alice H. Huang
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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21
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Zhu F, Yan P, Zhang J, Cui Y, Zheng M, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Yang X, Guo X, Zhu H. Deficiency of TPPP2, a factor linked to oligoasthenozoospermia, causes subfertility in male mice. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2583-2594. [PMID: 30680919 PMCID: PMC6433727 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligoasthenozoospermia is a major cause of male infertility; however, its etiology and pathogenesis are unclear and may be associated with specific gene abnormalities. This study focused on Tppp2 (tubulin polymerization promoting protein family member 2), whose encoded protein localizes in elongating spermatids at stages IV‐VIII of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in testis and in mature sperm in the epididymis. In human and mouse sperm, in vitro inhibition of TPPP2 caused significantly decreased motility and ATP content. Studies on Tppp2 knockout (KO) mice demonstrated that deletion of TPPP2 resulted in male subfertility with a significantly decreased sperm count and motility. In Tppp2−/− mice, increased irregular mitochondria lacking lamellar cristae, abnormal expression of electron transfer chain molecules, lower ATP levels, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased apoptotic index were observed in sperm, which could be the potential causes for its oligoasthenozoospermia phenotype. Moreover, we identified a potential TPPP2‐interactive protein, eEf1b (eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta), which plays an important role in protein translation extension. Thus, TPPP2 is probably a potential pathogenic factor in oligoasthenozoospermia. Deficiency of TPPP2 might affect the translation of specific proteins, altering the structure and function of sperm mitochondria, and resulting in decreased sperm count, motility and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peipei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meimei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueshuai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Huang H, Xia Y, Yao Y, Mak AFT, Yung PSH, Chan KM, Wang L, Zhang C, Huang Y, Mak KKL. Osteocalcin expressing cells from tendon sheaths in mice contribute to tendon repair by activating Hedgehog signaling. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29244023 PMCID: PMC5731821 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Both extrinsic and intrinsic tissues contribute to tendon repair, but the origin and molecular functions of extrinsic tissues in tendon repair are not fully understood. Here we show that tendon sheath cells harbor stem/progenitor cell properties and contribute to tendon repair by activating Hedgehog signaling. We found that Osteocalcin (Bglap) can be used as an adult tendon-sheath-specific marker in mice. Lineage tracing experiments show that Bglap-expressing cells in adult sheath tissues possess clonogenic and multipotent properties comparable to those of stem/progenitor cells isolated from tendon fibers. Transplantation of sheath tissues improves tendon repair. Mechanistically, Hh signaling in sheath tissues is necessary and sufficient to promote the proliferation of Mkx-expressing cells in sheath tissues, and its action is mediated through TGFβ/Smad3 signaling. Furthermore, co-localization of GLI1+ and MKX+ cells is also found in human tendinopathy specimens. Our work reveals the molecular function of Hh signaling in extrinsic sheath tissues for tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xu Zhang
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Huihui Huang
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yin Xia
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - YiFei Yao
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Arthur Fuk-Tat Mak
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Kai-Ming Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Li Wang
- Neural, Vascular and Metabolic Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Neural, Vascular and Metabolic Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Huang
- Neural, Vascular and Metabolic Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Kingston King-Lun Mak
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Huang R, Chen M, Yang L, Wagle M, Guo S, Hu B. MicroRNA-133b Negatively Regulates Zebrafish Single Mauthner-Cell Axon Regeneration through Targeting tppp3 in Vivo. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:375. [PMID: 29209165 PMCID: PMC5702462 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration, fundamental to nerve repair, and functional recovery, relies on rapid changes in gene expression attributable to microRNA (miRNA) regulation. MiR-133b has been proved to play an important role in different organ regeneration in zebrafish, but its role in regulating axon regeneration in vivo is still controversial. Here, combining single-cell electroporation with a vector-based miRNA-expression system, we have modulated the expression of miR-133b in Mauthner-cells (M-cells) at the single-cell level in zebrafish. Through in vivo imaging, we show that overexpression of miR-133b inhibits axon regeneration, whereas down-regulation of miR-133b, promotes axon outgrowth. We further show that miR-133b regulates axon regeneration by directly targeting a novel regeneration-associated gene, tppp3, which belongs to Tubulin polymerization-promoting protein family. Gain or loss-of-function of tppp3 experiments indicated that tppp3 was a novel gene that could promote axon regeneration. In addition, we observed a reduction of mitochondrial motility, which have been identified to have a positive correlation with axon regeneration, in miR-133b overexpressed M-cells. Taken together, our work provides a novel way to study the role of miRNAs in individual cell and establishes a critical cell autonomous role of miR-133b in zebrafish M-cell axon regeneration. We propose that up-regulation of the newly founded regeneration-associated gene tppp3 may enhance axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchen Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Min Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Leiqing Yang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mahendra Wagle
- Programs in Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Su Guo
