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Sorokhaibam SS, Chandra A, Baishya R, Barik SK, Goel S, Tandon R. Contradistinctive floral attributes, pollination guilds and their consequence on the outcrossing rate in two elevational morphs of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1355680. [PMID: 38606073 PMCID: PMC11007036 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1355680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Infraspecific floral trait variations may appear in response to elevational differences in alpine plant species. There is enormous information on the selection of such morphs mediated by biotic and/or abiotic variables. Whether such differences contribute to differences in reproductive strategy and mating outcomes is rarely investigated. We investigated these aspects in two distinct elevational floral morphs (Red and Pink) of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. in Western Himalaya. The red morphs occupy the lower elevations while pink morphs the higher elevations. The two morphs differ in floral traits like phenology, dimension, display, quality of floral rewards, and pollinators that happen to influence interaction with available pollinator pool at each elevation. The pink morph exhibits entomophily, while the red ones show ornithophily. Although experimental pollinations established that both the morphs are self-compatible, selfing results in significantly lower fruit-set than either cross- or open-pollinations. The outcrossing rate in the red morph, as determined by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, was higher (tm=0.82) than that in the pink morph (tm=0.76), with a tendency of the latter to be shifting towards mixed-mating strategy. However, the extent of biparental inbreeding was comparable among the two morphs. It is inferred that the differences in the mating outcomes among the morphs in the tree species are linked to those emerging from floral traits and the pollination by different functional groups of floral visitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atika Chandra
- Department of Botany, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratul Baishya
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Saroj Kanta Barik
- Department of Botany, Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | | | - Rajesh Tandon
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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2
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Maguiña‐Conde R, Zuñiga‐Rivas D, Kay KM. An elevational gradient in floral traits and pollinator assemblages in the Neotropical species Costus guanaiensis var. tarmicus in Peru. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10314. [PMID: 37529588 PMCID: PMC10375365 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Different populations of plant species can adapt to their local pollinators and diverge in floral traits accordingly. Floral traits are subject to pollinator-driven natural selection to enhance plant reproductive success. Studies on temperate plant systems have shown pollinator-driven selection results in floral trait variation along elevational gradients, but studies in tropical systems are lacking. We analyzed floral traits and pollinator assemblages in the Neotropical bee-pollinated taxon Costus guanaiensis var. tarmicus across four sites along a steep elevational gradient in Peru. We found variations in floral traits of size, color, and reward, and in the pollinator assemblage along the elevational gradient. We examined our results considering two hypotheses, (1) local adaptation to different bee assemblages, and (2) the early stages of an evolutionary shift to a new pollinator functional group (hummingbirds). We found some evidence consistent with the adaptation of C. guanaiensis var. tarmicus to the local bee fauna along the studied elevational gradient. Corolla width across sites was associated with bee thorax width of the local most frequent pollinator. However, we could not rule out the possibility of the beginning of a bee-to-hummingbird pollination shift in the highest-studied site. Our study is one of the few geographic-scale analyses of floral trait and pollinator assemblage variation in tropical plant species. Our results broaden our understanding of plant-pollinator interactions beyond temperate systems by showing substantial intraspecific divergence in both floral traits and pollinator assemblages across geographic space in a tropical plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Maguiña‐Conde
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Dorali Zuñiga‐Rivas
- Laboratorio de EntomologíaUniversidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del CuscoCuscoPeru
| | - Kathleen M. Kay
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology DepartmentUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
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3
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Hasegawa TM, Itagaki T, Sakai S. Intraspecific variation in morphology of spiny pollen grains along an altitudinal gradient in an insect-pollinated shrub. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:287-295. [PMID: 36440587 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific variations in pollen morphological traits are poorly studied. Interspecific variations are often associated with pollination systems and pollinator types. Altitudinal environmental changes, which can influence local pollinator assemblages, provide opportunities to explore differentiation in pollen traits of a single species over short distances. The aim of this study is to examine intraspecific variations in pollen traits of an insect-pollinated shrub, Weigela hortensis (Caprifoliaceae), along an altitudinal gradient. Pollen spine phenotypes (length, number and density), pollen diameter, lipid mass (pollenkitt) around pollen grains, pollen production per flower and pollinator assemblages were compared at four sites at different altitudes. Spine length and the spine length/diameter ratio of pollen grains were greater at higher altitudes but not correlated with flower or plant size. Spine number and density increased as flower size increased, and pollen lipid mass decreased as plant size increased. Bees were the predominant pollinators at low-altitude sites whereas flies, specifically Oligoneura spp. (Acroceridae), increased in relative abundance with increasing altitude. The results of this study suggest that the increase in spine length with altitude was the result of selection favouring longer spines at higher-altitude sites and/or shorter spines at lower-altitude sites. The altitudinal variation in selection pressure on spine length could reflect changes in local pollinator assemblages with altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - T Itagaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Sakai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
