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Rancourt D, Staples C, Schlauch RC. Food approach and avoidance craving: A partial test of the Ambivalence Model of Craving. Appetite 2024; 199:107394. [PMID: 38703790 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from both cross-sectional and cue-reactivity studies supports the application of the Ambivalence Model of Craving (AMC) from the substance use literature to food craving. The focus of this extant work has been on the association between the two dimensions of food craving (approach and avoidance) and disordered eating behaviors. The present study extended existing validity data by investigating approach and avoidance food craving profiles and their associations with 1) disordered eating behaviors and 2) thinness/restriction and eating expectancies - a risk factor for disordered eating that is explicitly described by the AMC. It was anticipated that food craving profiles would parallel those defined by the AMC (i.e., approach oriented, avoidance oriented, ambivalent, indifferent) and that profiles defined by high avoidance food craving would be higher in compensatory behaviors, restricting behaviors, and thinness/restriction expectancies, while those defined by high approach food craving would be higher in binge eating and eating expectancies. A sample of 407 undergraduate students (54% female, 47% non-Hispanic White; Mage = 21 years) reported demographics, food craving disordered eating behaviors, and thinness/restriction and eating expectancies via an anonymous online survey. Latent profile analysis was used to test hypotheses. Hypotheses were partially supported. Four profiles were identified, but similar levels of approach and avoidance food craving were observed in each profile, with the intensity of the cravings increasing across the four profiles. Endorsement of disordered eating behaviors and expectancies also increased in intensity across the profiles. Findings suggest an additive, rather than interactive, effect of food craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rancourt
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
| | - Cody Staples
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Robert C Schlauch
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
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Li SS, Kalan RE, Smith A, Mason TB, Smith KE. Momentary mechanisms of binge-eating symptoms using ecological momentary assessment: The moderating role of food addiction. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024. [PMID: 38857200 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Food addiction (FA) shows phenotypic and diagnostic overlap with eating disorders characterised by binge eating, though it is unknown how momentary processes driving binge-eating symptoms differ by FA. The present study examined the possible moderating influence of FA severity on momentary mechanisms underlying binge-eating symptomatology using ecological momentary assessment (EMA). METHOD Adults (N = 49, mean age = 34.9 ± 12.1, cis-gender female = 77.1%) who met criteria for FA and/or binge-eating disorder completed baseline measures including the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) followed by a 10-day EMA protocol. Generalised linear mixed models assessed main effects of YFAS, momentary antecedents (affect, impulsivity, food cue exposure, appetite, and eating expectancies) and two-way interactions between YFAS and within-person antecedents. RESULTS FA severity moderated momentary associations between food cue exposure and subsequent binge-eating symptoms: the association was stronger among participants with lower but not higher YFAS scores. No other interactions were significant. CONCLUSIONS Some functional associations underlying binge-eating symptoms vary based on individuals' level of FA symptoms. Future research to further understand how observed associations may differ amongst diverse populations and over course of illness may also inform future prevention and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley S Li
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rachel E Kalan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alexandro Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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3
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Romano KA, Sandoval CM, Lewis RJ, Heron KE. Daily Relationship Functioning and Disordered Eating Behaviors Among Sexual Minority Women in Same-Sex Relationships. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:412-421. [PMID: 38581675 PMCID: PMC11112276 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The present study aimed to examine associations between different types of relationship functioning and disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in the everyday lives of sexual minority women in same-sex relationships-an at-risk population that has not been assessed in this context. METHODS Participants included 321 young sexual minority women (Mage = 27.56, SD = 3.67) in same-sex relationships who completed surveys assessing their daily relationship functioning and DEB use each day for a 14-day daily diary period. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to examine daily-, person-, and couple-level associations among women's daily relationship functioning (general relationship functioning, positive and negative relational behaviors they and, separately, their partners engaged in) and DEBs (overeating, loss of control eating, emotional eating, and dietary restriction). RESULTS Results generally indicated that more positive and less negative daily relationship functioning across all assessed constructs was associated with less same-day emotional eating. In contrast, associations between all daily relationship functioning constructs and loss of control eating were not significant, nor were any relationship functioning-DEB associations at the couple level. More circumscribed patterns of association were identified for associations between the relationship functioning constructs, and overeating and dietary restriction. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings provide insight into how aspects of daily relationship functioning map onto sexual minority women's daily engagement in DEBs that are linked to poor health long-term, and directions for future research and clinical practice that may warrant consideration moving forward to help advance the evidence-base and care for this historically overlooked and underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Romano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Robin J Lewis
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Kristin E Heron
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Werle D, Sablottny L, Tuschen-Caffier B, Svaldi J. Modifying biased attention towards food stimuli in binge eating disorder: A multi-session training study. Appetite 2024; 196:107284. [PMID: 38401600 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) exhibit a biased attention towards food stimuli. Against this backdrop, the present study with pre-registered design (ID: DRKS00012984) tested whether (a) a training designed to reduce attentional food processing indeed modifies this bias, (b) this reduction is evident in several measures of food-related attention and (c) this is associated with reductions in craving, binge frequency over the past 28 days and calories eaten in a laboratory based bogus taste test. Individuals with BED were randomly allocated to four sessions of either an attentional bias modification training (ABMT; n = 39) or a comparable no-modification control training (CT; n = 27). In all measures assessed via eye-tracking - dwell time bias, dwell time bias variability and first fixation bias - food-related bias decreased in the ABMT relative to the CT. Against our hypothesis, no differential between-group effects were found for reaction time (RT) bias and its variability as well as for calories consumed in a bogus taste test. By contrast, reductions in binge frequency and subjective craving were found for both groups. Taken together, the tendency to preferentially process food seems a modifiable phenomenon in individuals with BED. However, modifying this selective viewing pattern does not seem a prerequisite for a successful reduction of binge frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Werle
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany.
| | - Lynn Sablottny
- University of Freiburg, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer Svaldi
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Germany
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Lörsch F, Kollei I, Steins-Loeber S. The effects of a retrieval cue on renewal of conditioned responses in human appetitive conditioning. Behav Res Ther 2024; 176:104501. [PMID: 38520963 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Contextual renewal of reward anticipation may be one potential mechanism underlying relapse in eating and substance use disorders. We therefore tested retrieval cues, a method derived from an inhibitory retrieval-based model of extinction learning to attenuate contextual renewal using an appetitive conditioning paradigm. A pilot study was carried out in Experiment 1 to validate a differential chocolate conditioning paradigm, in which a specific tray was set up as a conditioned stimulus (CS) for eating chocolate (unconditioned stimulus, US). Using an ABA renewal design in Experiment 2, half of the participants were presented with a retrieval cue in the acquisition phase (group AC) and the other half in the extinction phase (group EC). Presentation of the retrieval cue in the EC was associated with reduced renewal of US-expectancy, while there was a clear renewal effect for US-expectancy in the AC. One limitation was the difference in cue presentations between both groups due to the number of trials in acquisition and extinction. Experiment 3 therefore aimed at replicating the results of Experiment 2, but with fewer cue presentations for the EC to match the AC. No significant group differences were observed indicating no effect of the retrieval cue. Theoretical and clinical implications in light of the differing results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lörsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Markusplatz 3, 96047, Bamberg, Germany.