- Programs in Human Genetics and Biological Sciences, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bing Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Tammana D, Tammana TVS. Chlamydomonas FAP265 is a tubulin polymerization promoting protein, essential for flagellar reassembly and hatching of daughter cells from the sporangium. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185108. [PMID: 28931065 PMCID: PMC5607191 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin polymerization promoting proteins (TPPPs) belong to a family of neomorphic moon lighting proteins, involved in various physiological and pathological conditions. In physiological conditions, TPPPs play an important role in microtubule dynamics regulating mitotic spindle assembly and in turn cell proliferation. In pathological situations, TPPPs interact with α-synuclein and β-amyloid and promote their aggregation leading to Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy. Orthologs of TPPP family proteins were identified in ciliary proteomes from various organisms including Chlamydomonas but their role in ciliogenesis was not known. Here we showed that Flagellar Associated Protein, FAP265, a Chlamydomonas homologue of TPPP family proteins, localizes in the cytosol, at the basal bodies and in the flagella of vegetative Chlamydomonas cells. During cell division, the protein was found as a distinct spot in the nucleus and at the cleavage furrow which forms between the daughter cells. Further null mutants of Chlamydomonas FAP265 protein, fap265, showed severe defects in hatching from the mother sporangium. Daughter cells of fap265 were significantly larger in size compared with wild type cells. Moreover, the daughter cells present within the mother sporangium failed to form flagella before hatching. They reassembled their flagella only after hatching from the sporangium suggesting that FAP265 plays an important role in flagellar reassembly after cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damayanti Tammana
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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25
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Ye K, Li Y, Zhao W, Wu N, Liu N, Li R, Chen L, He M, Lu B, Wang X, Hu R. Knockdown of Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein Family Member 3 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion in human colorectal cancer. J Cancer 2017; 8:1750-1758. [PMID: 28819371 PMCID: PMC5556637 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein Family Member 3 (TPPP3), a member of the TPPP protein family, has been reported to play important roles in initiation and progression of human cancers. However, the expression and underlying function of TPPP3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not yet been fully clarified. In this study, the mRNA and protein levels of TPPP3 in 96 clinical CRC specimens were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The relation between TPPP3 expression and clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Further experiments showed that knockdown of TPPP3 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. In addition, TPPP3 silencing resulted in a decrease of angiogenesis and S phase fraction. Thus, our results suggested that TPPP3 played an important role in CRC progress and might serve as novel therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanping Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yintao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Naijia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Rumei Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Min He
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuanchun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Renming Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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26
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Oláh J, Szénási T, Szabó A, Kovács K, Lőw P, Štifanić M, Orosz F. Tubulin Binding and Polymerization Promoting Properties of Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Proteins Are Evolutionarily Conserved. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1017-1024. [PMID: 28106390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin polymerization promoting proteins (TPPPs) constitute a eukaryotic protein family. There are three TPPP paralogs in the human genome, denoted as TPPP1-TPPP3. TPPP1 and TPPP3 are intrinsically unstructured proteins (IUPs) that bind and polymerize tubulin and stabilize microtubules, but TPPP2 does not. Vertebrate TPPPs originated from the ancient invertebrate TPPP by two-round whole-genome duplication; thus, whether the tubulin/microtubule binding function of TPPP1 and TPPP3 is a newly acquired property or was present in the invertebrate orthologs (generally one TPPP per species) has been an open question. To answer this question, we investigated a TPPP from a simple and early branching animal, the sponge Suberites domuncula. Bioinformatics, biochemical, immunochemical, spectroscopic, and electron microscopic data showed that the properties of the sponge protein correspond to those of TPPP1; namely, it is an IUP that strongly binds tubulin and induces its polymerization, proving that these features of animal TPPPs have been evolutionarily conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Oláh
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Tibor Szénási
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Adél Szabó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Kinga Kovács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőw
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Mauro Štifanić
- Department of Natural and Health Studies, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula , Zagrebačka 30, HR-52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Ferenc Orosz
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
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27
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Li Y, Xu Y, Ye K, Wu N, Li J, Liu N, He M, Lu B, Zhou W, Hu R. Knockdown of Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein Family Member 3 Suppresses Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2016; 7:1189-96. [PMID: 27390593 PMCID: PMC4934026 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that depletion of tubulin polymerization promoting protein family member 3 (TPPP3) inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of HeLa cells. However, the expression and roles of TPPP3 in cancers remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of TPPP3 in clinicopathological correlations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples by immunohistochemistry. TPPP3 expression was significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues, and high TPPP3 expression was positively associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and poor survival. Furthermore, knockdown of TPPP3 by shRNA significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. In addition, depletion of TPPP3 inhibited lung cancer growth in vivo in the xenografts of H1299 cells; this effect was accompanied by the suppression of Ki67 expression. Our data suggested that TPPP3 might act as an oncogene in NSCLC. TPPP3 warrants consideration as a therapeutic candidate with anti-tumor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yintao Li
