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Erber J, Herndler-Brandstetter D. Regulation of T cell differentiation and function by long noncoding RNAs in homeostasis and cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181499. [PMID: 37346034 PMCID: PMC10281531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) increase in genomes of complex organisms and represent the largest group of RNA genes transcribed in mammalian cells. Previously considered only transcriptional noise, lncRNAs comprise a heterogeneous class of transcripts that are emerging as critical regulators of T cell-mediated immunity. Here we summarize the lncRNA expression landscape of different T cell subsets and highlight recent advances in the role of lncRNAs in regulating T cell differentiation, function and exhaustion during homeostasis and cancer. We discuss the different molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs and highlight lncRNAs that can serve as novel targets to modulate T cell function or to improve the response to cancer immunotherapies by modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
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MacNabb BW, Rothenberg EV. Speed and navigation control of thymocyte development by the fetal T-cell gene regulatory network. Immunol Rev 2023; 315:171-196. [PMID: 36722494 PMCID: PMC10771342 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
T-cell differentiation is a tightly regulated developmental program governed by interactions between transcription factors (TFs) and chromatin landscapes and affected by signals received from the thymic stroma. This process is marked by a series of checkpoints: T-lineage commitment, T-cell receptor (TCR)β selection, and positive and negative selection. Dynamically changing combinations of TFs drive differentiation along the T-lineage trajectory, through mechanisms that have been most extensively dissected in adult mouse T-lineage cells. However, fetal T-cell development differs from adult in ways that suggest that these TF mechanisms are not fully deterministic. The first wave of fetal T-cell differentiation occurs during a unique developmental window during thymic morphogenesis, shows more rapid kinetics of differentiation with fewer rounds of cell division, and gives rise to unique populations of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and invariant γδT cells that are not generated in the adult thymus. As the characteristic kinetics and progeny biases are cell-intrinsic properties of thymic progenitors, the differences could be based on distinct TF network circuitry within the progenitors themselves. Here, we review recent single-cell transcriptome data that illuminate the TF networks involved in T-cell differentiation in the fetal and adult mouse thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan W MacNabb
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Ellen V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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Anderson MK, da Rocha JDB. Direct regulation of TCR rearrangement and expression by E proteins during early T cell development. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1578. [PMID: 35848146 PMCID: PMC9669112 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
γδ T cells are widely distributed throughout mucosal and epithelial cell-rich tissues and are an important early source of IL-17 in response to several pathogens. Like αβ T cells, γδ T cells undergo a stepwise process of development in the thymus that requires recombination of genome-encoded segments to assemble mature T cell receptor (TCR) genes. This process is tightly controlled on multiple levels to enable TCR segment assembly while preventing the genomic instability inherent in the double-stranded DNA breaks that occur during this process. Each TCR locus has unique aspects in its structure and requirements, with different types of regulation before and after the αβ/γδ T cell fate choice. It has been known that Runx and Myb are critical transcriptional regulators of TCRγ and TCRδ expression, but the roles of E proteins in TCRγ and TCRδ regulation have been less well explored. Multiple lines of evidence show that E proteins are involved in TCR expression at many different levels, including the regulation of Rag recombinase gene expression and protein stability, induction of germline V segment expression, chromatin remodeling, and restriction of the fetal and adult γδTCR repertoires. Importantly, E proteins interact directly with the cis-regulatory elements of the TCRγ and TCRδ loci, controlling the predisposition of a cell to become an αβ T cell or a γδ T cell, even before the lineage-dictating TCR signaling events. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Stem Cells and Development Immune System Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele K Anderson
- Department Immunology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Tuengel J, Ranchal S, Maslova A, Aulakh G, Papadopoulou M, Drissler S, Cai B, Mohsenzadeh-Green C, Soudeyns H, Mostafavi S, van den Elzen P, Vermijlen D, Cook L, Gantt S. Characterization of Adaptive-like γδ T Cells in Ugandan Infants during Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:1987. [PMID: 34696417 DOI: 10.3390/v13101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells are unconventional T cells that help control cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in adults. γδ T cells develop early in gestation, and a fetal public γδ T cell receptor (TCR) clonotype is detected in congenital CMV infections. However, age-dependent γδ T cell responses to primary CMV infection are not well-understood. Flow cytometry and TCR sequencing was used to comprehensively characterize γδ T cell responses to CMV infection in a cohort of 32 infants followed prospectively from birth. Peripheral blood γδ T cell frequencies increased during infancy, and were higher among CMV-infected infants relative to uninfected. Clustering analyses revealed associations between CMV infection and activation marker expression on adaptive-like Vδ1 and Vδ3, but not innate-like Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cell subsets. Frequencies of NKG2C+CD57+ γδ T cells were temporally associated with the quantity of CMV shed in saliva by infants with primary infection. The public γδ TCR clonotype was only detected in CMV-infected infants <120 days old and at lower frequencies than previously described in fetal infections. Our findings support the notion that CMV infection drives age-dependent expansions of specific γδ T cell populations, and provide insight for novel strategies to prevent CMV transmission and disease.
