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Lin Y, Yu J, Wu J, Wang S, Zhang T. Abnormal level of CUL4B-mediated histone H2A ubiquitination causes disruptive HOX gene expression. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:22. [PMID: 30992047 PMCID: PMC6466687 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common birth defects involving the central nervous system. Recent studies on the etiology of human NTDs have raised the possibility that epigenetic regulation could be involved in determining susceptibility to them. Results Here, we show that the H2AK119ub1 E3 ligase CUL4B is required for the activation of retinoic acid (RA)-inducible developmentally critical homeobox (HOX) genes in NT2/D1 embryonal carcinoma cells. RA treatment led to attenuation of H2AK119ub1 due to decrease in CUL4B, further affecting HOX gene regulation. Furthermore, we found that CUL4B interacted directly with RORγ and negatively regulated its transcriptional activity. Interestingly, knockdown of RORγ decreased the expression of HOX genes along with increased H2AK119ub1 occupancy levels, at HOX gene sites in N2/D1 cells. In addition, upregulation of HOX genes was observed along with lower levels of CUL4B-mediated H2AK119ub1 in both mouse and human anencephaly NTD cases. Notably, the expression of HOXA10 genes was negatively correlated with CUL4B levels in human anencephaly NTD cases. Conclusions Our results indicate that abnormal HOX gene expression induced by aberrant CUL4B-mediated H2AK119ub1 levels may be a risk factor for NTDs, and highlight the need for further analysis of genome-wide epigenetic modifications in NTDs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13072-019-0268-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lin
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.,Graduate Schools of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.,Graduate Schools of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China. .,Graduate Schools of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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2
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PKNOX2 expression and regulation in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of Fanconi anemia patients and healthy donors. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:669-678. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Jin S, Wang J, Chen H, Xiang B. Differential miRNA expression analysis during late stage terminal hindgut development in fetal rats. J Pediatr Surg 2017; 52:1516-1519. [PMID: 28320521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terminal hindgut deformity is the leading digestive tract malformation, however, the etiology and pathogenesis remained unknown. To date, gene expression abnormalities were considered the primary cause of these diseases. miRNAs have been found to play an important role in regulating the expression of genes. METHODS A total of 24 pregnant rats were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (n=12) received 1% ethylenethiourea (125mg/kg) by gavage on gestational day 11, while the control group (n=12) received the same volume of distilled water. From each group, fetal rats were obtained by cesarean section on gestational day 16. For the extraction of total RNA, 1 cm rectum samples were obtained from four fetal rats that had similar weights. Chip hybridization was conducted after poly(A) and biotin were added to the RNA samples, and this was followed by washing, dyeing, and scanning of the chip. Differences identified in the miRNA expression profiles and the target gene analysis results were further analyzed to identify potential regulators of terminal hindgut development. RESULTS Compared with the control group, 111 miRNAs expressed in the terminal hindgut of the experimental group were up-regulated on gestational day 16, while 117 miRNAs were down-regulated. The ten miRNAs with the greatest differential expression profiles between the experimental and control samples were selected for target gene prediction, pathway analysis, and gene ontology analysis. A subset of these miRNAs was found to be closely related to rat fetus terminal hindgut growth and development. In addition, target gene analysis showed that miR-193 may have an important role in regulating a key gene in anorectal development, Hoxd13. This role was confirmed in a dual luciferase reporter assay when miR-193 was able to inhibit expression of a reporter gene under the control of the 3' untranslated region of the Hoxd13 gene in the human embryonic kidney cell line, 293T. Real-time PCR and Western blotting experiments further showed that the expression of Hoxd13 was significantly lower when miR-193 was highly expressed in rat intestinal epithelial cells. The differences in both sets of experiments were statistically significant compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION These data support an important regulatory role for miRNAs in the expression of target genes during terminal hindgut development in fetal rats. In particular, miR-193-mediated inhibition of Hoxd13 was found to be significant in rat intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Jin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Junxiang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Klieser E, Pichelstorfer M, Weyland D, Kemmerling R, Swierczynski S, Dinnewitzer A, Jäger T, Kiesslich T, Neureiter D, Illig R. Back to the start: Evaluation of prognostic markers in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 4:763-773. [PMID: 27123276 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a standardized risk stratification model for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) based on tumor localization, tumor size, involved lymph nodes and metastases, as well as mitotic activity and other morphological and molecular markers, in order to improve the risk evaluation