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Trippmacher S, Demeshko S, Prescimone A, Meyer F, Wenger OS, Wang C. Ferromagnetically Coupled Chromium(III) Dimer Shows Luminescence and Sensitizes Photon Upconversion. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400856. [PMID: 38523568 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
There has been much progress on mononuclear chromium(III) complexes featuring luminescence and photoredox activity, but dinuclear chromium(III) complexes have remained underexplored in these contexts until now. We identified a tridentate chelate ligand able to accommodate both meridional and facial coordination of chromium(III), to either access a mono- or a dinuclear chromium(III) complex depending on reaction conditions. This chelate ligand causes tetragonally distorted primary coordination spheres around chromium(III) in both complexes, entailing comparatively short excited-state lifetimes in the range of 400 to 800 ns in solution at room temperature and making photoluminescence essentially oxygen insensitive. The two chromium(III) ions in the dimer experience ferromagnetic exchange interactions that result in a high spin (S=3) ground state with a coupling constant of +9.3 cm-1. Photoinduced energy transfer from the luminescent ferromagnetically coupled dimer to an anthracene derivative results in sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion. Based on these proof-of-principle studies, dinuclear chromium(III) complexes seem attractive for the development of fundamentally new types of photophysics and photochemistry enabled by magnetic exchange interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Trippmacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, BPR 1096, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Barbarastraße 7, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
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2
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East NR, Naumann R, Förster C, Ramanan C, Diezemann G, Heinze K. Oxidative two-state photoreactivity of a manganese(IV) complex using near-infrared light. Nat Chem 2024; 16:827-834. [PMID: 38332331 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Highly reducing or oxidizing photocatalysts are a fundamental challenge in photochemistry. Only a few transition metal complexes with Earth-abundant metal ions have so far advanced to excited state oxidants. All these photocatalysts require high-energy light for excitation, and their oxidizing power has not been fully exploited due to energy dissipation before reaching the photoactive state. Here we demonstrate that the complex [Mn(dgpy)2]4+, based on Earth-abundant manganese and the tridentate 2,6-diguanidylpyridine ligand (dgpy), evolves to a luminescent doublet ligand-to-metal charge transfer (2LMCT) excited state (1,435 nm, 0.86 eV) with a lifetime of 1.6 ns after excitation with low-energy near-infrared light. This 2LMCT state oxidizes naphthalene to its radical cation. Substrates with extremely high oxidation potentials up to 2.4 V enable the [Mn(dgpy)2]4+ photoreduction via a high-energy quartet 4LMCT excited state with a lifetime of 0.78 ps, proceeding via static quenching by the solvent. This process minimizes free energy losses and harnesses the full photooxidizing power, and thus allows oxidation of nitriles and benzene using Earth-abundant elements and low-energy light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R East
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Naumann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Charusheela Ramanan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gregor Diezemann
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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3
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Alazaly AM, Clarkson GJ, Ward MD, Abdel-Shafi AA. Mechanism of Oxygen Quenching of the Excited States of Heteroleptic Chromium(III) Phenanthroline Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16101-16113. [PMID: 37721399 PMCID: PMC10548418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of some heteroleptic Cr(III) complexes of the form [Cr(Phen)2L](OTf)3, where Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and L is either 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) or its derivatives, such as 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (4,4'-DMB), 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine (4,4'-DMOB), 4,4'-ditert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine (4,4'-dtbpy), 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (5,5'-DMB), 4,4'-dimethoxycarbonyl-2,2'-bipyridine (4,4'-dmcbpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives, such as 5-methyl-1,10-phenanthroline (5-Me-Phen) and 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (4,7-DMP). Heteroleptic complexes were prepared in two stages via the intermediate [Cr(Phen)2(CF3SO3)2](CF3SO3) and five examples have been crystallographically characterized. Steady-state absorption and luminescence emission characteristics of these complexes were measured in 1 M HCl solutions. The luminescence quantum yield of these complexes was found to be the lowest for [Cr(Phen)2(4,4'-dmcbpy)](OTf)3 and the highest for [Cr(Phen)2(4,4'-DMB)](OTf)3 with values of 0.31 × 10-2 and 1.48 × 10-2, respectively. The calculated excited state energy, E0-0, was found to vary within the narrow range of 163.1-165.0 kJ mol-1 across the series. Transient absorption spectra in degassed, air-equilibrated, and oxygen-saturated 1 M HCl aqueous solutions were also measured at different time decays and demonstrated no significant differences, indicating the absence of any ion-separated species in the excited state. Excited-state decay traces at the wavelength of maximum absorption were used to calculate