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Looman KIM, Santos S, Moll HA, Leijten CWE, Grosserichter-Wagener C, Voortman T, Jaddoe VVW, van Zelm MC, Kiefte-de Jong JC. Childhood Adiposity Associated With Expanded Effector Memory CD8+ and Vδ2+Vγ9+ T Cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e3923-e3935. [PMID: 34128988 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adult obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and may give rise to future chronic disease. However, it is unclear whether adiposity-related inflammation is already apparent in childhood. OBJECTIVE To study associations between child adiposity measures with circulating monocytes and naive and memory subsets in CD4, CD8, and γδ T cell lineages. METHODS Ten-year-old children (n = 890) from the Generation R Cohort underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging for body composition (body mass index [BMI], fat mass index [FMI], android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio, visceral fat index, liver fat fraction). Blood samples were taken for detailed immunophenotyping of leukocytes by 11-color flow cytometry. RESULTS Several statistically significant associations were observed. A 1-SD increase in total FMI was associated with +8.4% (95% CI 2.0, 15.2) Vδ2+Vγ9+ and +7.4% (95% CI 2.4, 12.5) CD8+TEMRO cell numbers. A 1-SD increase in visceral fat index was associated with +10.7% (95% CI 3.3, 18.7) Vδ2+Vγ9+ and +8.3% (95% CI 2.6, 14.4) CD8+TEMRO cell numbers. Higher android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio was only associated with higher Vδ2+Vγ9+ T cells. Liver fat was associated with higher CD8+TEMRO cells but not with Vδ2+Vγ9+ T cells. Only liver fat was associated with lower Th17 cell numbers: a 1-SD increase was associated with -8.9% (95% CI -13.7, -3.7) Th17 cells. No associations for total CD8+, CD4+ T cells, or monocytes were observed. BMI was not associated with immune cells. CONCLUSION Higher Vδ2+Vγ9+ and CD8+TEMRO cell numbers in children with higher visceral fat index could reflect presence of adiposity-related inflammation in children with adiposity of a general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten I M Looman
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, GD, Rotterdam,the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susana Santos
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, GD, Rotterdam,the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henriette A Moll
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte W E Leijten
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, GD, Rotterdam,the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Trudy Voortman
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, GD, Rotterdam,the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent V W Jaddoe
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, GD, Rotterdam,the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care/LUMC Campus The Hague, Leiden University Medical Center, RC, Leiden,The Netherlands
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Morrison AL, Sharpe S, White AD, Bodman-Smith M. Cheap and Commonplace: Making the Case for BCG and γδ T Cells in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:743924. [PMID: 34567010 PMCID: PMC8455994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.743924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific vaccines developed for the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrate a remarkable achievement and are currently being used in high income countries with much success. However, new SARS-CoV-2 variants are threatening this success via mutations that lessen the efficacy of antigen-specific antibodies. One simple approach to assisting with this issue is focusing on strategies that build on the non-specific protection afforded by the innate immune response. The BCG vaccine has been shown to provide broad protection beyond tuberculosis disease, including against respiratory viruses, and ongoing studies are investigating its efficacy as a tool against SARS-CoV-2. Gamma delta (γδ) T cells, particularly the Vδ2 subtype, undergo rapid expansion after BCG vaccination due to MHC-independent mechanisms. Consequently, γδ T cells can produce diverse defenses against virally infected cells, including direct cytotoxicity, death receptor ligands, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. They can also assist in stimulating the adaptive immune system. BCG is affordable, commonplace and non-specific, and therefore could be a useful tool to initiate innate protection against new SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, considerations must also be made to BCG vaccine supply and the prioritization of countries where it is most needed to combat tuberculosis first and foremost.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally Sharpe
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. White
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bodman-Smith
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Kim S, Lim B, Mattoo SU, Oh EY, Jeong CG, Kim WI, Lee KT, Lee SM, Kim JM. Comprehensive Transcriptomic Comparison between Porcine CD8 - and CD8 + Gamma Delta T Cells Revealed Distinct Immune Phenotype. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2165. [PMID: 34438623 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study was conducted to comprehensively understand the functional mechanisms of CD8+/− porcine gamma delta (γδ) T cells related to the immune system using RNA-sequencing technology. In total, 646 upregulated and 561 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for CD8+ were identified and functional annotation was performed. A cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway were enriched in the upregulated DEG group, whereas the B cell receptor signaling pathway was enriched in the downregulated DEG group. Chemokine-related genes (CXCR3, CCR5, CCL4, CCL5), interferon gamma (IFNG), and CD40 ligand (CD40LG) identified in the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and TCR signaling pathway may affect the inter-regulation of immune signaling. Our results are expected to contribute to the understanding of mechanisms of porcine γδ T cells. Abstract We aimed to comprehensively understand the functional mechanisms of immunity, especially of the CD8+/− subsets of gamma delta (γδ) T cells, using an RNA-sequencing analysis. Herein, γδ T cells were obtained from bronchial lymph node tissues of 38-day-old (after weaning 10-day: D10) and 56-day-old (after weaning 28-day: D28) weaned pigs and sorted into CD8+ and CD8− groups. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on the CD8 groups at D10 and D28 time points. We confirmed 1699 DEGs between D10 CD8+ versus D10 CD8− groups and 1784 DEGs between D28 CD8+ versus D28 CD8− groups; 646 upregulated and 561 downregulated DEGs were common. The common upregulated DEGs were enriched in the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway, and the common downregulated DEGs were enriched in the B cell receptor signaling pathway. Further, chemokine-related genes, interferon gamma, and CD40 ligand were involved in the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and TCR signaling pathway, which are associated with inter-regulation in immunity. We expect our results to form the basic data required for understanding the mechanisms of γδ T cells in pigs; however, further studies are required in order to reveal the dynamic changes in γδ T cells under pathogenic infections, such as those by viruses.
