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Abstract
Tumor immunity consists of various types of cells, which serve an important role in antitumor therapy. The gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of microorganisms, which form the gut microbiota. In addition to pathogen defense and maintaining the intestinal ecosystem, gut microbiota also plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes. Recently, the association between these symbionts and cancer, ranging from oncogenesis and cancer progression to resistance or sensitivity to antitumor therapies, has attracted much attention. Metagenome analysis revealed a significant difference between the gut microbial composition of cancer patients and healthy individuals. Moreover, modulation of microbiome could improve therapeutic response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These findings suggest that microbiome is involved in cancer pathogenesis and progression through regulation of tumor immunosurveillance, although the exact mechanisms remain largely unknown. This review focuses on the interaction between the microbiome and tumor immunity, with in-depth discussion regarding the therapeutic potential of modulating gut microbiota in ICIs. Further investigations are warranted before gut microbiota can be introduced into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Zhang
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Calcinotto A, Brevi A, Chesi M, Ferrarese R, Garcia Perez L, Grioni M, Kumar S, Garbitt VM, Sharik ME, Henderson KJ, Tonon G, Tomura M, Miwa Y, Esplugues E, Flavell RA, Huber S, Canducci F, Rajkumar VS, Bergsagel PL, Bellone M. Microbiota-driven interleukin-17-producing cells and eosinophils synergize to accelerate multiple myeloma progression. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4832. [PMID: 30510245 PMCID: PMC6277390 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been causally linked to cancer, yet how intestinal microbes influence progression of extramucosal tumors is poorly understood. Here we provide evidence implying that Prevotella heparinolytica promotes the differentiation of Th17 cells colonizing the gut and migrating to the bone marrow (BM) of transgenic Vk*MYC mice, where they favor progression of multiple myeloma (MM). Lack of IL-17 in Vk*MYC mice, or disturbance of their microbiome delayed MM appearance. Similarly, in smoldering MM patients, higher levels of BM IL-17 predicted faster disease progression. IL-17 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in murine plasma cells, and activated eosinophils. Treatment of Vk*MYC mice with antibodies blocking IL-17, IL-17RA, and IL-5 reduced BM accumulation of Th17 cells and eosinophils and delayed disease progression. Thus, in Vk*MYC mice, commensal bacteria appear to unleash a paracrine signaling network between adaptive and innate immunity that accelerates progression to MM, and can be targeted by already available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Calcinotto
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Brevi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Chesi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Microbiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Laura Garcia Perez
- Molekulare Immunologie und Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Victoria M Garbitt
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Meaghen E Sharik
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | | | - Giovanni Tonon
- Division of Molecular Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Michio Tomura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | | | - Enric Esplugues
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Yale University, New Haven, 06520, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Yale University, New Haven, 06520, USA
| | - Samuel Huber
- Molekulare Immunologie und Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Filippo Canducci
- Laboratory of Microbiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Vincent S Rajkumar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - P Leif Bergsagel
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy.
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Tsukahara T, Nakamura SI, Romero-Pèrez GA, Ohwaki M, Yanagisawa T, Kan T. Stimulation of murine cell-mediated immunity by dietary administration of a cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain KH-2 and its possible activity against tumour development in mice. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2018; 37:49-57. [PMID: 30094120 PMCID: PMC6081610 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.17-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that dietary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) stimulate cell-mediated immunity such as natural killer (NK) activity in mice. Here, we aimed to assay the immunomodulatory effects of a cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain KH-2 (CPEF). We further evaluated the possibility of antitumour activity caused by CPEF administration, because NK cells actively participate in the prevention of tumour formation. NK cell activity and gene expression of IFN-γ and Perforin 1, which were induced most likely by a synergetic action of their cytotoxic activity, were higher in splenocytes of CPEF-administered mice than they were in control mice. Moreover, unlike those of control mice, the splenocytes of CPEF-administered mice had significantly higher CD28+CD69+/CD4+ and CD28+CD69+/CD8+ ratios that resulted in a survival rate with a tendency toward improvement after 47 days of CPEF administration (p=0.1) in Meth-A fibrosarcoma-bearing mice. In conclusion, we showed that CPEF might be effective in treating Meth-A fibrosarcoma in mice, as it helped increase their survival rate via stimulation of an immune response in splenocytes, which involved systemic cellular immunity processes such as cytotoxic activity, and active T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Tsukahara
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition and Pathology, 7-2 Furuikedani, Ujitawara-cho, Tsuzuki-gun, Kyoto 610-0231, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakamura
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition and Pathology, 7-2 Furuikedani, Ujitawara-cho, Tsuzuki-gun, Kyoto 610-0231, Japan
| | - Gustavo A Romero-Pèrez
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition and Pathology, 7-2 Furuikedani, Ujitawara-cho, Tsuzuki-gun, Kyoto 610-0231, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohwaki
- Non-Profit Organisation, The Japanese Association of Clinical Research on Supplements, 1-9-24 Shihogi, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1248, Japan
| | - Takaharu Yanagisawa
- Broma Laboratory Ltd., 1-26 Kandasuda-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0041, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kan
- Bio-Lab Co., Ltd., 2-1-3 Komagawa, Hidaka-shi, Saitama 350-1249, Japan