| | - Ines Kollei
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Markusplatz 3, 96047, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Steins-Loeber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bamberg, Markusplatz 3, 96047, Bamberg, Germany
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Li C, Gu J, Li Y, Xia B, Meng X. The effect of perceived stress on binge eating behavior among Chinese university students: a moderated mediation model. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1351116. [PMID: 38563027 PMCID: PMC10983035 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1351116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies have demonstrated a strong link between perceived stress and binge eating behavior, but the psychological mechanisms underlying such phenomenon are not fully understood. The present study further addressed this issue in a life history framework, focusing on life history strategy and distress tolerance. Methods Firstly, we investigated the mediation role of life history strategy on the relationship between perceived stress and binge eating behavior. Secondly, we examined the moderation role of distress tolerance on the effect of perceived stress on life history strategy, as well as on the direct effect of perceived stress on binge eating behavior. We analyzed data from 1342 Chinese university students. Results Results indicated that life history strategy mediates the relationship between perceived stress and binge eating behavior; distress tolerance has significant moderating effects on the direct effect of perceived stress on binge eating behavior and their indirect effect via life history strategy. Discussion Therefore, distress tolerance skills training and life history-based interventions might be potentially effective ways to reduce binge eating behavior triggered by perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Research on Autoimmune Diseases of Higher Education schools in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Research on Autoimmune Diseases of Higher Education schools in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Baijuan Xia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory for Research on Autoimmune Diseases of Higher Education schools in Guizhou Province, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaolu Meng
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical Humanitarians, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Health Development Research Center, Guiyang, China
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Zainal NH, Jacobson NC. Reliability (or lack thereof) of smartphone ecological momentary assessment of visual dot probe attention bias toward threat indices. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2024; 82:101918. [PMID: 37907019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cognitive bias theories posit that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) are entwined with attention bias toward threats, commonly indexed by faster response time (RT) on threat-congruent (vs. threat-incongruent) trials on the visual dot probe. Moreover, although smartphone ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of the visual dot probe has been developed, their psychometric properties are understudied. This study thus aimed to assess the reliability of 8 smartphone-delivered visual dot probe attention bias and related indices in persons with and without GAD and SAD. METHODS Community-dwelling adults (n = 819; GAD: 64%; SAD: 49%; Mixed GAD and SAD: 37%; Non-GAD/SAD Controls: 24%) completed a five-trial smartphone-delivered visual dot probe for a median of 60 trials (12 sessions x 5 trials/session) and an average of 100 trials (20 sessions x 5 trials/session). RESULTS As hypothesized, Global Attention Bias Index, Disengagement Effect, and Facilitation Bias had low-reliability estimates. However, retest-reliability and internal reliability were good for Trial-Level Bias Scores (TLBS) (Bias Toward Treat: intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) = 0.626-0.644; split-half r = 0.640-0.670; Attention Bias Variability: ICCs = 0.507-0.567; split-half r = 0.520-0.580) and (In)congruent RTs. Poor retest-reliability and internal reliability estimates were consistently observed for all traditional attention bias and related indices but not TLBS. LIMITATIONS Our visual dot probe EMA should have administered ≥320 trials to match best-practice guidelines based on similar laboratory studies. CONCLUSIONS Future research should strive to examine attention bias paradigms beyond the dot-probe task that evidenced meaningful test-retest reliability properties in laboratory and real-world naturalistic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hani Zainal
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Health Care Policy, USA; National University of Singapore, Department of Psychology, Singapore.
| | - Nicholas C Jacobson
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, USA
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Kalan RE, Smith A, Mason TB, Smith KE. Independent associations of food addiction and binge eating measures with real-time eating behaviors and contextual factors: An exploratory ecological momentary assessment study. Appetite 2024; 192:107127. [PMID: 37980955 PMCID: PMC10843748 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) is a concept centered around the addictive potential of highly palatable processed foods, though there is debate over the discriminative validity of FA as a distinct construct from binge-eating symptomatology. This study explored how trait measures of FA and binge-eating symptoms independently and interactively predicted eating behaviors and posited correlates of FA and binge eating measured via ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Adult participants (N = 49) who met the criteria for FA and/or binge-eating disorder completed baseline measures of FA (Yale Food Addiction Scale [YFAS 2.0]) and binge-eating symptoms (Eating Pathology Symptom Inventory [EPSI] binge eating scale) followed by a 10-day EMA protocol. Generalized linear mixed models examined the independent effects of YFAS 2.0, EPSI, and their interaction predicting EMA outcomes. Higher YFAS 2.0 symptom count scores were uniquely related to greater EMA-measured overeating, loss of control eating, negative and positive affect, and impulsivity when controlling for EPSI scores. Conversely, higher EPSI scores were uniquely related to greater EMA-measured eagerness and urge to eat, and expectancies that eating would improve mood. No interaction effects were significant. These results highlight potential distinctions between phenomena captured by FA and other measures of binge eating, in that FA symptoms may be a marker of heightened binge-eating severity, emotional arousal, and impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Kalan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandro Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Goldschmidt AB, Goldstein SP, Schmiedek F, Stalvey E, Irizarry B, Thomas JG. State-level working memory and dysregulated eating in children and adolescents: An exploratory ecological momentary assessment study. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:93-103. [PMID: 37888341 PMCID: PMC10872824 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with loss of control (LOC) eating and overweight/obesity have relative deficiencies in trait-level working memory (WM), which may limit adaptive responding to intra- and extra-personal cues related to eating. Understanding of how WM performance relates to eating behavior in real-time is currently limited. METHODS We studied 32 youth (ages 10-17 years) with LOC eating and overweight/obesity (LOC-OW; n = 9), overweight/obesity only (OW; n = 16), and non-overweight status (NW; n = 7). Youth completed spatial and numerical WM tasks requiring varying degrees of cognitive effort and reported on their eating behavior daily for 14 days via smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment. Linear mixed effects models estimated group-level differences in WM performance, as well as associations between contemporaneously completed measures of WM and dysregulated eating. RESULTS LOC-OW were less accurate on numerical WM tasks compared to OW and NW (ps < .01); groups did not differ on spatial task accuracy (p = .41). Adjusting for between-subject effects (reflecting differences between individuals in their mean WM performance and its association with eating behavior), within-subject effects (reflecting variations in moment-to-moment associations) revealed that more accurate responding on the less demanding numerical WM task, compared to one's own average, was associated with greater overeating severity across the full sample (p = .013). There were no associations between WM performance and LOC eating severity (ps > .05). CONCLUSIONS Youth with LOC eating and overweight/obesity demonstrated difficulties mentally retaining and manipulating numerical information in daily life, replicating prior laboratory-based research. Overeating may be related to improved WM, regardless of LOC status, but temporality and causality should be further explored. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our findings suggest that youth with loss of control eating and overweight/obesity may experience difficulties mentally retaining and manipulating numerical information in daily life relative to their peers with overweight/obesity and normal-weight status, which may contribute to the maintenance of dysregulated eating and/or elevated body weight. However, it is unclear whether these individual differences are related to eating behavior on a moment-to-moment basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea B. Goldschmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie P. Goldstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Florian Schmiedek
