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Klure DM, Greenhalgh R, Parchman TL, Matocq MD, Galland LM, Shapiro MD, Dearing MD. Hybridization in the absence of an ecotone favors hybrid success in woodrats (Neotoma spp.). Evolution 2023; 77:959-970. [PMID: 36715204 PMCID: PMC10066834 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization is a common process that has broadly impacted the evolution of multicellular eukaryotes; however, how ecological factors influence this process remains poorly understood. Here, we report the findings of a 3-year recapture study of the Bryant's woodrat (Neotoma bryanti) and desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida), two species that hybridize within a creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) shrubland in Whitewater, CA, USA. We used a genotype-by-sequencing approach to characterize the ancestry distribution of individuals across this hybrid zone coupled with Cormack-Jolly-Seber modeling to describe demography. We identified a high frequency of hybridization at this site with ~40% of individuals possessing admixed ancestry, which is the result of multigenerational backcrossing and advanced hybrid-hybrid crossing. F1, F2, and advanced generation hybrids had apparent survival rates similar to parental N. bryanti, while parental and backcross N. lepida had lower apparent survival rates and were far less abundant. Compared to bimodal hybrid zones where hybrids are often rare and selected against, we find that hybrids at Whitewater are common and have comparable survival to the dominant parental species, N. bryanti. The frequency of hybridization at Whitewater is therefore likely limited by the abundance of the less common parental species, N. lepida, rather than selection against hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan M. Klure
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Robert Greenhalgh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Thomas L. Parchman
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557
| | - Marjorie D. Matocq
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science; Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557
| | - Lanie M. Galland
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557
| | - Michael D. Shapiro
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - M. Denise Dearing
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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2
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Blum ME, Stewart KM, Cox M, Shoemaker KT, Bennett JR, Sullivan BW, Wakeling BF, Bleich VC. Variation in diet of desert bighorn sheep around parturition: Tradeoffs associated with parturition. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1071771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Selection of forage and habitats is driven by nutritional needs of individuals. Some species may sacrifice nutritional quality of forage for the mother in favor of safety of offspring (risk-averse strategy), immediately following parturition. We studied diet quality and forage selection by bighorn sheep before and following parturition to determine how nutritional demands associated with rearing offspring influenced forage acquisition. We used desert bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis nelsoni, to investigate that potential tradeoff. We captured and radio-collared female bighorn sheep from 2016 to 2018. We used vaginal implant transmitters (VIT)s in pregnant females to identify parturition and to capture and radio-collar neonates to monitor survival of young. We collected fecal samples throughout the breeding season and throughout the year to understand diet quality and composition throughout those temporal periods. We determined diet quality and composition for pre-parturient females, females provisioning offspring, females that lost offspring, and non-pregnant individuals using fecal nitrogen and DNA metabarcoding analyses. Additionally, we compared the diet quality and composition of offspring and adult females during the spring, as well as summer and winter months. Our results indicated differences in diet quality between individuals provisioning offspring and those whose offspring had died. Females that were provisioning dependent young had lower quality diets than those that lost their offspring. Diet composition among those groups was also markedly different; females that had lost an offspring had a more diverse diet than did females with dependent young. Diet quality differed among seasons, wherein offspring and adult females had higher quality diets during the spring months, with decreasing quality as the year progressed. Diet diversity was similar across seasons, although spring months tended to be most diverse. Our results support tradeoffs associated with risk-averse strategies made by adult females associated with parturition. Nutritional quality of forage was linked to provisioning status, indicating that females were trading diet quality for safety of offspring, but those females whose offspring had died selected high quality forages. Those results help explain habitat selection observed in mountain ungulates around parturition and provide further insight into the evolutionary processes and adaptive significance exhibited by those specialized artiodactyls.
