1
|
Pili AN, Leroy B, Measey JG, Farquhar JE, Toomes A, Cassey P, Chekunov S, Grenié M, van Winkel D, Maria L, Diesmos MLL, Diesmos AC, Zurell D, Courchamp F, Chapple DG. Forecasting potential invaders to prevent future biological invasions worldwide. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17399. [PMID: 39007251 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The ever-increasing and expanding globalisation of trade and transport underpins the escalating global problem of biological invasions. Developing biosecurity infrastructures is crucial to anticipate and prevent the transport and introduction of invasive alien species. Still, robust and defensible forecasts of potential invaders are rare, especially for species without known invasion history. Here, we aim to support decision-making by developing a quantitative invasion risk assessment tool based on invasion syndromes (i.e., generalising typical attributes of invasive alien species). We implemented a workflow based on 'Multiple Imputation with Chain Equation' to estimate invasion syndromes from imputed datasets of species' life-history and ecological traits and macroecological patterns. Importantly, our models disentangle the factors explaining (i) transport and introduction and (ii) establishment. We showcase our tool by modelling the invasion syndromes of 466 amphibians and reptile species with invasion history. Then, we project these models to amphibians and reptiles worldwide (16,236 species [c.76% global coverage]) to identify species with a risk of being unintentionally transported and introduced, and risk of establishing alien populations. Our invasion syndrome models showed high predictive accuracy with a good balance between specificity and generality. Unintentionally transported and introduced species tend to be common and thrive well in human-disturbed habitats. In contrast, those with established alien populations tend to be large-sized, are habitat generalists, thrive well in human-disturbed habitats, and have large native geographic ranges. We forecast that 160 amphibians and reptiles without known invasion history could be unintentionally transported and introduced in the future. Among them, 57 species have a high risk of establishing alien populations. Our reliable, reproducible, transferable, statistically robust and scientifically defensible quantitative invasion risk assessment tool is a significant new addition to the suite of decision-support tools needed for developing a future-proof preventative biosecurity globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arman N Pili
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Boris Leroy
- Unité 8067 Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, IRD, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - John G Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- UMR7179 MECADEV CNRS/MNHN, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Bâtiment d'Anatomie Comparée, Paris, France
| | - Jules E Farquhar
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam Toomes
- Invasion Science and Wildlife Ecology Group, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Phillip Cassey
- Invasion Science and Wildlife Ecology Group, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sebastian Chekunov
- Invasion Science and Wildlife Ecology Group, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthias Grenié
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | - Dylan van Winkel
- Bioresearches (Babbage Consultants Limited), Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Maria
- Biosecurity New Zealand-Tiakitanga Pūtaiao Aotearoa, Ministry for Primary Industries-Manatū Ahu Matua, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Mae Lowe L Diesmos
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Damaris Zurell
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Franck Courchamp
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Yang M, Qi Y, Xue Y, Yang N, Ma G, Wan F, Xian X, Liu W. Predicting global geographical distribution and latitudinal suitability gradient for light Brown apple moth. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32268. [PMID: 38882321 PMCID: PMC11180307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Epiphyas postvittana, commonly known as the light brown apple moth (LBAM), is native to Australia and has a restricted global distribution. Its polyphagous nature and the recent surge in interceptions have emphasized the need for focused risk assessments to guide effective measures to curb the entry of this pest into new countries. This study aimed to perform a detailed global invasion risk assessment using an optimized MaxEnt model that incorporated 19 bioclimatic variables and elevation. The predictive outcomes underscored the significance of key variables, specifically the minimum temperature of the coldest month (bio6), precipitation of the driest month (bio14), and precipitation of the coldest quarter (bio19), in shaping the potential geographical distribution of LBAM. Regions beyond the existing range, including the southeastern United States, southern Brazil, eastern Argentina, Uruguay, southern Chile, and various Western European countries, were identified as susceptible to invasion and establishment by LBAM. An increase in suitability was observed above 45°N and 40°S under future climate scenario. With respect to climate change, LBAM would expand its potential range in Western Europe and the United States, especially under SSP5-8.5, in the 2050s. An upward trend in the latitudinal suitability gradient for LBAM in mid-high latitude areas implies that amid changing climate conditions, LBAM may find favorable habitats in these regions. For countries and regions with invasion risk, it is imperative to implement corresponding inspections and quarantine measures to thwart the introduction of LBAM, particularly in countries with established trade ties with invaded regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yuhan Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yantao Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Nianwan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
- Institute of Western Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, PR China
| | - Gang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Xian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wanxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Le TP, Waring TK, Bondell H, Robinson AP, Baker CM. Adaptive sampling method to monitor low-risk pathways with limited surveillance resources. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024. [PMID: 38862404 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The rise of globalization has led to a sharp increase in international trade with high volumes of containers, goods, and items moving across the world. Unfortunately, these trade pathways also facilitate the movement of unwanted pests, weeds, diseases, and pathogens. Each item could contain biosecurity risk material, but it is impractical to inspect every item. Instead, inspection efforts typically focus on high-risk items. However, low risk does not imply no risk. It is crucial to monitor the low-risk pathways to ensure that they are and remain low risk. To do so, many approaches would seek to estimate the risk to some precision, but increasingly lower risks require more samples. On a low-risk pathway that can be afforded only limited inspection resources, it makes more sense to assign fewer samples to the lower risk activities. We approach the problem by introducing two thresholds. Our method focuses on letting us know whether the risk is below certain thresholds, rather than estimating the risk precisely. This method also allows us to detect a significant change in risk. Our approach typically requires less sampling than previous methods, while still providing evidence to regulators to help them efficiently and effectively allocate inspection effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thao P Le