- 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China; 2. Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yali Xu
- 3. Department of Pathology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Kuanping Ye
- 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- 4. Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Li
- 5. Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Naijia Liu
- 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Min He
- 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bin Lu
- 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenbai Zhou
- 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Renming Hu
- 1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Cyclic Tensile Strain Induces Tenogenic Differentiation of Tendon-Derived Stem Cells in Bioreactor Culture. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:790804. [PMID: 26229962 PMCID: PMC4502284 DOI: 10.1155/2015/790804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Different loading regimens of cyclic tensile strain impose different effects on cell proliferation and tenogenic differentiation of TDSCs in three-dimensional (3D) culture in vitro, which has been little reported in previous literatures. In this study we assessed the efficacy of TDSCs in a poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)/collagen (P(LLA-CL)/Col) scaffold under mechanical stimulation in the custom-designed 3D tensile bioreactor, which revealed that cyclic tensile strain with different frequencies (0.3 Hz, 0.5 Hz, and 1.0 Hz) and amplitudes (2%, 4%, and 8%) had no influence on TDSC viability, while it had different effects on the proliferation and the expression of type I collagen, tenascin-C, tenomodulin, and scleraxis of TDSCs, which was most obvious at 0.5 Hz frequency with the same amplitude and at 4% amplitude with the same frequency. Moreover, signaling pathway from microarray analysis revealed that reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction signaling initiated the tendon genius switch. Cyclic tensile strain highly upregulated genes encoding regulators of NPM1 and COPS5 transcriptional activities as well as MYC related transcriptional factors, which contributed to cell proliferation and differentiation. In particular, the transcriptome analysis provided certain new insights on the molecular and signaling networks for TDSCs loaded in these conditions.
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29
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Eyal S, Blitz E, Shwartz Y, Akiyama H, Schweitzer R, Zelzer E. On the development of the patella. Development 2015; 142:1831-9. [PMID: 25926361 DOI: 10.1242/dev.121970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current view of skeletal patterning fails to explain the formation of sesamoid bones. These small bones, which facilitate musculoskeletal function, are exceptionally embedded within tendons. Although their structural design has long puzzled researchers, only a limited model for sesamoid bone development has emerged. To date, sesamoids are thought to develop inside tendons in response to mechanical signals from the attaching muscles. However, this widely accepted model has lacked substantiation. Here, we show that, contrary to the current view, in the mouse embryo the patella initially develops as a bony process at the anteriodistal surface of the femur. Later, the patella is separated from the femur by a joint formation process that is regulated by mechanical load. Concurrently, the patella becomes superficially embedded within the quadriceps tendon. At the cellular level, we show that, similar to bone eminences, the patella is formed secondarily by a distinct pool of Sox9- and Scx-positive progenitor cells. Finally, we show that TGFβ signaling is necessary for the specification of patella progenitors, whereas the BMP4 pathway is required for their differentiation. These findings establish an alternative model for patella development and provide the mechanical and molecular mechanisms that underlie this process. More broadly, our finding that activation of a joint formation program can be used to switch between the formation of bony processes and of new auxiliary bones provides a new perspective on plasticity during skeletal patterning and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Eyal
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Genetics, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Einat Blitz
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Genetics, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yulia Shwartz
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Genetics, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Gifu University, Department of Orthopedics, Gifu City 501-1194, Japan
| | - Ronen Schweitzer
- Research Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Elazar Zelzer
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Genetics, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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30
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On the tubulin polymerization promoting proteins of zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 457:267-72. [PMID: 25576359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, Aoki et al. [15] have been published a paper (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 445 (2014) 357-362.) in which they identified possible downstream genes required for the extension of peripheral axons in primary sensory neurons of zebrafish. Tppp was claimed as one of them but, as I show, it is the tppp3-like gene, a paralog of tppp, which plays this role. There are three tppp paralogs in fishes: tppp1 (named also tppp), tppp3 and tppp3-like. Tppp1 and tppp3 are the orthologs of the corresponding human genes, however, the classification of the third one is ambiguous. It is known that the genomes of the early vertebrate lineage underwent two complete genome duplications, which result in the presence of several paralogs in vertebrates. A teleost fish specific third whole genome duplication also occurred. Thus the tppp3-like gene can be either an ortholog of human TPPP2 or a fourth paralog (tppp4) absent in tetrapods but present in fishes; finally a tppp3a gene which can be originated from the third, fish specific, whole genome duplication. Comparing the sequences of vertebrate and recently available lamprey tppps I show that the tppp3-like gene is a TPPP2 ortholog. Synteny data are in accordance with this suggestion.