oxygen quenching rate constants, kq, which were found to be in the range 3.26-5.27 × 107 M-1 s-1. Singlet oxygen luminescence photosensitized by these complexes was observed in D2O, and its luminescence intensity at 1270 nm was used for the determination of singlet oxygen quantum yields for these complexes, which were in the range of 0.20-0.44, while the fraction of the excited 2E state quenched by oxygen was in the range of 0.22-0.68, and the efficiency of singlet oxygen production was in the range of 0.44-0.90. The mechanism by which the excited 2E state is quenched by oxygen is explained by a spin statistical model that predicts the balance between charge transfer and noncharge transfer deactivation pathways, which was represented by the parameter pCT that was found to vary from 0.35 to 0.68 for this series of Cr(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed
M. M. Alazaly
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams
University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Guy J. Clarkson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Ayman A. Abdel-Shafi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams
University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Wang C, Ebel K, Heinze K, Resch-Genger U, Bald I. Quantum Yield of DNA Strand Breaks under Photoexcitation of a Molecular Ruby. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203719. [PMID: 36734093 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) used for treating cancer relies on the generation of highly reactive oxygen species, for example, singlet oxygen 1 O2 , by light-induced excitation of a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of molecular oxygen, inducing DNA damage in close proximity of the PS. Although many precious metal complexes have been explored as PS for PDT and received clinical approval, only recently, the potential of photoactive complexes of non-noble metals as PS has been discovered. Using the DNA origami technology that can absolutely quantify DNA strand break cross sections, we assessed the potential of the luminescent transition metal complex [Cr(ddpd)2 ]3+ (ddpd=N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dipyridine-2-ylpyridine-2,6-diamine) to damage DNA in an air-saturated aqueous environment upon UV/Vis illumination. The quantum yield for strand breakage, that is, the ratio of DNA strand breaks to the number of absorbed photons, was determined to 1-4 %, indicating efficient transformation of photons into DNA strand breaks by [Cr(ddpd)2 ]3+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kenny Ebel
- Institute of Chemistry, Hybrid Nanostructures, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilko Bald
- Institute of Chemistry, Hybrid Nanostructures, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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Bürgin TH, Glaser F, Wenger OS. Shedding Light on the Oxidizing Properties of Spin-Flip Excited States in a Cr III Polypyridine Complex and Their Use in Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14181-14194. [PMID: 35913126 PMCID: PMC9376921 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The photoredox activity of well-known RuII complexes
stems from metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states,
in which a ligand-based electron can initiate chemical reductions
and a metal-centered hole can trigger oxidations. CrIII polypyridines show similar photoredox properties, although they
have fundamentally different electronic structures. Their photoactive
excited state is of spin-flip nature, differing from the electronic
ground state merely by a change of one electron spin, but with otherwise
identical d-orbital occupancy. We find that the driving-force dependence
for photoinduced electron transfer from 10 different donors to a spin-flip
excited state of a CrIII complex is very similar to that
for a RuII polypyridine, and thereby validate the concept
of estimating the redox potential of d3 spin-flip excited
states in analogous manner as for the MLCT states of d6 compounds. Building on this insight, we use our CrIII complex for photocatalytic reactions not previously explored with
this compound class, including the aerobic bromination of methoxyaryls,
oxygenation of 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethylene, aerobic hydroxylation
of arylboronic acids, and the vinylation of N-phenyl
pyrrolidine. This work contributes to understanding the fundamental
photochemical properties of first-row transition-metal complexes in
comparison to well-explored precious-metal-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias H Bürgin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Luminescent Metal Complexes for Bioassays in the Near-Infrared (NIR) Region. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:31. [PMID: 35715540 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR, 700-1700 nm) luminescent imaging is an emerging bioimaging technology with low photon scattering, minimal autofluorescence, deep tissue penetration, and high spatiotemporal resolution that has shown fascinating promise for NIR imaging-guided theranostics. In recent progress, NIR luminescent metal complexes have attracted substantially increased research attention owing to their intrinsic merits, including small size, anti-photobleaching, long lifetime, and metal-centered NIR emission. In the past decade, scientists have contributed to the advancement of NIR metal complexes involving efforts to improve photophysical properties, biocompatibility, specificity, pharmacokinetics, in vivo visualization, and attempts to exploit new ligand platforms. Herein, we summarize recent progress and provide future perspectives for NIR metal complexes, including d-block transition metals and f-block lanthanides (Ln) as NIR optical molecular probes for bioassays.