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4
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Becker L, Blüthgen N, Drossel B. Stochasticity Leads to Coexistence of Generalists and Specialists in Assembling Mutualistic Communities. Am Nat 2022; 200:303-315. [DOI: 10.1086/720421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Toji T, Hirota SK, Ishimoto N, Suyama Y, Itino T. Intraspecific independent evolution of floral spur length in response to local flower visitor size in Japanese
Aquilegia
in different mountain regions. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8668. [PMID: 35261751 PMCID: PMC8888250 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Toji
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology Shinshu University Matsumoto Japan
| | - Shun K. Hirota
- Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Osaki Japan
| | | | - Yoshihisa Suyama
- Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Osaki Japan
| | - Takao Itino
- Faculty of Science Shinshu University Matsumoto Japan
- Department of Biology and Institute of Mountain Science Shinshu University Matsumoto Japan
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6
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Zhou T, Ning K, Zhang W, Chen H, Lu X, Zhang D, El-Kassaby YA, Bian J. Phenotypic variation of floral organs in flowering crabapples and its taxonomic significance. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:503. [PMID: 34717537 PMCID: PMC8557024 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In angiosperms, phenotypic variation of floral organs is often considered as the traditional basis for the evolutionary relationship of different taxonomic groups above the species level. However, little is known about that at or below the species level. Here, we experimentally tested the phenotypic variation of Malus floral organs using combined methods of intraspecific uniformity test, interspecific distinctness analysis, principal component analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and Q-type cluster analysis. The ancestor-inclined distribution characteristic analysis of Malus species and cultivars floral attributes was also carried out, so as to explore its taxonomic significance. RESULTS 15/44 phenotypic traits (e.g., flower shape, flower type, flower diameter, ...) were highly consistent, distinguishable, and independent and could be used as the basis for Malus germplasm taxonomy. The studied 142 taxa were divided into two groups (A, B) and five sub-groups (A1, A2, B1, B2, B3), with significantly variable floral phenotypic attributes between groups and within sub-groups. Malus natural species were relatively clustered in the same section (series) while homologous cultivars showed evidence of ancestor-inclined distribution characteristics. However, no significant correlation between the evolutionary order of sections (Sect. Docyniopsis → Sect. Chloromeles → Sect. Sorbomalus → Sect. Eumalus) and group/sub-groups (B3 → B2 → B1 → A). CONCLUSIONS Phenotypic variation of floral organs could better explore the genetic relationship between Malus taxa. The findings improved our cognition of floral phenotypic variation taxonomic significance under the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Kun Ning
- College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210038, P.R. China
| | - Wangxiang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Donglin Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Yousry A El-Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jian Bian
- Jiangsu Yufeng Tourism Development Co. Ltd., Yancheng, 224000, China
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7
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Chen W, Wang L, Wang J, Joshi S, Xiang S, Tariq A, Liu X, Liao Y, Wu Y. Divergent Responses of Floral Traits of Lonicera nervosa to Altitudinal Gradients at the Eastern Margin of Hengduan Mountains. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.719838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding phenotypic responses is crucial for predicting and managing the effects of environmental change on native species. Color and display size are typically used to evaluate the utilization value of ornamental plants, which are also important ornamental characters of Lonicera nervosa Maxim. (L. nervosa). However, there is limited documentation of its floral environmental adaptation. The environmental conditions for the development of an organism changes with altitudinal variation. The aim of this research was to find flower trait variability maintenance and the tradeoff among the organs in five different populations of L. nervosa growing at distinct altitudes. We investigated the distribution patterns of floral color, floral display, and biomass tradeoff along a 700-m altitude gradient from 2,950 to 3,650 m. One-way ANOVA analysis was performed to assess the variability of flower traits and floral color across different altitudes. Moreover, correlations and tradeoffs between flowers and vegetative organs were also observed at different altitude ranges. The results indicated that L. nervosa flowers had a strong adaptability along the elevation and divergent altitude-range-specific patterns, which was divided by an altitude breakpoint at around 3,300 m. Below 3,300 m, petal lightness (petal L) decreased, but total floral display area (TFDA), individual floral dry mass (IFDM), and total floral dry mass (TFDM) increased with an increase in altitude. Whereas, above 3,300 m no significant difference was observed in petal L, TFDA, IFDM, and TFDM decreased slightly with an increase in altitude. The responsibility for the selection on floral color at a lower altitude was stronger than that at a higher altitude, while the selection agents on floral biomass had significant effects within the entire altitude range. However, the effects on floral biomass were opposite on both sides of 3,300 m. Thus, floral trait and floral color can be useful indicators for the domestication of horticultural plants and help to evaluate and initiate management and conservation actions.
