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Edwards SC, Sutton CE, Ladell K, Grant EJ, McLaren JE, Roche F, Dash P, Apiwattanakul N, Awad W, Miners KL, Lalor SJ, Ribot JC, Baik S, Moran B, McGinley A, Pivorunas V, Dowding L, Macoritto M, Paez-Cortez J, Slavin A, Anderson G, Silva-Santos B, Hokamp K, Price DA, Thomas PG, McLoughlin RM, Mills KHG. A population of proinflammatory T cells coexpresses αβ and γδ T cell receptors in mice and humans. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133848. [PMID: 32106283 PMCID: PMC7201916 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are classically recognized as distinct subsets that express αβ or γδ TCRs. We identify a novel population of T cells that coexpress αβ and γδ TCRs in mice and humans. These hybrid αβ-γδ T cells arose in the murine fetal thymus by day 16 of ontogeny, underwent αβ TCR-mediated positive selection into CD4+ or CD8+ thymocytes, and constituted up to 10% of TCRδ+ cells in lymphoid organs. They expressed high levels of IL-1R1 and IL-23R and secreted IFN-γ, IL-17, and GM-CSF in response to canonically restricted peptide antigens or stimulation with IL-1β and IL-23. Hybrid αβ-γδ T cells were transcriptomically distinct from conventional γδ T cells and displayed a hyperinflammatory phenotype enriched for chemokine receptors and homing molecules that facilitate migration to sites of inflammation. These proinflammatory T cells promoted bacterial clearance after infection with Staphylococcus aureus and, by licensing encephalitogenic Th17 cells, played a key role in the development of autoimmune disease in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Edwards
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Caroline E Sutton
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emma J Grant
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.,Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Fiona Roche
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pradyot Dash
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Nopporn Apiwattanakul
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Walid Awad
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kelly L Miners
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephen J Lalor
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Julie C Ribot
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Song Baik
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Barry Moran
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife McGinley
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Graham Anderson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Karsten Hokamp
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Rachel M McLoughlin
- Host Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kingston H G Mills
- Immune Regulation Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Yazdanifar M, Barbarito G, Bertaina A, Airoldi I. γδ T Cells: The Ideal Tool for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:E1305. [PMID: 32456316 PMCID: PMC7290982 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells have recently gained considerable attention as an attractive tool for cancer adoptive immunotherapy due to their potent anti-tumor activity and unique role in immunosurveillance. The remarkable success of engineered T cells for the treatment of hematological malignancies has revolutionized the field of adoptive cell immunotherapy. Accordingly, major efforts are underway to translate this exciting technology to the treatment of solid tumors and the development of allogeneic therapies. The unique features of γδ T cells, including their major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent anti-cancer activity, tissue tropism, and multivalent response against a broad spectrum of the tumors, render them ideal for designing universal 'third-party' cell products, with the potential to overcome the challenges of allogeneic cell therapy. In this review, we describe the crucial role of γδ T cells in anti-tumor immunosurveillance and we summarize the different approaches used for the ex vivo and in vivo expansion of γδ T cells suitable for the development of novel strategies for cancer therapy. We further discuss the different transduction strategies aiming at redirecting or improving the function of γδ T cells, as well as, the considerations for the clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (M.Y.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Barbarito
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (M.Y.); (G.B.)
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (M.Y.); (G.B.)
