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Naug D. Metabolic scaling as an emergent outcome of variation in metabolic rate. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220495. [PMID: 38186273 PMCID: PMC10772609 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The allometric scaling of metabolic rate and what drives it are major questions in biology with a long history. Since the metabolic rate at any level of biological organization is an emergent property of its lower-level constituents, it is an outcome of the intrinsic heterogeneity among these units and the interactions among them. However, the influence of lower-level heterogeneity on system-level metabolic rate is difficult to investigate, given the tightly integrated body plan of unitary organisms. In this context, social insects such as honeybees can serve as important model systems because unlike unitary organisms, these superorganisms can be taken apart and reassembled in different configurations to study metabolic rate and its various drivers at different levels of organization. This commentary discusses the background of such an approach and how combining it with artificial selection to generate heterogeneity in metabolic rate with an analytical framework to parse out the different mechanisms that contribute to the effects of heterogeneity can contribute to the various models of metabolic scaling. Finally, the absence of the typical allometric scaling relationship among different species of honeybees is discussed as an important prospect for deciphering the role of top-down ecological factors on metabolic scaling. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolutionary significance of variation in metabolic rates'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruba Naug
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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2
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Carlot J, Rouzé H, Barneche DR, Mercière A, Espiau B, Cardini U, Brandl SJ, Casey JM, Pérez‐Rosales G, Adjeroud M, Hédouin L, Parravicini V. Scaling up calcification, respiration, and photosynthesis rates of six prominent coral taxa. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8613. [PMID: 35342609 PMCID: PMC8933251 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Carlot
- PSL Université Paris USR 3278 CRIOBE ‐ EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS Perpignan France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL” Paris France
- CESAB ‐ FRB Montpellier France
| | - Héloïse Rouzé
- PSL Université Paris USR 3278 CRIOBE ‐ EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS Perpignan France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL” Paris France
| | - Diego R. Barneche
- Australian Institute of Marine Science Crawley Western Australia Australia
- Oceans Institute The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Alexandre Mercière
- Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL” Paris France
- PSL Université ‐ EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS USR 3278 CRIOBE Papetoai French Polynesia
| | - Benoit Espiau
- Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL” Paris France
- PSL Université ‐ EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS USR 3278 CRIOBE Papetoai French Polynesia
| | - Ulisse Cardini
- Integrative Marine Ecology Department Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology Napoli Italy
- Marine Research Institute University of Klaipeda Klaipeda Lithuania
| | - Simon J. Brandl
- PSL Université Paris USR 3278 CRIOBE ‐ EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS Perpignan France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL” Paris France
- CESAB ‐ FRB Montpellier France
- Department of Marine Science The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute Port Aransas Texas USA
| | - Jordan M. Casey
- PSL Université Paris USR 3278 CRIOBE ‐ EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS Perpignan France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL” Paris France
- Department of Marine Science The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute Port Aransas Texas USA
| | - Gonzalo Pérez‐Rosales
- PSL Université Paris USR 3278 CRIOBE ‐ EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS Perpignan France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL” Paris France
- PSL Université ‐ EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS USR 3278 CRIOBE Papetoai French Polynesia
| | - Mehdi Adjeroud
- Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL” Paris France
- CESAB ‐ FRB Montpellier France
- ENTROPIE, IRD Université de la Réunion, Université de la Nouvelle‐Calédonie CNRS, Ifremer Perpignan France
| | - Laetitia Hédouin
- Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL” Paris France
- PSL Université ‐ EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS USR 3278 CRIOBE Papetoai French Polynesia
| | - Valeriano Parravicini
- PSL Université Paris USR 3278 CRIOBE ‐ EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS Perpignan France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL” Paris France
- CESAB ‐ FRB Montpellier France
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3
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Kar F, Nakagawa S, Friesen CR, Noble DWA. Individual variation in thermal plasticity and its impact on mass‐scaling. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fonti Kar
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, Univ. of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, Univ. of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Inst. of Medical Research, Darlinghurst Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Christopher R. Friesen
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, Univ. of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Daniel W. A. Noble
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, Univ. of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Inst. of Medical Research, Darlinghurst Sydney NSW Australia
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National Univ. Canberra ACT Australia