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8
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Kuppler J, Kotowska MM. A meta-analysis of responses in floral traits and flower-visitor interactions to water deficit. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:3095-3108. [PMID: 33774883 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in water availability and drought events as predicted by climate change scenarios will increasingly impact natural communities with effects already emerging at present. Water deficit leads to increasing physiological stress in plants, likely affecting floral development and causing changes in floral morphology, nectar and pollen production or scent. Understanding how these floral traits are altered by water deficit is necessary to predict changes in plant-pollinator interactions and how communities are impacted in the future. Here we employ a meta-analysis approach to synthesize the current evidence of experimental water deficit on floral traits and plant-pollinator interactions. Furthermore, we explore experimental factors potentially increasing heterogeneity between studies and provide ideas how to enhance comparability between studies. In the end, we highlight future directions and knowledge gaps for floral traits and plant-pollinator interactions under water deficit. Our analysis showed consistent decreases in floral size, number of flowers and nectar volume to reduced water availability. Other floral traits such as the start of flowering or herkogamy showed no consistent pattern. This indicates that effects of reduced water availability differ between specific traits that are potentially involved in different functions such as pollinator attraction or efficiency. We found no general decreasing visitation rates with water deficit for flower-visitor interactions. Furthermore, the comparison of available studies suggests that increased reporting of plant stress severity and including more hydraulic and physiological measurements will improve the comparability across experiments and aid a more mechanistic understanding of plant-pollinator interactions under altered environmental conditions. Overall, our results show that water deficit has the potential to strongly affect plant-pollinator interactions via changes in specific floral traits. Linking these changes to pollination services and pollinator performance is one crucial step for understanding how changing water availability and drought events under climate change will alter plant and pollinator communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kuppler
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martyna M Kotowska
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Naghiloo S, Nikzat-Siahkolaee S, Esmaillou Z. Size-matching as an important driver of plant-pollinator interactions. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2021; 23:583-591. [PMID: 33655638 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in ecology is to understand and predict the functional outcome of interaction networks. Size-matching between plants and pollinators is one of the key functional traits expected to play a major role in structuring plant-pollinator interactions. However, the community-wide patterns of size-matching remain largely unexplored. We studied the association between the degree of size-matching and foraging efficiency, pollination efficiency and the probability of pairwise interactions in a community of Lamiaceae. Our study revealed that foraging efficiency is maximal when bee proboscis length corresponds to the corolla tube depth of the flower visited. Pollination efficiency was maximal when the bee body height corresponds to the corolla width of the flower visited. While the degree of size-matching did not influence the probability of interaction, it significantly influenced the strength of the interaction in terms of visitation frequency. We suggest a size-matching index as a reliable metric to predict the frequency of interactions as well as the effectiveness of visits in terms of foraging efficiency and pollination efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naghiloo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Nikzat-Siahkolaee
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Esmaillou
- Department of Horticulture, Urmia University, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Esposito F, Costa R, Boieiro M. Foraging Behavior and Pollen Transport by Flower Visitors of the Madeira Island Endemic Echium candicans. Insects 2021; 12:insects12060488. [PMID: 34074007 PMCID: PMC8225069 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The successful conservation of many endangered island plants depends on the pollination services provided by animals. In this study, we identify the flower visitors of Echium candicans, a charismatic plant exclusive to the island of Madeira, and also evaluate their performance as pollinators by analyzing their behavior on the flowers and the pollen they transport on their body. We found that many different animals visit this plant’s flowers, from insects to reptiles, but bees were the most frequent visitors. Large bees visited more flowers and transported more pollen of Echium candicans compared to other pollinators, like butterflies and hoverflies. However, by visiting many flowers in the same plant large bees might contribute to inbreeding, whilst the other animals visited fewer flowers in each plant favoring outcrossing. We conclude that the different flower visitors of Echium candicans provide complementary services as pollinators and highlight the importance of having diverse communities of pollinators to ensure successful pollination in many island plants. Abstract The study of flower visitor behavior and pollen transport dynamics within and between plants can be of great importance, especially for threatened or rare plant species. In this work, we aim to assess the flower visitor assemblage of the Madeiran