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Consiglio A, Gatti G, Martino E, Moreschini L, Johannsen JC, Prša K, Freeman PG, Sheptyakov D, Rønnow HM, Scopelliti R, Magrez A, Forró L, Schmitt C, Jovic V, Jozwiak C, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Hofmann T, Thomale R, Sangiovanni G, Di Sante D, Greiter M, Grioni M, Moser S. Electron Glass Phase with Resilient Zhang-Rice Singlets in LiCu_{3}O_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:126502. [PMID: 38579201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.126502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
LiCu_{3}O_{3} is an antiferromagnetic mixed valence cuprate where trilayers of edge-sharing Cu(II)O (3d^{9}) are sandwiched in between planes of Cu(I) (3d^{10}) ions, with Li stochastically substituting Cu(II). Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and density functional theory reveal two insulating electronic subsystems that are segregated in spite of sharing common oxygen atoms: a Cu d_{z^{2}}/O p_{z} derived valence band (VB) dispersing on the Cu(I) plane, and a Cu 3d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}/O 2p_{x,y} derived Zhang-Rice singlet (ZRS) band dispersing on the Cu(II)O planes. First-principle analysis shows the Li substitution to stabilize the insulating ground state, but only if antiferromagnetic correlations are present. Li further induces substitutional disorder and a 2D electron glass behavior in charge transport, reflected in a large 530 meV Coulomb gap and a linear suppression of VB spectral weight at E_{F} that is observed by ARPES. Surprisingly, the disorder leaves the Cu(II)-derived ZRS largely unaffected. This indicates a local segregation of Li and Cu atoms onto the two separate corner-sharing Cu(II)O_{2} sub-lattices of the edge-sharing Cu(II)O planes, and highlights the ubiquitous resilience of the entangled two hole ZRS entity against impurity scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Consiglio
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - G Gatti
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Martino
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Moreschini
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J C Johannsen
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Prša
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P G Freeman
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - D Sheptyakov
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - H M Rønnow
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Scopelliti
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Magrez
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Forró
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - C Schmitt
- Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - V Jovic
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Earth Resources and Materials, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Science, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - C Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Hofmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - R Thomale
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - G Sangiovanni
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - D Di Sante
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Greiter
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Grioni
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Moser
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
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2
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Valtorta S, Toscani D, Chiu M, Sartori A, Coliva A, Brevi A, Taurino G, Grioni M, Ruffini L, Vacondio F, Zanardi F, Bellone M, Moresco RM, Bussolati O, Giuliani N. [ 18F](2 S,4 R)-4-Fluoroglutamine as a New Positron Emission Tomography Tracer in Myeloma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:760732. [PMID: 34712616 PMCID: PMC8546185 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.760732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The high glycolytic activity of multiple myeloma (MM) cells is the rationale for use of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) to detect both bone marrow (BM) and extramedullary disease. However, new tracers are actively searched because [18F]FDG-PET has some limitations and there is a portion of MM patients who are negative. Glutamine (Gln) addiction has been recently described as a typical metabolic feature of MM cells. Yet, the possible exploitation of Gln as a PET tracer in MM has never been assessed so far and is investigated in this study in preclinical models. Firstly, we have synthesized enantiopure (2S,4R)-4-fluoroglutamine (4-FGln) and validated it as a Gln transport analogue in human MM cell lines, comparing its uptake with that of 3H-labelled Gln. We then radiosynthesized [18F]4-FGln, tested its uptake in two different in vivo murine MM models, and checked the effect of Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor currently used in the treatment of MM. Both [18F]4-FGln and [18F]FDG clearly identified the spleen as site of MM cell colonization in C57BL/6 mice, challenged with syngeneic Vk12598 cells and assessed by PET. NOD.SCID mice, subcutaneously injected with human MM JJN3 cells, showed high values of both [18F]4-FGln and [18F]FDG uptake. Bortezomib significantly reduced the uptake of both radiopharmaceuticals in comparison with vehicle at post treatment PET. However, a reduction of glutaminolytic, but not of glycolytic, tumor volume was evident in mice showing the highest response to Bortezomib. Our data indicate that [18F](2S,4R)-4-FGln is a new PET tracer in preclinical MM models, yielding a rationale to design studies in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Valtorta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milan Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Denise Toscani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Chiu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartori
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Angela Coliva
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Arianna Brevi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Taurino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Livia Ruffini
- Nuclear Medicine, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
| | | | - Franca Zanardi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milan Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milano, Italy.,Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Milano, Italy
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Hematology, "Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma", Parma, Italy
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3
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Pernigoni N, Zagato E, Calcinotto A, Troiani M, Mestre RP, Calì B, Attanasio G, Troisi J, Minini M, Mosole S, Revandkar A, Pasquini E, Elia AR, Bossi D, Rinaldi A, Rescigno P, Flohr P, Hunt J, Neeb A, Buroni L, Guo C, Welti J, Ferrari M, Grioni M, Gauthier J, Gharaibeh RZ, Palmisano A, Lucchini GM, D'Antonio E, Merler S, Bolis M, Grassi F, Esposito A, Bellone M, Briganti A, Rescigno M, Theurillat JP, Jobin C, Gillessen S, de Bono J, Alimonti A. Commensal bacteria promote endocrine resistance in prostate cancer through androgen biosynthesis. Science 2021; 374:216-224. [PMID: 34618582 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf8403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Pernigoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Elena Zagato
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Calcinotto
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Martina Troiani
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo Pereira Mestre
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Bianca Calì
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Attanasio
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Theoreo Srl, Montecorvino Pugliano, 84090 Salerno, Italy
| | - Mirko Minini
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Simone Mosole
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ajinkya Revandkar
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Pasquini
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Angela Rita Elia
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Bossi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Penny Flohr
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Joanne Hunt
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Antje Neeb
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Buroni
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Christina Guo
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Welti
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matteo Ferrari
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Josée Gauthier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Raad Z Gharaibeh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anna Palmisano
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20100 Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eugenia D'Antonio
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sara Merler
- Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Bolis
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland.,Computational Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20100 Milan, Italy.,School of Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Division of Oncology, Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean-Philippe Theurillat
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Silke Gillessen
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland.,Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Johann de Bono
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrea Alimonti
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-1011 Lugano, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Gatti G, Gosálbez-Martínez D, Tsirkin SS, Fanciulli M, Puppin M, Polishchuk S, Moser S, Testa L, Martino E, Roth S, Bugnon P, Moreschini L, Bostwick A, Jozwiak C, Rotenberg E, Di Santo G, Petaccia L, Vobornik I, Fujii J, Wong J, Jariwala D, Atwater HA, Rønnow HM, Chergui M, Yazyev OV, Grioni M, Crepaldi A. Radial Spin Texture of the Weyl Fermions in Chiral Tellurium. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:216402. [PMID: 33274982 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.216402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trigonal tellurium, a small-gap semiconductor with pronounced magneto-electric and magneto-optical responses, is among the simplest realizations of a chiral crystal. We have studied by spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy its unconventional electronic structure and unique spin texture. We identify Kramers-Weyl, composite, and accordionlike Weyl fermions, so far only predicted by theory, and show that the spin polarization is parallel to the wave vector along the lines in k space connecting high-symmetry points. Our results clarify the symmetries that enforce such spin texture in a chiral crystal, thus bringing new insight in the formation of a spin vectorial field more complex than the previously proposed hedgehog configuration. Our findings thus pave the way to a classification scheme for these exotic spin textures and their search in chiral crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gatti
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Gosálbez-Martínez
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials MARVEL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S S Tsirkin
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Fanciulli
- Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux et Surfaces, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Puppin
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Polishchuk
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Moser
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - L Testa
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Martino
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Roth
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ph Bugnon
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Moreschini
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Di Santo
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Petaccia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - I Vobornik
- CNR-IOM, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park-Basovizza, 34139 Trieste, Italy
| | - J Fujii