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Morganti TM, Ribes M, Yahel G, Coma R. Size Is the Major Determinant of Pumping Rates in Marine Sponges. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1474. [PMID: 31920688 PMCID: PMC6917621 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponges play an important ecological function in many benthic habitats. They filter large volumes of water, retain suspended particles with high efficiency, and process dissolved compounds. Nevertheless, the factors that regulate sponge pumping rate and its relation to environmental factors have been rarely studied. We examined, in situ, the variation of pumping rates for five Mediterranean sponge species and its relationship to temperature, particulate food abundance and sponge size over two annual cycles. Surprisingly, temperature and food concentration had only a small effect on pumping rates, and the seasonal variation of pumping rates was small (1.9-2.5 folds). Sponge size was the main determinant of the specific pumping rate (pumping normalized to sponge volume or mass). Within the natural size distribution of each species, the volume-specific pumping rate [PR V , ml min-1 (cm sponge)-3] decreased (up to 33 folds) with the increase in sponge volume (V, cm3), conforming to an allometric power function (PR V = aVb ) with negative exponents. The strong dependence of the size-specific pumping rate on the sponge size suggests that the simplistic use of this value to categorize sponge species and predict their activity may be misleading. For example, for small specimens, size-specific pumping rates of the two low-microbial-abundance (LMA) species (allometric exponent b of -0.2 and -0.3) were similar to those of two of the high-microbial-abundance (HMA) species (b of -0.5 and -0.7). However, for larger specimens, size-specific pumping rates were markedly different. Our results suggest that the pumping rate of the sponges we studied can be approximated using the measured allometric constants alone in conjunction with surveys of sponge abundance and size distribution. This information is essential for the quantification of in situ feeding and respiration rates and for estimates of the magnitude of sponge-mediated energy and nutrient fluxes at the community level. Further work is required to establish if and to what extent the low seasonal effect and the strong size dependency of pumping rate can be generalized to other sponges and habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Maria Morganti
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, HGF MPG Joint Research Group for Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology, Bremen, Germany.,Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ribes
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gitai Yahel
- The Faculty of Marine Science, Ruppin Academic Center, Michmoret, Israel
| | - Rafel Coma
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Girona, Spain
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5
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Cameron H, Coulson T, Marshall DJ. Size and density mediate transitions between competition and facilitation. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1879-1888. [PMID: 31468661 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Species simultaneously compete with and facilitate one another. Size can mediate transitions along this competition-facilitation continuum, but the consequences for demography are unclear. We orthogonally manipulated the size of a focal species, and the size and density of a heterospecific neighbour, in the field using a model marine system. We then parameterised a size-structured population model with our experimental data. We found that heterospecific size and density interactively altered the population dynamics of the focal species. Size determined whether heterospecifics facilitated (when small) or competed with (when large) the focal species, while density strengthened these interactions. Such size-mediated interactions also altered the pace of the focal's life history. We provide the first demonstration that size and density mediate competition and facilitation from a population dynamical perspective. We suspect such effects are ubiquitous, but currently underappreciated. We reiterate classic cautions against inferences about competitive hierarchies made in the absence of size-specific data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Cameron
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Tim Coulson
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Dustin J Marshall
- Centre for Geometric Biology, School of Biological Sciences Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Almegbel MNA, Rowe EA, Alnaser FN, Yeager M, Blackstone NW. Metabolic Activation and Scaling in Two Species of Colonial Cnidarians. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2019; 237:63-72. [PMID: 31441699 DOI: 10.1086/703791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic activation can have a profound impact, for instance, by more than compensating for the lower resting metabolic rates of large organisms compared to smaller ones. In some animals, activity can easily be judged by the rate of muscle-driven movement. In sessile organisms, however, judging activity is less straightforward, although feeding often results in metabolic activation. Two colonial cnidarians were examined in this context, using entirely lab-grown material to remove any artifactual effects of experimental manipulations. Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus is a carnivorous hydroid that uses active muscular contractions to drive its gastrovascular fluid. Sympodium sp., on the other hand, is an octocoral that hosts photosynthetic Symbiodinium and uses cilia to propel its gastrovascular fluid. Measures of oxygen uptake indicated that feeding activated metabolism in H. symbiolongicarpus. While light treatment had no effect on subsequent dark metabolism in Sympodium sp., stress activated metabolism to an extent comparable to H. symbiolongicarpus. In both taxa, different individual size measures or synthetic size measures derived from principal component analysis produced different scaling relationships between metabolism and size. On balance, the data suggest that scaling was negatively allometric in Sympodium sp. and nearly isometric in H. symbiolongicarpus; yet metabolic activation was comparable in the two species. Regardless of the size measure used, active and resting colonies of H. symbiolongicarpus exhibited similar scaling relationships. Colonial animals may lack the large difference between resting and active metabolic rates found in highly active animals, and this may be related to how their metabolism scales with size.