- The Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Data Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas K Waring
- The Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Data Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Howard Bondell
- Melbourne Centre for Data Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew P Robinson
- The Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher M Baker
- The Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Data Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aulus-Giacosa L, Ollier S, Bertelsmeier C. Non-native ants are breaking down biogeographic boundaries and homogenizing community assemblages. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2266. [PMID: 38480710 PMCID: PMC10937723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
As geographic distance increases, species assemblages become more distinct, defining global biogeographic realms with abrupt biogeographic boundaries. Yet, it remains largely unknown to what extent these realms may change because of human-mediated dispersal of species. Focusing on the distributions of 309 non-native ant species, we show that historical biogeographic patterns have already broken down into tropical versus non-tropical regions. Importantly, we demonstrate that these profound changes are not limited to the distribution patterns of non-native ants but fundamentally alter biogeographic boundaries of all ant biodiversity (13,774 species). In total, 52% of ant assemblages have become more similar, supporting a global trend of biotic homogenization. Strikingly, this trend was strongest on islands and in the tropics, which harbor some of the most vulnerable ecosystems. Overall, we show that the pervasive anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity override biogeographic patterns resulting from millions of years of evolution, and disproportionally affect particular regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Aulus-Giacosa
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, UNIL - Sorge, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sébastien Ollier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, UNIL - Sorge, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Université Paris - Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Cleo Bertelsmeier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, UNIL - Sorge, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Goel N, Liebhold AM, Bertelsmeier C, Hooten MB, Korolev KS, Keitt TH. A mechanistic statistical approach to infer invasion characteristics of human-dispersed species with complex life cycle. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.09.578762. [PMID: 38405850 PMCID: PMC10888729 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.578762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The rising introduction of invasive species through trade networks threatens biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, we have a limited understanding of how transportation networks determine patterns of range expansion. This is partly because current analytical models fail to integrate the invader's life-history dynamics with heterogeneity in human-mediated dispersal patterns. And partly because classical statistical methods often fail to provide reliable estimates of model parameters due to spatial biases in the presence-only records and lack of informative demographic data. To address these gaps, we first formulate an age-structured metapopulation model that uses a probability matrix to emulate human-mediated dispersal patterns. The model reveals that an invader spreads along the shortest network path, such that the inter-patch network distances decrease with increasing traffic volume and reproductive value of hitchhikers. Next, we propose a Bayesian statistical method to estimate model parameters using presence-only data and prior demographic knowledge. To show the utility of the statistical approach, we analyze zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) expansion in North America through the commercial shipping network. Our analysis underscores the importance of correcting spatial biases and leveraging priors to answer questions, such as where and when the zebra mussels were introduced and what life-history characteristics make these mollusks successful invaders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj Goel
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| | - Andrew M. Liebhold
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Morgantown, West Virginia, 15349
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Forestry and Wood Sciences, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Cleo Bertelsmeier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015
| | - Mevin B. Hooten
- Department of Statistics and Data Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78705
| | - Kirill S. Korolev
- Department of Physics, Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, and Biological Design Center Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Timothy H. Keitt
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martins TCDSL, Santos MDEFSD, Santos MMS, Araújo JDES, Neves CHCB, Garcia ACL, Montes MA. Drosophila nasuta (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in Brazil: a decade of invasion and occupation of more than half of the country. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20230507. [PMID: 38055445 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320230507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of human activities and natural dispersal, exotic species can be brought to new areas, where they become established and spread, becoming invaders. These species are responsible for the loss of biodiversity and cause ecosystemic harm throughout the world. In this paper, we report the rapid, broad geographic expansion of the invasive fly Drosophila nasuta in Brazil. An 84% increase was found in its area of occupation in the country compared to previous studies. The present data reveal its arrival to the Pantanal wetlands in a location more than one thousand kilometers from the closest previous record in the Cerrado biome. We present the first record of D. nasuta in the Atlantic Forest in the states of Paraíba and Bahia. We report its introduction in the Amazon Forest in the state of Amazonas approximately 700 kilometers from previous records. The relative abundance of D. nasuta in this biome increased fivefold in comparison to a previous study. In the first decade of invasion in Brazil, D. nasuta has already colonized more than half of the country. The present data reveal its invasive potential and underscore the importance of following up the possible negative effects of this biological invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Cristina Dos Santos L Martins