- CNR-IOM, TASC Laboratory, Area Science Park-Basovizza, 34139 Trieste, Italy
| | - J Wong
- Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - H A Atwater
- Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H M Rønnow
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Chergui
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O V Yazyev
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials MARVEL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Grioni
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Crepaldi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Brevi A, Cogrossi LL, Grazia G, Masciovecchio D, Impellizzieri D, Lacanfora L, Grioni M, Bellone M. Much More Than IL-17A: Cytokines of the IL-17 Family Between Microbiota and Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:565470. [PMID: 33244315 PMCID: PMC7683804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.565470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-(IL-)17 family of cytokines is composed of six members named IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E, and IL-17F. IL-17A is the prototype of this family, and it was the first to be discovered and targeted in the clinic. IL-17A is essential for modulating the interplay between commensal microbes and epithelial cells at our borders (i.e., skin and mucosae), and yet, for protecting us from microbial invaders, thus preserving mucosal and skin integrity. Interactions between the microbiota and cells producing IL-17A have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of immune mediated inflammatory diseases and cancer. While interactions between microbiota and IL-17B-to-F have only partially been investigated, they are by no means less relevant. The cellular source of IL-17B-to-F, their main targets, and their function in homeostasis and disease distinguish IL-17B-to-F from IL-17A. Here, we intentionally overlook IL-17A, and we focus instead on the role of the other cytokines of the IL-17 family in the interplay between microbiota and epithelial cells that may contribute to cancer pathogenesis and immune surveillance. We also underscore differences and similarities between IL-17A and IL-17B-to-F in the microbiota-immunity-cancer axis, and we highlight therapeutic strategies that directly or indirectly target IL-17 cytokines in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Brevi
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Lucia Cogrossi
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Grazia
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Desirée Masciovecchio
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzieri
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Lacanfora
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, I.R.C.C.S. Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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6
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Caputo S, Grioni M, Brambillasca CS, Monno A, Brevi A, Freschi M, Piras IS, Elia AR, Pieri V, Baccega T, Lombardo A, Galli R, Briganti A, Doglioni C, Jachetti E, Bellone M. Galectin-3 in Prostate Cancer Stem-Like Cells Is Immunosuppressive and Drives Early Metastasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1820. [PMID: 33013832 PMCID: PMC7516304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an extracellular matrix glycan-binding protein with several immunosuppressive and pro-tumor functions. The role of Galectin-3 in cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) is poorly investigated. Here, we show that prostate CSCs also colonizing prostate-draining lymph nodes of transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice overexpress Gal-3. Gal-3 contributes to prostate CSC-mediated immune suppression because either Gal-3 silencing in CSCs, or co-culture of CSCs and T cells in the presence of the Gal-3 inhibitor N-Acetyl-D-lactosamine rescued T cell proliferation. N-Acetyl-D-lactosamine also rescued the proliferation of T cells in prostate-draining lymph nodes of TRAMP mice affected by prostate intraepithelial neoplasia. Additionally, Gal-3 impacted prostate CSC tumorigenic and metastatic potential in vivo, as Gal-3 silencing in prostate CSCs reduced both primary tumor growth and secondary invasion. Gal-3 was also found expressed in more differentiated prostate cancer cells, but with different intracellular distribution as compared to CSCs, which suggests different functions of Gal-3 in the two cell populations. In fact, the prevalent nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of Gal-3 in prostate CSCs made them less susceptible to apoptosis, when compared to more differentiated prostate cancer cells, in which Gal-3 was predominantly intra-cytoplasmic. Finally, we found Gal-3 expressed in human and mouse prostate intraepithelial neoplasia lesions and in metastatic lymph nodes. All together, these findings identify Gal-3 as a key molecule and a potential therapeutic target already in the early phases of prostate cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Caputo
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,NET-IMPACT, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,NET-IMPACT, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara S Brambillasca
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,NET-IMPACT, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Monno
- Innate Immunity and Tissue Remodeling Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Brevi
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,NET-IMPACT, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Freschi
- NET-IMPACT, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ignazio S Piras
- Neurogenomics Division, Center for Rare Childhood Disorders (C4RCD), Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Angela R Elia
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,NET-IMPACT, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Pieri
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Tania Baccega
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Lombardo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Galli
- Neural Stem Cell Biology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- NET-IMPACT, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Urology and URI, Division of Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- NET-IMPACT, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,NET-IMPACT, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,NET-IMPACT, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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7
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Gatti G, Crepaldi A, Puppin M, Tancogne-Dejean N, Xian L, De Giovannini U, Roth S, Polishchuk S, Bugnon P, Magrez A, Berger H, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Moreschini L, Moser S, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Rubio A, Chergui M, Grioni M. Light-Induced Renormalization of the Dirac Quasiparticles in the Nodal-Line Semimetal ZrSiSe. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:076401. [PMID: 32857568 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.076401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In nodal-line semimetals, linearly dispersing states form Dirac loops in the reciprocal space with a high degree of electron-hole symmetry and a reduced density of states near the Fermi level. The result is reduced electronic screening and enhanced correlations between Dirac quasiparticles. Here we investigate the electronic structure of ZrSiSe, by combining time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with ab initio density functional theory (DFT) complemented by an extended Hubbard model (DFT+U+V) and by time-dependent DFT+U+V. We show that electronic correlations are reduced on an ultrashort timescale by optical excitation of high-energy electrons-hole pairs, which transiently screen the Coulomb interaction. Our findings demonstrate an all-optical method for engineering the band structure of a quantum material.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gatti
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Crepaldi
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Puppin
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Tancogne-Dejean
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - L Xian
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - U De Giovannini
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - S Roth
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Polishchuk
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ph Bugnon
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Magrez
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Berger
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Frassetto
- National Research Council-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - L Poletto
- National Research Council-Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - L Moreschini
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Moser
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - A Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Eli Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, San Sebastian 20018, Spain
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - M Chergui
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy, ISIC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Grioni
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Avanzini F, Marelli G, Amodeo R, Chiappa L, Colombo EL, Di Rocco E, Grioni M, Moro C, Roncaglioni MC, Saltafossi D, Vandoni P, Vannini T, Vilei V, Riva E. The 'brick diet' and postprandial insulin: a practical method to balance carbohydrates ingested and prandial insulin to prevent hypoglycaemia in hospitalized persons with diabetes. Diabet Med 2020; 37:1125-1133. [PMID: 32144811 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Insulin is the preferred treatment for the control of diabetes in hospital, but it raises the risk of hypoglycaemia, often because oral intake of carbohydrates in hospitalized persons is lower than planned. Our aim was to assess the effect on the incidence of hypoglycaemia of giving prandial insulin immediately after a meal depending on the amount of carbohydrate ingested. METHODS A prospective pre-post intervention study in hospitalized persons with diabetes eating meals with stable doses of carbohydrates present in a few fixed foods. Foods were easily identifiable on the tray and contained fixed doses of carbohydrates that were easily quantifiable by nurses as multiples of 10 g (a 'brick'). Prandial insulin was given immediately after meals in proportion to the amount of carbohydrates eaten. RESULTS In 83 of the first 100 people treated with the 'brick diet', the oral carbohydrate intake was lower than planned on at least one occasion (median: 3 times; Q1-Q3: 2-6 times) over a median of 5 days. Compared with the last 100 people treated with standard procedures, postprandial insulin given on the basis of ingested carbohydrate significantly reduced the incidence of hypoglycaemic events per day, from 0.11 ± 0.03 to 0.04 ± 0.02 (P < 0.001) with an adjusted incidence rate ratio of 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.54-0.92; P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS In hospitalized persons with diabetes treated with subcutaneous insulin, the 'brick diet' offers a practical method to count the amount of carbohydrates ingested, which is often less than planned. Prandial insulin given immediately after a meal, in doses balanced with actual carbohydrate intake reduces the risk of hypoglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Avanzini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, Ospedale di Desio, Desio, Italy
| | - G Marelli
- Endocrine Metabolic and Nutrition Diseases Departmental Unit, ASST Vimercate, Vimercate, Italy
| | - R Amodeo
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, Ospedale di Desio, Desio, Italy
| | - L Chiappa
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, Ospedale di Desio, Desio, Italy
| | - E L Colombo
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Departmental Unit, Ospedale di Desio, Desio, Italy
| | - E Di Rocco
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, Ospedale di Desio, Desio, Italy
| | - M Grioni
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, Ospedale di Desio, Desio, Italy
| | - C Moro
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, Ospedale di Desio, Desio, Italy
| | - M C Roncaglioni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - D Saltafossi
