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Vasiliev D, Greenwood S. The role of climate change in pollinator decline across the Northern Hemisphere is underestimated. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145788. [PMID: 33618305 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollinator biodiversity loss occurs at unprecedented rates globally, with particularly sharp declines documented in the North Temperate Zone. There is currently no consensus on the main drivers of the decline. Although climate change is expected to drive biodiversity loss in the future, current warming is often suggested to have positive impacts on pollinator assemblages in higher latitudes. Consequently, pollinator conservation initiatives in Europe and the USA tend to lack climate adaptation initiatives, an omission of which may be risky if climate change has significant negative impacts on pollinators. To gain an understanding of the impacts of climate change on pollinator biodiversity in the Northern Hemisphere, we conducted a literature review on genetic, species and community level diversity. Our findings suggest that global heating most likely causes homogenization of pollinator assemblages at all levels of pollinator biodiversity, making them less resilient to future stochasticity. Aspects of biodiversity that are rarely measured (e.g. genetic diversity, β-diversity, species evenness) tend to be most affected, while some dimensions of climate change, such as fluctuations in winter weather conditions, changes in the length of the vegetational season and increased frequency of extreme weather events, that seldom receive attention in empirical studies, tend to be particularly detrimental to pollinators. Negative effects of global heating on pollinator biodiversity are most likely exacerbated by homogenous and fragmented landscapes, widespread across Europe and the US, which limit opportunities for range-shifts and reduce micro-climatic buffering. This suggests the need for conservation initiatives to focus on increasing landscape connectivity and heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Vasiliev
- Biodiversity, Wildlife and Ecosystem Health MSc, Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Sarah Greenwood
- Biodiversity, Wildlife and Ecosystem Health MSc, Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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2
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Wadsworth CB, Okada Y, Dopman EB. Phenology-dependent cold exposure and thermal performance of Ostrinia nubilalis ecotypes. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:34. [PMID: 32138649 PMCID: PMC7059338 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-1598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding adaptation involves establishing connections between selective agents and beneficial population responses. However, relatively little attention has been paid to seasonal adaptation, in part, because it requires complex and integrative knowledge about seasonally fluctuating environmental factors, the effects of variable phenology on exposure to those factors, and evidence for temporal specialization. In the European corn borer moth, Ostrinia nubilalis, sympatric pheromone strains exploit the same host plant (Zea mays) but may genetically differ in phenology and be reproductively “isolated by time.” Z strain populations in eastern North America have been shown to have a prolonged larval diapause and produce one annual mating flight (July), whereas E strain populations complete an earlier (June) and a later (August) mating flight by shortening diapause duration. Here, we find evidence consistent with seasonal “adaptation by time” between these ecotypes. Results We use 12 years of field observation of adult seasonal abundance to estimate phenology of ecotype life cycles and to quantify life-stage specific climatic conditions. We find that the observed reduction of diapause duration in the E strain leads their non-diapausing, active life stages to experience a ~ 4 °C colder environment compared to the equivalent life stages in the Z strain. For a representative pair of populations under controlled laboratory conditions, we compare life-stage specific cold tolerance and find non-diapausing, active life stages in the E strain have as much as a 60% greater capacity to survive rapid cold shock. Enhanced cold hardiness appears unrelated to life-stage specific changes in the temperature at which tissues freeze. Conclusions Our results suggest that isolation by time and adaptation by time may both contribute to population divergence, and they argue for expanded study in this species of allochronic populations in nature experiencing the full spectrum of seasonal environments. Cyclical selective pressures are inherent properties of seasonal habitats. Diverse fluctuating selective agents across each year (temperature, predation, competition, precipitation, etc.) may therefore be underappreciated drivers of biological diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crista B Wadsworth
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite 4700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA. .,Current Affiliation: Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, 85 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA.