endemic Echium candicans and evaluate the performance of the most common visitors through the analysis of their foraging behavior and pollen loads. The flower visitor assemblage of E. candicans is diverse, including several insect groups and the endemic lizard Teira dugesii, but bees are the most common visitors. In general, large bees (Amegilla quadrifasciata, Apis mellifera, and Bombus spp.) had the highest average visitation rates (>18 flowers/min) and their pollen loads had higher percentages of homospecific pollen (>66%) when compared with butterflies and hoverflies. The honeybee (Apis mellifera) and two bumblebees (Bombus terrestris and B. ruderatus) were the most efficient flower visitors of E. candicans, but their foraging behavior seems to favor geitonogamy. Other visitors, such as butterflies and the small bee Lasioglossum wollastoni, may have a complementary role to the honeybee and bumblebee species, as their high mobility is associated with fewer flower visits on each plant and may promote xenogamy. Two non-native bees (A. mellifera and B. ruderatus) are important flower visitors of E. candicans and may contribute mostly to self-pollination rendering the endemic plant more vulnerable to inbreeding effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Esposito
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricardo Costa
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Mário Boieiro
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal;
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11
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Toji T, Ishimoto N, Egawa S, Nakase Y, Hattori M, Itino T. Intraspecific convergence of floral size correlates with pollinator size on different mountains: a case study of a bumblebee-pollinated Lamium (Lamiaceae) flowers in Japan. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:64. [PMID: 33894742 PMCID: PMC8067403 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01796-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Geographic differences in floral size sometimes reflect geographic differences in pollinator size. However, we know little about whether this floral size specialization to the regional pollinator size occurred independently at many places or occurred once and then spread across the distribution range of the plant species. Results We investigated the relationship between the local floral size of flowers and local pollinator size in 12 populations of Lamium album var. barbatum on two different mountains in the Japan Alps. Then, using 10 microsatellite markers, we analyzed genetic differentiation among the 12 populations. The results showed that local floral size was correlated with the average size of relevant morphological traits of the local pollinators: floral size was greater in populations visited frequently by the largest flower visitors, Bombus consobrinus queens, than it was in other populations. We also found that the degree of genetic similarity between populations more closely reflected interpopulation geographic proximity than interpopulation similarity in floral size. Conclusions Although genetic similarity of populations was highly associated with geographic proximity, floral size varied independently of geographic proximity and was associated with local pollinator size. These results suggest that in L. album var. barbatum, large floral size evolved independently in populations on different mountains as a convergent adaptation to locally abundant large bumblebee species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01796-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Toji
- Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 3-1-1 Asahi, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Ishimoto
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 3-1-1 Asahi, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Shin Egawa
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 3-1-1 Asahi, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakase
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 3-1-1 Asahi, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hattori
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takao Itino
- Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 3-1-1 Asahi, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.,Department of Biology and Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 3-1-1 Asahi, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan
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12
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Schroeder H, Grab H, Kessler A, Poveda K. Human-Mediated Land Use Change Drives Intraspecific Plant Trait Variation. Front Plant Sci 2021; 11:592881. [PMID: 33519849 PMCID: PMC7840540 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.592881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the Anthropocene, more than three quarters of ice-free land has experienced some form of human-driven habitat modification, with agriculture dominating 40% of the Earth's surface. This land use change alters the quality, availability, and configuration of habitat resources, affecting the community composition of plants and insects, as well as their interactions with each other. Landscapes dominated by agriculture are known to support a lower abundance and diversity of pollinators and frequently larger populations of key herbivore pests. In turn, insect communities subsidized by agriculture may spill into remaining natural habitats with consequences for wild plants persisting in (semi) natural habitats. Adaptive responses by wild plants may allow them to persist in highly modified landscapes; yet how landscape-mediated variation in insect communities affects wild plant traits related to reproduction and defense remains largely unknown. We synthesize the evidence for plant trait changes across land use gradients and propose potential mechanisms by which landscape-mediated changes in insect communities may be driving these trait changes. Further, we present results from a common garden experiment on three wild Brassica species demonstrating variation in both defensive and reproductive traits along an agricultural land use gradient. Our framework illustrates the potential for plant adaptation under land use change and predicts how defense and reproduction trait expression may shift in low diversity landscapes. We highlight areas of future research into plant population and community effects of land use change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Schroeder