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A Perylenediimide-Based Zinc-Coordination Polymer for Photosensitized Singlet-Oxygen Generation. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15072437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In the face of anthropogenic global warming the design and synthesis of materials, which enable energy transfer processes using sunlight as an energy source, are of high interest. Perylenediimides are a highly absorbing class of chromophores suitable for sunlight absorption and conversion. Therefore, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and coordination polymers (CPs) with incorporated organic perylene chromophores are highly interesting materials both for applied, but also fundamental, photophysical research. MOFs/CPs have the advantage of a modular adjustability of interchromophoric distances and angles, and the choice of metal nodes can be used to further tune the material towards the desired photophysical properties. In the present paper, we present a study using a reported organic perylenediimide (PDI) chromophore (H2tpdb) as a linker to be incorporated into coordination polymer and test towards applicability within the photochemical 1O2 generation. In detail, a novel zinc 2D -coordination polymer Zn(tpdb)(DMF)3 is reported, which is synthesized using a solvothermal synthesis with Zn(NO3)2 and a ditopic organic perylene linker. Both the linker and Zn-CP are fully characterized, including SC-XRD, showing a strong aggregation of tightly packed chromophores in the solid state. The photophysical properties are examined and discussed, including the observed shifts within the absorption spectra of the CP are compared to the linker in solution. These shifts are mainly attributed to the for PDIs known H-type aggregation and an additional charge transfer in the framework structure, causing a limited quantum yield of the emission. Finally, the photosensitization of triplet oxygen to singlet oxygen using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofurane (DBPF) as a trapping agent is investigated both for the free linker and the Zn-CP, showing that the perylene chromophore is an efficient photosensitizer and its activity can, in principle, be retained after its incorporation in the coordination polymer.
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Abstract
In molecular photochemistry, charge-transfer emission is well understood and widely exploited. In contrast, luminescent metal-centered transitions only came into focus in recent years. This gave rise to strongly phosphorescent CrIII complexes with a d3 electronic configuration featuring luminescent metal-centered excited states which are characterized by the flip of a single spin. These so-called spin-flip emitters possess unique properties and require different design strategies than traditional charge-transfer phosphors. In this review, we give a brief introduction to ligand field theory as a framework to understand this phenomenon and outline prerequisites for efficient spin-flip emission including ligand field strength, symmetry, intersystem crossing and common deactivation pathways using CrIII complexes as instructive examples. The recent progress and associated challenges of tuning the energies of emissive excited states and of emerging applications of the unique photophysical properties of spin-flip emitters are discussed. Finally, we summarize the current state-of-the-art and challenges of spin-flip emitters beyond CrIII with d2, d3, d4 and d8 electronic configuration, where we mainly cover pseudooctahedral molecular complexes of V, Mo, W, Mn, Re and Ni, and highlight possible future research opportunities.