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, Ospedale di Desio, Desio, Italy
| | - P Vandoni
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, Ospedale di Desio, Desio, Italy
| | - T Vannini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - V Vilei
- Endocrine Metabolic and Nutrition Diseases Departmental Unit, ASST Vimercate, Vimercate, Italy
| | - E Riva
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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9
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Puppin M, Polishchuk S, Colonna N, Crepaldi A, Dirin DN, Nazarenko O, De Gennaro R, Gatti G, Roth S, Barillot T, Poletto L, Xian RP, Rettig L, Wolf M, Ernstorfer R, Kovalenko MV, Marzari N, Grioni M, Chergui M. Evidence of Large Polarons in Photoemission Band Mapping of the Perovskite Semiconductor CsPbBr_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:206402. [PMID: 32501104 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.206402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead-halide perovskite (LHP) semiconductors are emergent optoelectronic materials with outstanding transport properties which are not yet fully understood. We find signatures of large polaron formation in the electronic structure of the inorganic LHP CsPbBr_{3} by means of angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental valence band dispersion shows a hole effective mass of 0.26±0.02 m_{e}, 50% heavier than the bare mass m_{0}=0.17 m_{e} predicted by density functional theory. Calculations of the electron-phonon coupling indicate that phonon dressing of the carriers mainly occurs via distortions of the Pb-Br bond with a Fröhlich coupling parameter α=1.81. A good agreement with our experimental data is obtained within the Feynman polaron model, validating a viable theoretical method to predict the carrier effective mass of LHPs ab initio.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Puppin
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Polishchuk
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Colonna
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Crepaldi
- Institute of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D N Dirin
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - O Nazarenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - R De Gennaro
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Gatti
- Institute of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Roth
- Institute of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Barillot
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Poletto
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R P Xian
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - N Marzari
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Grioni
- Institute of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Nasretdinova V, Gerasimenko YA, Mravlje J, Gatti G, Sutar P, Svetin D, Meden A, Kabanov V, Kuntsevich AY, Grioni M, Mihailovic D. Unveiling the electronic transformations in the semi-metallic correlated-electron transitional oxide Mo 8O 23. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15959. [PMID: 31685868 PMCID: PMC6828745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mo8O23 is a low-dimensional chemically robust transition metal oxide coming from a prospective family of functional materials, MoO3−x, ranging from a wide gap insulator (x = 0) to a metal (x = 1). The large number of stoichometric compounds with intermediate x have widely different properties. In Mo8O23, an unusual charge density wave transition has been suggested to occur above room temperature, but its low temperature behaviour is particularly enigmatic. We present a comprehensive experimental study of the electronic structure associated with various ordering phenomena in this compound, complemented by theory. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal a cross-over from a semi-metal with vanishing band overlap to narrow-gap semiconductor behaviour with decreasing temperature. A buried Dirac crossing at the zone boundary is confirmed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) reveals a gradual gap opening corresponding to a metal-to-insulator transition at 343 K in resistivity, consistent with CDW formation and DFT results, but with large non-thermal smearing of the spectra implying strong carrier scattering. At low temperatures, the CDW picture is negated by the observation of a metallic Hall contribution, a non-trivial gap structure in STS below ∼170 K and ARPES spectra, that together represent evidence for the onset of the correlated state at 70 K and the rapid increase of gap size below ∼30 K. The intricate interplay between electronic correlations and the presence of multiple narrow bands near the Fermi level set the stage for metastability and suggest suitability for memristor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nasretdinova
- Center of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Nanocenter (CENN Nanocenter), Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Ya A Gerasimenko
- Center of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Nanocenter (CENN Nanocenter), Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J Mravlje
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G Gatti
- Institute of Physics, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Sutar
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - D Svetin
- Center of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Nanocenter (CENN Nanocenter), Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Meden
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - V Kabanov
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Yu Kuntsevich
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia.,National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - M Grioni
- Institute of Physics, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Mihailovic
- Center of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Nanocenter (CENN Nanocenter), Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Cortesi F, Delfanti G, Grilli A, Calcinotto A, Gorini F, Pucci F, Lucianò R, Grioni M, Recchia A, Benigni F, Briganti A, Salonia A, De Palma M, Bicciato S, Doglioni C, Bellone M, Casorati G, Dellabona P. Bimodal CD40/Fas-Dependent Crosstalk between iNKT Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages Impairs Prostate Cancer Progression. Cell Rep 2019. [PMID: 29539427 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotypic cellular and molecular interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) control cancer progression. Here, we show that CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer (iNKT) cells control prostate cancer (PCa) progression by sculpting the TME. In a mouse PCa model, iNKT cells restrained the pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive capabilities of tumor-infiltrating immune cells by reducing pro-angiogenic TIE2+, M2-like macrophages (TEMs), and sustaining pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages. iNKT cells directly contacted macrophages in the PCa stroma, and iNKT cell transfer into tumor-bearing mice abated TEMs, delaying tumor progression. iNKT cells modulated macrophages through the cooperative engagement of CD1d, Fas, and CD40, which promoted selective killing of M2-like and survival of M1-like macrophages. Human PCa aggressiveness associate with reduced intra-tumoral iNKT cells, increased TEMs, and expression of pro-angiogenic genes, underscoring the clinical significance of this crosstalk. Therefore, iNKT cells may control PCa through mechanisms involving differential macrophage modulation, which may be harnessed for therapeutically reprogramming the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cortesi
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Gloria Delfanti
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Andrea Grilli
- Center for Genome Research Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; PhD Program of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Arianna Calcinotto
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Lucianò
- Division of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Alessandra Recchia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20123, Italy; San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Division of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy; San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy.
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy.
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy.
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12
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Calcinotto A, Brevi A, Chesi M, Ferrarese R, Garcia Perez L, Grioni M, Kumar S, Garbitt VM, Sharik ME, Henderson KJ, Tonon G, Tomura M, Miwa Y, Esplugues E, Flavell RA, Huber S, Canducci F, Rajkumar VS, Bergsagel PL, Bellone M. Microbiota-driven interleukin-17-producing cells and eosinophils synergize to accelerate multiple myeloma progression. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4832. [PMID: 30510245 PMCID: PMC6277390 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been causally linked to cancer, yet how intestinal microbes influence progression of extramucosal tumors is poorly understood. Here we provide evidence implying that Prevotella heparinolytica promotes the differentiation of Th17 cells colonizing the gut and migrating to the bone marrow (BM) of transgenic Vk*MYC mice, where they favor progression of multiple myeloma (MM). Lack of IL-17 in Vk*MYC mice, or disturbance of their microbiome delayed MM appearance. Similarly, in smoldering MM patients, higher levels of BM IL-17 predicted faster disease progression. IL-17 induced STAT3 phosphorylation in murine plasma cells, and activated eosinophils. Treatment of Vk*MYC mice with antibodies blocking IL-17, IL-17RA, and IL-5 reduced BM accumulation of Th17 cells and eosinophils and delayed disease progression. Thus, in Vk*MYC mice, commensal bacteria appear to unleash a paracrine signaling network between adaptive and innate immunity that accelerates progression to MM, and can be targeted by already available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Calcinotto
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
- Institute of Oncology Research, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Arianna Brevi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Chesi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Laboratory of Microbiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Laura Garcia Perez
- Molekulare Immunologie und Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Victoria M Garbitt
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Meaghen E Sharik
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | | | - Giovanni Tonon
- Division of Molecular Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Michio Tomura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | | | - Enric Esplugues
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Yale University, New Haven, 06520, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Yale University, New Haven, 06520, USA
| | - Samuel Huber
- Molekulare Immunologie und Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Filippo Canducci
- Laboratory of Microbiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, 21100, Italy
| | - Vincent S Rajkumar
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - P Leif Bergsagel
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy.
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13
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Elia AR, Grioni M, Basso V, Curnis F, Freschi M, Corti A, Mondino A, Bellone M. Targeting Tumor Vasculature with TNF Leads Effector T Cells to the Tumor and Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Blockers in Combination with Adoptive Cell Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2171-2181. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Moser S, Nomura Y, Moreschini L, Gatti G, Berger H, Bugnon P, Magrez A, Jozwiak C, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Biermann S, Grioni M. Publisher's Note: Electronic Phase Separation and Dramatic Inverse Band Renormalization in the Mixed-Valence Cuprate LiCu_{2}O_{2} [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 176404 (2017)]. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:199902. [PMID: 28548506 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.199902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.176404.