- Department of Education and Human Development, DIPF | Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Erin Stalvey
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bailey Irizarry
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J. Graham Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Colton E, Wilson KE, Chong TTJ, Verdejo-Garcia A. Dysfunctional decision-making in binge-eating disorder: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105250. [PMID: 37263530 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Binge-Eating Disorder (BED) involves anticipatory craving and urges, subjective loss-of-control during binge-eating episodes, and post-feeding psychological distress and guilt. Evidence indicates neurocognitive dysfunctions contribute to BED onset, maintenance, and treatment response. However, an integrated understanding of how cognitive processes underpin BED symptomology is lacking. We utilised a multi-stage decision-making model defining ten cognitive processes underpinning Preference Formation, Choice Implementation, Feedback Processing, and Flexibility/Shifting, to comprehensively review research published since 2013. We used preregistered PICOS criteria to assess 1966 articles identified from PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scopus database searches. This yielded 50 studies reporting behavioural cognitive tasks outcomes, comparing individuals with BED to controls with normal and higher weight. Meta-analyses revealed a unique profile of cognitive dysfunctions that spanned all decision-making stages. Significant deficits were evident in Uncertainty Evaluation, Attentional Inhibition, Choice Consistency, and Cognitive Flexibility/Set-shifting. We propose a novel model of dysfunctional decision-making processes in BED and describe their role in binge-eating behaviour. We further highlight the potential for cognitive interventions to target these processes and address the significant treatment gap in BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Colton
- Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Kira-Elise Wilson
- Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Trevor T-J Chong
- Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Turner Institute of Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Mason TB, Crosby RD, Engel SG, Morales JC, Wonderlich SA. Ecological momentary assessment of mood regulation eating expectancies in eating disorders: Convergent and predictive validity. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2023; 31:717-723. [PMID: 37337314 PMCID: PMC10465104 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating expectancies (EE) are the anticipation of various benefits or detriments from eating, with mood regulation being a salient type of EE associated with eating disorders. This study examined the convergent and predictive validity of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) mood regulation EE items, including mood improvement and mood worsening EE. METHODS Thirty women with binge-eating pathology completed a 14-day EMA protocol, which included measures of mood regulation EE, affect, appetite, appearance- and body-related factors and disordered-eating behaviours. RESULTS Greater within-subjects hunger and lower within-subjects positive affect and fullness were related to elevated mood improvement EE. Higher within-subjects appearance concerns, fullness, body social comparisons and thinness pressure were associated with higher mood worsening EE. Greater within-subjects mood worsening EE predicted greater likelihood of vomiting at the subsequent time point, but there were no within-subjects associations between mood improvement EE and behaviours. Yet, greater between-subjects mood worsening EE were associated with more restraint/restriction and binge eating, and greater between-subjects mood improvement EE were associated with more binge eating. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the convergent validity of EMA mood regulation EE items. There was limited predictive validity evidence, suggesting complexities in how mood regulation EE predict behaviour in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Public Health and Population Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ross D. Crosby
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Scott G. Engel
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Jeremy C. Morales
- Department of Public Health and Population Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stephen A. Wonderlich
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Research
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
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Woo JM, Lee GE, Lee JH. Attentional bias for high-calorie food cues by the level of hunger and satiety in individuals with binge eating behaviors. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1149864. [PMID: 37521694 PMCID: PMC10372423 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1149864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The abnormal hyperreactivity to food cues in individuals with binge eating behaviors could be regulated by hedonic or reward-based system, overriding the homeostatic system. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether attentional bias for food cues is affected by the level of hunger, maintaining the normal homeostatic system in individuals with binge eating behaviors. Methods A total of 116 female participants were recruited and divided into four groups: hungry-binge eating group (BE) (n = 29), satiated BE (n = 29), hungry-control (n = 29), satiated control (n = 29). While participants completed a free-viewing task on high or low-calorie food cues, visual attentional processes were recorded using an eye tracker. Results The results revealed that BE group showed longer initial fixation duration toward high-calorie food cues in both hunger and satiety condition in the early stage, whereas the control group showed longer initial fixation duration toward high-calorie food cues only in hunger conditions. Moreover, in the late stage, the BE group stared more at the high-calorie food cue, compared to control group regardless of hunger and satiety. Discussion The findings suggest that automatic attentional bias for food cues in individuals with binge eating behaviors occurred without purpose or awareness is not affected by the homeostatic system, while strategic attention is focused on high-calorie food. Therefore, the attentional processing of food cues in binge eating group is regulated by hedonic system rather than homeostatic system, leading to vulnerability to binge eating.
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McGeown L, De Young KP, Mushquash AR. Disconnect between sympathetically-induced hunger suppression and consumption among highly restrained eaters following stress. Appetite 2023; 181:106419. [PMID: 36513296 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite emphasis on findings suggesting restrained eaters increase food consumption under stress, unrestrained eaters' reduction in intake is more robust. Early proposals asserted unrestrained eaters significantly reduced intake after certain threats due to the hunger-inhibiting effects of autonomic influences, presuming unrestrained eaters are more responsive to these effects and restrained eaters rely less on physiological cues for eating. However, scant empirical evidence has substantiated these claims. This study examined whether a sequence exists whereby stress elicits autonomic activation, autonomic activation impacts hunger, and hunger then impacts eating, with dietary restraint altering the hunger-intake link. It was hypothesized that sympathetic nervous system activation would be greatest when ongoing safety from stress was uncertain, sympathetic activation would be linked to reduced hunger, and lower hunger would be associated with attenuated intake. Restraint, conceptualized via Hagan et al.'s (2017) latent restraint factors, was hypothesized to reduce the association between hunger and intake. Female participants (n = 147) were randomized to a stress + certain safety, stress + uncertain safety, or control condition. Sympathetic nervous system activity was recorded prior to a bogus taste test, which quantified ad libitum consumption of highly-palatable snack foods post-stress. Only the stress + uncertain safety condition exhibited greater sympathetic nervous system activity than the control condition. A significant index of moderated serial mediation emerged for Preoccupation with Dieting and Weight-Focused Restraint in the stress + uncertain safety condition. Though sympathetic activation decreased hunger similarly regardless of dietary restraint, only less restrained individuals significantly decreased intake. More restrained individuals ate more despite experiencing lower hunger. The disconnect between hunger and intake in more restrained eaters suggests that focus on enhancing attunement to hunger may yield greater benefit than enhancing restraint. 281 words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McGeown
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, P7B 5E1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kyle P De Young
- Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E University Avenue, 82071, Laramie, WY, United States.
| | - Aislin R Mushquash
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, P7B 5E1, Ontario, Canada.