scheme for recurrence, metastatic spread and survival for patients with GIST. A total of 201 cases of patients with GIST were investigated according to standardized morphological markers, including nuclear pleomorphism, tumor cell necrosis, mucosal infiltration, ulceration, skeinoid fibers and growth pattern. In addition, all cases were immunohistochemically analyzed using a tissue microarray platform for various markers of differentiation (CD34, CD44, CD117, desmin, discovered on GIST 1, platelet-derived growth factor receptor α, S-100 and smooth muscle actin) and proliferation (B-cell lymphoma 2, P16, P53, phosphohistone H3 and Ki-67). These findings were correlated by uni- and multivariable analyses with clinicopathological characteristics, including recurrence, metastasis and survival. The general clinicopathological parameters of this GIST specimen cohort were comparable to previous studies. While several parameters exhibited clear associations to each other and to the defined clinical endpoints, the multivariate analysis reduced the number of relevant prognostic variables to localization, margin status, growth pattern and hematoxylin and eosin-based mitosis/Ki-67-based proliferation of GISTs. With the exception of CD34, none of the applied markers of differentiation and proliferation were found to be independent prognostic markers in GIST and the classical risk factors of GIST remain important prognostic factors. Additionally, growth pattern may predict the risk of recurrence and metastasis in GIST patients. Additional independent molecular prognostic markers remain to be identified and validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard Klieser
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maximilian Pichelstorfer
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; Bio- and Environmental Technology Program, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, A-4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Denis Weyland
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; Bio- and Environmental Technology Program, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, A-4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Ralf Kemmerling
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Swierczynski
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Adam Dinnewitzer
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tarkan Jäger
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria; Laboratory for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapies (TREAT), Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Romana Illig
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburg General Hospital (SALK), A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Abstract
Anorectal malformation (ARM) is a congenital anomaly commonly encountered in pediatric surgery practice. Although surgical procedures correct the anatomical anomalies, the post-operative bowel function is not universally satisfactory. The etiology of ARM remains unclear. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of ARM, based on published animal models, human genetics and epidemiological researches. Appreciation of these factors may be helpful in the management of ARM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No.2 Ya Bao Road, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
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Tamminen K, Balboa D, Toivonen S, Pakarinen MP, Wiener Z, Alitalo K, Otonkoski T. Intestinal Commitment and Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Is Independent of Exogenous FGF4 and R-spondin1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134551. [PMID: 26230325 PMCID: PMC4521699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling plays a central role in guiding the differentiation of the posterior parts of the primitive gut tube into intestinal structures in vivo and some studies suggest that FGF4 is another crucial factor for intestinal development. The aim of this study was to define the effects of Wnt and FGF4 on intestinal commitment in vitro by establishing conditions for differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) into posterior endoderm (hindgut) and further to self-renewing intestinal-like organoids. The most prominent induction of the well-established intestinal marker gene CDX2 was achieved when hPSC-derived definitive endoderm cells were treated with Wnt agonist molecule CHIR99021 during differentiation to hindgut. FGF4 was found to be dispensable during intestinal commitment, but it had an early role in repressing development towards the hepatic lineage. When hindgut stage cells were further cultured in 3D, they formed self-renewing organoid structures containing all major intestinal cell types even without exogenous R-spondin1 (RSPO1), a crucial factor for the culture of epithelial organoids derived from adult intestine. This may be explained by the presence of a mesenchymal compartment in the hPSC-derived organoids. Addition of WNT3A increased the expression of the Paneth cell marker Lysozyme in hPSC-derived organoid cultures, whereas FGF4 inhibited both the formation and maturation of intestinal-like organoids. Similar hindgut and organoid cultures were established from human induced pluripotent stem cells, implying that this approach can be used to create patient-specific intestinal tissue models for disease modeling in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Tamminen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diego Balboa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Toivonen
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko P. Pakarinen
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zoltan Wiener