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15
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Sutter D, Fatuzzo CG, Moser S, Kim M, Fittipaldi R, Vecchione A, Granata V, Sassa Y, Cossalter F, Gatti G, Grioni M, Rønnow HM, Plumb NC, Matt CE, Shi M, Hoesch M, Kim TK, Chang TR, Jeng HT, Jozwiak C, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Georges A, Neupert T, Chang J. Hallmarks of Hunds coupling in the Mott insulator Ca 2RuO 4. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15176. [PMID: 28474681 PMCID: PMC5424259 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A paradigmatic case of multi-band Mott physics including spin-orbit and Hund's coupling is realized in Ca2RuO4. Progress in understanding the nature of this Mott insulating phase has been impeded by the lack of knowledge about the low-energy electronic structure. Here we provide—using angle-resolved photoemission electron spectroscopy—the band structure of the paramagnetic insulating phase of Ca2RuO4 and show how it features several distinct energy scales. Comparison to a simple analysis of atomic multiplets provides a quantitative estimate of the Hund's coupling J=0.4 eV. Furthermore, the experimental spectra are in good agreement with electronic structure calculations performed with Dynamical Mean-Field Theory. The crystal field stabilization of the dxy orbital due to c-axis contraction is shown to be essential to explain the insulating phase. These results underscore the importance of multi-band physics, Coulomb interaction and Hund's coupling that together generate the Mott insulating state of Ca2RuO4. Detailed knowledge of the low-energy electronic structure is required to understand the Mott insulating phase of Ca2RuO4. Here, Sutter et al. provide directly the experimental band structure of the paramagnetic insulating phase of Ca2RuO4 and unveil the electronic origin of its Mott phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sutter
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - C G Fatuzzo
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - S Moser
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Kim
- College de France, Paris Cedex 05 75231, France.,Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Univ Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91128, France
| | - R Fittipaldi
- CNR-SPIN, Fisciano, Salerno I-84084, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello', Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno I-84084, Italy
| | - A Vecchione
- CNR-SPIN, Fisciano, Salerno I-84084, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello', Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno I-84084, Italy
| | - V Granata
- CNR-SPIN, Fisciano, Salerno I-84084, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello', Università di Salerno, Fisciano, Salerno I-84084, Italy
| | - Y Sassa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala S-75121, Sweden
| | - F Cossalter
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - G Gatti
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - M Grioni
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - H M Rønnow
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - N C Plumb
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - C E Matt
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - M Shi
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - M Hoesch
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - T K Kim
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - T-R Chang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - H-T Jeng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - C Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Georges
- College de France, Paris Cedex 05 75231, France.,Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Univ Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91128, France.,Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - T Neupert
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - J Chang
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland
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16
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Moser S, Nomura Y, Moreschini L, Gatti G, Berger H, Bugnon P, Magrez A, Jozwiak C, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Biermann S, Grioni M. Electronic Phase Separation and Dramatic Inverse Band Renormalization in the Mixed-Valence Cuprate LiCu_{2}O_{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:176404. [PMID: 28498707 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.176404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We measured, by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, the electronic structure of LiCu_{2}O_{2}, a mixed-valence cuprate where planes of Cu(I) (3d^{10}) ions are sandwiched between layers containing one-dimensional edge-sharing Cu(II) (3d^{9}) chains. We find that the Cu(I)- and Cu(II)-derived electronic states form separate electronic subsystems, in spite of being coupled by bridging O ions. The valence band, of the Cu(I) character, disperses within the charge-transfer gap of the strongly correlated Cu(II) states, displaying an unprecedented 250% broadening of the bandwidth with respect to the predictions of density functional theory. Our observation is at odds with the widely accepted tenet of many-body theory that correlation effects generally yield narrower bands and larger electron masses and suggests that present-day electronic structure techniques provide an intrinsically inappropriate description of ligand-to-d hybridizations in late transition metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moser
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Y Nomura
- Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7644, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - L Moreschini
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Gatti
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Berger
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Bugnon
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Magrez
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Jozwiak
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Biermann
- Centre de Physique Théorique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7644, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Grioni
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Manzo T, Sturmheit T, Basso V, Petrozziello E, Hess Michelini R, Riba M, Freschi M, Elia AR, Grioni M, Curnis F, Protti MP, Schumacher TN, Debets R, Swartz MA, Corti A, Bellone M, Mondino A. T Cells Redirected to a Minor Histocompatibility Antigen Instruct Intratumoral TNFα Expression and Empower Adoptive Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors. Cancer Res 2016; 77:658-671. [PMID: 27872095 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Donor-derived allogeneic T cells evoke potent graft versus tumor (GVT) effects likely due to the simultaneous recognition of tumor-specific and host-restricted minor histocompatibility (H) antigens. Here we investigated whether such effects could be reproduced in autologous settings by TCR gene-engineered lymphocytes. We report that T cells redirected either to a broadly expressed Y-encoded minor H antigen or to a tumor-associated antigen, although poorly effective if individually transferred, when simultaneously administered enabled acute autochthonous tumor debulking and resulted in durable clinical remission. Y-redirected T cells proved hyporesponsive in peripheral lymphoid organs, whereas they retained effector function at the tumor site, where in synergy with tumor-redirected lymphocytes, they instructed TNFα expression, endothelial cell activation, and intratumoral T-cell infiltration. While neutralizing TNFα hindered GVT effects by the combined T-cell infusion, a single injection of picogram amounts of NGR-TNF, a tumor vessel-targeted TNFα derivative currently in phase III clinical trials, substituted for Y-redirected cells and enabled tumor debulking by tumor-redirected lymphocytes. Together, our results provide new mechanistic insights into allogeneic GVT, validate the importance of targeting the tumor and its associated stroma, and prove the potency of a novel combined approach suitable for immediate clinical implementation. Cancer Res; 77(3); 658-71. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Manzo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Tabea Sturmheit
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Basso
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Petrozziello
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Hess Michelini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Riba
- Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Freschi
- Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela R Elia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Curnis
- Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Protti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ton N Schumacher
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reno Debets
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Angelo Corti
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Mondino
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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18
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Crepaldi A, Zhan RR, Moser S, Sheverdyaeva PM, Carbone C, Papagno M, Moras P, Baraldi A, Grioni M. Interplay between electronic and structural properties in the Pb/Ag(1 0 0) interface. J Phys Condens Matter 2015; 27:455502. [PMID: 26490303 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/45/455502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report an investigation of the structural and electronic properties of a Pb monolayer (ML) grown on Ag(1 0 0), by combining x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) and angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). The Pb atoms are found to arrange in a pseudo-hexagonal adlayer commensurate to the underlying square Ag substrate, resulting in a coincidence cell with c([Formula: see text]) periodicity. The electronic structure of the Pb ML in proximity of the Fermi level consists in three p-derived bands, which show different degrees of hybridization with the substrate for their different orbital characters. In particular, we report that the p xy states disperse without forming energy gap, in contrast to previous ARPES studies of the Pb ML on different metallic substrates. We attribute the absence of energy gap to the commensurability between substrate and adlayer, resulting in a higher two-dimensionality of the Pb ML.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Crepaldi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SCpA, SS 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy. Institut de Physique de la Matière Condensée (ICPM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Manzoni G, Sterzi A, Crepaldi A, Diego M, Cilento F, Zacchigna M, Bugnon P, Berger H, Magrez A, Grioni M, Parmigiani F. Ultrafast Optical Control of the Electronic Properties of ZrTe₅. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:207402. [PMID: 26613470 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.207402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the temperature dependence of the ZrTe(5) electronic properties, studied at equilibrium and out of equilibrium, by means of time and angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Our results unveil the dependence of the electronic band structure across the Fermi energy on the sample temperature. This finding is regarded as the dominant mechanism responsible for the anomalous resistivity observed at T*∼160 K along with the change of the charge carrier character from holelike to electronlike. Having addressed these long-lasting questions, we prove the possibility to control, at the ultrashort time scale, both the binding energy and the quasiparticle lifetime of the valence band. These experimental evidences pave the way for optically controlling the thermoelectric and magnetoelectric transport properties of ZrTe(5).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manzoni
- Universitá degli Studi di Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - A Sterzi
- Universitá degli Studi di Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - A Crepaldi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S. C. p. A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Diego
- Universitá degli Studi di Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - F Cilento
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S. C. p. A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Zacchigna
- C.N.R.-I.O.M., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ph Bugnon
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Berger
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Magrez
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Grioni
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Parmigiani
- Universitá degli Studi di Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, Trieste 34127, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S. C. p. A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- International Faculty, University of Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
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20
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Moser S, Fatale S, Krüger P, Berger H, Bugnon P, Magrez A, Niwa H, Miyawaki J, Harada Y, Grioni M. Electron-Phonon Coupling in the Bulk of Anatase TiO2 Measured by Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:096404. [PMID: 26371668 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.096404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the polaronic ground state of anatase TiO2 by bulk-sensitive resonant inelastic x-ray spectroscopy (RIXS) at the Ti L3 edge. We find that the formation of the polaron cloud involves a single 95 meV phonon along the c axis, in addition to the 108 meV ab-plane mode previously identified by photoemission. The coupling strength to both modes is the same within error bars, and it is unaffected by the carrier density. These data establish RIXS as a directional bulk-sensitive probe of electron-phonon coupling in solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moser
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Fatale
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Krüger
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - H Berger
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Bugnon
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Magrez
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Niwa
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8526, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, University of Tokyo, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - J Miyawaki
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8526, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, University of Tokyo, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Y Harada
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8526, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Organization, University of Tokyo, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - M Grioni
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Calcinotto A, Ponzoni M, Ria R, Grioni M, Cattaneo E, Villa I, Sabrina Bertilaccio MT, Chesi M, Rubinacci A, Tonon G, Bergsagel PL, Vacca A, Bellone M. Modifications of the mouse bone marrow microenvironment favor angiogenesis and correlate with disease progression from asymptomatic to symptomatic multiple myeloma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1008850. [PMID: 26155424 PMCID: PMC4485787 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1008850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While multiple myeloma (MM) is almost invariably preceded by asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and/or smoldering MM (SMM), the alterations of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment that establish progression to symptomatic disease are circumstantial. Here we show that in Vk*MYC mice harboring oncogene-driven plasma cell proliferative disorder, disease appearance associated with substantial modifications of the BM microenvironment, including a progressive accumulation of both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells with a dominant T helper type 1 (Th1) response. Progression from asymptomatic to symptomatic MM was characterized by further BM accrual of T cells with reduced Th1 and persistently increased Th2 cytokine production, which associated with accumulation of CD206+Tie2+ macrophages, and increased pro-angiogenic cytokines and microvessel density (MVD). Notably, MVD was also increased at diagnosis in the BM of MGUS and SMM patients that subsequently progressed to MM when compared with MGUS and SMM that remained quiescent. These findings suggest a multistep pathogenic process in MM, in which the immune system may contribute to angiogenesis and disease progression. They also suggest initiating a large multicenter study to investigate MVD in asymptomatic patients as prognostic factor for the progression and outcome of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Calcinotto