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Swinehart IT, Schlientz AJ, Quintanilla CA, Mortlock DP, Wellik DM. Hox11 genes are required for regional patterning and integration of muscle, tendon and bone. Development 2013; 140:4574-82. [PMID: 24154528 DOI: 10.1242/dev.096693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Development of the musculoskeletal system requires precise integration of muscles, tendons and bones. The molecular mechanisms involved in the differentiation of each of these tissues have been the focus of significant research; however, much less is known about how these tissues are integrated into a functional unit appropriate for each body position and role. Previous reports have demonstrated crucial roles for Hox genes in patterning the axial and limb skeleton. Loss of Hox11 paralogous gene function results in dramatic malformation of limb zeugopod skeletal elements, the radius/ulna and tibia/fibula, as well as transformation of the sacral region to a lumbar phenotype. Utilizing a Hoxa11eGFP knock-in allele, we show that Hox11 genes are expressed in the connective tissue fibroblasts of the outer perichondrium, tendons and muscle connective tissue of the zeugopod region throughout all stages of development. Hox11 genes are not expressed in differentiated cartilage or bone, or in vascular or muscle cells in these regions. Loss of Hox11 genes disrupts regional muscle and tendon patterning of the limb in addition to affecting skeletal patterning. The tendon and muscle defects in Hox11 mutants are independent of skeletal patterning events as disruption of tendon and muscle patterning is observed in Hox11 compound mutants that do not have a skeletal phenotype. Thus, Hox genes are not simply regulators of skeletal morphology as previously thought, but are key factors that regulate regional patterning and integration of the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilea T Swinehart
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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32
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Juneja SC. Cellular distribution and gene expression profile during flexor tendon graft repair: A novel tissue engineering approach(*). J Tissue Eng 2013; 4:2041731413492741. [PMID: 23762501 PMCID: PMC3677358 DOI: 10.1177/2041731413492741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand scar and adhesion formation during postsurgical period of intrasynovial tendon graft healing, a murine model of flexor digitorum longus tendon graft repair was developed, by utilizing flexor digitorum longus tendon allograft from donor Rosa26/+ mouse, and the healing process at days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 post surgery of host wild-type mouse was followed. Using X-gal staining, β-galactosidase positive cells of allograft origin were detectable in tissue sections of grafted tendon post surgery. Graft healing was assessed for the cellular density, scar and adhesion formation, and their interaction with surrounding tissue. From histological analysis, it was evident that the healing of intrasynovial flexor digitorum longus tendon graft takes place in an interactive environment of donor graft, host tendon, and host surrounding tissue. A total of 32 genes, analyzed by RNA analysis, expressed during healing process. Particularly, Alk1, Postn, Tnc, Tppp3, and Mkx will be further investigated for therapeutical value in reducing scars and adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash C Juneja
- The Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA ; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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33
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Abstract
The introduction of the term ‘Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP)-like proteins’ is suggested. They constitute a eukaryotic protein superfamily, characterized by the presence of the p25alpha domain (Pfam05517, IPR008907), and named after the first identified member, TPPP/p25, exhibiting microtubule stabilizing function. TPPP-like proteins can be grouped on the basis of two characteristics: the length of their p25alpha domain, which can be long, short, truncated or partial, and the presence or absence of additional domain(s). TPPPs, in the strict sense, contain no other domains but one long or short p25alpha one (long- and short-type TPPPs, respectively). Proteins possessing truncated p25alpha domain are first described in this paper. They evolved from the long-type TPPPs and can be considered as arthropod-specific paralogs of long-type TPPPs. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the two groups (long-type and truncated TPPPs) split in the common ancestor of arthropods. Incomplete p25alpha domains can be found in multidomain TPPP-like proteins as well. The various subfamilies occur with a characteristic phyletic distribution: e. g., animal genomes/proteomes contain almost without exception long-type TPPPs; the multidomain apicortins occur almost exclusively in apicomplexan parasites. There are no data about the physiological function of these proteins except two human long-type TPPP paralogs which are involved in developmental processes of the brain and the musculoskeletal system, respectively. I predict that the superfamily members containing long or partial p25alpha domain are often intrinsically disordered proteins, while those with short or truncated domain(s) are structurally ordered. Interestingly, members of this superfamily connected or maybe connected to diseases are intrinsically disordered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Orosz