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Di Nicola M, Apetoh L, Bellone M, Colombo MP, Dotti G, Ferrone S, Muscolini M, Hiscott J, Anichini A, Pupa SM, Braud FD, Del Vecchio M. Innovative Therapy, Monoclonal Antibodies and Beyond. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 38:1-9. [PMID: 29029813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The seventh Edition of "Innovative Therapy, Monoclonal Antibodies and Beyond" Meeting took place in Milan, Italy, on January 27, 2017. The two sessions of the meeting were focused on: 1) Preclinical assays and novel biotargets; and 2) monoclonal antibodies, cell therapies and targeted molecules. Between these two sessions, a lecture entitled "HLA-antigens modulation and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy" was also presented. Despite the impressive successes in cancer immunotherapy in recent years, the response to immune based interventions occurs only in a minority of patients (∼20%). Several basic and translational mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) were discussed during the meeting: 1. the impact of tumor microenvironment on the activity of immune system; 2. strategies to inhibit the cross-talk between extracellular matrix and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the preclinical setting; 3. microRNA expression as a biomarker and as a target of therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); 4. the significance of complement activation pathways in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors; 5. the immunosuppressive activity of the microbiota by inducing IL-17 producing cells; and 6. modulation of HLA antigens as possible markers of response to ICB therapy. In order to overcome the deficiency in active anti-tumor T cells, several clinically applicable combination strategies were also discussed: 1. strategies to enhance the anticancer effects of immunogenic cell death inducing-chemotherapy; 2. the use of CAR T-cells in solid tumors; 3. the use of combination strategies involving oncolytic viruses and ICBs; 4. combinations of new ICBs with anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 therapy; and 4. combinations of targeted therapies and ICBs in melanoma. Overall, this conference emphasized the many novel strategies that are being investigated to improve the overall patient response to cancer immunotherapy. Optimization of biomarkers to accurately select patients who will respond to immunotherapy, coupled with combination strategies to improve long term patient survival remain critical challenges in the immuno-oncology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Di Nicola
- Unit of Immunotherapy and Anticancer Innovative Therapeutics, Milan, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, Dept of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - L Apetoh
- INSERM, U1231, Dijon, France; 4Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - M Bellone
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M P Colombo
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - G Dotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Ferrone
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - M Muscolini
- Laboratorio Pasteur, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - J Hiscott
- Laboratorio Pasteur, Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - A Anichini
- Human Tumor Immunobiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - S M Pupa
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - F de Braud
- Medical Oncology Unit, Dept of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - M Del Vecchio
- Medical Oncology Unit, Dept of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy; Unit of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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5
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Brevi A, Bellone M. Fatty is not that bad: feeding short-chain fatty acids to restrain autoimmunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 14:cmi201752. [PMID: 28713165 PMCID: PMC5675955 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Brevi
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
- Univeristà Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Department of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
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da Silva EFG, Krause GC, Lima KG, Haute GV, Pedrazza L, Mesquita FC, Basso BS, Velasquez AC, Nunes FB, de Oliveira JR. Rapamycin and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate reduce the HEPG2 cell proliferation via increase of free radicals and apoptosis. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2647-2652. [PMID: 27665945 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most prevalent type of tumor among primary tumors affecting the liver. Rapamycin is currently used as a basis for chemotherapy in the treatment of cancers, including the liver. Because it shows several adverse effects, minimizing these effects without compromising efficacy is important. In this sense other drugs may be used concomitantly. One of these drugs is fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), which has shown therapeutic effect in various pathological situations, having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proprieties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the activity of rapamycin in combination with the FBP in HepG2 cell proliferation and the mechanisms involved. HepG2 cells were analyzed after 72 h of treatment with both drugs. Cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, cytokines, apoptosis, senescence, autophagy and oxidative stress were accessed. Ιt was demonstrated that the combination is more efficient than the single use of substances, because subtherapeutic doses of rapamycin, when associated to FBP become effective, reducing cell proliferation, through a significant increase in the production of tiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), suggesting that this might be the cause of death by apoptosis. According to these results, we believe that the association of both drugs may be a promising choice for the treatment of hepatocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Feller Gonçalves da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Catyana Krause
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Kelly Goulart Lima
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Viegas Haute
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pedrazza
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Mesquita
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Souza Basso
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Anderson Catarina Velasquez
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bordignon Nunes
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics and Inflammation, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 90619‑900, Brazil
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Rabinovich GA, Conejo-García JR. Shaping the Immune Landscape in Cancer by Galectin-Driven Regulatory Pathways. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3266-3281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ma Y, Yang H, Pitt JM, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Therapy-induced microenvironmental changes in cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:497-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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