- Cellular Immunology Unit; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy ; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele ; Milan, Italy
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Pathology and Myeloma Units; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology; Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology Unit; University of Bari Medical School ; Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Cellular Immunology Unit; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Cattaneo
- Cellular Immunology Unit; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Villa
- Bone Metabolic Unit; Division of Cardiovascular Science; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marta Chesi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Arizona ; Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Alessandro Rubinacci
- Bone Metabolic Unit; Division of Cardiovascular Science; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Division of Molecular Oncology; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy
| | - P Leif Bergsagel
- Comprehensive Cancer Center; Mayo Clinic Arizona ; Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology; Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology Unit; University of Bari Medical School ; Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Cellular Immunology Unit; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute ; Milan, Italy
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22
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Jachetti E, Caputo S, Mazzoleni S, Brambillasca CS, Parigi SM, Grioni M, Piras IS, Restuccia U, Calcinotto A, Freschi M, Bachi A, Galli R, Bellone M. Tenascin-C Protects Cancer Stem-like Cells from Immune Surveillance by Arresting T-cell Activation. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2095-108. [PMID: 25808872 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Precociously disseminated cancer cells may seed quiescent sites of future metastasis if they can protect themselves from immune surveillance. However, there is little knowledge about how such sites might be achieved. Here, we present evidence that prostate cancer stem-like cells (CSC) can be found in histopathologically negative prostate draining lymph nodes (PDLN) in mice harboring oncogene-driven prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN). PDLN-derived CSCs were phenotypically and functionally identical to CSC obtained from mPIN lesions, but distinct from CSCs obtained from frank prostate tumors. CSC derived from either PDLN or mPIN used the extracellular matrix protein Tenascin-C (TNC) to inhibit T-cell receptor-dependent T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. Mechanistically, TNC interacted with α5β1 integrin on the cell surface of T cells, inhibiting reorganization of the actin-based cytoskeleton therein required for proper T-cell activation. CSC from both PDLN and mPIN lesions also expressed CXCR4 and migrated in response to its ligand CXCL12, which was overexpressed in PDLN upon mPIN development. CXCR4 was critical for the development of PDLN-derived CSC, as in vivo administration of CXCR4 inhibitors prevented establishment in PDLN of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Taken together, our work establishes a pivotal role for TNC in tuning the local immune response to establish equilibrium between disseminated nodal CSC and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jachetti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Caputo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Mazzoleni
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Neural Stem Cell Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Svetlana Brambillasca
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Martina Parigi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Restuccia
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Calcinotto
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Freschi
- Unità Operativa Anatomia Patologica, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- Mass Spectrometry Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Galli
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Neural Stem Cell Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Cellular Immunology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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23
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Cacho C, Crepaldi A, Battiato M, Braun J, Cilento F, Zacchigna M, Richter MC, Heckmann O, Springate E, Liu Y, Dhesi SS, Berger H, Bugnon P, Held K, Grioni M, Ebert H, Hricovini K, Minár J, Parmigiani F. Momentum-resolved spin dynamics of bulk and surface excited States in the topological insulator Bi(2)Se(3). Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:097401. [PMID: 25793848 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.097401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The prospect of optically inducing and controlling a spin-polarized current in spintronic devices has generated wide interest in the out-of-equilibrium electronic and spin structure of topological insulators. In this Letter we show that only measuring the spin intensity signal over several orders of magnitude by spin-, time-, and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy can provide a comprehensive description of the optically excited electronic states in Bi_{2}Se_{3}. Our experiments reveal the existence of a surface resonance state in the second bulk band gap that is benchmarked by fully relativistic ab initio spin-resolved photoemission calculations. We propose that the newly reported state plays a major role in the ultrafast dynamics of the system, acting as a bottleneck for the interaction between the topologically protected surface state and the bulk conduction band. In fact, the spin-polarization dynamics in momentum space show that these states display macroscopically different temperatures and, more importantly, different cooling rates over several picoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cacho
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - A Crepaldi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S. C. p. A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Battiato
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - J Braun
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - F Cilento
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S. C. p. A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Zacchigna
- CNR-IOM, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - M C Richter
- Laboratoire de Physique des Matriaux et des Surfaces, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 5 mail Gay-Lussac, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise, France
- DSM, IRAMIS, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - O Heckmann
- Laboratoire de Physique des Matriaux et des Surfaces, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 5 mail Gay-Lussac, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise, France
- DSM, IRAMIS, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Springate
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Y Liu
- Diamond Light Source, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX110DE, United Kingdom
| | - S S Dhesi
- Diamond Light Source, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX110DE, United Kingdom
| | - H Berger
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics (ICMP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ph Bugnon
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics (ICMP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Held
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, A 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - M Grioni
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics (ICMP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Ebert
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
| | - K Hricovini
- Laboratoire de Physique des Matriaux et des Surfaces, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 5 mail Gay-Lussac, 95031 Cergy-Pontoise, France
- DSM, IRAMIS, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Minár
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
- New Technologies-Research Center, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - F Parmigiani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S. C. p. A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, Trieste 34127, Italy
- International Faculty, University of Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
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24
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Guarise M, Piazza BD, Berger H, Giannini E, Schmitt T, Rønnow HM, Sawatzky GA, van den Brink J, Altenfeld D, Eremin I, Grioni M. Anisotropic softening of magnetic excitations along the nodal direction in superconducting cuprates. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5760. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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25
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Moser S, Moreschini L, Yang HY, Innocenti D, Fuchs F, Hansen NH, Chang YJ, Kim KS, Walter AL, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Mila F, Grioni M. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of tetragonal CuO: evidence for intralayer coupling between cupratelike sublattices. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:187001. [PMID: 25396389 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.187001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate by angle-resolved photoemission the electronic structure of in situ grown tetragonal CuO, a synthetic quasi-two-dimensional edge-sharing cuprate. We show that, in spite of the very different nature of the copper oxide layers, with twice as many Cu in the CuO layers of tetragonal CuO as compared to the CuO(2) layers of the high-T(c) cuprates, the low-energy electronic excitations are surprisingly similar, with a Zhang-Rice singlet dispersing on weakly coupled cupratelike sublattices. This system should thus be considered as a member of the high-T(c) cuprate family, with, however, interesting differences due to the intralayer coupling between the cupratelike sublattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moser
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland and Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Moreschini
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H-Y Yang
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Innocenti
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - F Fuchs
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - N H Hansen
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany and ZAE Bayern, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Y J Chang
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea
| | - K S Kim
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea and Center for Artificial Low Dimensional Electronic Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - A L Walter
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Mila
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Grioni
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Ilakovac V, Guarise M, Grioni M, Schmitt T, Zhou K, Braicovich L, Ghiringhelli G, Strocov VN, Berger H. Opening of a Peierls gap in BaVS3 probed by V L3 edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. J Phys Condens Matter 2013; 25:505602. [PMID: 24275702 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/50/505602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
V L3 edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements performed on high quality BaVS3 single crystals reveal that the intra-t2g dd excitations close to the elastic peak are suppressed below the metal-insulator transition induced by the Peierls instability. The depletion of electronic states close to the Fermi level represents a direct observation of the opening of a charge gap inside the t2g manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ilakovac
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS UMR 7614, LCP-MR, F-75231 Paris, France. Université de Cergy-Pontoise, F-95031 Cergy-Pontoise, France
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27
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Lin PH, Texier Y, Taleb-Ibrahimi A, Le Fèvre P, Bertran F, Giannini E, Grioni M, Brouet V. Nature of the bad metallic behavior of Fe1.06Te inferred from its evolution in the magnetic state. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:217002. [PMID: 24313518 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.217002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate with angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy the changes of the Fermi surface and the main bands from the paramagnetic state to the antiferromagnetic (AFM) state occurring below 72 K in Fe1.06Te. The evolution is completely different from that observed in Fe pnictides, as nesting is absent. The AFM state is a rather good metal, in agreement with our magnetic band structure calculation. On the other hand, the paramagnetic state is very anomalous with a large pseudogap of ~65 meV on the electron pocket that closes in the AFM state. We discuss this behavior in connection with spin fluctuations existing above the magnetic transition and the correlations predicted in the spin-freezing regime of the incoherent metallic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hui Lin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8502, Bâtiment 510, 91405 Orsay, France
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28
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Mazet T, Malterre D, François M, Dallera C, Grioni M, Monaco G. Nonpareil Yb behavior in YbMn6Ge(6-x)Sn(x). Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:096402. [PMID: 24033054 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.096402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the temperature dependence of the Yb valence in YbMn6Ge1.8Sn4.2 and YbMn6Ge1.6Sn4.4 using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering experiments. Yb is found to be in an intermediate valent state in the whole investigated temperature range (10-450 K). We thus prove that the unusually high magnetic ordering temperature of Yb (∼60 and 90 K for x=4.2 and 4.4, respectively) involves an intermediate valent Yb, an unprecedentedly observed phenomenon. Further, an anomalous increase in the Yb valence is observed upon cooling. A scenario is proposed to explain this unusual behavior. It is based on the presence of magnetically ordered Mn moments and on an Anderson Hamiltonian with a Zeeman term modeling the magnetic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mazet
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, Université de Lorraine-Boîte Postale 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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29
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Mazzoleni S, Jachetti E, Morosini S, Grioni M, Piras IS, Pala M, Bulfone A, Freschi M, Bellone M, Galli R. Gene signatures distinguish stage-specific prostate cancer stem cells isolated from transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate lesions and predict the malignancy of human tumors. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:678-89. [PMID: 23884639 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevant social and economic impact of prostate adenocarcinoma, one of the leading causes of death in men, urges critical improvements in knowledge of the pathogenesis and cure of this disease. These can also be achieved by implementing in vitro and in vivo preclinical models by taking advantage of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs). The best-characterized mouse model of prostate cancer is the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. TRAMP mice develop a progressive lesion called prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia that evolves into adenocarcinoma (AD) between 24 and 30 weeks of age. ADs often metastasize to lymph nodes, lung, bones, and kidneys. Eventually, approximately 5% of the mice develop an androgen-independent neuroendocrine adenocarcinoma. Here we report the establishment of long-term self-renewing PCSC lines from the different stages of TRAMP progression by application of the neurosphere assay. Stage-specific prostate cell lines were endowed with the critical features expected from malignant bona fide cancer stem cells, namely, self-renewal, multipotency, and tumorigenicity. Notably, transcriptome analysis of stage-specific PCSCs resulted in the generation of well-defined, meaningful gene signatures, which identify distinct stages of human tumor progression. As such, TRAMP-derived PCSCs represent a novel and valuable preclinical model for elucidating the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to prostate adenocarcinoma and for the identification of molecular mediators to be pursued as therapeutic targets.