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Li H, Han G, Li X, Li B, Wu B, Jin H, Wu L, Wang W. MAPK-RAP1A Signaling Enriched in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Associated With Favorable Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells and Clinical Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:649980. [PMID: 34178637 PMCID: PMC8222816 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.649980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MAPK-RAP1A signaling, which is involved in cancer progression, remains to be defined. Upregulation of MAPK-RAP1A signaling accounts for most cancers that harbor high incident rate, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and pancreatic cancer, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MAPK-RAP1A signaling plays an important function as clinical diagnosis and prognostic value in cancers, and the role of MAPK-RAP1A signaling related with immune infiltration for HCC should be elucidated. Methods Microarray data and patient cohort information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; n = 425) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC; n = 405) were selected for validation. The Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used to construct a clinical prognostic model in this analysis and validation study. We also tested the area under the curve (AUC) of the risk signature that could reflect the status of predictive power by determining model. MAPK-RAP1A signaling is also associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) as well as clinical parameters in HCC. The GSEA and CIBERSORT were used to calculate the proportion of TICs, which should be beneficial for the clinical characteristics (clinical stage, distant metastasis) and positively correlated with the survival of HCC patients. Results HCC patients with enrichment of MAPK-RAP1A signaling were associated with clinical characteristics and favorable T cell gamma delta (Vδ T cells), and STMN1, RAP1A, FLT3, HSPA8, ANGPT2, and PGF were used as candidate biomarkers for risk scores of HCC. To determine the molecular mechanism of this signature gene association, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was proposed. Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TGF-β signaling pathway, and Intestinal immune network for IgA production gene sets were closely related in MAPK-RAP1A gene sets. Thus, we established a novel prognostic prediction of HCC to deepen learning of MAPK-RAP1A signaling pathways. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that HCC patients with enrichment of MAPK-RAP1A signaling were associated with clinical characteristics and favorable T cell gamma delta (Vδ T cells), which may be a novel prognostic prediction of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Guangyu Han
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Bowen Li
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyuan Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingli Wu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
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Caron J, Ridgley LA, Bodman-Smith M. How to Train Your Dragon: Harnessing Gamma Delta T Cells Antiviral Functions and Trained Immunity in a Pandemic Era. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666983. [PMID: 33854516 PMCID: PMC8039298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of viruses with pandemic potential such as the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus causing COVID-19 poses a global health challenge. There is remarkable progress in vaccine technology in response to this threat, but their design often overlooks the innate arm of immunity. Gamma Delta (γδ) T cells are a subset of T cells with unique features that gives them a key role in the innate immune response to a variety of homeostatic alterations, from cancer to microbial infections. In the context of viral infection, a growing body of evidence shows that γδ T cells are particularly equipped for early virus detection, which triggers their subsequent activation, expansion and the fast deployment of antiviral functions such as direct cytotoxic pathways, secretion of cytokines, recruitment and activation of other immune cells and mobilization of a trained immunity memory program. As such, γδ T cells represent an attractive target to stimulate for a rapid and effective resolution of viral infections. Here, we review the known aspects of γδ T cells that make them crucial component of the immune response to viruses, and the ways that their antiviral potential can be harnessed to prevent or treat viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Caron
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Alice Ridgley
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bodman-Smith
- Infection and Immunity Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Chen JB, Kong XF, Qian W, Mu F, Lu TY, Lu YY, Xu KC. Two weeks of hydrogen inhalation can significantly reverse adaptive and innate immune system senescence patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a self-controlled study. Med Gas Res 2021; 10:149-154. [PMID: 33380580 PMCID: PMC8092147 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.304221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Following standard treatments, the traditional model for enhancing anti-tumor immunity involves performing immune reconstitution (e.g., adoptive immune cell therapies or immunoenhancing drugs) to prevent recurrence. For patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, we report here on two objectives, the immunosenescence for advanced non-small cell lung cancer and hydrogen gas inhalation for immune reconstitution. From July 1st to September 25th, 2019, 20 non-small cell lung cancer patients were enrolled to evaluate the immunosenescence of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, including T cell, natural killer/natural killer T cell and gamma delta T cell. Two weeks of hydrogen inhalation was performed during the waiting period for treatment-related examination. All patients inhaled a mixture of hydrogen (66.7%) and oxygen (33.3%) with a gas flow rate of 3 L/min for 4 hours each day. None of the patients received any standard treatment during the hydrogen inhalation period. After pretreatment testing, major indexes of immunosenescence were observed. The abnormally higher indexes included exhausted cytotoxic T cells, senescent cytotoxic T cells, and killer Vδ1 cells. After 2 weeks of hydrogen therapy, the number of exhausted and senescent cytotoxic T cells decreased to within the normal range, and there was an increase in killer Vδ1 cells. The abnormally lower indexes included functional helper and cytotoxic T cells, Th1, total natural killer T cells, natural killer, and Vδ2 cells. After 2 weeks of hydrogen therapy, all six cell subsets increased to within the normal range. The current data indicate that the immunosenescence of advanced non-small cell lung cancer involves nearly all lymphocyte subsets, and 2 weeks of hydrogen treatment can significantly improve most of these indexes. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fuda Cancer Hospital, Jinan University in China (approval No. Fuda20181207) on December 7th, 2018, and was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03818347) on January 24th, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Bing Chen
- Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University; Fuda Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Kong
- Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng Mu
- Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tian-Yu Lu
- Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University; Fuda Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - You-Yong Lu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Xu
- Fuda Cancer Hospital of Jinan University; Fuda Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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11
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Yukl SA, Khan S, Chen TH, Trapecar M, Wu F, Xie G, Telwatte S, Fulop D, Pico AR, Laird GM, Ritter KD, Jones NG, Lu CM, Siliciano RF, Roan NR, Milush JM, Somsouk M, Deeks SG, Hunt PW, Sanjabi S. Shared Mechanisms Govern HIV Transcriptional Suppression in Circulating CD103 + and Gut CD4 + T Cells. J Virol 2020; 95:e01331-20. [PMID: 33115867 PMCID: PMC7944458 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01331-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent HIV infection is the main barrier to cure, and most HIV-infected cells reside in the gut, where distinct but unknown mechanisms may promote viral latency. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), which induces the expression of CD103 on tissue-resident memory T cells, has been implicated in HIV latency. Using CD103 as a surrogate marker to identify cells that have undergone TGF-β signaling, we compared the HIV RNA/DNA contents and cellular transcriptomes of CD103+ and CD103- CD4 T cells from the blood and rectum of HIV-negative (HIV-) and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-suppressed HIV-positive (HIV+) individuals. Like gut CD4+ T cells, circulating CD103+ cells harbored more HIV DNA than did CD103- cells but transcribed less HIV RNA per provirus. Circulating CD103+ cells also shared a gene expression profile that is closer to that of gut CD4 T cells than to that of circulating CD103- cells, with significantly lower expression levels of ribosomal proteins and transcriptional and translational pathways associated with HIV expression but higher expression levels of a subset of genes implicated in suppressing HIV transcription. These findings suggest that blood CD103+ CD4 T cells can serve as a model to study the molecular mechanisms of HIV latency in the gut and reveal new cellular factors that may contribute to HIV latency.IMPORTANCE The ability of HIV to establish a reversibly silent, "latent" infection is widely regarded as the main barrier to curing HIV. Most HIV-infected cells reside in tissues such as the gut, but it is unclear what mechanisms maintain HIV latency in the blood or gut. We found that circulating CD103+ CD4+ T cells are enriched for HIV-infected cells in a latent-like state. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we found that CD103+ T cells share a cellular transcriptome that more closely resembles that of CD4+ T cells from the gut, suggesting that they are homing to or from the gut. We also identified the cellular genes whose expression distinguishes gut CD4+ or circulating CD103+ T cells from circulating CD103- T cells, including some genes that have been implicated in HIV expression. These genes may contribute to latent HIV infection in the gut and may serve as new targets for therapies aimed at curing HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Yukl
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shahzada Khan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tsui-Hua Chen
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Frank Wu
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Guorui Xie
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sushama Telwatte
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel Fulop
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Norman G Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chuanyi M Lu
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert F Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nadia R Roan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Milush
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter W Hunt
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shomyseh Sanjabi
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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12
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Biradar S, Lotze MT, Mailliard RB. The Unknown Unknowns: Recovering Gamma-Delta T Cells for Control of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Viruses 2020; 12:v12121455. [PMID: 33348583 PMCID: PMC7766279 DOI: 10.3390/v12121455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in γδ T cell biology have focused on the unique attributes of these cells and their role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity, promoting tissue homeostasis, and providing resistance to various disorders. Numerous bacterial and viral pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV), greatly alter the composition of γδ T cells in vivo. Despite the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in controlling HIV and restoring health in those affected, γδ T cells are dramatically impacted during HIV infection and fail to reconstitute to normal levels in HIV-infected individuals during ART for reasons that are not clearly understood. Importantly, their role in controlling HIV infection, and the implications of their failure to rebound during ART are also largely unknown and understudied. Here, we review important aspects of human γδ T cell biology, the effector and immunomodulatory properties of these cells, their prevalence and function in HIV, and their immunotherapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivkumar Biradar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Michael T. Lotze
- Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Robbie B. Mailliard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Yazdanifar M, Barbarito G, Bertaina A, Airoldi I. γδ T Cells: The Ideal Tool for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:E1305. [PMID: 32456316 PMCID: PMC7290982 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells have recently gained considerable attention as an attractive tool for cancer adoptive immunotherapy due to their potent anti-tumor activity and unique role in immunosurveillance. The remarkable success of engineered T cells for the treatment of hematological malignancies has revolutionized the field of adoptive cell immunotherapy. Accordingly, major efforts are underway to translate this exciting technology to the treatment of solid tumors and the development of allogeneic therapies. The unique features of γδ T cells, including their major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent anti-cancer activity, tissue tropism, and multivalent response against a broad spectrum of the tumors, render them ideal for designing universal 'third-party' cell products, with the potential to overcome the challenges of allogeneic cell therapy. In this review, we describe the crucial role of γδ T cells in anti-tumor immunosurveillance and we summarize the different approaches used for the ex vivo and in vivo expansion of γδ T cells suitable for the development of novel strategies for cancer therapy. We further discuss the different transduction strategies aiming at redirecting or improving the function of γδ T cells, as well as, the considerations for the clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Yazdanifar
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (M.Y.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Barbarito
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (M.Y.); (G.B.)
