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Jones PW, Mallat Z, Nus M. T-Cell/B-Cell Interactions in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1502-1511. [PMID: 38813700 PMCID: PMC11208060 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.319845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease in which the adaptive immune response plays an important role. While the overall impact of T and B cells in atherosclerosis is relatively well established, we are only beginning to understand how bidirectional T-cell/B-cell interactions can exert prominent atheroprotective and proatherogenic functions. In this review, we will focus on these T-cell/B-cell interactions and how we could use them to therapeutically target the adaptive immune response in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter William Jones
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (P.W.J., Z.M., M.N.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (P.W.J., Z.M., M.N.)
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, France (Z.M.)
| | - Meritxell Nus
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (P.W.J., Z.M., M.N.)
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Smeets D, Gisterå A, Malin SG, Tsiantoulas D. The Spectrum of B Cell Functions in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:864602. [PMID: 35497984 PMCID: PMC9051234 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.864602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells are a core element of the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Multiple experimental and epidemiological studies have revealed both protective and deleterious functions of B cells in atherosclerotic plaque formation. The spearhead property of B cells that influences the development of atherosclerosis is their unique ability to produce and secrete high amounts of antigen-specific antibodies that can act at distant sites. Exposure to an atherogenic milieu impacts B cell homeostasis, cell differentiation and antibody production. However, it is not clear whether B cell responses in atherosclerosis are instructed by atherosclerosis-specific antigens (ASA). Dissecting the full spectrum of the B cell properties in atherosclerosis will pave the way for designing innovative therapies against the devastating consequences of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diede Smeets
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen G. Malin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Tsiantoulas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Dimitrios Tsiantoulas,
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Porsch F, Mallat Z, Binder CJ. Humoral immunity in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction: from B cells to antibodies. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2544-2562. [PMID: 34450620 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune mechanisms are critically involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations. Associations of specific antibody levels and defined B cell subsets with cardiovascular disease activity in humans as well as mounting evidence from preclinical models demonstrate a role of B cells and humoral immunity in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These include all aspects of B cell immunity, the generation of antigen-specific antibodies, antigen presentation and co-stimulation of T cells, as well as production of cytokines. Through their impact on adaptive and innate immune responses and the regulation of many other immune cells, B cells mediate both protective and detrimental effects in cardiovascular disease. Several antigens derived from (oxidised) lipoproteins, the vascular wall and classical autoantigens have been identified. The unique antibody responses they trigger and their relationship with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are reviewed. In particular, we focus on the different effector functions of specific IgM, IgG, and IgE antibodies and the cellular responses they trigger and highlight potential strategies to target B cell functions for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Porsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France.,Unversité Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris France
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Burton AR, Maini MK. Human antiviral B cell responses: Emerging lessons from hepatitis B and COVID-19. Immunol Rev 2021; 299:108-117. [PMID: 33559128 PMCID: PMC8014162 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Humoral immunity is a critical component of the coordinated response required to resolve viral infections and mediate protection following pathogen clearance or vaccination. A better understanding of factors shaping the memory B cell response will allow tailored development of efficient preventative vaccines against emerging acute viral infections, therapeutic vaccines, and immunotherapies for chronic viral infections. Here, we use recent data obtained by profiling antigen-specific B cell responses in hepatitis B as a framework to explore lessons that can be learnt from different viral infections about the diverse influences on humoral immunity. Hepatitis B provides a paradigm where successful B cell responses in resolved or vaccinated individuals can be contrasted to the failed response in chronic infection, while also exemplifying the degree to which B cell responses within infected individuals can differ to two antigens from the same virus. Drawing on studies in other human and murine infections, including emerging data from COVID-19, we consider the influence of antigen quantity and structure on the quality of the B cell response, the role of differential CD4 help, the importance of germinal center vs extrafollicular responses and the emerging concept that responses residing in non-lymphoid organs can participate in B cell memory.
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Zou J, Wang G, Li H, Yu X, Tang C. IgM natural antibody T15/E06 in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 504:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The association between oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibodies and hematological diseases. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:190. [PMID: 27825356 PMCID: PMC5101799 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study is to compare the profiles of antibodies (IgM and IgG) against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) of hematological diseases. Methods The serum antibodies of oxLDL-IgM and oxLDL-IgG for 446 cases with hematological diseases and 90 patients with primary hypertension and 90 healthy controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a cross-section survey. The association of serum oxLDL-LgM and oxLDL-IgG with hematological diseases was analyzed by multiple linear regression model. Results Comparing with the hypertension or normal groups, the levels of TCH, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c, oxLDL, and oxLDL-IgG were lower and the levels of ADP and oxLDL-IgM were higher in the hematological diseases group. The levels of oxLDL-IgG antibodies titer were different among hematological diseases group. The results of correlation and multiple regression analysis showed that the seven hematological disease subgroups were positively related to the oxLDL-IgM antibody titer but negatively related to the oxLDL-IgG antibody titer, having been adjusted for potential confounding factors such as age, SBP, DBP, BMI, TCH, TG, ADP, oxLDL, HDL-c, LDL-C. Conclusions Here we show that oxLDL-IgG antibodies titer were lower and of oxLDL-IgM titer were higher than hypertension and healthy individuals. Also oxLDL-IgG titer were different among hematological diseases group.
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Soh SY, Faveeuw C, Thiam CH, Khoo LHB, Yeo KP, Lim SY, Lim HY, Ng JX, Angeli V. NKT Cell Hyporesponsiveness Leads to Unrestrained Accumulation of Marginal Zone B Cells in Hypercholesterolemic Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3894-3904. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Gruber S, Hendrikx T, Tsiantoulas D, Ozsvar-Kozma M, Göderle L, Mallat Z, Witztum JL, Shiri-Sverdlov R, Nitschke L, Binder CJ. Sialic Acid-Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectin G Promotes Atherosclerosis and Liver Inflammation by Suppressing the Protective Functions of B-1 Cells. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2348-61. [PMID: 26947073 PMCID: PMC4802221 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is initiated and sustained by hypercholesterolemia, which results in the generation of oxidized LDL (OxLDL) and other metabolic byproducts that trigger inflammation. Specific immune responses have been shown to modulate the inflammatory response during atherogenesis. The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin G (Siglec-G) is a negative regulator of the functions of several immune cells, including myeloid cells and B-1 cells. Here, we show that deficiency of Siglec-G in atherosclerosis-prone mice inhibits plaque formation and diet-induced hepatic inflammation. We further demonstrate that selective deficiency of Siglec-G in B cells alone is sufficient to mediate these effects. Levels of B-1 cell-derived natural IgM with specificity for OxLDL were significantly increased in the plasma and peritoneal cavity of Siglec-G-deficient mice. Consistent with the neutralizing functions of OxLDL-specific IgM, Siglec-G-deficient mice were protected from OxLDL-induced sterile inflammation. Thus, Siglec-G promotes atherosclerosis and hepatic inflammation by suppressing protective anti-inflammatory effector functions of B cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Chemokines/analysis
- Chemokines/blood
- Cytokines/analysis
- Cytokines/blood
- Diet, High-Fat
- Immunoassay
- Immunoglobulin M/blood
- Inflammation/pathology
- Lectins/deficiency
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins/metabolism
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, LDL/blood
- Lipoproteins, LDL/immunology
- Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Peritonitis/prevention & control
- Peritonitis/veterinary
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/deficiency
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Serum Amyloid A Protein/analysis
- Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Hendrikx
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Tsiantoulas
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Ozsvar-Kozma
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Göderle
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CB2 0SZ Cambridge, UK
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92110, USA
| | - Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph J Binder
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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