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14
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Jin L, Han W, Zheng Z. Attentional vigilance of food information in disordered eating behaviors. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1108995. [PMID: 36873197 PMCID: PMC9974645 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1108995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) are very common among female college students, which seriously endanger their health and well-being. Therefore, the study of the mechanism of DEBs can provide effective evidence for early detection and intervention. METHODS In total of 54 female college students were recruited and assigned to DEB group (n = 29) and healthy control (HC) group (n = 25) according to their scores in the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). Then, the Exogenous Cueing Task (ECT) was used to evaluate their reaction time (RT) to the location of a target dot preceded by a food or neutral cue. RESULTS The study found that compared with HC group, DEB group showed more attentional engagement to food stimuli, indicating that attentional vigilance to food information could be considered as a specific attentional bias of DEBs. DISCUSSION Our findings not only provide evidence of the potential mechanism of DEBs from the perspective of attentional bias, but also can be considered as an effective and objective indicator for early screening of subclinical eating disorders (EDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Jin
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyue Han
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Changzhou Vocational Institute of Textile and Garment, Changzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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15
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Testing the interaction of thinness/restriction and negative affect reduction expectancies on disordered eating behavior. Eat Behav 2022; 47:101663. [PMID: 36067649 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thinness/restriction expectancies (i.e., perceived rewards from thinness/dietary restriction) and negative affect reduction expectancies (i.e., beliefs that eating will reduce negative emotions) are associated with disordered eating, but have largely been studied in isolation despite evidence that individuals can endorse these expectancies simultaneously. Guided by the goal conflict model, we hypothesized that for individuals reporting high levels of one type of expectancy, stronger endorsement of the second expectancy category would be associated with more dietary restriction, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors. A secondary aim included testing an adapted goal conflict model. DESIGN Interaction effects were tested using multiple linear and negative binomial regressions. Exploratory indirect effect models tested the adapted goal conflict model. Given gender differences, hypotheses were tested separately by gender. MEASURES Participants (N = 406, 54.2% female, non-Hispanic White = 68.8%, Mage = 20.99, MBMI = 25.05) completed measures of thinness/restriction expectancies, negative affect expectancies, dietary restriction, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors (e.g., purging, laxative/diuretic use, compensatory exercise). RESULTS No statistically significant interaction of thinness/restriction and negative affect expectancies on disordered eating was observed for either the male or female sample. Main effects models revealed consistent findings across subsamples. Greater thinness/restriction expectancies were associated with more dietary restriction, binge eating, and compensatory behaviors. Greater negative affect reduction expectancies were associated with more binge eating. Exploratory indirect effect models yielded significant effects of each expectancy category on disordered eating. CONCLUSION Expectancies may be independent risk factors for disordered eating. Disordered eating prevention and intervention efforts may benefit from explicitly targeting thinness/restriction and negative affect expectancies.
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16
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Momentary predictors of binge eating episodes and heavy drinking episodes in individuals with comorbid binge eating and heavy drinking. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:3145-3156. [PMID: 35864299 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The co-morbidity of binge eating and heavy drinking (BE + HD) is a serious concern due to the high prevalence rates and associated elevated severity. Clarifying the momentary factors that increase risk for binge eating and heavy drinking among BE + HD is important for expanding theoretical models of BE + HD and informing treatment recommendations. The current study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to compare the momentary processes maintaining binge eating between BE + HD and individuals with binge eating only (BE-only) and to identify the momentary risk factors for binge eating episodes and heavy drinking episodes among BE + HD. METHODS Participants (BE + HD: N = 14; BE-only: N = 37) were adults with clinically significant binge eating who completed between 7 and 14 days of EMA prior to treatment. RESULTS The presence of food and within-day dietary restraint predicted higher odds of binge eating for both groups. Among BE + HD, the presence of alcohol and dietary restraint increased risk for subsequent binge eating and subsequent heavy drinking, and the absence of food increased risk for subsequent heavy drinking. CONCLUSION These results offer preliminary support for treatment interventions for BE + HD that focus on reducing dietary restraint and teaching strategies for urge management in situations with palatable food or alcohol. Future research should study the maintenance mechanisms of BE + HD with larger, more diverse samples and using study design approaches with more experimenter control (i.e., laboratory experiments). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, multiple time series without intervention.
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17
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Parker MN, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Crosby RD, Shank LM, Kwarteng EA, Loch LK, Faulkner LM, Haynes HE, Gupta S, Fatima S, Dzombak JWP, Zenno A, Engel SG, Brady SM, Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. State negative affect in relation to loss-of-control eating among children and adolescents in the natural environment. Appetite 2022; 178:106166. [PMID: 35850381 PMCID: PMC9452488 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Affect regulation theory proposes that loss-of-control (LOC)-eating is preceded by increases and followed by decreases in negative affect (NA), but empirical tests of this theory among pediatric samples in the natural environment are needed. Using an ecological momentary assessment approach, we conducted post-hoc analyses to examine LOC-eating severity reported during post-meal surveys in relation to the intensity of composite NA and NA components (anger, anxiety, depression, guilt) throughout the day for two weeks in a cohort of healthy children and adolescents. Multilevel models tested the associations among LOC-eating severity and NA components reported at pre-meal surveys (t-1), post-meal surveys (t), and lagged post-meal surveys (t+1). Models were adjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, height, fat mass, socioeconomic status, and time between the occurrence and report of eating episodes; post-meal analyses were also adjusted for pre-meal NA. Participants age 8-17 (N = 100; 55% female; 45% male; 12.83 ± 2.73y; 24% with overweight/obesity) recorded 2410 eating episodes. Pre-meal composite NA and NA components were not associated with LOC-eating severity at the subsequent meal. LOC-eating severity was positively associated with post-meal depression (β = 0.042, 95% CI = 0.007, 0.076) and guilt (β = 0.056, 95% CI = 0.017, 0.095), but not composite negative affect, anger, or anxiety. The positive association among LOC-eating severity and guilt persisted in lagged post-meal analyses (β = 0.075, 95% CI = 0.021, 0.128). Contrary to affect regulation theory and laboratory data, but consistent with prior ecological momentary assessment data in children and adolescents, pre-meal NA was not linked to subsequent LOC-eating. Increased guilt following meals may be a mechanism for the development of exacerbated disordered eating. Longitudinal studies may elucidate how NA is implicated in the etiology of pediatric eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Parker
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA; Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, USA.