| | - Irma Airoldi
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali post-natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS G. Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
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Ziegler H, Welker C, Sterk M, Haarer J, Rammensee HG, Handgretinger R, Schilbach K. Human Peripheral CD4(+) Vδ1(+) γδT Cells Can Develop into αβT Cells. Front Immunol 2014; 5:645. [PMID: 25709606 PMCID: PMC4329445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The lifelong generation of αβT cells enables us to continuously build immunity against pathogens and malignancies despite the loss of thymic function with age. Homeostatic proliferation of post-thymic naïve and memory T cells and their transition into effector and long-lived memory cells balance the decreasing output of naïve T cells, and recent research suggests that also αβT-cell development independent from the thymus may occur. However, the sites and mechanisms of extrathymic T-cell development are not yet understood in detail. γδT cells represent a small fraction of the overall T-cell pool, and are endowed with tremendous phenotypic and functional plasticity. γδT cells that express the Vδ1 gene segment are a minor population in human peripheral blood but predominate in epithelial (and inflamed) tissues. Here, we characterize a CD4+ peripheral Vδ1+ γδT-cell subpopulation that expresses stem-cell and progenitor markers and is able to develop into functional αβT cells ex vivo in a simple culture system and in vivo. The route taken by this process resembles thymic T-cell development. However, it involves the re-organization of the Vδ1+ γδTCR into the αβTCR as a consequence of TCR-γ chain downregulation and the expression of surface Vδ1+Vβ+ TCR components, which we believe function as surrogate pre-TCR. This transdifferentiation process is readily detectable in vivo in inflamed tissue. Our study provides a conceptual framework for extrathymic T-cell development and opens up a new vista in immunology that requires adaptive immune responses in infection, autoimmunity, and cancer to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Ziegler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Christian Welker
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Marco Sterk
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Jan Haarer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Karin Schilbach
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital, University of Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
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Luche H, Nageswara Rao T, Kumar S, Tasdogan A, Beckel F, Blum C, Martins VC, Rodewald HR, Fehling HJ. In vivo fate mapping identifies pre-TCRα expression as an intra- and extrathymic, but not prethymic, marker of T lymphopoiesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:699-714. [PMID: 23509324 PMCID: PMC3620354 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20122609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel pre-TCRα (pTα) reporter mouse reveals that expression of pTα is confined to the T lineage and does not occur on prethymic progenitors. Expression of the pre–T cell receptor α (pTα) gene has been exploited in previous studies as a molecular marker to identify tiny cell populations in bone marrow (BM) and blood that were suggested to contain physiologically relevant thymus settling progenitors (TSPs). But to what extent these cells genuinely contribute to thymopoiesis has remained obscure. We have generated a novel pTαiCre knockin mouse line and performed lineage-tracing experiments to precisely quantitate the contribution of pTα-expressing progenitors to distinct differentiation pathways and to the genealogy of mature hematopoietic cells under physiological in vivo conditions. Using these mice in combination with fluorescent reporter strains, we observe highly consistent labeling patterns that identify pTα expression as a faithful molecular marker of T lineage commitment. Specifically, the fate of pTα-expressing progenitors was found to include all αβ and most γδ T cells but, in contrast to previous assumptions, to exclude B, NK, and thymic dendritic cells. Although we could detect small numbers of T cell progenitors with a history of pTα expression in BM and blood, our data clearly exclude these populations as physiologically important precursors of thymopoiesis and indicate that they instead belong to a pathway of T cell maturation previously defined as extrathymic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Luche
- Institute of Immunology, University Clinics Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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Tussiwand R, Engdahl C, Gehre N, Bosco N, Ceredig R, Rolink AG. The preTCR-dependent DN3 to DP transition requires Notch signaling, is improved by CXCL12 signaling and is inhibited by IL-7 signaling. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:3371-80. [PMID: 21882187 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The requirement for Notch signaling during T-cell development has been extensively studied. Nevertheless, the developmental stage at which it is required and whether additional signaling pathways are needed are still poorly understood. By using a stromal-cell-free culture system, we show that sorted double-negative 3 (DN3) thymocytes only require a Delta-like-4-induced Notch signal to differentiate into double-positive (DP) cells. This differentiation process is preTCR-α dependent. DN3 cells undergo 4-5 proliferation cycles, and the addition of the chemokine CXCL12 improves proliferation. IL-7 blocks the differentiation of DN3 cells to DP cells but not the Notch-induced proliferation of cultured DN3 cells. The impaired differentiation correlates with an inhibition of Rag-2 up-regulation. Overall, the in vitro stromal-cell-free culture system presented here also provides a powerful and unique tool for studying the mechanisms involved in the positive and negative selection of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Tussiwand
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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