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; (M.Y.); (G.B.)
| | - Irma Airoldi
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali post-natali e Terapie Cellulari, IRCCS G. Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
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14
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Omar T, Ziltener P, Chamberlain E, Cheng Z, Johnston B. Mice Lacking γδ T Cells Exhibit Impaired Clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection and Excessive Production of Inflammatory Cytokines. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00171-20. [PMID: 32229615 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00171-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic and life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. A better understanding of the role that innate immunity plays in the control of P. aeruginosa infection is crucial for therapeutic development. Specifically, the role of unconventional immune cells like γδ T cells in the clearance of P. aeruginosa lung infection is not yet well characterized. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic and life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. A better understanding of the role that innate immunity plays in the control of P. aeruginosa infection is crucial for therapeutic development. Specifically, the role of unconventional immune cells like γδ T cells in the clearance of P. aeruginosa lung infection is not yet well characterized. In this study, the role of γδ T cells was examined in an acute mouse model of P. aeruginosa lung infection. In the absence of γδ T cells, mice displayed impaired bacterial clearance and decreased survival, outcomes which were associated with delayed neutrophil recruitment and impaired recruitment of other immune cells (macrophages, T cells, natural killer cells, and natural killer T [NKT] cells) into the airways. Despite reduced NKT cell recruitment in the airways of mice lacking γδ T cells, NKT cell-deficient mice exhibited wild-type level control of P. aeruginosa infection. Proinflammatory cytokines were also altered in γδ T cell-deficient mice, with increased production of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor. γδ T cells did not appear to contribute significantly to the production of interleukin-17A or the chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2. Importantly, host survival could be improved by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor signaling with the soluble receptor construct etanercept in γδ cell-deficient mice. These findings demonstrate that γδ T cells play a protective role in coordinating the host response to P. aeruginosa lung infection, both in contributing to early immune cell recruitment and by limiting inflammation.
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15
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Abstract
Elimination of the latent HIV reservoir remains a major barrier to achieving an HIV cure. In this review, we discuss the cytolytic nature of human gamma delta T cells and highlight the emerging evidence that they can target and eliminate HIV-infected T cells. Based on observations from human clinical trials assessing gamma delta immunotherapy in oncology, we suggest key questions and research priorities for the study of these unique T cells in HIV cure research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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Karunakaran MM, Willcox CR, Salim M, Paletta D, Fichtner AS, Noll A, Starick L, Nöhren A, Begley CR, Berwick KA, Chaleil RAG, Pitard V, Déchanet-Merville J, Bates PA, Kimmel B, Knowles TJ, Kunzmann V, Walter L, Jeeves M, Mohammed F, Willcox BE, Herrmann T. Butyrophilin-2A1 Directly Binds Germline-Encoded Regions of the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR and Is Essential for Phosphoantigen Sensing. Immunity 2020; 52:487-498.e6. [PMID: 32155411 PMCID: PMC7083227 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells respond in a TCR-dependent fashion to both microbial and host-derived pyrophosphate compounds (phosphoantigens, or P-Ag). Butyrophilin-3A1 (BTN3A1), a protein structurally related to the B7 family of costimulatory molecules, is necessary but insufficient for this process. We performed radiation hybrid screens to uncover direct TCR ligands and cofactors that potentiate BTN3A1's P-Ag sensing function. These experiments identified butyrophilin-2A1 (BTN2A1) as essential to Vγ9Vδ2 T cell recognition. BTN2A1 synergised with BTN3A1 in sensitizing P-Ag-exposed cells for Vγ9Vδ2 TCR-mediated responses. Surface plasmon resonance experiments established Vγ9Vδ2 TCRs used germline-encoded Vγ9 regions to directly bind the BTN2A1 CFG-IgV domain surface. Notably, somatically recombined CDR3 loops implicated in P-Ag recognition were uninvolved. Immunoprecipitations demonstrated close cell-surface BTN2A1-BTN3A1 association independent of P-Ag stimulation. Thus, BTN2A1 is a BTN3A1-linked co-factor critical to Vγ9Vδ2 TCR recognition. Furthermore, these results suggest a composite-ligand model of P-Ag sensing wherein the Vγ9Vδ2 TCR directly interacts with both BTN2A1 and an additional ligand recognized in a CDR3-dependent manner.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/immunology
- Antigens/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Butyrophilins/chemistry
- Butyrophilins/immunology
- Butyrophilins/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Germ Cells/immunology
- Germ Cells/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Multimerization
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carrie R Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mahboob Salim
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel Paletta
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alina S Fichtner
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Noll
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Starick
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Nöhren
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte R Begley
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katie A Berwick
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Vincent Pitard
- ImmunoConcEpT Laboratory, Equipe labellisée, LIGUE 2017, UMR 5164, Bordeaux University, CNRS, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Flow Cytometry Facility, TransBioMed Core, Bordeaux University, CNRS UMS 3427, INSERM US05, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Déchanet-Merville
- ImmunoConcEpT Laboratory, Equipe labellisée, LIGUE 2017, UMR 5164, Bordeaux University, CNRS, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Flow Cytometry Facility, TransBioMed Core, Bordeaux University, CNRS UMS 3427, INSERM US05, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul A Bates
- Biomolecular Modelling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Brigitte Kimmel