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Campus Dois Irmãos, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria DE Fátima Severina Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Campus Dois Irmãos, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Manuella Maria S Santos
- Universidade do Estado de MT, Departamento de Biologia, Av. São João, s/n, 78200-000 Cáceres, MT, Brazil
| | - Juliana DE Souza Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. General Rodrigo Octávio, 6200, Coroado I, 69080-900 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique C B Neves
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Campus Dois Irmãos, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lauer Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Martín Alejandro Montes
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Campus Dois Irmãos, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bonnamour A, Blake RE, Liebhold AM, Nahrung HF, Roques A, Turner RM, Yamanaka T, Bertelsmeier C. Historical plant introductions predict current insect invasions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221826120. [PMID: 37276425 PMCID: PMC10268304 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221826120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of insect species have been introduced outside of their native ranges, and some of them strongly impact ecosystems and human societies. Because a large fraction of insects feed on or are associated with plants, nonnative plants provide habitat and resources for invading insects, thereby facilitating their establishment. Furthermore, plant imports represent one of the main pathways for accidental nonnative insect introductions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that plant invasions precede and promote insect invasions. We found that geographical variation in current nonnative insect flows was best explained by nonnative plant flows dating back to 1900 rather than by more recent plant flows. Interestingly, nonnative plant flows were a better predictor of insect invasions than potentially confounding socioeconomic variables. Based on the observed time lag between plant and insect invasions, we estimated that the global insect invasion debt consists of 3,442 region-level introductions, representing a potential increase of 35% of insect invasions. This debt was most important in the Afrotropics, the Neotropics, and Indomalaya, where we expect a 10 to 20-fold increase in discoveries of new nonnative insect species. Overall, our results highlight the strong link between plant and insect invasions and show that limiting the spread of nonnative plants might be key to preventing future invasions of both plants and insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Bonnamour
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew M. Liebhold
- Northern Research Station, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, Morgantown, WV26505
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Helen F. Nahrung
- Forest Industries Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Buderim, QLD4556, Australia
| | - Alain Roques
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR 0633, Zoologie Forestière, 4575Orléans, France
| | - Rebecca M. Turner
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute), Christchurch8440, New Zealand
| | - Takehiko Yamanaka
- Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 305-8517Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Cleo Bertelsmeier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fenn‐Moltu G, Ollier S, Caton B, Liebhold AM, Nahrung H, Pureswaran DS, Turner RM, Yamanaka T, Bertelsmeier C. Alien insect dispersal mediated by the global movement of commodities. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2721. [PMID: 36372556 PMCID: PMC10078186 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Globalization and economic growth are recognized as key drivers of biological invasions. Alien species have become a feature of almost every biological community worldwide, and rates of new introductions continue to rise as the movement of people and goods accelerates. Insects are among the most numerous and problematic alien organisms, and are mainly introduced unintentionally with imported cargo or arriving passengers. However, the processes occurring prior to insect introductions remain poorly understood. We used a unique dataset of 1,902,392 border interception records from inspections at air, land, and maritime ports in Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Japan, USA, and Canada to identify key commodities associated with insect movement through trade and travel. In total, 8939 species were intercepted, and commodity association data were available for 1242 species recorded between 1960 and 2019. We used rarefaction and extrapolation methods to estimate the total species richness and diversity associated with different commodity types. Plant and wood products were the main commodities associated with insect movement across cargo, passenger baggage, and international mail. Furthermore, certain species were mainly associated with specific commodities within these, and other broad categories. More closely related species tended to share similar commodity associations, but this occurred largely at the genus level rather than within orders or families. These similarities within genera can potentially inform pathway management of new alien species. Combining interception records across regions provides a unique window into the unintentional movement of insects, and provides valuable information on establishment risks associated with different commodity types and pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyda Fenn‐Moltu
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Sébastien Ollier
- Department of Ecology, Systematics and EvolutionUniversity Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
| | - Barney Caton
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection ServicesPlant Protection and QuarantineRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Andrew M. Liebhold
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research StationMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueSuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Helen Nahrung
- Forest Research InstituteUniversity of the Sunshine CoastMaroochydore DCQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Rebecca M. Turner
- Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute)ChristchurchNew Zealand
| | | | - Cleo Bertelsmeier
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|