| | - Yuta Okada
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite 4700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Erik B Dopman
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite 4700, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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3
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Rocha S, Caldeira MC, Burban C, Kerdelhué C, Branco M. Shifted phenology in the pine processionary moth affects the outcome of tree-insect interaction. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:68-76. [PMID: 31190650 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485319000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the Mediterranean and temperate regions, an increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events has been recorded, probably due to climate change. In consequence, trees will more frequently experience hydric stress, a condition that can be expected to affect insect-tree interactions, while adaptation mechanisms may be further in course. The effect of tree water stress on the performance of two allochronic populations of Thaumetopoea pityocampa was here studied. Namely, we compared a unique population of this insect, in which the larvae develop in the summer (SP), with the typical population having winter larval development (WP), to test the adaptation hypothesis to host plant status. Larvae of each population were fed on needles of young potted Pinus pinaster plants under two water supply regimes: (i) well-watered (control) and (ii) subjected to 3 months of drought stress. Compared to control, stressed plants had higher amounts of soluble sugars, phenols, and higher C/N ratio, whereas water content and chlorophylls concentrations were lower. In general, T. pityocampa larvae had lower performances on water-stressed plants, as shown by lower survival rates, lower needle consumption, and longer development times. Yet, the detrimental effects of tree stress were only significant for the WP larvae, while SP larvae were able to overcome such conditions. Results demonstrate that tree water stress can negatively affect T. pityocampa populations. Furthermore, the evidence is also provided that responses to the physiological condition of the host trees may occur at the population level, as a result of adaptation mechanisms driven by climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rocha
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M C Caldeira
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Burban
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610 Cestas, France
| | - C Kerdelhué
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, 34988 Montferriez-sur-Lez, France
| | - M Branco
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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4
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From sympatry to parapatry: a rapid change in the spatial context of incipient allochronic speciation. Evol Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-019-10021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Kimmitt AA, Hardman JW, Stricker CA, Ketterson ED. Migratory strategy explains differences in timing of female reproductive development in seasonally sympatric songbirds. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack W. Hardman
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana
| | | | - Ellen D. Ketterson
- Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana
- Environmental Resilience Institute Indiana University Bloomington Indiana
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6
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Yang F, Kawabata E, Tufail M, Brown JJ, Takeda M. r/K-like trade-off and voltinism discreteness: The implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea complex (Arctiidae). Ecol Evol 2018; 7:10592-10603. [PMID: 29299241 PMCID: PMC5743571 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
North America has distinct types of Hyphantria moths (Arctiidae) characterized by red (RD)- and black (BL)-headed larvae, of which the taxonomic status is unresolved. Genetic divergence of 26 populations, based on 710 bp of the mtCOI sequence, showed two phylogenetic lineages, which could not be connected in the haplotype network with 95% confidence. The two lineages are separated by 3.1% sequence divergence and should be considered for full species status. The estimated split occurred 1.2-1.6 million years ago. The range of the RD type covered most of the continent, whereas that of the BL type was limited to eastern deciduous forests. Several biological characteristics were differentiated in the zone of cohabitation where BL had more annual generations than RD. Spring emergence of BL precedes that of RD in the field by at least 1 month, because the diapause in BL was shallow, whereas it was deep in RD. Voltinism requires discreteness of numbers, which functions as a sink of hybrids between the two parental lines that have distinct but equally adaptive reproductive strategies; BL may be more r-strategist-like and RD more K-strategist-like, because fast-developing BL has multivoltine life cycle, investing less silk proteins as the round-the-clock feeder, and slow-developing RD univoltine one investing more silk as the nocturnal feeder. Also, intensity of diapause, deep in RD and weak in BL, was grossly different, which may enforce segregation of spring adults. Allochronic speciation avoiding coincidental occurrence of adult stages is therefore the most likely scenario. Because the adults never meet in nature, large morphological differentiation is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Nada-ku Kobe Japan.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry Hainan University Haikou Hainan China
| | - Eriko Kawabata
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Nada-ku Kobe Japan
| | - Muhammad Tufail
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Nada-ku Kobe Japan.,Department of Plant Protection College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - John J Brown