| | - Ross D Crosby
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research and University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, USA
| | - Lisa M Shank
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA; Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, USA; Metis Foundation, USA
| | - Esther A Kwarteng
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
| | - Lucy K Loch
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
| | - Loie M Faulkner
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
| | - Hannah E Haynes
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA; Department of Medicine, Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, USA; Metis Foundation, USA
| | - Suryaa Gupta
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
| | - Syeda Fatima
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
| | - Jesse W P Dzombak
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USU), USA; Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
| | - Anna Zenno
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
| | - Scott G Engel
- Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research and University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, USA
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
| | - Susan Z Yanovski
- Office of Obesity Research, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA
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18
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Kaden SJ, Dalton ED. Momentary fluctuations in emotional intelligence and stress predict changes in disordered eating. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36170498 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2122724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Low emotional intelligence and symptoms of disordered eating are connected, however, whether daily fluctuations in emotional intelligence predict daily changes in disordered eating symptoms has not been examined, nor has stress been explored as a potential moderator of this relationship. Participants: Participants were undergraduate students (n = 100). Methods: Participants completed baseline questionnaires, then responded to random ecological momentary assessment prompts 3 times daily for 2 weeks. Results: Results indicated that when individuals had higher momentary emotional intelligence, they had lower disordered eating at the same time point (within subjects estimate = -0.30, p < .001) and following time point (within subjects estimate = -0.08, p = 0.03). Momentary stress moderated the relationship between baseline emotional intelligence and momentary disordered eating (b = -0.02, p < .01). Conclusions: Changes in emotional intelligence predict day-to-day changes in disordered eating, and stress moderates the connection between emotional intelligence and disordered eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Kaden
- Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, USA
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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19
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Moscardini EH, Tucker RP. Psychometric Properties of an Online Administered Version of the Suicide Stroop Task. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Juarascio AS, Presseller EK, Wilkinson ML, Kelkar A, Srivastava P, Chen JY, Dengler J, Manasse SM, Medaglia J. Correcting the reward imbalance in binge eating: A pilot randomized trial of reward re-training treatment. Appetite 2022; 176:106103. [PMID: 35662619 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral treatments for psychological disorders characterized by reward-driven maladaptive behaviors (e.g., substance use disorder, eating disorders, behavioral addictions) primarily seek to reduce hyper-reward response to disorder-specific stimuli. Suboptimal outcomes for these treatments highlight the need to also target hypo-reward response to day-to-day life activities. The present study sought to conduct an initial test of a novel behavioral treatment, Reward Re-Training (RRT) to target hyper- and hypo-reward response in individuals with binge eating. Individuals with binge eating (N = 23) were randomly assigned to either 10 weeks of outpatient, group-based RRT treatment or a waitlist control. RRT was found to be feasible and acceptable, demonstrated large impacts on both hypo- and hyper-reward response (measured by self-report (pre-to post-treatment ηp2 range 0.38-0.58) and neural activation via fMRI), and was efficacious in reducing eating disorder pathology (ηp2 range 0.40-0.64, including binge eating, ηp2 = 0.64) compared to waitlist control (ηp2 range 0.00-0.04). This pilot data provides preliminary support for the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a novel treatment targeting reward imbalance for individuals with binge eating. Future evaluations of RRT may benefit from an active treatment comparison condition and a follow-up assessment to examine persistence of positive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne S Juarascio
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA; Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Emily K Presseller
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA; Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
| | - Megan L Wilkinson
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA; Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Apoorva Kelkar
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Paakhi Srivastava
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Joanna Y Chen
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Julia Dengler
- Department of Bioengineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie M Manasse
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - John Medaglia
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
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21
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Felonis CR, Boyajian L, Fan S, Drexler S, Fitzpatrick B, Payne-Reichert A, Manasse SM, Juarascio AS. Changes in affect from non-eating activity engagement as predictors of loss of control eating: an ecological momentary assessment study. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2229-2235. [PMID: 34846722 PMCID: PMC8631266 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Loss of control eating (LOCE) is supported as a maladaptive regulation strategy for high negative affect (NA) and low positive affect (PA). Yet, little is known about the day-to-day activities outside of eating that may precipitate such changes in affect and impact risk for LOCE. The current ecological momentary assessment study sought to examine whether (1) low NA and high PA at a given survey would prospectively predict lower likelihood of a LOCE episode at the next survey, and (2) having recently engaged in various non-eating activities would be associated with changes in average NA and PA levels at the same survey. METHODS Data collected from 66 participants with LOCE over 7-14 days were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS High NA but not low PA at a given survey prospectively predicted lower likelihood of a LOCE episode at the next survey. Having recently engaged in outdoor recreation and socializing was associated with lower than one's usual NA and higher than one's usual PA at the same survey, social media was associated with higher than one's usual NA and lower than one's usual PA, self-care was associated with higher than one's usual PA, and napping was associated with lower than one's usual PA. CONCLUSION Individuals may benefit from increasing the frequency of daily non-eating activities that reduce NA, since it appears to be a more salient predictor of LOCE than PA. Further research is needed to elucidate this LOCE maintenance model, particularly in regard to the role of PA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, multiple time series without intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Felonis
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Drexel University, Stratton Hall Room 273, 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Laura Boyajian
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie Fan
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Drexler
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brighid Fitzpatrick
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Adam Payne-Reichert
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie M Manasse
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Adrienne S Juarascio
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, 3201 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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22
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Howard LM, Mason TB, Crosby RD, Dvorak RD, Wonderlich SA, Smith KE. Using the acquired preparedness model to explore the role of eating expectancies and impulsivity in binge eating. Eat Disord 2022; 30:345-354. [PMID: 34383627 PMCID: PMC8837723 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2021.1924924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The acquired preparedness (AP) model of eating disorder (ED) risk suggests transaction between impulsive traits and eating expectancies, though there remains a lack of research investigating distinct facets of impulsivity within this framework. This study examined how different facets of impulsivity moderate associations between eating expectancies and binge-eating severity in daily life. Women with binge-eating symptoms (N = 40) completed surveys followed by 10 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Generalized estimating equations examined the independent and interactive effects of impulsivity facets and eating expectancies on EMA-measured binge-eating severity. Significant interactions were found between eating expectancies and emotional and behavioral impulsivity, but not a cognitive facet. Results suggest that among women high in emotional impulsivity, those with greater eating expectancies report higher binge-eating severity. Conversely, among those with lower behavioral impulsivity, those with lower eating expectancies report lower binge-eating severity. Future prospective work is needed with non-clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Howard
