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Wilsey B, Martin L, Xu X, Isbell F, Polley HW. Biodiversity: Net primary productivity relationships are eliminated by invasive species dominance. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14342. [PMID: 38098152 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Experiments often find that net primary productivity (NPP) increases with species richness when native species are considered. However, relationships may be altered by exotic (non-native) species, which are hypothesized to reduce richness but increase productivity (i.e., 'invasion-diversity-productivity paradox'). We compared richness-NPP relationships using a comparison of exotic versus native-dominated sites across the central USA, and two experiments under common environments. Aboveground NPP was measured using peak biomass clipping in all three studies, and belowground NPP was measured in one study with root ingrowth cores using root-free soil. In all studies, there was a significantly positive relationship between NPP and richness across native species-dominated sites and plots, but no relationship across exotic-dominated ones. These results indicate that relationships between NPP and richness depend on whether native or exotic species are dominant, and that exotic species are 'breaking the rules', altering richness-productivity and richness-C stock relationships after invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Wilsey
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology 251 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Leanne Martin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology 251 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology 251 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - H Wayne Polley
- Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Temple, Texas, USA
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Maxwell TM, Germino MJ. The effects of cheatgrass invasion on US Great Basin carbon storage depend on interactions between plant community composition, precipitation seasonality, and soil climate regime. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toby M. Maxwell
- Department of Biological Sciences Boise State University Boise Idaho USA
| | - Matthew J. Germino
- US Geological Survey, Forest Rangeland and Ecosystem Science Center Boise Idaho USA
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Mahood AL, Jones RO, Board DI, Balch JK, Chambers JC. Interannual climate variability mediates changes in carbon and nitrogen pools caused by annual grass invasion in a semiarid shrubland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:267-284. [PMID: 34614268 PMCID: PMC9291498 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Exotic plant invasions alter ecosystem properties and threaten ecosystem functions globally. Interannual climate variability (ICV) influences both plant community composition (PCC) and soil properties, and interactions between ICV and PCC may influence nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) pools. We asked how ICV and non-native annual grass invasion covary to influence soil and plant N and C in a semiarid shrubland undergoing widespread ecosystem transformation due to invasions and altered fire regimes. We sampled four progressive stages of annual grass invasion at 20 sites across a large (25,000 km2 ) landscape for plant community composition, plant tissue N and C, and soil total N and C in 2013 and 2016, which followed 2 years of dry and wet conditions, respectively. Multivariate analyses and ANOVAs showed that in invasion stages where native shrub and perennial grass and forb communities were replaced by annual grass-dominated communities, the ecosystem lost more soil N and C in wet years. Path analysis showed that high water availability led to higher herbaceous cover in all invasion stages. In stages with native shrubs and perennial grasses, higher perennial grass cover was associated with increased soil C and N, while in annual-dominated stages, higher annual grass cover was associated with losses of soil C and N. Also, soil total C and C:N ratios were more homogeneous in annual-dominated invasion stages as indicated by within-site standard deviations. Loss of native shrubs and perennial grasses and forbs coupled with annual grass invasion may lead to long-term declines in soil N and C and hamper restoration efforts. Restoration strategies that use innovative techniques and novel species to address increasing temperatures and ICV and emphasize maintaining plant community structure-shrubs, grasses, and forbs-will allow sagebrush ecosystems to maintain C sequestration, soil fertility, and soil heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Mahood
- Department of GeographyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
- Earth LabUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Rachel O. Jones
- Department of Biological & Ecological EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - David I. Board
- US Forest ServiceRocky Mountain Research StationRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Jennifer K. Balch
- Department of GeographyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
- Earth LabUniversity of ColoradoBoulderColoradoUSA
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Bai Y, Ma L, Degen AA, Rafiq MK, Kuzyakov Y, Zhao J, Zhang R, Zhang T, Wang W, Li X, Long R, Shang Z. Long-term active restoration of extremely degraded alpine grassland accelerated turnover and increased stability of soil carbon. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:7217-7228. [PMID: 32974963 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil nutrient contents and organic carbon (C) stability are key indicators for restoration of degraded grassland. However, the effects of long-term active restoration of extremely degraded grassland on soil parameters have been equivocal. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impact of active restoration of degraded alpine grassland on: (a) soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization; and (b) the importance of biotic factors for temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) of SOM mineralization. Soils were sampled from intact, degraded and restored alpine grasslands at altitudes ranging between 3,900 and 4,200 m on the Tibetan Plateau. The samples were incubated at 5, 15 and 25°C, and Q10 values of SOM mineralization were determined. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the importance of vegetation, soil physico-chemical properties and microbial parameters for Q10 regulation. The Q10 of N mineralization was similar among intact, degraded and restored soils (0.84-1.24) and was higher in topsoil (1.09) than in subsoil (0.92). The best predictive factor of CO2 -Q10 for intact grassland was microbial biomass, for degraded grassland was basal microbial respiration, and for restored grassland was soil bulk density. Restoration by planting vegetation decreased the Q10 of SOM mineralization as soil bulk density, the most important negative predictor, increased in restored grassland. The Q10 of SOM mineralization in topsoil was 14% higher than in subsoil because of higher microbial abundance and exo-enzyme activities. The NH4 + content was greatest in intact soil, while NO3 - content was greatest in degraded soil. The SOM mineralization rate decreased with grassland degradation and increased after long-term (>10 years) restoration. In conclusion, extremely degraded grassland needs proper long-term management in active restoration projects, especially for improvement of soil nutrients in a harsh environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Abraham A Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Muhammad K Rafiq
- Rangeland Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany
- Agro-Technological Institute, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Jingxue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Innovation Ecology & College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruijun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhanhuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, China
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Wilsey B. Restoration in the face of changing climate: importance of persistence, priority effects, and species diversity. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Wilsey
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Iowa State University 251 Bessey Hall, Ames IA 50011 U.S.A
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