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3
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Nielsen DP, Harrison JG, Byer NW, Faske TM, Parchman TL, Simison WB, Matocq MD. The gut microbiome reflects ancestry despite dietary shifts across a hybrid zone. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:63-75. [PMID: 36331164 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome is critical to an organism's phenotype, and its composition is shaped by, and a driver of, eco-evolutionary interactions. We investigated how host ancestry, habitat and diet shape gut microbial composition in a mammalian hybrid zone between Neotoma lepida and N. bryanti that occurs across an ecotone between distinct vegetation communities. We found that habitat is the primary determinant of diet, while host genotype is the primary determinant of the gut microbiome-a finding further supported by intermediate microbiome composition in first-generation hybrids. Despite these distinct primary drivers, microbial richness was correlated with diet richness, and individuals that maintained higher dietary richness had greater gut microbial community stability. Both relationships were stronger in the relative dietary generalist of the two parental species. Our findings show that host ancestry interacts with dietary habits to shape the microbiome, ultimately resulting in the phenotypic plasticity that host-microbial interactions allow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny P Nielsen
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | | | - Nathan W Byer
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Trevor M Faske
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Thomas L Parchman
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - W Brian Simison
- Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marjorie D Matocq
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, Reno, Nevada, USA
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4
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Dearing MD, Orr TJ, Klure DM, Greenhalgh R, Weinstein SB, Stapleton T, Yamada KY, Nelson MD, Doolin ML, Nielsen DP, Matocq MD, Shapiro MD. Toxin tolerance across landscapes: Ecological exposure not a prerequisite. Funct Ecol 2022; 36:2119-2131. [PMID: 37727272 PMCID: PMC10508905 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the tolerances of mammalian herbivores to plant specialized metabolites across landscapes.We investigated the tolerances of two species of herbivorous woodrats, Neotoma lepida (desert woodrat) and Neotoma bryanti (Bryant's woodrat) to creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), a widely distributed shrub with a highly toxic resin. Woodrats were sampled from 13 locations both with and without creosote bush across a 900 km transect in the US southwest. We tested whether these woodrat populations consume creosote bush using plant metabarcoding of feces and quantified their tolerance to creosote bush through feeding trials using chow amended with creosote resin.Toxin tolerance was analyzed in the context of population structure across collection sites with microsatellite analyses. Genetic differentiation among woodrats collected from different locations was minimal within either species. Tolerance differed substantially between the two species, with N. lepida persisting 20% longer than N. bryanti in feeding trials with creosote resin. Furthermore, in both species, tolerance to creosote resin was similar among woodrats near or within creosote bush habitat. In both species, woodrats collected greater than 25 km from creosote had markedly lower tolerances to creosote resin compared to animals from within the range of creosote bush.The results imply that mammalian herbivores are adapted to the specialized metabolites of plants in their diet, and that this tolerance can extend several kilometers outside of the range of dietary items. That is, direct ecological exposure to the specialized chemistry of particular plant species is not a prerequisite for tolerance to these compounds. These findings lay the groundwork for additional studies to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying toxin tolerance and to identify how these mechanisms are maintained across landscape-level scales in mammalian herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Denise Dearing
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Teri J. Orr
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, 1780 East University Avenue, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - Dylan M. Klure
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Robert Greenhalgh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Sara B. Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Tess Stapleton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - KayLene Y.H. Yamada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Madeleine D. Nelson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Margaret. L. Doolin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Danny P. Nielsen
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science; Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89775, USA
| | - Marjorie D. Matocq
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Science; Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89775, USA
| | - Michael D. Shapiro
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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5
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Greenhalgh R, Holding ML, Orr TJ, Henderson JB, Parchman TL, Matocq MD, Shapiro MD, Dearing MD. Trio‐binned genomes of the woodrats
Neotoma bryanti
and
Neotoma lepida
reveal novel gene islands and rapid copy number evolution of xenobiotic metabolizing genes. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:2713-2731. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Greenhalgh
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Utah257 South 1400 EastSalt Lake CityUtah84112USA
| | - Matthew L. Holding
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental ScienceUniversity of Nevada1664 North Virginia StreetRenoNevada89775USA
- Present address: Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of Michigan210 Washtenaw AvenueAnn ArborMichigan48109USA
| | - Teri J. Orr
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Utah257 South 1400 EastSalt Lake CityUtah84112USA
- Department of BiologyNew Mexico State University1780 East University AvenueLas CrucesNew Mexico88003USA
| | - James B. Henderson
- Center for Comparative GenomicsCalifornia Academy of Sciences55 Music Concourse DriveSan FranciscoCalifornia94118USA
| | - Thomas L. Parchman
- Department of BiologyUniversity of NevadaReno1664 North Virginia StreetNevada89775USA
| | - Marjorie D. Matocq
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental ScienceUniversity of Nevada1664 North Virginia StreetRenoNevada89775USA
| | - Michael D. Shapiro
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Utah257 South 1400 EastSalt Lake CityUtah84112USA
| | - M. Denise Dearing
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Utah257 South 1400 EastSalt Lake CityUtah84112USA
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6
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Jahner JP, Parchman TL, Matocq MD. Multigenerational backcrossing and introgression between two woodrat species at an abrupt ecological transition. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4245-4258. [PMID: 34219316 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
When organisms experience secondary contact after allopatric divergence, genomic regions can introgress differentially depending on their relationships with adaptation, reproductive isolation, recombination, and drift. Analyses of genome-wide patterns of divergence and introgression could provide insight into the outcomes of hybridization and the potential relationship between allopatric divergence and reproductive isolation. Here, we generate population genetic data (26,262 SNPs; 353 individuals) using a reduced-representation sequencing approach to quantify patterns of ancestry, differentiation, and introgression between a pair of ecologically distinct mammals-the desert woodrat (N. lepida) and Bryant's woodrat (N. bryanti)-that hybridize at a sharp ecotone in southern California. Individual ancestry estimates confirmed that hybrids were rare in this bimodal hybrid zone, and entirely consisted of a few F1 individuals and a broad range of multigenerational backcrosses. Genomic cline analyses indicated more than half of loci had elevated introgression from one genomic background into the other. However, introgression was not associated with relative or absolute measures of divergence, and loci with extreme values for both were not typically found near detoxification enzymes previously implicated in dietary specialization for woodrats. The decoupling of differentiation and introgression suggests that processes other than adaptation, such as drift, may underlie the extreme clines at this contact zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Jahner
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Thomas L Parchman
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Marjorie D Matocq
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.,Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
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