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Heather Grab
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - André Kessler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Katja Poveda
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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13
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Toji T, Ishimoto N, Itino T. Seasonal change of flower sex ratio and pollinator dynamics in three reproductive ecotypes of protandrous plant. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Toji
- Department of Science and Technology Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology Shinshu University Matsumoto3‐1‐1 AsahiNagano390‐8621Japan
| | - Natsumi Ishimoto
- Faculty of Science Shinshu University Matsumoto3‐1‐1 AsahiNagano390‐8621Japan
| | - Takao Itino
- Faculty of Science Shinshu University Matsumoto3‐1‐1 AsahiNagano390‐8621Japan
- Institute of Mountain Science Shinshu University Matsumoto3‐1‐1 AsahiNagano390‐8621Japan
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14
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Egawa S, Hirose K, Itino T. Geographic changes in pollinator species composition affect the corolla tube length of self‐heal (
Prunella vulgaris
L.): Evidence from three elevational gradients. Ecol Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Egawa
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University Matsumoto Japan
| | - Koyo Hirose
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University Matsumoto Japan
| | - Takao Itino
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University Matsumoto Japan
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15
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Peralta G, Vázquez DP, Chacoff NP, Lomáscolo SB, Perry GLW, Tylianakis JM. Trait matching and phenological overlap increase the spatio-temporal stability and functionality of plant-pollinator interactions. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:1107-1116. [PMID: 32418369 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Morphology and phenology influence plant-pollinator network structure, but whether they generate more stable pairwise interactions with higher pollination success remains unknown. Here we evaluate the importance of morphological trait matching, phenological overlap and specialisation for the spatio-temporal stability (measured as variability) of plant-pollinator interactions and for pollination success, while controlling for species' abundance. To this end, we combined a 6-year plant-pollinator interaction dataset, with information on species traits, phenologies, specialisation, abundance and pollination success, into structural equation models. Interactions among abundant plants and pollinators with well-matched traits and phenologies formed the stable and functional backbone of the pollination network, whereas poorly matched interactions were variable in time and had lower pollination success. We conclude that phenological overlap could be more useful for predicting changes in species interactions than species abundances, and that non-random extinction of species with well-matched traits could decrease the stability of interactions within communities and reduce their functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Peralta
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Diego P Vázquez
- Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Natacha P Chacoff
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvia B Lomáscolo
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - George L W Perry
- School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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16
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Weber UK, Nuismer SL, Espíndola A. Patterns of floral morphology in relation to climate and floral visitors. Ann Bot 2020; 125:433-445. [PMID: 31650169 PMCID: PMC7061174 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The diversity of floral morphology among plant species has long captured the interest of biologists and led to the development of a number of explanatory theories. Floral morphology varies substantially within species, and the mechanisms maintaining this diversity are diverse. One possibility is that spatial variation in the pollinator fauna drives the evolution of spatially divergent floral ecotypes adapted to the local suite of pollinators. Another possibility is that geographic variation in the abiotic environment and local climatic conditions favours different floral morphologies in different regions. Although both possibilities have been shown to explain floral variation in some cases, they have rarely been competed against one another using data collected from large spatial scales. In this study, we assess floral variation in relation to climate and floral visitors in four oil-reward-specialized pollination interactions. METHODS We used a combination of large-scale plant and pollinator samplings, morphological measures and climatic data. We analysed the data using spatial approaches, as well as traditional multivariate and structural equation modelling approaches. KEY RESULTS Our results indicate that the four species have different levels of specialization, and that this can be explained by their climatic niche breadth. In addition, our results show that, at least for some species, floral morphology can be explained by the identity of floral visitors, with climate having only an indirect effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that, even in very specialized interactions, both biotic and abiotic variables can explain a substantial amount of intraspecific variation in floral morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs K Weber