- The Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology, Norfolk, Virginia, US
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, US
| | - Ross D Crosby
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Health, Fargo, North Dakota, US.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota, US
| | - Robert D Dvorak
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, US
| | - Stephen A Wonderlich
- Center for Biobehavioral Research, Sanford Health, Fargo, North Dakota, US.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota, US
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, US
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23
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Ortiz AML, Davis HA, Riley EN, Smith GT. The interaction between affective lability and eating expectancies predicts binge eating. Eat Disord 2022; 30:331-344. [PMID: 33848234 PMCID: PMC8511350 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2021.1905449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Both affective lability and eating expectancies have been found to predict binge eating. There is the additional possibility that the joint effect of affective lability and eating expectancies incurs further risk: perhaps expectancies for affective relief from eating operate more strongly in those experiencing frequent, rapid shifts in emotion. In the current study, we tested whether such a joint effect predicts binge eating prospectively in college students. We assessed affective lability, eating expectancies, and binge eating in 358 college students at two time points during the first year of college (e.g., December and April). The interaction of affective lability and eating expectancies in December predicted binge eating 4 months later in April. The influence of eating expectancies on binge eating was stronger at higher levels of affective lability. Findings offer support to the hypothesis that risk factors may transact to further elevate risk for eating disorder behaviors.Clinical implicationsThe interaction of affective lability and eating expectancies predicts binge eatingRisk factors may interact to further increase binge eatingIdentification of co-occurring risk factors may have vital treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie L Ortiz
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Heather A Davis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth N Riley
- Center for Innovation in Population Health in the College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gregory T Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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24
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Mason TB, Dayag R, Dolgon-Krutolow A, Lam K, Zhang D. A systematic review of maladaptive interpersonal behaviors and eating disorder psychopathology. Eat Behav 2022; 45:101601. [PMID: 35221209 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
While maladaptive interpersonal behaviors have been implicated in models of psychopathology, particularly depression, maladaptive interpersonal behaviors have received limited attention in the eating disorder (ED) literature. Further, the extant literature on maladaptive interpersonal behaviors in relation to ED psychopathology has yet to be synthesized. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to characterize the literature on maladaptive interpersonal behaviors and ED psychopathology. Inclusion criteria for the review were: availability of the study in English, empirical journal article, inclusion of human subjects, and reporting an association between at least one maladaptive interpersonal behavior and one measure of ED psychopathology. Databases searched were PsycInfo and PubMed across all dates (up to September 2020). Data was extracted from articles, and main findings were synthesized; quality scores were provided using a modified version of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. There were 35 studies with 36 independent samples included in the review. Most studies evidenced significant bivariate associations between maladaptive interpersonal behaviors and ED psychopathology. That is, higher levels of maladaptive interpersonal behaviors were generally associated with greater disordered eating, bulimic symptoms, and body image concerns. Although limited to a minority of studies, some studies identified prospective associations and significant mediators and moderators of associations. This systematic review supports further research on maladaptive interpersonal behaviors and ED psychopathology. Given a number of significant limitations in the literature identified in this review, there are an array of avenues for future research on maladaptive interpersonal behaviors and ED psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Rachel Dayag
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Dolgon-Krutolow
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kathy Lam
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diana Zhang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Mason TB, Do B, Chu D, Belcher BR, Dunton GF, Lopez NV. Associations among affect, diet, and activity and binge-eating severity using ecological momentary assessment in a non-clinical sample of middle-aged fathers. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:543-551. [PMID: 33866535 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Knowledge of within-day factors associated with binge-eating severity among middle-aged fathers is limited. The purpose of the current report was to examine within-day associations of affect, diet, and activity in relation to binge-eating severity using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in men. METHODS Twenty-three middle-aged fathers completed 8 days of EMA and wore accelerometers to objectively assess activity. Generalized estimating equations assessed relationships among affect, diet, and activity and binge-eating severity. RESULTS When positive affect was above average, men reported greater binge-eating severity in the next 2 h. Oppositely, when negative affect was above average, men reported less binge-eating severity in the next 2 h. At times when men reported consumption of sweets and fast food, they reported higher binge-eating severity during the same 2-h window. Men with greater average levels of light activity reported less overall binge-eating severity. CONCLUSIONS Findings show that affect, unhealthy food intake, and light activity could be targeted among middle-aged fathers to reduce binge-eating severity and prevent eating disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Bridgette Do
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Daniel Chu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Britni R Belcher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Nanette V Lopez
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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Mattingley S, Youssef GJ, Manning V, Graeme L, Hall K. Distress tolerance across substance use, eating, and borderline personality disorders: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 300:492-504. [PMID: 34986376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distress tolerance (DT) has received increased attention in recent years due to its purported role in dysregulated behaviours and their clinical manifestations, such as problematic substance use (PSU), disordered eating behaviours (e.g., binge-eating and purging; DEB), and borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptomatology. Despite the proposed transdiagnostic utility of DT across PSU, DEB, and BPD, there has yet to be a systematic and comprehensive examination characterising and comparing its association with this class of impulsive-type psychopathology. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across five electronic databases using search terms designed to capture extant literature on the association between DT and PSU, DEB, and BPD symptomatology. A series of meta-analyses were undertaken on correlation coefficients from 81 studies to examine the association between DT and each psychopathology domain, as well as impulsive-type psychopathology overall. Moderator analyses were conducted to examine whether these relationships were moderated by DT measurement type, sample type, age, and gender. RESULTS DT shared significant, negative, medium correlations with PSU (r = -.18,), DEB (r = -.20), and BPD symptomatology (r = -.27). The magnitude of these associations was not significantly different across the three psychopathology domains, supporting transdiagnostic conceptualisation. DT measurement type, age, and sample type moderated several of these indicated relationships. LIMITATIONS The majority of studies were conducted in adult samples from Western countries, limiting understanding of these relationships across development and different cultures. CONCLUSIONS The present findings support the putative transdiagnostic role of DT across PSU, DEB, and BPD, which may ultimately inform novel, cross-cutting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George J Youssef
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, School of Psychology; Centre for Drug Use, Addictive, and Anti-social Behaviour Research (CEDAAR), Deakin University, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Victoria Manning
- Monash Addiction Research Centre (MARC), Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, Australia
| | - Liam Graeme
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, School of Psychology
| | - Kate Hall
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, School of Psychology; Centre for Drug Use, Addictive, and Anti-social Behaviour Research (CEDAAR), Deakin University, Australia.