- Department of Entomology Washington State University Pullman WA USA
| | - Makio Takeda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science Kobe University Nada-ku Kobe Japan
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7
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Leblois R, Gautier M, Rohfritsch A, Foucaud J, Burban C, Galan M, Loiseau A, Sauné L, Branco M, Gharbi K, Vitalis R, Kerdelhué C. Deciphering the demographic history of allochronic differentiation in the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Mol Ecol 2017; 27:264-278. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Leblois
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC); Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - M. Gautier
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC); Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - A. Rohfritsch
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
| | - J. Foucaud
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
| | - C. Burban
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO (INRA - Université de Bordeaux); Cestas Cedex France
| | - M. Galan
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
| | - A. Loiseau
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
| | - L. Sauné
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
| | - M. Branco
- Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF); Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA); University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - K. Gharbi
- Edinburgh Genomics; School of Biological Sciences; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - R. Vitalis
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
- Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC); Université de Montpellier; Montpellier France
| | - C. Kerdelhué
- CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier; Montferrier sur Lez Cedex France
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8
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Rocha S, Kerdelhué C, Ben Jamaa ML, Dhahri S, Burban C, Branco M. Effect of heat waves on embryo mortality in the pine processionary moth. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:583-591. [PMID: 28185608 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485317000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Extreme climate events such as heat waves are predicted to become more frequent with climate change, representing a challenge for many organisms. The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa is a Mediterranean pine defoliator, which typically lays eggs during the summer. We evaluated the effects of heat waves on egg mortality of three populations with different phenologies: a Portuguese population with a classical life cycle (eggs laid in summer), an allochronic Portuguese population reproducing in spring, and a Tunisian population from the extreme southern limit of T. pityocampa distribution range, in which eggs are laid in fall. We tested the influence of three consecutive hot days on egg survival and development time, using either constant (CT) or daily cycling temperatures (DT) with equivalent mean temperatures. Maximum temperatures (T max) used in the experiment ranged from 36 to 48°C for DT and from 30 to 42°C for CT. Heat waves had a severe negative effect on egg survival when T max reached 42°C for all populations. No embryo survived above this threshold. At high mean temperatures (40°C), significant differences were observed between populations and between DT and CT regimes. Heat waves further increased embryo development time. The knowledge we gained about the upper lethal temperature to embryos of this species will permit better prediction of the potential expansion of this insect under different climate warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rocha
- Centro de Estudos Florestais,Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa,1349-017, Lisboa,Portugal
| | - C Kerdelhué
- INRA Centre de Montpellier, UMR CBGP,F-34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex,France
| | - M L Ben Jamaa
- Université de Carthage, INRGREF,BP 10-2080 Ariana,Tunisie
| | - S Dhahri
- Université de Carthage, INRGREF,BP 10-2080 Ariana,Tunisie
| | - C Burban
- BIOGECO, INRA, Université de Bordeaux,33610 Cestas,France
| | - M Branco
- Centro de Estudos Florestais,Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa,1349-017, Lisboa,Portugal
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9
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Mlynarek JJ, Moffat CE, Edwards S, Einfeldt AL, Heustis A, Johns R, MacDonnell M, Pureswaran DS, Quiring DT, Shibel Z, Heard SB. Enemy escape: A general phenomenon in a fragmented literature? Facets (Ott) 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2017-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Many populations are thought to be regulated, in part, by their natural enemies. If so, disruption of this regulation should allow rapid population growth. Such “enemy escape” may occur in a variety of circumstances, including invasion, natural range expansion, range edges, suppression of enemy populations, host shifting, phenological changes, and defensive innovation. Periods of relaxed enemy pressure also occur in, and may drive, population oscillations and outbreaks. We draw attention to similarities among circumstances of enemy escape and build a general conceptual framework for the phenomenon. Although these circumstances share common mechanisms and depend on common assumptions, enemy escape can involve dynamics operating on very different temporal and spatial scales. In particular, the duration of enemy escape is rarely considered but will likely vary among circumstances. Enemy escape can have important evolutionary consequences including increasing competitive ability, spurring diversification, or triggering enemy counteradaptation. These evolutionary consequences have been considered for plant–herbivore interactions and invasions but largely neglected for other circumstances of enemy escape. We aim to unite the fragmented literature, which we argue has impeded progress in building a broader understanding of the eco-evolutionary dynamics of enemy escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J. Mlynarek