- Department of Entomology, Plant Sciences Building 3138, 4291 Fieldhouse Dr., University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Scott L Nuismer
- Department of Biological Sciences, 875 Perimeter Dr. MS 3051, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Anahí Espíndola
- Department of Entomology, Plant Sciences Building 3138, 4291 Fieldhouse Dr., University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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17
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Kobayashi S, Denda T, Placksanoi J, Waengsothorn S, Aryuthaka C, Panha S, Izawa M. The pollination system of the widely distributed mammal-pollinated Mucuna macrocarpa (Fabaceae) in the tropics. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:6276-6286. [PMID: 31236220 PMCID: PMC6580284 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the pollinators of some plant species differ across regions, only a few mammal-pollinated plant species have regional pollinator differences in Asia. Mucuna macrocarpa (Fabaceae) is pollinated by squirrels, flying foxes, and macaques in subtropical and temperate islands. In this study, the pollination system of M. macrocarpa was identified in tropical Asia, where the genus originally diversified. This species requires "explosive opening" of the flower, where the wing petals must be pressed down and the banner petal pushed upward to fully expose the stamens and pistil. A bagging experiment showed that fruits did not develop in inflorescences (n = 66) with unopened flowers, whereas fruits developed in 68.7% of inflorescences (n = 131) with opened flowers. This indicated that the explosive opening is needed for the species to reproduce. Four potential pollinator mammals were identified by a video camera-trap survey, and 78.3% and 60.1% of monitored inflorescences (n = 138) were opened by gray-bellied squirrels (Callosciurus caniceps) and Finlayson's squirrels (C. finlaysonii), respectively, even though more than 10 mammal species visited flowers. Nectar was surrounded by the calyx, and the volume and sugar concentration of secreted nectar did not change during the day. This nectar secretion pattern is similar to those reported by previous studies in other regions. These results showed that the main pollinators of M. macrocarpa in the tropics are squirrels. However, the species' nectar secretion pattern is not specifically adapted to this particular pollinator. Pollinators of M. macrocarpa differ throughout the distribution range based on the fauna present, but there might not have been no distinctive changes in the attractive traits that accompanied these changes in pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Kobayashi
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaJapan
| | - Tetsuo Denda
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaJapan
| | - Jumlong Placksanoi
- Sakaerat Environmental Research StationThailand Institute of Scientific and Technological ResearchWang Nam KhieoThailand
| | - Surachit Waengsothorn
- Sakaerat Environmental Research StationThailand Institute of Scientific and Technological ResearchWang Nam KhieoThailand
| | | | - Somsak Panha
- Department of BiologyChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
- Center of Excellence on Biodiversity, Ministry of EducationChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Masako Izawa
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaJapan
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18
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Kobayashi S, Denda T, Liao C, Lin Y, Wu S, Izawa M. Floral traits of mammal-pollinated Mucuna macrocarpa (Fabaceae): Implications for generalist-like pollination systems. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:8607-8615. [PMID: 30250727 PMCID: PMC6145029 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Floral traits are adapted by plants to attract pollinators. Some of those plants that have different pollinators in different regions adapt to each pollinator in each region to maximize their pollination success. Mucuna macrocarpa (Fabaceae) limits the pollinators using its floral structure and is pollinated by different mammals in different regions. Here, we examine the relationships between floral traits of M. macrocarpa and the external morphology of mammalian pollinators in different regions of its distribution. Field surveys were conducted on Kyushu and Okinawajima Island in Japan, and in Taiwan, where the main pollinators are the Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata, Ryukyu flying fox Pteropus dasymallus, and red-bellied squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus, respectively. We measured the floral shapes, nectar secretion patterns, sugar components, and external morphology of the pollinators. Results showed that floral shape was slightly different among regions and that flower sizes were not correlated with the external morphology of the pollinators. Volume and sugar rate of nectar were not significantly different among the three regions and did not change throughout the day in any of the regions. However, nectar concentration was higher in Kyushu than in the other two regions. These results suggest that the floral traits of M. macrocarpa are not adapted to each pollinator in each region. Although this plant limits the number of pollinators using its flower structure, it has not adapted to specific mammals and may attract several species of mammals. Such generalist-like pollination system might have evolved in the Old World.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Kobayashi