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Dreier MJ, Wang SB, Nock MK, Hooley JM. Attentional biases towards food and body stimuli among individuals with disordered eating versus food allergies. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2021; 73:101657. [PMID: 34004497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2021.101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Individuals with disordered eating display heightened attentional biases towards food- and body-related stimuli. However, it is unknown whether these attentional biases reflect maladaptive thinking/eating pathology. We investigated the differences between maladaptive and adaptive ways of thinking about food by assessing food- and body-related attentional biases among individuals with disordered eating, participants with peanut allergies (i.e., individuals who think frequently about food in an adaptive manner), and healthy controls. We also examined the extent to which negative mood and rumination exacerbated attentional biases among those in these groups. METHOD Three hundred and twenty-one individuals with disordered eating (n = 139), peanut allergies (n = 60), and healthy controls (n = 122) completed food- and body-based Stroop tasks prior to and following a cognitive rumination task designed to increase negative mood. RESULTS Individuals with disordered eating and individuals with peanut allergies had significantly worse performance on the food and body Stroop tasks relative to healthy controls at baseline (ps < .001). However, there were no perceived differences in performance by group following rumination. LIMITATIONS The cognitive rumination task heightened negative mood for those in the disordered eating group but not for those in the peanut allergy or healthy control groups. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that frequent thoughts involving food are associated with attentional biases towards food and body stimuli. This appears to be the case regardless of whether these frequent thoughts are due to disordered eating or to fear of an allergic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Dreier
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shirley B Wang
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jill M Hooley
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Schaefer LM, Smith KE, Dvorak R, Crosby RD, Wonderlich SA. Eating expectancies and reinforcement learning: a state-based test of affect regulation and expectancy models in the natural environment. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2263-2269. [PMID: 33386588 PMCID: PMC8628297 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Affect regulation and expectancy-based models suggest that improvement in affect following binge-eating (BE) episodes contributes to increased eating expectancies, which then promote BE maintenance. METHODS The current pilot study utilized ecological momentary assessment to examine the prospective independent and interactive effects of eating reinforcement experiences [operationalized as reductions in negative affect (NA) following BE episodes] and eating expectancies on subsequent BE behavior among 17 women with recurrent BE. RESULTS Greater reductions in momentary NA following a BE episode (i.e., greater reinforcement) predicted higher levels of eating expectancies on the following day. Further, current eating expectancies interacted with proximal reinforcement history to predict future BE episodes. Participants were more likely to report BE episodes on days that were characterized by higher eating expectancies and preceded immediately by a day during which they experienced greater reinforcement from BE. CONCLUSION These preliminary results are consistent with affect regulation and expectancy-based models of BE, suggesting a dynamic and potentially modifiable process of reward-based learning associated with BE behavior. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, multiple time series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Schaefer
- Sanford Research, Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Fargo, ND, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Smith
- Sanford Research, Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Fargo, ND, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Dvorak
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ross D Crosby
- Sanford Research, Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Fargo, ND, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Stephen A Wonderlich
- Sanford Research, Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Fargo, ND, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, ND, USA
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Smith KE, Mason TB, Reilly EE, Hazzard VM, Borg SL, Dvorak R, Crosby RD, Wonderlich SA. Examining prospective mediational relationships between momentary rumination, negative affect, and binge eating using ecological momentary assessment. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021; 5:100138. [PMID: 34458883 PMCID: PMC8388245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rumination is linked to negative affect (NA), and there is accumulating support for an association between rumination and eating disorder (ED) behaviors. However, no research has examined the dynamic interrelationships between negative affect, rumination, and binge eating in naturalistic settings. METHODS The present study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess the hypotheses that momentary rumination would mediate relationships between NA and binge eating, and momentary NA would mediate relationships between rumination and binge eating. Given that rumination may be focused on weight, shape, and food in ED samples, models were examined separately for general and ED-specific rumination. Forty women completed a 10-day EMA protocol that included measures of NA, general and ED-specific rumination, and binge eating. RESULTS Multilevel mediation models indicated significant within-subjects indirect effects, such that momentary general rumination mediated the association between NA and binge eating, and NA also mediated the association between general but not ED-specific rumination and binge eating. Between-subjects effects indicated women with higher overall NA reported greater ED-specific rumination, which was associated with greater binge eating. LIMITATIONS The study was limited by a modest sample size, and the design precludes causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the momentary interplay between rumination and NA as a mechanism underlying binge eating, as well as the specificity of ruminative thought content in relationship to binge eating. Future work is needed to address the construct of rumination in the context of eating disorder interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, #2200, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Erin E. Reilly
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, United States
| | - Vivienne M. Hazzard
- Sanford Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Sanford Health, Faro, North Dakota, United States
| | - Skylar L. Borg
- Sanford Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Sanford Health, Faro, North Dakota, United States
| | - Robert Dvorak
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Ross D. Crosby
- Sanford Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Sanford Health, Faro, North Dakota, United States
| | - Stephen A. Wonderlich
- Sanford Center for Bio-Behavioral Research, Sanford Health, Faro, North Dakota, United States
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Arigo D, Mogle JA, Smyth JM. Relations between social comparisons and physical activity among women in midlife with elevated risk for cardiovascular disease: an ecological momentary assessment study. J Behav Med 2021; 44:579-590. [PMID: 33982214 PMCID: PMC8115872 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-021-00229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Women in midlife (ages 40–60) show decreases in physical activity (PA) that exacerbate risk for cardiovascular disease. Social comparisons (i.e., self-evaluations relative to others) are known to influence PA in other groups, but their association in this population is unknown. The present study used ecological momentary assessment to examine this relation among women in midlife with hypertension or another CVD risk condition (N = 75, MBMI = 34.0 kg/m2). Participants completed 5 surveys per day and wore tri-axial accelerometers for 10 days. PA engagement was lower after women reported more comparisons than were typical for them (7–14% reductions in PA for each additional comparison). These relations varied across days of observation and relations were positive on 34–58% of days. Findings call for careful consideration of how best to harness any potential benefits of social comparison for promoting PA in this and other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Arigo
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Robinson Hall 116G, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA. .,Department of Family Medicine, Rowan School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA.