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Chandra E. Moffat
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Sara Edwards
- Population Ecology Group, Faculty of Forestry & Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Anthony L. Einfeldt
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Allyson Heustis
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
- Forest Insect Ecology, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent Street, P.O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada
| | - Rob Johns
- Forest Insect Ecology, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent Street, P.O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada
| | - Mallory MacDonnell
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Deepa S. Pureswaran
- Forest Insect Ecology, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 Du PEPS Street, P.O. Box 10380, Québec, QC G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Dan T. Quiring
- Population Ecology Group, Faculty of Forestry & Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Zoryana Shibel
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Stephen B. Heard
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
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10
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Taylor RS, Friesen VL. The role of allochrony in speciation. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:3330-3342. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Branco M, Paiva MR, Santos HM, Burban C, Kerdelhué C. Experimental evidence for heritable reproductive time in 2 allochronic populations of pine processionary moth. INSECT SCIENCE 2017; 24:325-335. [PMID: 26530538 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phenology allows organisms to overcome seasonally variable conditions through life-cycle adjustment. Changes in phenology can drastically modify the evolutionary trajectory of a population, while a shift in the reproductive time may cause allochronic differentiation. The hypothesis of heritable reproductive time was experimentally tested, by studying a unique population of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) which has a shifted phenology, and however co-occurs with the typical population following the classical life cycle. When populations of both types were reared under controlled conditions, the reproductive time was maintained asynchronous, as observed in the field. The shifted population was manipulated in the laboratory to reproduce later than usual, yet the offspring emerged in the next year at the expected dates thus "coming back" to the usual cycle. Hybrids from crosses performed between the 2 populations showed an intermediate phenology. From the emergence times of parents and offspring, a high heritability of the reproductive time (h = 0.76) was observed. The offspring obtained from each type of cross was genetically characterized using microsatellite markers. Bayesian clustering analysis confirmed that hybrids can be successfully identified and separated from the parental genetic classes by genotyping. Findings support the hypothesis that, for this particular population, incipient allochronic speciation is due to a heritable shift in the reproductive time that further causes assortative mating and might eventually cause ecological adaptation/maladaptation in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Branco
- Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria-Rosa Paiva
- CENSE, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Helena Maria Santos
- Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa), 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
- CENSE, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - Carole Kerdelhué
- INRA Centre de Montpellier, UMR CBGP, F-34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, France
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12
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Godefroid M, Rocha S, Santos H, Paiva MR, Burban C, Kerdelhué C, Branco M, Rasplus JY, Rossi JP. Climate constrains range expansion of an allochronic population of the pine processionary moth. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Godefroid
- INRA; UMR CBGP; F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - S. Rocha
- CEF; Instituto Superior de Agronomia; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - H. Santos
- CEF; Instituto Superior de Agronomia; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
- CENSE; DCEA; Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT); Unversidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL); 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - M.-R. Paiva
- CENSE; DCEA; Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT); Unversidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL); 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - C. Burban
- BIOGECO; INRA, Univ. Bordeaux; 33610 Cestas France
| | - C. Kerdelhué
- INRA; UMR CBGP; F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - M. Branco
- CEF; Instituto Superior de Agronomia; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | | | - J.-P. Rossi
- INRA; UMR CBGP; F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
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13
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Burban C, Gautier M, Leblois R, Landes J, Santos H, Paiva MR, Branco M, Kerdelhue C. Evidence for low-level hybridization between two allochronic populations of the pine processionary moth,Thaumetopoea pityocampa(Lepidoptera: Notodontidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julie Landes
- INRA; UMR CBGP; F-34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez France
| | - Helena Santos