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30
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Tournier-Colletta C, Moreschini L, Autès G, Moser S, Crepaldi A, Berger H, Walter AL, Kim KS, Bostwick A, Monceau P, Rotenberg E, Yazyev OV, Grioni M. Electronic instability in a zero-gap semiconductor: the charge-density wave in (TaSe4)2I. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:236401. [PMID: 25167517 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.236401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a comprehensive study of the paradigmatic quasi-1D compound (TaSe(4))(2)I performed by means of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and first-principles electronic structure calculations. We find it to be a zero-gap semiconductor in the nondistorted structure, with non-negligible interchain coupling. Theory and experiment support a Peierls-like scenario for the charge-density wave formation below T(CDW)=263 K, where the incommensurability is a direct consequence of the finite interchain coupling. The formation of small polarons, strongly suggested by the ARPES data, explains the puzzling semiconductor-to-semiconductor transition observed in transport at T(CDW).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tournier-Colletta
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Moreschini
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Autès
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Moser
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Crepaldi
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H Berger
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A L Walter
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K S Kim
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Bostwick
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Monceau
- Institut Néel, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - E Rotenberg
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - O V Yazyev
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Grioni
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Ricupito A, Grioni M, Calcinotto A, Bellone M. Boosting anticancer vaccines: Too much of a good thing? Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e25032. [PMID: 24073378 PMCID: PMC3782130 DOI: 10.4161/onci.25032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Using both transplantable and oncogene-driven autochthonous tumor models challenged with dendritic cell-based vaccines, we have recently found that boosting provides a clear advantage in prophylactic settings, unless performed on an excessively tight schedule, which causes the loss of central memory T cells. In therapeutic settings, boosting turned out to be always detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ricupito
- Cellular Immunology Unit; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan, Italy
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32
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Moser S, Moreschini L, Jaćimović J, Barišić OS, Berger H, Magrez A, Chang YJ, Kim KS, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Forró L, Grioni M. Tunable polaronic conduction in anatase TiO2. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:196403. [PMID: 23705725 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.196403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen vacancies created in anatase TiO(2) by UV photons (80-130 eV) provide an effective electron-doping mechanism and induce a hitherto unobserved dispersive metallic state. Angle resolved photoemission reveals that the quasiparticles are large polarons. These results indicate that anatase can be tuned from an insulator to a polaron gas to a weakly correlated metal as a function of doping and clarify the nature of conductivity in this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moser
- Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Jachetti E, Mazzoleni S, Grioni M, Ricupito A, Brambillasca C, Generoso L, Calcinotto A, Freschi M, Mondino A, Galli R, Bellone M. Prostate cancer stem cells are targets of both innate and adaptive immunity and elicit tumor-specific immune responses. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e24520. [PMID: 23762811 PMCID: PMC3667917 DOI: 10.4161/onci.24520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory, therapies that do not target the CSC compartment have limited, if any, chances to eradicate established tumors. While cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) have the potential to recognize and kill single neoplastic cells within a tissue, whether CSCs can be targeted by the immune system during spontaneous or vaccination-elicited responses is poorly defined. Here, we provide experimental evidence showing that CSC lines established from the prostate of transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice expressed prostate cancer-associated antigens, MHC Class I and II molecules as well as ligands for natural killer (NK) cell receptors. Indeed, CSC were targets for both NK cell- and CTL-mediated cytotoxicity, both in vitro and in vivo. The administration of dendritic cells pulsed with irradiated CSCs induced a tumor-specific immune response that was more robust than that induced by dendritic cells pulsed with differentiated tumor cells, delayed tumor growth in mice challenged with prostate CSCs and caused tumor regression in TRAMP mice. Thus, CSC are targeted by both innate and adaptive immune responses and might be exploited for the design of novel immunotherapeutic approaches against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jachetti
- Cellular Immunology Unit; PIBIC; Division of Immunology Transplantation and Infectious Disease; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan, Italy
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Jachetti E, Mazzoleni S, Grioni M, Ricupito A, Brambillasca C, Generoso L, Calcinotto A, Freschi M, Mondino A, Galli R, Bellone M. Abstract 2613: Prostate cancer stem/initiating cells are targets of both innate and adaptive immunity and elicit potent immune responses against autochthonous prostate tumors. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose. Objectives of this study were to investigate if prostate cancer stem/initiating cells (CSC) obtained from autochthonous tumors possess the molecular characteristics that allow their in vitro and in vivo recognition by cells of the innate and/or adaptive arms of the immune system, and if CSC are source of antigens for the induction of tumor-specific immune responses.
Material and Methods. CSC lines established from the prostate of transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice were assessed in vitro for the expression of tumor-associated antigens and susceptibility to NK and T cell killing. We also investigated NK and T cells immune surveillance against CSC by measuring the frequency of CSC-induced tumors in immunocompetent and selectively immunodeficient mice. Finally, we assessed if vaccination with dendritic cells pulsed with CSC induced a tumor-specific immune response able to delay the growth of both transplantable and autochthonous prostate tumors.
Results. CSC expressed prostate cancer associated antigens, MHC I and MHC II molecules and ligands for natural killer (NK) cells. Indeed, CSC were targets of NK and cytotoxic T lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Vaccination with dendritic cells pulsed with apoptotic CSC induced a tumor-specific immune response that delayed tumor growth in mice challenged with prostate CSC, and caused tumor regression in TRAMP mice.
Conclusions. CSC are targets of both innate and adaptive immune responses and could be exploited for the design of novel immunotherapeutic approaches against cancer.
Citation Format: Elena Jachetti, Stefania Mazzoleni, Matteo Grioni, Alessia Ricupito, Chiara Brambillasca, Luca Generoso, Arianna Calcinotto, Massimo Freschi, Anna Mondino, Rossella Galli, Matteo Bellone. Prostate cancer stem/initiating cells are targets of both innate and adaptive immunity and elicit potent immune responses against autochthonous prostate tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2613. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2613
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Ricupito A, Grioni M, Calcinotto A, Hess Michelini R, Longhi R, Mondino A, Bellone M. Booster vaccinations against cancer are critical in prophylactic but detrimental in therapeutic settings. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3545-54. [PMID: 23539449 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer vaccines are in the clinic, several issues remain to be addressed to increase vaccine efficacy. In particular, whether how and how frequently a patient should be boosted remains to be defined. Here, we have assessed the ability of dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines to induce a long-lasting tumor-specific CTL response in either prophylactic or therapeutic settings by taking advantage of transplantable and spontaneous mouse tumor models. Implementing a 24-hour ex vivo intracellular cytokine production assay, we have found that priming with a DC-based vaccine induced a long-lasting CTL response in wild-type mice, and homologous boosting better sustained the pool of central memory T cells, which associated with potent protection against B16F1 melanoma challenge. Appropriate timing of booster vaccination was also critical, as a tight boosting schedule hindered persistence of IFN-γ-competent memory CD8(+) T cells and mice survival in prophylactic settings. Conversely, prime/boost vaccination proved to be of no advantage or even detrimental in therapeutic settings in B16F1 and transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) models, respectively. Although DC priming was indeed needed for tumor shrinkage, restoration of immune competence, and prolonged survival of TRAMP mice, repeated boosting did not sustain the pool of central memory CTLs and was detrimental for mice overall survival. Thus, our results indicate that booster vaccinations impact antitumor immunity to different extents, depending on their prophylactic or therapeutic administration, and suggest evaluating the need for boosting in any given patient with cancer depending on the state of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ricupito
- Cellular Immunology Unit; Program of Immunology, Gene Therapy and Bio-Immunotherapy of Cancer (PIBIC, Milan, Italy
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Calcinotto A, Grioni M, Bertilaccio MTS, Chesi M, Bergsagel L, Casorati G, Dellabona P, Bellone M. Abstract A83: Modifications of the bone marrow microenvironment in the transition from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma in Vk*MYC mice. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.tumimm2012-a83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplastic plasma cell (PC) disorder of the oldster, and it is characterized by clonal proliferation of PC in the bone marrow (BM), monoclonal protein in biological fluids and organ dysfunction. While monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) often anticipates MM, the role of the cellular components of the BM microenvironment in the shift from MGUS to MM is unknown. Our aim was to define if the immune system has a role in this process. Thus, clinical signs of disease development and progression were investigated in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, kidney and bone of aging Vk*MYC mice to pinpoint the shift from MGUS to MM. We have also defined by immunohistochemistry and multiparametric flow-cytometry the phenotypic and functional characteristics of tumor infiltrating immune cells in the different phases of disease.