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic II, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Volker Kunzmann
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic II, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Walter
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Jeeves
- Henry Wellcome Building for NMR, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiyaz Mohammed
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin E Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Thomas Herrmann
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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17
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Willcox CR, Vantourout P, Salim M, Zlatareva I, Melandri D, Zanardo L, George R, Kjaer S, Jeeves M, Mohammed F, Hayday AC, Willcox BE. Butyrophilin-like 3 Directly Binds a Human Vγ4 + T Cell Receptor Using a Modality Distinct from Clonally-Restricted Antigen. Immunity 2019; 51:813-825.e4. [PMID: 31628053 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Butyrophilin (BTN) and butyrophilin-like (BTNL/Btnl) heteromers are major regulators of human and mouse γδ T cell subsets, but considerable contention surrounds whether they represent direct γδ T cell receptor (TCR) ligands. We demonstrate that the BTNL3 IgV domain binds directly and specifically to a human Vγ4+ TCR, “LES” with an affinity (∼15–25 μM) comparable to many αβ TCR-peptide major histocompatibility complex interactions. Mutations in germline-encoded Vγ4 CDR2 and HV4 loops, but not in somatically recombined CDR3 loops, drastically diminished binding and T cell responsiveness to BTNL3-BTNL8-expressing cells. Conversely, CDR3γ and CDR3δ loops mediated LES TCR binding to endothelial protein C receptor, a clonally restricted autoantigen, with minimal CDR1, CDR2, or HV4 contributions. Thus, the γδ TCR can employ two discrete binding modalities: a non-clonotypic, superantigen-like interaction mediating subset-specific regulation by BTNL/BTN molecules and CDR3-dependent, antibody-like interactions mediating adaptive γδ T cell biology. How these findings might broadly apply to γδ T cell regulation is also examined. BTNL3 binds directly and specifically to Vγ4+ TCRs via its IgV domain The superantigen-like binding mode focuses on germline-encoded TCR regions In contrast, γδ TCR binding to a clonally restricted antigen is CDR3-mediated Mutagenesis indicates parallels with BTN3A1-mediated activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells
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18
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Frempah B, Luckett-Chastain LR, Gallucci RM. IL6Rα function in myeloid cells modulates the inflammatory response during irritant contact dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:948-955. [PMID: 31165501 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is characterized by epidermal hyperplasia, infiltration of leucocytes into lesional skin and inflammatory cytokine release. The cellular infiltrate during ICD comprises primarily cells of the myeloid lineage. Our group has previously shown that the cytokine IL-6 confers a protective effect to lesional skin during ICD. How IL-6Rα function in myeloid cells is involved in the inflammatory response during ICD is, however, unknown. In the present study, utilizing a chemical model of ICD, it is shown that mice with a myeloid-specific knockout of the IL-6Rα (IL-6RαΔmyeloid ) display an exaggerated inflammatory response to benzalkonium chloride (BKC) and Jet propellant-8 (JP8) fuel, two well-characterized irritants relative to littermate control. Results from immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses revealed that IL-6RαΔmyeloid mouse skin displayed increased epidermal hyperplasia and inflammatory monocyte influx into lesional skin but lower numbers of resident macrophages relative to littermate controls after irritant exposure. Multiplex immunoassay revealed significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and TNF-α, but reduced expression of chemokine proteins including CCL2-5, CCL7, CCL11, CXCL1 and CXCL10 in IL-6RαΔmyeloid mouse skin relative to littermate control following irritant exposure. These results highlight a previously unknown role of IL-6Rα function in myeloid cells in modulating the inflammatory response and myeloid population dynamics during ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Frempah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Lerin R Luckett-Chastain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Randle M Gallucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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19
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Schiller CB, Braciak TA, Fenn NC, Seidel UJE, Roskopf CC, Wildenhain S, Honegger A, Schubert IA, Schele A, Lämmermann K, Fey GH, Jacob U, Lang P, Hopfner KP, Oduncu FS. CD19-specific triplebody SPM-1 engages NK and γδ T cells for rapid and efficient lysis of malignant B-lymphoid cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83392-83408. [PMID: 27825135 PMCID: PMC5347777 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triplebodies are antibody-derived recombinant proteins carrying 3 antigen-binding domains in a single polypeptide chain. Triplebody SPM-1 was designed for lysis of CD19-bearing malignant B-lymphoid cells through the engagement of CD16-expressing cytolytic effectors, including NK and γδ T cells. SPM-1 is an optimized version of triplebody ds(19-16-19) and includes humanization, disulfide stabilization and the removal of potentially immunogenic sequences. A three-step chromatographic procedure yielded 1.7 - 5.5 mg of purified, monomeric protein per liter of culture medium. In cytolysis assays with NK cell effectors, SPM-1 mediated potent lysis of cancer-derived B cell lines and primary cells from patients with various B-lymphoid malignancies, which surpassed the ADCC activity of the therapeutic antibody Rituximab. EC50-values ranged from 3 to 86 pM. Finally, in an impedance-based assay, SPM-1 mediated a particularly rapid lysis of CD19-bearing target cells by engaging and activating both primary and expanded human γδ T cells from healthy donors as effectors. These data establish SPM-1 as a useful tool for a kinetic analysis of the cytolytic reactions mediated by γδ T and NK cells and as an agent deserving further development towards clinical use for the treatment of B-lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B Schiller
- Department of Biochemistry and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Todd A Braciak
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadja C Fenn
- Department of Biochemistry and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula J E Seidel
- Department of General Paediatrics, Oncology/Haematology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claudia C Roskopf