- CEF; Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA); Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa); Lisboa 1349-017 Portugal
| | - Maria-Rosa Paiva
- CENSE; Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT); Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL); 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Manuela Branco
- CEF; Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA); Universidade de Lisboa (ULisboa); Lisboa 1349-017 Portugal
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14
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Van den Wyngaert S, Möst M, Freimann R, Ibelings BW, Spaak P. Hidden diversity in the freshwater planktonic diatom Asterionella formosa. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:2955-72. [PMID: 25919789 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many freshwater and marine algal species are described as having cosmopolitan distributions. Whether these widely distributed morphologically similar algae also share a similar gene pool remains often unclear. In the context of island biogeography theory, stronger spatial isolation deemed typical of freshwater lakes should restrict gene flow and lead to higher genetic differentiation among lakes. Using nine microsatellite loci, we investigate the genetic diversity of a widely distributed freshwater planktonic diatom, Asterionella formosa, across different lakes in Switzerland and the Netherlands. We applied a hierarchical spatial sampling design to determine the geographical scale at which populations are structured. A subset of the isolates was additionally analysed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Our results revealed complex and unexpected population structure in A. formosa with evidence for both restricted and moderate to high gene flow at the same time. Different genetic markers (microsatellites and AFLPs) analysed with a variety of multivariate methods consistently revealed that genetic differentiation within lakes was much stronger than among lakes, indicating the presence of cryptic species within A. formosa. We conclude that the hidden diversity found in this study is expected to have implications for the further use of A. formosa in biogeographical, conservation and ecological studies. Further research using species-level phylogenetic markers is necessary to place the observed differentiation in an evolutionary context of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Van den Wyngaert
- Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Ueberlandstrasse 133, PO Box 611, CH-8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.,Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin, Alte Fischerhütte 2, 16775, Stechlin, Germany
| | - M Möst
- Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Ueberlandstrasse 133, PO Box 611, CH-8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - R Freimann
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH-Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B W Ibelings
- Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Ueberlandstrasse 133, PO Box 611, CH-8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institut F.-A. Forel, Université de Genève, 10 Route de Suisse, CH-12090, Versoix, Switzerland
| | - P Spaak
- Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Ueberlandstrasse 133, PO Box 611, CH-8600, Duebendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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Genetic diversity and host alternation of the egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus pityocampae between the pine processionary moth and the caper bug. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122788. [PMID: 25856082 PMCID: PMC4391850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of molecular tools for species identification in recent decades revealed that each of many apparently generalist parasitoids are actually a complex of morphologically similar congeners, most of which have a rather narrow host range. Ooencyrtus pityocampae (OP), an important egg parasitoid of the pine processionary moth (PPM), is considered a generalist parasitoid. OP emerges from PPM eggs after winter hibernation, mainly in spring and early summer, long before the eggs of the next PPM generation occurs. The occurrence of OP in eggs of the variegated caper bug (CB) Stenozygum coloratum in spring and summer suggests that OP populations alternate seasonally between PPM and CB. However, the identity of OP population on CB eggs seemed uncertain; unlike OP-PPM populations, the former displayed apparently high male/female ratios and lack of attraction to the PPM sex pheromone. We studied the molecular identities of the two populations since the morphological identification of the genus Ooencyrtus, and OP in particular, is difficult. Sequencing of COI and ITS2 DNA fragments and AFLP analysis of individuals from both hosts revealed no apparent differences between the OP-PPM and the OP-CB populations for both the Israeli and the Turkish OPs, which therefore supported the possibility of host alternation. Sequencing data extended our knowledge of the genetic structure of OP populations in the Mediterranean area, and revealed clear separation between East and West Mediterranean populations. The overall level of genetic diversity was rather small, with the Israeli population much less diverse than all others; possible explanations for this finding are discussed. The findings support the possibility of utilizing the CB and other hosts for enhancing biological control of the PPM.
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Zamoum M, Martin JC, Bensidi A. Fecundity of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) at the southern edge of its distribution range. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Branco M, Bragança H, Sousa E, Phillips AJL. Pests and Diseases in Portuguese Forestry: Current and New Threats. FOREST CONTEXT AND POLICIES IN PORTUGAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-08455-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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