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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34
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A fish-specific member of the TPPP protein family? J Mol Evol 2012; 75:55-72. [PMID: 23053195 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-012-9521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A eukaryotic protein family, the tubulin polymerization promoting proteins (TPPPs), has recently been identified. It has been termed after its first member, TPPP/p25 or TPPP1, which exhibits microtubule-stabilizing function and plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases. In mammalian genomes, two further paralogues, TPPP2 and TPPP3, can be found. In this article, I show that TPPP1 and TPPP3, but not TPPP2, are included in paralogons, on human chromosomes, Hsa5 and Hsa16, respectively. I suggest that the single non-vertebrate tppp gene was duplicated in the first round of whole-genome duplication in the vertebrate lineage giving rise to tppp1 and the precursor of tppp2/tppp3. The existence of a teleost fish-specific fourth paralogue, tppp4, has also been raised, but it is not supported by synteny analysis. Alternatively, the new group can be considered as the fish orthologue of TPPP2. The case that the new group is the consequence of the teleost fish-specific whole-genome duplication (3R) cannot be excluded.
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The atypical homeodomain transcription factor Mohawk controls tendon morphogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2010; 30:4797-807. [PMID: 20696843 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00207-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mohawk homeobox (Mkx) gene encodes a new atypical homeodomain-containing protein with transcriptional repressor activity. Mkx mRNA exhibited dynamic expression patterns during development of the palate, somite, kidney, and testis, suggesting that it may be an important regulator of multiple developmental processes. To investigate the roles of Mkx in organogenesis, we generated mice carrying a null mutation in this gene. Mkx(-/-) mice survive postnatally and exhibit a unique wavy-tail phenotype. Close examination revealed that the mutant mice had smaller tendons than wild-type littermates and that the rapid postnatal growth of collagen fibrils in tendons was disrupted in Mkx(-/-) mice. Defects in tendon development were detected in the mutant mouse embryos as early as embryonic day 16.5 (E16.5). Although collagen fibril assembly initially appeared normal, the tendons of Mkx(-/-) embryos expressed significantly reduced amounts of collagen I, fibromodulin, and tenomodulin in comparison with control littermates. We found that Mkx mRNA was strongly expressed in differentiating tendon cells during embryogenesis and in the tendon sheath cells in postnatal stages. In addition to defects in tendon collagen fibrillogenesis, Mkx(-/-) mutant mice exhibited abnormal tendon sheaths. These results identify Mkx as an important regulator of tendon development.
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Watson SS, Riordan TJ, Pryce BA, Schweitzer R. Tendons and muscles of the mouse forelimb during embryonic development. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:693-700. [PMID: 19235726 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The range and precision of limb movements are dependent on the specific patterns of muscles and tendons. To facilitate analyses of tendon and muscle phenotypes we compiled a description of these tissues in the forelimb of developing mouse embryos. Individual tendons, muscles, and ligaments were annotated in a series of transverse sections through the forelimb of an embryo at day 18.5 of embryonic development (E18.5). Transverse sections present a distinctive and highly reproducible pattern of the muscles and tendons at different limb levels that can be used as a simple reference in analyses of mutant phenotypes. A comparable set of sections from an embryo at E14.5 was included to highlight structural features that change during the maturation of the musculoskeletal system. The ability to define the precise position of transverse sections along the proximal-distal axis of the limb may also be useful in studies of other features in developing limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spences S Watson
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Research Division, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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