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Wildenhain
- Department of Biochemistry and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Ingo A Schubert
- Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schele
- Department of Biochemistry and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lämmermann
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Lang
- Department of General Paediatrics, Oncology/Haematology, University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl-Peter Hopfner
- Department of Biochemistry and Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Fuat S Oduncu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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20
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Juno JA, Waruk JLM, Harris A, Mesa C, Lopez C, Bueti J, Ball TB, Kiazyk SA. γδ T-cell function is inhibited in end-stage renal disease and impacted by latent tuberculosis infection. Kidney Int 2017; 92:1003-1014. [PMID: 28651949 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at elevated risk of acquiring infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB). Inflammation and uremia negatively impact immune function in this population, but specific pathways involved in TB immunity have not been identified. Although γδ T cells are known to contribute to protection from TB, their phenotype and function in patients with ESRD is relatively unknown. To determine this we recruited 20 patients with and 20 without ESRD (controls), with or without latent TB infection to assess γδ T cell frequency, surface phenotype, and cytokine production by flow cytometry in response to stimulation. γδ T cells derived from patients with ESRD exhibited significantly lower expression of CCR5, CXCR3, and CD26 compared to controls. Furthermore, patients with ESRD, particularly the group with latent TB infection, exhibited poor IFNγ, TNFα, and GMCSF responses to stimulation with either phosphoantigen HMB-PP, IL-12/IL-18, E. coli, or phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. Similar dysfunctional responses were observed in patients with active TB. Surprisingly, neither the γδ phenotype nor its function was associated with plasma markers of inflammation or microbial translocation. Thus, there is significant perturbation of the γδ T-cell population in patients with ESRD, particularly in those with latent TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jillian L M Waruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Angela Harris
- National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, HIV/TB Co-Infection Unit, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Christine Mesa
- National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, HIV/TB Co-Infection Unit, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Carmen Lopez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Joe Bueti
- Renal Program, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - T Blake Ball
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, HIV/TB Co-Infection Unit, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sandra A Kiazyk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, HIV/TB Co-Infection Unit, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
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21
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Yamachika E, Matsui Y, Matsubara M, Matsumura T, Nakata N, Moritani N, Ikeda A, Tsujigiwa H, Ohara N, Iida S. The influence of zoledronate and teriparatide on gamma delta T cells in mice. J Dent Sci 2017; 12:333-339. [PMID: 30895072 PMCID: PMC6395360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Few studies have investigated the possibility that bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) might reflect an immune response; however, gamma delta T cells have been shown to significantly decline in the blood of BRONJ patients. Additionally, there have been some reports of teriparatide usage for the treatment of BRONJ. In this study, we compared the effects of zoledronate and teriparatide on lymphocyte populations and inflammatory cytokine production in mice. Materials and methods Thirty female ICR mice were divided into three groups (n = 10 each): a vehicle, a zoledronate, and a teriparatide group. Drugs were administered for 8 weeks in each group. Lymphocytes in the blood and thymus were analyzed and femurs were used for histological observation and lymphocytes analysis of bone marrow. Cytokines were measured in separated serum using Milliplex® multiplex immunoassay analysis. Results Zoledronate decreased the T cell number in the bone marrow. Additionally, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15 and RANTES, which are cytokines that affect T cell activation, differentiation and/or proliferation, were significantly lower in zoledronate treated mice. Conversely, teriparatide treatment induced an increase in gamma delta T cells in peripheral blood. Conclusion Gamma delta T cells in the bone marrow are expected to decrease with zoledronate treatment and increase with teriparatide treatment. If BRONJ involves a loss of gamma delta T cells in the circulation or bone marrow, then the increase in gamma delta T cells that is induced by teriparatide may account for its ability to resolve BRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Yamachika
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Yuichi Matsui
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Masakazu Matsubara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kitaku, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Matsumura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kitaku, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kitaku, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Norifumi Moritani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kitaku, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Tsujigiwa
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridaicho, Kitaku, Okayama 7000005, Japan
| | - Naoya Ohara
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kitaku, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Seiji Iida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kitaku, Okayama 7008558, Japan
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22