We have found that the BM of Vk*MYC mice is the primary organ of PC accumulation, and accrual of PC in the BM associates with the presence of a measurable M-spike. Based on the frequency of PC in the BM and the quantification of M-spike in serum we were able to segregate MGUS from MM. The transition from MGUS to MM in Vk*MYC mice was characterized by increased vascularization of the BM that associated with local enrichment of proangiogenic molecules such as VEGF-A and IL18. The BM was also enriched in molecules that favor survival and proliferation of myeloma cells, and signs of osteoporosis accompanied these alterations. A comparison between Vk*MYC mice affected by MGUS and age matched wild type C57BL/6 mice revealed precocious alteration of the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio, increased percentage of IL2 and IL4 producing CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells more prone to produce IFNγ in the BM of the former.
In summary, our data suggest that early in disease development, yet unknown factors elicit an inflammatory reaction that significantly modifies the cellular composition of the BM and associates with neoangiogenesis and PC accumulation. Being the pathology in the Vk*MYC mouse similar to the human disease, our data might be relevant to understand the mechanisms of progression from MGUS to MM in humans.
Citation Format: Arianna Calcinotto, Matteo Grioni, Maria Teresa Sabrina Bertilaccio, Marta Chesi, Leif Bergsagel, Giulia Casorati, Paolo Dellabona, Matteo Bellone. Modifications of the bone marrow microenvironment in the transition from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma in Vk*MYC mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A83.
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Crepaldi A, Moreschini L, Autès G, Tournier-Colletta C, Moser S, Virk N, Berger H, Bugnon P, Chang YJ, Kern K, Bostwick A, Rotenberg E, Yazyev OV, Grioni M. Giant ambipolar Rashba effect in the semiconductor BiTeI. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:096803. [PMID: 23002871 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.096803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We observe a giant spin-orbit splitting in the bulk and surface states of the noncentrosymmetric semiconductor BiTeI. We show that the Fermi level can be placed in the valence or in the conduction band by controlling the surface termination. In both cases, it intersects spin-polarized bands, in the corresponding surface depletion and accumulation layers. The momentum splitting of these bands is not affected by adsorbate-induced changes in the surface potential. These findings demonstrate that two properties crucial for enabling semiconductor-based spin electronics-a large, robust spin splitting and ambipolar conduction-are present in this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Crepaldi
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Calcinotto A, Filipazzi P, Grioni M, Iero M, De Milito A, Ricupito A, Cova A, Canese R, Jachetti E, Rossetti M, Huber V, Parmiani G, Generoso L, Santinami M, Borghi M, Fais S, Bellone M, Rivoltini L. Modulation of microenvironment acidity reverses anergy in human and murine tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. Cancer Res 2012; 72:2746-56. [PMID: 22593198 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stimulating the effector functions of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL) in primary and metastatic tumors could improve active and adoptive T-cell therapies for cancer. Abnormal glycolysis, high lactic acid production, proton accumulation, and a reversed intra-extracellular pH gradient are thought to help render tumor microenvironments hostile to roving immune cells. However, there is little knowledge about how acidic microenvironments affect T-cell immunity. Here, we report that lowering the environmental pH to values that characterize tumor masses (pH 6-6.5) was sufficient to establish an anergic state in human and mouse tumor-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes. This state was characterized by impairment of cytolytic activity and cytokine secretion, reduced expression of IL-2Rα (CD25) and T-cell receptors (TCR), and diminished activation of STAT5 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) after TCR activation. In contrast, buffering pH at physiologic values completely restored all these metrics of T-cell function. Systemic treatment of B16-OVA-bearing mice with proton pump inhibitors (PPI) significantly increased the therapeutic efficacy of both active and adoptive immunotherapy. Our findings show that acidification of the tumor microenvironment acts as mechanism of immune escape. Furthermore, they illustrate the potential of PPIs to safely correct T-cell dysfunction and improve the efficacy of T-cell-based cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Calcinotto
- Cellular Immunology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Calcinotto A, Grioni M, Jachetti E, Curnis F, Mondino A, Parmiani G, Corti A, Bellone M. Targeting TNF-α to neoangiogenic vessels enhances lymphocyte infiltration in tumors and increases the therapeutic potential of immunotherapy. J Immunol 2012; 188:2687-94. [PMID: 22323546 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal tumor vasculature impairs T lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and lymphocyte extravasation into neoplastic tissues, limiting the therapeutic potential of both active and adoptive immunotherapies. We have found that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with NGR-TNF, a Cys-Asn-Gly-Arg-Cys peptide-TNF fusion product capable of altering the endothelial barrier function and improving drug penetration in tumors, associated with the intratumor upregulation of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion molecules, the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and the infiltration of tumor-specific effector CD8(+) T cells. As a result, NGR-TNF enhanced the therapeutic activity of adoptive and active immunotherapy, delaying tumor growth and prolonging survival. Furthermore, we have found that therapeutic effects of these combinations can be further increased by the addition of chemotherapy. Thus, these findings might be relevant for the design of novel immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Calcinotto
- Cellular Immunology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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Rigamonti N, Capuano G, Ricupito A, Jachetti E, Grioni M, Generoso L, Freschi M, Bellone M. Modulators of Arginine Metabolism Do Not Impact on Peripheral T-Cell Tolerance and Disease Progression in a Model of Spontaneous Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:1012-23. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Guarise M, Dalla Piazza B, Moretti Sala M, Ghiringhelli G, Braicovich L, Berger H, Hancock JN, van der Marel D, Schmitt T, Strocov VN, Ament LJP, van den Brink J, Lin PH, Xu P, Rønnow HM, Grioni M. Measurement of magnetic excitations in the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂ insulator using resonant x-ray scattering: evidence for extended interactions. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:157006. [PMID: 21230933 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.157006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We measured the momentum dependence of magnetic excitations in the model spin-1/2 2D antiferromagnetic insulator Sr2CuO2Cl2 (SCOC). We identify a single-spin-wave feature and a multimagnon continuum, with different polarization dependences. The spin waves display a large (70 meV) dispersion between the zone-boundary points (π, 0) and (π/2, π/2). Employing an extended t-t'-t''-U one-band Hubbard model, we find significant electronic hopping beyond nearest-neighbor Cu ions, indicative of extended magnetic interactions. The spectral line shape at (π, 0) indicates sizable quantum effects in SCOC and probably more generally in the cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guarise
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
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Strocov VN, Schmitt T, Flechsig U, Schmidt T, Imhof A, Chen Q, Raabe J, Betemps R, Zimoch D, Krempasky J, Wang X, Grioni M, Piazzalunga A, Patthey L. High-resolution soft X-ray beamline ADRESS at the Swiss Light Source for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopies. J Synchrotron Radiat 2010; 17:631-43. [PMID: 20724785 PMCID: PMC2927903 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049510019862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The concepts and technical realisation of the high-resolution soft X-ray beamline ADRESS operating in the energy range from 300 to 1600 eV and intended for resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) are described. The photon source is an undulator of novel fixed-gap design where longitudinal movement of permanent magnetic arrays controls not only the light polarization (including circular and 0-180 degrees rotatable linear polarizations) but also the energy without changing the gap. The beamline optics is based on the well established scheme of plane-grating monochromator operating in collimated light. The ultimate resolving power E/DeltaE is above 33000 at 1 keV photon energy. The choice of blazed versus lamellar gratings and optimization of their profile parameters is described. Owing to glancing angles on the mirrors as well as optimized groove densities and profiles of the gratings, the beamline is capable of delivering high photon flux up to 1 x 10(13) photons s(-1) (0.01% BW)(-1) at 1 keV. Ellipsoidal refocusing optics used for the RIXS endstation demagnifies the vertical spot size down to 4 microm, which allows slitless operation and thus maximal transmission of the high-resolution RIXS spectrometer delivering E/DeltaE > 11000 at 1 keV photon energy. Apart from the beamline optics, an overview of the control system is given, the diagnostics and software tools are described, and strategies used for the optical alignment are discussed. An introduction to the concepts and instrumental realisation of the ARPES and RIXS endstations is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Strocov
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