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaOkinawaJapan
| | - Tetsuo Denda
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaOkinawaJapan
| | - Chi‐Cheng Liao
- Department of Life ScienceChinese Culture UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Hsiu Lin
- Endemic Species Research InstituteNantouJijiTaiwan
| | - Shu‐Hui Wu
- Taipei Botanical GardenTaiwan Forestry Research InstituteTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Masako Izawa
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of the RyukyusNishiharaOkinawaJapan
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19
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Harrison TL, Wood CW, Heath KD, Stinchcombe JR. Geographically structured genetic variation in the
Medicago lupulina
–
Ensifer
mutualism. Evolution 2017; 71:1787-1801. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tia L. Harrison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto 25 Willcocks Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Corlett W. Wood
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto 25 Willcocks Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Katy D. Heath
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois 505 S. Goodwin Avenue Urbana Illinois 61801
| | - John R. Stinchcombe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto 25 Willcocks Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3B2
- Centre for Genome Evolution and FunctionUniversity of Toronto 25 Willcocks Street Toronto Ontario Canada M5S 3B2
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20
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He J, Dong T, Huang K, Yang Y, Li D, Xu X, He X. Sex-specific floral morphology, biomass, and phytohormones associated with altitude in dioecious Populus cathayana populations. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:3976-3986. [PMID: 28616192 PMCID: PMC5468146 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationships between sex-specific floral traits and endogenous phytohormones associated with altitude are unknown particularly in dioecious trees. We thus examined the relationships between floral morphology or biomass and phytohormones in male and female flowers of dioecious Populus cathayana populations along an altitudinal gradient (1,500, 1,600, and 1,700 m above sea level) in the Xiaowutai Nature Reserve in northern China. The female and male flowers had the most stigma and pollen at 1,700 m, the largest ovaries and least pollen at 1,500 m, and the smallest ovaries and greater numbers of anthers at 1,600 m altitude. The single-flower biomass was significantly greater in males than in females at 1,600 or 1,700 m, but the opposite was true at 1,500 m altitude. The biomass percentages were significantly higher in anthers than in stigmas at each altitude, while significantly greater gibberellin A3 (GA 3), zeatin riboside (ZR), indoleacetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations were found in female than in male flowers. Moreover, most flower morphological traits positively correlated with IAA in females but not in males. The biomass of a single flower was significantly positively correlated with ABA or IAA in males but negatively with ZR in females and was not correlated with GA 3 in both females and males. Our results demonstrate a distinct sexual adaptation between male and female flowers and that phytohormones are closely related to the size, shape, and biomass allocation in the pollination or fertilization organs of dioecious plants, although with variations in altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundong He
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (China West Normal University)Ministry of EducationNanchongSichuanChina
| | - Tingfa Dong
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (China West Normal University)Ministry of EducationNanchongSichuanChina
| | - Kechao Huang
- Guangxi Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesGuilinGuangxiChina
| | - Yanxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (China West Normal University)Ministry of EducationNanchongSichuanChina
| | - Dadong Li
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (China West Normal University)Ministry of EducationNanchongSichuanChina
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (China West Normal University)Ministry of EducationNanchongSichuanChina
| | - Xinhua He
- Centre of Excellence for Soil BiologyCollege of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityBeibeiChongqingChina
- School of Plant BiologyUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
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21
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Solís-Montero L, Vallejo-Marín M. Does the morphological fit between flowers and pollinators affect pollen deposition? An experimental test in a buzz-pollinated species with anther dimorphism. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:2706-2715. [PMID: 28428861 PMCID: PMC5395427 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Some pollination systems, such as buzz‐pollination, are associated with floral morphologies that require a close physical interaction between floral sexual organs and insect visitors. In these systems, a pollinator's size relative to the flower may be an important feature determining whether the visitor touches both male and female sexual organs and thus transfers pollen between plants efficiently. To date, few studies have addressed whether in fact the “fit” between flower and pollinator influences pollen transfer, particularly among buzz‐pollinated species. Here we use Solanum rostratum, a buzz‐pollinated plant with dimorphic anthers and mirror‐image flowers, to investigate whether the morphological fit between the pollinator's body and floral morphology influences pollen deposition. We hypothesized that when the size of the pollinator matches the separation between the sexual organs in a