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7
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Li H, Mishra M, Ding S, Miyamoto MM. Diversity and Dynamics of "Candidatus Endobugula" and Other Symbiotic Bacteria in Chinese Populations of the Bryozoan, Bugula neritina. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 77:243-256. [PMID: 30141128 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bugula neritina is a common invasive cosmopolitan bryozoan that harbors (like many sessile marine invertebrates) a symbiotic bacterial (SB) community. Among the SB of B. neritina, "Candidatus Endobugula sertula" continues to receive the greatest attention, because it is the source of bryostatins. The bryostatins are potent bioactive polyketides, which have been investigated for their therapeutic potential to treat various cancers, Alzheimer's disease, and AIDS. In this study, we compare the metagenomics sequences for the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of the SB communities from different geographic and life cycle samples of Chinese B. neritina. Using a variety of approaches for estimating alpha/beta diversity and taxonomic abundance, we find that the SB communities vary geographically with invertebrate and fish mariculture and with latitude and environmental temperature. During the B. neritina life cycle, we find that the diversity and taxonomic abundances of the SB communities change with the onset of host metamorphosis, filter feeding, colony formation, reproduction, and increased bryostatin production. "Ca. Endobugula sertula" is confirmed as the symbiont of the Chinese "Ca. Endobugula"/B. neritina symbiosis. Our study extends our knowledge about B. neritina symbiosis from the New to the Old World and offers new insights into the environmental and life cycle factors that can influence its SB communities, "Ca. Endobugula," and bryostatins more globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Mrinal Mishra
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Box 118525, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8525, USA
| | - Shaoxiong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Michael M Miyamoto
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Box 118525, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8525, USA
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8
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Flores J. Decreasing fractal dimensions as a strategy for oceanic wildlife conservation: Application to species with large migration patterns. Ecol Modell 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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9
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Ghedini G, White CR, Marshall DJ. Does energy flux predict density‐dependence? An empirical field test. Ecology 2017; 98:3116-3126. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ghedini
- Centre for Geometric Biology School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Craig R. White
- Centre for Geometric Biology School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Dustin J. Marshall
- Centre for Geometric Biology School of Biological Sciences Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia
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10
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Lagos ME, White CR, Marshall DJ. Do invasive species live faster? Mass‐specific metabolic rate depends on growth form and invasion status. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo E. Lagos
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Craig R. White
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Dustin J. Marshall
- School of Biological Sciences/Centre for Geometric Biology Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
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Liow LH, Di Martino E, Krzeminska M, Ramsfjell M, Rust S, Taylor PD, Voje KL. Relative size predicts competitive outcome through 2 million years. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:981-988. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hsiang Liow
- Natural History Museum and Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | | | | | - Mali Ramsfjell
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | | | - Paul D. Taylor
- Department of Earth Sciences Natural History Museum London UK
| | - Kjetil L. Voje
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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12
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Barneche DR, White CR, Marshall DJ. Temperature effects on mass‐scaling exponents in colonial animals: a manipulative test. Ecology 2016; 98:103-111. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego R. Barneche
- Centre for Geometric Biology/School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Craig R. White
- Centre for Geometric Biology/School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Dustin J. Marshall
- Centre for Geometric Biology/School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
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