- Translational Cancer Biology Program and Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Translational Cancer Biology Program and Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Calhoun KC, Padilla-Banks E, Jefferson WN, Liu L, Gerrish KE, Young SL, Wood CE, Hunt PA, Vandevoort CA, Williams CJ. Bisphenol A exposure alters developmental gene expression in the fetal rhesus macaque uterus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85894. [PMID: 24465770 PMCID: PMC3900442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure results in numerous developmental and functional abnormalities in reproductive organs in rodent models, but limited data are available regarding BPA effects in the primate uterus. To determine if maternal oral BPA exposure affects fetal uterine development in a non-human primate model, pregnant rhesus macaques carrying female fetuses were exposed orally to 400 µg/kg BPA or vehicle control daily from gestation day (GD) 50-100 or GD100-165. Fetal uteri were collected at the completion of treatment (GD100 or GD165); tissue histology, cell proliferation, and expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) were compared to that of controls. Gene expression analysis was conducted using rhesus macaque microarrays. There were no significant differences in histology or in the percentage of cells expressing the proliferation marker Ki-67, ERα, or PR in BPA-exposed uteri compared to controls at GD100 or GD165. Minimal differences in gene expression were observed between BPA-exposed and control GD100 uteri. However, at GD165, BPA-exposed uteri had significant differences in gene expression compared to controls. Several of the altered genes, including HOXA13, WNT4, and WNT5A, are critical for reproductive organ development and/or adult function. We conclude that second or third trimester BPA exposure does not significantly affect fetal uterus development based on morphological, proliferation, and steroid hormone receptor assessments. However, differences in expression of key developmental genes after third trimester exposure suggest that BPA could alter transcriptional signals influencing uterine function later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Calhoun
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Laboratory of Reproductive & Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Padilla-Banks
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Laboratory of Reproductive & Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Wendy N Jefferson
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Laboratory of Reproductive & Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Liwen Liu
- Microarray Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kevin E Gerrish
- Microarray Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Steven L Young
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Charles E Wood
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Patricia A Hunt
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Catherine A Vandevoort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Carmen J Williams
- Reproductive Medicine Group, Laboratory of Reproductive & Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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Kemmerling R, Weyland D, Kiesslich T, Illig R, Klieser E, Jäger T, Dietze O, Neureiter D. Robust linear regression model of Ki-67 for mitotic rate in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:745-749. [PMID: 24527082 PMCID: PMC3919875 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk stratification of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) by tumor size, lymph node and metastasis status is crucially affected by mitotic activity. To date, no studies have quantitatively compared mitotic activity in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue sections with immunohistochemical markers, such as phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) and Ki-67. According to the TNM guidelines, the mitotic count on H&E sections and immunohistochemical PHH3-stained slides has been assessed per 50 high-power fields of 154 specimens of clinically documented GIST cases. The Ki-67-associated proliferation rate was evaluated on three digitalized hot spots using image analysis. The H&E-based mitotic rate was found to correlate significantly better with Ki-67-assessed proliferation activity than with PHH3-assessed proliferation activity (r=0.780; P<0.01). A linear regression model (analysis of variance; P<0.001) allowed reliable predictions of the H&E-associated mitoses based on the Ki-67 expression alone. Additionally, the Ki-67-associated proliferation revealed a higher and significant impact on the recurrence and metastasis rate of the GIST cases than by the classical H&E-based mitotic rate. The results of the present study indicated that the mitotic rate may be reliably and time-efficiently estimated by immunohistochemistry of Ki-67 using only three hot spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Kemmerling
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | - Denis Weyland
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg A-5020, Austria ; University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Bio- and Environmental Engineering, Wels A-4600, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg A-5020, Austria ; Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | - Romana Illig
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | - Eckhard Klieser
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | - Tarkan Jäger
- Department of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | - Otto Dietze
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
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Yin SJ, Tang XB, Li FF, Zhang T, Yuan ZW, Wang WL, Bai YZ. Spatiotemporal Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 in Human Hindgut and Anorectal Development. Cells Tissues Organs 2013; 198:28-34. [DOI: 10.1159/000351472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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