flower, more pollen should be transferred to the stigma than when the visitor is either too small or too big relative to the flower. To test this hypothesis, we exposed flowers of S. rostratum with varying levels of separation between sexual organs, to bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) of different sizes. We recorded the number of visits received, pollen deposition, and fruit and seed production. We found higher pollen deposition when bees were the same size or bigger than the separation between anther and stigma within a flower. We found a similar, but not statistically significant pattern for fruit set. In contrast, seed set was more likely to occur when the size of the flower exceeded the size of the bee, suggesting that other postpollination processes may be important in translating pollen receipt to seed set. Our results suggest that the fit between flower and pollinator significantly influences pollen deposition in this buzz‐pollinated species. We speculate that in buzz‐pollinated species where floral morphology and pollinators interact closely, variation in the visitor's size may determine whether it acts mainly as a pollinator or as a pollen thief (i.e., removing pollen rewards but contributing little to pollen deposition and fertilization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lislie Solís-Montero
- Biological and Environmental Sciences School of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK.,Present address: Lislie Solís-Montero, CONACYT. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Unidad Tapachula Tapachula Chiapas México
| | - Mario Vallejo-Marín
- Biological and Environmental Sciences School of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK
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22
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Osorio-Canadas S, Arnan X, Rodrigo A, Torné-Noguera A, Molowny R, Bosch J. Body size phenology in a regional bee fauna: a temporal extension of Bergmann's rule. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:1395-1402. [PMID: 27758035 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bergmann's rule originally described a positive relationship between body size and latitude in warm-blooded animals. Larger animals, with a smaller surface/volume ratio, are better enabled to conserve heat in cooler climates (thermoregulatory hypothesis). Studies on endothermic vertebrates have provided support for Bergmann's rule, whereas studies on ectotherms have yielded conflicting results. If the thermoregulatory hypothesis is correct, negative relationships between body size and temperature should occur in temporal in addition to geographical gradients. To explore this possibility, we analysed seasonal activity patterns in a bee fauna comprising 245 species. In agreement with our hypothesis of a different relationship for large (endothermic) and small (ectothermic) species, we found that species larger than 27.81 mg (dry weight) followed Bergmann's rule, whereas species below this threshold did not. Our results represent a temporal extension of Bergmann's rule and indicate that body size and thermal physiology play an important role in structuring community phenology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Arnan
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anselm Rodrigo
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Torné-Noguera
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roberto Molowny
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Bosch
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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23
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Kuriya S, Hattori M, Nagano Y, Itino T. Altitudinal flower size variation correlates with local pollinator size in a bumblebee-pollinated herb, Prunella vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae). J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1761-9. [PMID: 26174480 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of locally different species interactions on trait evolution is a focus of recent evolutionary studies. However, few studies have demonstrated that geographically different pollinator-mediated selection influences geographic variation in floral traits, especially across a narrow geographic range. Here, we hypothesized that floral size variation in the Japanese herb Prunella vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) is affected by geographically different pollinator sizes reflecting different pollinator assemblages. To evaluate this hypothesis, we posed two questions. (1) Is there a positive correlation between floral length and the proboscis length of pollinators (bumblebees) across altitude in a mountain range? (2) Does the flower-pollinator size match influence female and male plant fitness? We found geographic variation in the assemblage of pollinators of P. vulgaris along an altitudinal gradient, and, as a consequence, the mean pollinator proboscis length also changed altitudinally. The floral corolla length of P. vulgaris also varied along an altitudinal gradient, and this variation strongly correlated with the local pollinator size but did not correlate with altitude itself. Furthermore, we found that the size match between the floral corolla length and bee proboscis length affected female and male plant fitness and the optimal size match (associated with peak fitness) was similar for the female and male fitness. Collectively, these results suggest that pollinator-mediated selection influences spatial variation in the size of P. vulgaris flowers at a fine spatial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kuriya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - M Hattori
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Y Nagano
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - T Itino
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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