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Hess Michelini R, Freschi M, Manzo T, Jachetti E, Degl'Innocenti E, Grioni M, Basso V, Bonini C, Simpson E, Mondino A, Bellone M. Concomitant tumor and minor histocompatibility antigen-specific immunity initiate rejection and maintain remission from established spontaneous solid tumors. Cancer Res 2010; 70:3505-14. [PMID: 20388780 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation can cure patients with hematologic malignancies but has reported limited success against solid tumors. This is possibly because of profound peripheral tolerance mechanisms and/or suboptimal tumor recognition by effector T lymphocytes. We report that in mice developing spontaneous prostate cancer, nonmyeloablative minor histocompatibility mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and donor lymphocyte infusion of unmanipulated lymphocytes combined with posttransplant tumor-specific vaccination circumvents tumor-specific tolerance, allowing acute tumor rejection and the establishment of protective immunosurveillance. Although donor-derived tumor-specific T cells readily differentiated into effector cells and infiltrated the tumor soon after infusion, they were alone insufficient for tumor eradication, which instead required the concomitance of minor histocompatibiltiy antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses. The establishment of protective immunosurveillance was best induced by posttransplant tumor-specific vaccination. Hence, these results provide the proof of principle that tumor-specific T-cell responses have to be harnessed together with minor histocompatibility responses and sustained by posttransplant tumor-specific vaccination to improve the efficacy of allotransplantion for the cure of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Hess Michelini
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Cellular Immunology Unit, Pathology Unit, Experimental Hematology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and Universita Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Bellone M, Ceccon M, Grioni M, Jachetti E, Calcinotto A, Napolitano A, Freschi M, Casorati G, Dellabona P. iNKT cells control mouse spontaneous carcinoma independently of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8646. [PMID: 20072624 PMCID: PMC2800182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD1d-restricted invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes endowed with innate effector functions that aid in the establishment of adaptive T and B cell immune responses. iNKT cells have been shown to play a spontaneous protective role against experimental tumors. Yet, the interplay between iNKT and tumor-specific T cells in cancer immune surveillance/editing has never been addressed. The transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) is a realistic model of spontaneous oncogenesis, in which the tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response undergoes full tolerance upon disease progression. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We report here that lack of iNKT cells in TRAMP mice resulted in the appearance of more precocious and aggressive tumors that significantly reduced animal survival. TRAMP mice bearing or lacking iNKT cells responded similarly to a tumor-specific vaccination and developed tolerance to a tumor-associated antigen at comparable rate. CONCLUSIONS Hence, our data argue for a critical role of iNKT cells in the immune surveillance of carcinoma that is independent of tumor-specific CTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bellone
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Ceccon
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Calcinotto
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Napolitano
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Freschi
- Unità Operativa Anatomia Patologica, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Gierz I, Suzuki T, Frantzeskakis E, Pons S, Ostanin S, Ernst A, Henk J, Grioni M, Kern K, Ast CR. Silicon surface with giant spin splitting. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:046803. [PMID: 19659381 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.046803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a giant Rashba-type spin splitting on a semiconducting substrate by means of a Bi-trimer adlayer on a Si(111) wafer. The in-plane inversion symmetry is broken inducing a giant spin splitting with a Rashba energy of about 140 meV, much larger than what has previously been reported for any semiconductor heterostructure. The separation of the electronic states is larger than their lifetime broadening, which has been directly observed with angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The experimental results are confirmed by relativistic first-principles calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gierz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Ghiringhelli G, Piazzalunga A, Dallera C, Schmitt T, Strocov VN, Schlappa J, Patthey L, Wang X, Berger H, Grioni M. Observation of two nondispersive magnetic excitations in NiO by resonant inelastic soft-X-Ray scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:027401. [PMID: 19257316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.027401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present high resolution (DeltaE=120 meV) resonant inelastic x-ray scattering data measured at the Ni L3 edge (2p_{3/2}-->3d) on the paradigmatic antiferromagnetic oxide NiO. Spectra reveal clear signatures of magnetic excitations at approximately 95 and approximately 190 meV whose energy seems independent from transferred momentum. These spectral features are well reproduced by a single Ni2+ ion model in an effective exchange field. Within this local model the two magnetic excitations are characterized by a variation of the atomic magnetic moment along the local ordering direction (DeltaS_{alpha}) of one and two units. The DeltaS_{alpha}=2 case has different nature from bimagnons observed in optical Raman spectra, for which DeltaS_{alpha}=0.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ghiringhelli
- CNR-INFM Coherentia and Soft, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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Abstract
The spectroscopy of quasi-one-dimensional (1D) systems has been a subject of strong interest since the first experimental observations of unusual line shapes in the early 1990s. Angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) measurements performed with increasing accuracy have greatly broadened our knowledge of the properties of bulk 1D materials and, more recently, of artificial 1D structures. They have yielded a direct view of 1D bands, of open Fermi surfaces, and of characteristic instabilities. They have also provided unique microscopic evidence for the non-conventional, non-Fermi-liquid, behavior predicted by theory, and for strong and singular interactions. Here we briefly review some of the remarkable experimental results obtained in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grioni
- Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne-EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Capuano G, Rigamonti N, Grioni M, Freschi M, Bellone M. Modulators of arginine metabolism support cancer immunosurveillance. BMC Immunol 2009; 10:1. [PMID: 19134173 PMCID: PMC2648942 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-associated accrual of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the blood, lymphoid organs and tumor tissues may lead to perturbation of the arginine metabolism and impairment of the endogenous antitumor immunity. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether accumulation of MDSC occurred in Th2 prone BALB/c and Th1 biased C57BL/6 mice bearing the C26GM colon carcinoma and RMA T lymphoma, respectively, and to investigate whether N(G) nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and sildenafil, both modulators of the arginine metabolism, restored antitumor immunity. Results We report here that MDSC accumulate in the spleen and blood of mice irrespective of the mouse and tumor model used. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with either the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil or the nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME significantly restrained tumor growth and expanded the tumor-specific immune response. Conclusion Our data emphasize the role of MDSC in modulating the endogenous tumor-specific immune response and underline the anti-neoplastic therapeutic potential of arginine metabolism modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Capuano
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy Program, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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Pacilé D, Papagno M, Rodríguez AF, Grioni M, Papagno L, Girit CO, Meyer JC, Begtrup GE, Zettl A. Near-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure investigation of graphene. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:066806. [PMID: 18764491 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.066806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the near-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectrum of a single layer of graphite (graphene) obtained by micromechanical cleavage of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite on a SiO2 substrate. We utilized a photoemission electron microscope to separately study single-, double-, and few-layers graphene samples. In single-layer graphene we observe a splitting of the pi resonance and a clear signature of the predicted interlayer state. The NEXAFS data illustrate the rapid evolution of the electronic structure with the increased number of layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pacilé
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) and Dipartimento di Fisica Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
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50
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Bertilaccio MTS, Grioni M, Sutherland BW, Degl'Innocenti E, Freschi M, Jachetti E, Greenberg NM, Corti A, Bellone M. Vasculature-targeted tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases the therapeutic index of doxorubicin against prostate cancer. Prostate 2008; 68:1105-15. [PMID: 18437689 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor penetration and uneven distribution of doxorubicin in tumors limits the efficacy of this drug in patients with prostate cancer (PC). Aim of the study was to investigate whether pre-treatment with NGR-TNF, a tumor necrosis factor-alpha derivative able to target tumor vessels and alter vessel permeability, increases the penetration and the efficacy of doxorubicin in pre-clinical models of PC. METHODS Wild type C57BL/6 mice bearing androgen-independent TRAMP-C1 PC and transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice, which spontaneously develop PC and metastasis, were treated with repeated cycles of doxorubicin, administered either alone or following NGR-TNF. Tumor growth and drug uptake by cancer cells was evaluated. RESULTS Doxorubicin as a single agent blocked the growth of TRAMP-C1 cells in vitro but not in vivo. Pre-treatment of mice bearing subcutaneous TRAMP-C1 tumors with NGR-TNF favored doxorubicin penetration into the tumor mass, and in both TRAMP-C1 and TRAMP models significantly delayed tumor growth without increasing drug-related toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment with NGR-TNF significantly expanded the therapeutic index of doxorubicin in mouse models of hormone-dependent and -independent PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T S Bertilaccio
- Cancer Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy Program, Department of Oncology, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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