| | - Jacqueline A Mogle
- Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Departments of Biobehavioral Health and Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Mason TB, Smith KE, Anderson LM, Hazzard VM. Anhedonia, positive affect dysregulation, and risk and maintenance of binge-eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:287-292. [PMID: 33295671 PMCID: PMC8673784 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Low positive affect has been identified as an antecedent of binge-eating episodes among individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED), yet positive affect has received far less attention in eating disorders research than its counterpart, negative affect. In this article, we argue that the low levels of positive affect which occur with anhedonia (i.e., loss of interest or pleasure in activities) may contribute to the onset and maintenance of BED. We introduce a theoretical model in which anhedonia increases the risk for BED through its interrelationships with dysregulated eating and weight gain, and we describe potential direct (e.g., reward-related processes) as well as indirect (e.g., influences on depressive symptoms and physical activity) pathways by which anhedonia may lead to adverse eating- and weight-related outcomes. We also propose a momentary maintenance model in which low positive affect and positive affect dysregulation occurring with anhedonia maintain binge eating directly and indirectly through maladaptive health behaviors, such as decreased physical activity, less healthy eating, and fewer social interactions, which in turn maintain anhedonia. We draw upon outside literature to present evidence that aligns with the proposed risk and maintenance models and conclude by outlining avenues for future research-including methodological/measurement, theoretical, and clinical research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kathryn E. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lisa M. Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
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Conceição E, de Lourdes M, Ramalho S, Félix S, Pinto-Bastos A, Vaz AR. Eating behaviors and weight outcomes in bariatric surgery patients amidst COVID-19. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 17:1165-1174. [PMID: 33812789 PMCID: PMC7908843 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggest that eating habits are an area particularly affected by the lockdown imposed by many countries to curb the COVID-19 epidemic. Individuals that received bariatric surgery may represent a particularly susceptible population to the adverse effects of lockdown for its potential impact on eating, psychological, and weight loss outcomes. Objectives This study seeks to investigate the incremental impact of COVID-19 lockdown on treatment outcomes of postbariatric patients in the risk period for weight regain. Setting Main hospital center. Methods This work uses data from an ongoing longitudinal study of bariatric patients assessed before surgery (T0), 1.5 years after sugery (T1), and 3 years after surgery (T2). Two independent groups were compared: the COVID-19_Group (n = 35) where T0 and T1 assessments were conducted before the pandemic started and T2 assessment was conducted at the end of the mandatory COVID-19 lockdown; and the NonCOVID-19_Group (n = 66), covering patients who completed T0, T1, and T2 assessments before the epidemic began. Assessment included self-report measures for disordered eating, negative urgency, depression, anxiety, stress, and weight outcomes. Results General linear models for repeated measures showed that the COVID-19_Group presented significantly higher weight concern (F = 8.403, P = .005, ƞ2p = .094), grazing behavior (F = 7.166, P = .009, ƞ2p = .076), and negative urgency (F = 4.522, P = .036, ƞ2p = .05) than the NonCOVID-19_Group. The COVID-19_Group also showed less total weight loss (F = 4.029, P = .05, ƞ2p = .04) and larger weight regain at T2, with more COVID-19_Group participants experiencing excessive weight regain (20% versus 4.5%). Conclusion These results show evidence for the impact of the coronavirus outbreak on eating-related psychopathology and weight outcomes in postbariatric surgery patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Conceição
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
| | | | - Sofia Ramalho
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Félix
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Rita Vaz
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Mikhail ME. Affect Dysregulation in Context: Implications and Future Directions of Experience Sampling Research on Affect Regulation Models of Loss of Control Eating. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:747854. [PMID: 34646178 PMCID: PMC8502879 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.747854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of control eating is a core, transdiagnostic eating disorder symptom associated with psychological distress, functional impairment, and reduced quality of life. However, the factors that contribute to persistent loss of control eating despite negative consequences are not fully understood. Understanding the mechanisms that maintain loss of control eating is crucial to advance treatments that interrupt these processes. Affect regulation models of loss of control eating hypothesize that negative emotions trigger loss of control eating, and that loss of control eating is negatively reinforced because it temporarily decreases negative affect. Several variations on this basic affect regulation model have been proposed, including theories suggesting that negative affect decreases during loss of control eating rather than afterwards (escape theory), and that loss of control eating replaces one negative emotion with another that is less aversive (trade-off theory). Experience sampling designs that measure negative affect and eating behavior multiple times per day are optimally suited to examining the nuanced predictions of these affect regulation models in people's everyday lives. This paper critically reviews experience sampling studies examining associations between negative affect and loss of control eating, and discusses the implications for different affect regulation models of loss of control eating. The review concludes by proposing an expanded affect-focused model of loss of control eating that incorporates trait-level individual differences and momentary biological and environmental variables to guide future research. Clinical implications and recommendations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Mikhail
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Ecological momentary assessment in eating disorders research: recent findings and promising new directions. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2020; 33:528-533. [PMID: 32740204 PMCID: PMC7780347 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is an important tool for clarifying common precipitants and consequences of eating disorder symptoms that might be meaningfully targeted in treatments for these pernicious disorders. This article reviews recent advances in EMA work conducted within clinical eating disorder samples. RECENT FINDINGS Published studies from the past 2.5 years can broadly be categorized as involving functional analysis of eating disorder behaviors, examining hypothesized predictors of eating disorder symptoms, or applying novel approaches to EMA data. Examples of the latter category include the use of latent profile analysis with EMA data, integration of neurocognitive (e.g., ambulatory inhibitory control task) or biological indicators (e.g., fMRI, plasma leptin), and examining changes in associations between momentary variables over time through multiwave EMA data collection. SUMMARY EMA studies in eating disorders have advanced significantly in recent years, with findings demonstrating strong support for the emotion regulation function of eating disorder behaviors and momentary predictors of distinct eating disorder symptoms. The use of novel statistical and data collection approaches represent exciting areas of growth, with likely implications for intervention approaches, including those that utilize ambulatory technology to deliver treatment.
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Food-related attentional bias and its associations with appetitive motivation and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite 2020; 157:104986. [PMID: 33039507 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical models suggest that food-related visual attentional bias (AB) may be related to appetitive motivational states and individual differences in body weight; however, findings in this area are equivocal. We conducted a systematic review and series of meta-analyses to determine if there is a positive association between food-related AB and: (1.) body mass index (BMI) (number of effect sizes (k) = 110), (2.) hunger (k = 98), (3.) subjective craving for food (k = 35), and (4.) food intake (k = 44). Food-related AB was robustly associated with craving (r = 0.134 (95% CI 0.061, 0.208); p < .001), food intake (r = 0.085 (95% CI 0.038, 0.132); p < .001), and hunger (r = 0.048 (95% CI 0.016, 0.079); p = .003), but these correlations were small. Food-related AB was unrelated to BMI (r = 0.008 (95% CI -0.020, 0.035); p = .583) and this result was not moderated by type of food stimuli, method of AB assessment, or the subcomponent of AB that was examined. Furthermore, in a between-groups analysis (k = 22) which directly compared participants with overweight/obesity to healthy-weight control groups, there was no evidence for an effect of weight status on food-related AB (Hedge's g = 0.104, (95% CI -0.050, 0.258); p = .186). Taken together, these findings suggest that food-related AB is sensitive to changes in the motivational value of food, but is unrelated to individual differences in body weight. Our findings question the traditional view of AB as a trait-like index of preoccupation with food and have implications for novel theoretical perspectives on the role of food AB in appetite control and obesity.
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