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Segawa S, Goto D, Iizuka A, Kaneko S, Yokosawa M, Kondo Y, Matsumoto I, Sumida T. The regulatory role of interferon-γ producing gamma delta T cells via the suppression of T helper 17 cell activity in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 185:348-60. [PMID: 27083148 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial pneumonia (IP) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. However, the pathogenesis of IP remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of pulmonary γδT cells in IP. In wild-type (WT) mice exposed to bleomycin, pulmonary γδT cells were expanded and produced large amounts of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17A. Histological and biochemical analyses showed that bleomycin-induced IP was more severe in T cell receptor (TCR-δ-deficient (TCRδ(-/-) ) mice than WT mice. In TCRδ(-/-) mice, pulmonary IL-17A(+) CD4(+) Τ cells expanded at days 7 and 14 after bleomycin exposure. In TCRδ(-/-) mice infused with γδT cells from WT mice, the number of pulmonary IL-17A(+) CD4(+) T cells was lower than in TCRδ(-/-) mice. The examination of IL-17A(-/-) TCRδ(-/-) mice indicated that γδT cells suppressed pulmonary fibrosis through the suppression of IL-17A(+) CD4(+) T cells. The differentiation of T helper (Th)17 cells was determined in vitro, and CD4(+) cells isolated from TCRδ(-/-) mice showed normal differentiation of Th17 cells compared with WT mice. Th17 cell differentiation was suppressed in the presence of IFN-γ producing γδT cells in vitro. Pulmonary fibrosis was attenuated by IFN-γ-producing γδT cells through the suppression of pulmonary IL-17A(+) CD4(+) T cells. These results suggested that pulmonary γδT cells seem to play a regulatory role in the development of bleomycin-induced IP mouse model via the suppression of IL-17A production.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Segawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - D Goto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - A Iizuka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - S Kaneko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - M Yokosawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Y Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - I Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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23
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Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The parasite reaches the secondary lymphoid organs, the heart, skeletal muscles, neurons in the intestine and esophagus among other tissues. The disease is characterized by mega syndromes, which may affect the esophagus, the colon and the heart, in about 30% of infected people. The clinical manifestations associated with T. cruzi infection during the chronic phase of the disease are dependent on complex interactions between the parasite and the host tissues, particularly the lymphoid system that may either result in a balanced relationship with no disease or in an unbalanced relationship that follows an inflammatory response to parasite antigens and associated tissues in some of the host organs and/or by an autoimmune response to host antigens. This review discusses the findings that support the notion of an integrated immune response, considering the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system in the control of parasite numbers and also the mechanisms proposed to regulate the immune response in order to tolerate the remaining parasite load, during the chronic phase of infection. This knowledge is fundamental to the understanding of the disease progression and is essential for the development of novel therapies and vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Cardillo
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Bahia, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Salvador 40295-001, Brazil
| | - Rosa Teixeira de Pinho
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Renato Zuquim Antas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - José Mengel
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil Faculty of Medicine of Petropolis, FMP-FASE, 25680-120, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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24
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Rutkowski MR, Conejo-Garcia JR. Size does not matter: commensal microorganisms forge tumor-promoting inflammation and anti-tumor immunity. Oncoscience 2015; 2:239-46. [PMID: 25897427 PMCID: PMC4394129 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the commensal microbiota are indispensable for the maintenance of immune homeostasis, orchestration of immune responses against pathogens and most recently during cancer immunotherapy and malignant progression of extraintestinal tumors. Here we discuss the recent findings that a common genetic variation in TLR5 influences the progression and outcome of ovarian, sarcoma, and luminal breast tumors and the implications of these findings in light of recent publications describing the role of the commensal microbiota in control of the systemic immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Rutkowski
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, USA
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25
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 dysregulates γδ T cells as part of an immune evasion mechanism. Nearly three decades of research defined the effects of HIV on γδ T cells and how this impacts disease. With highly effective antiretroviral therapy providing virus suppression and longer survival, we expected a return to normal for γδ T cells. This is not the case. Even in patients with CD4 T cell reconstitution, normal γδ T cell levels and function are not recovered. The durable damage to Vδ2 T cells is paralleled by defects in NK, CD8 T cells, and dendritic cells. Whether these consequences of HIV stem from similar or distinct mechanisms are not known and effective means for recovering the full range of cellular immunity have not been discovered. These unanswered questions receive too little attention in the overall program of efforts to cure HIV this disease. Approved drugs capable of increasing Vδ2 T cell function are being tested in clinical trials for cancer and hold promise for restoring normal function in patients with HIV disease. The impetus for conducting clinical trials will come from understanding the significance of γδ T cells in HIV disease and what might be gained from targeted immunotherapy. This review traces the history and current progress of AIDS-related research on γδ T cells. We emphasize the damage to γδ T cells that persists despite effective virus suppression. These chronic immune deficits may be linked to the comorbidities of AIDS (cancer, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease, and others) and will hinder efforts to eradicate HIV by cytotoxic T or NK cell killing. Here, we focus on one subset of T cells that may be critical in the pathogenesis of HIV and an attractive target for new immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C David Pauza
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Bhawna Poonia
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Haishan Li
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Cristiana Cairo
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Suchita Chaudhry
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
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