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Wang C, Kitzmann WR, Weigert F, Förster C, Wang X, Heinze K, Resch-Genger U. Matrix Effects on Photoluminescence and Oxygen Sensitivity of a Molecular Ruby. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing: Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und -prufung Division Biophotonics Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Winald R. Kitzmann
- Johannes Gutenberg University: Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Florian Weigert
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing: Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und -prufung Division Biophotonics GERMANY
| | - Christoph Förster
- Johannes Gutenberg University: Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Xifan Wang
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing: Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschung und -prufung Division Biophotonics GERMANY
| | - Katja Heinze
- Johannes Gutenberg University: Johannes Gutenberg Universitat Mainz Department of Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Analytische Chemie und Referenzmaterialien Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11 12489 Berlin GERMANY
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Gourdon L, Cariou K, Gasser G. Phototherapeutic anticancer strategies with first-row transition metal complexes: a critical review. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1167-1195. [PMID: 35048929 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00609f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) are therapeutic techniques based on a photosensitizer (PS) and light. These techniques allow the spatial and temporal control of the activation of drugs with light. Transition metal complexes are attractive compounds as photoactivatable prodrugs since their excited states can be appropriately designed by subtle modifications of the ligands, the metal centre, or the oxidation state. However, most metal-based PSs contain heavy metals such as Ru, Os, Ir, Pt or Au, which are expensive and non-earth-abundant, contrary to first-row transition metals. In this context, the exploration of the photochemical properties of complexes based on first-row transition metals appears to be extremely promising. This did encourage several groups to develop promising PSs based on these metals. This review presents up-to-date state-of-the-art information on first-row-transition metal complexes, from titanium to zinc in regard to their application as PSs for phototherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gourdon
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Kevin Cariou
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
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11
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Stein L, Wang C, Förster C, Resch-Genger U, Heinze K. Bulky ligands protect molecular ruby from oxygen quenching. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:17664-17670. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02950b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Steric protection strongly reduces phosphorescence quenching of excited molecular rubies by oxygen. The most bulky ligand enables photoluminescence quantum yields up to 5.1% and lifetimes up to 518 µs in air-saturated acetonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stein
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cui Wang
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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12
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Kitzmann WRR, Ramanan C, Naumann R, Heinze K. Molecular Ruby: Exploring the Excited State Landscape. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6519-6525. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00569g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the highly NIR-luminescent Molecular Ruby [Cr(ddpd)2]3+ 13+ (ddpd = N,N’-dimethyl-N,N’-dipyridine-2-ylpyridine-2,6-diamine) has been a milestone in the development of earth-abundant luminophors and has led to important new impulses...
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13
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Dorn M, Kalmbach J, Boden P, Kruse A, Dab C, Reber C, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Lochbrunner S, Gerhards M, Seitz M, Heinze K. Ultrafast and long-time excited state kinetics of an NIR-emissive vanadium(iii) complex I: synthesis, spectroscopy and static quantum chemistry. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10780-10790. [PMID: 34476059 PMCID: PMC8372323 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of intense, recent research efforts, luminescent transition metal complexes with Earth-abundant metals are still very rare owing to the small ligand field splitting of 3d transition metal complexes and the resulting non-emissive low-energy metal-centered states. Low-energy excited states decay efficiently non-radiatively, so that near-infrared emissive transition metal complexes with 3d transition metals are even more challenging. We report that the heteroleptic pseudo-octahedral d2-vanadium(iii) complex VCl3(ddpd) (ddpd = N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dipyridine-2-yl-pyridine-2,6-diamine) shows near-infrared singlet → triplet spin-flip phosphorescence maxima at 1102, 1219 and 1256 nm with a lifetime of 0.5 μs at room temperature. Band splitting, ligand deuteration, excitation energy and temperature effects on the excited state dynamics will be discussed on slow and fast timescales using Raman, static and time-resolved photoluminescence, step-scan FTIR and fs-UV pump-vis probe spectroscopy as well as photolysis experiments in combination with static quantum chemical calculations. These results inform future design strategies for molecular materials of Earth-abundant metal ions exhibiting spin-flip luminescence and photoinduced metal-ligand bond homolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jens Kalmbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, Technical University Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Ayla Kruse
- Institute for Physics, Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock 18051 Rostock Germany
| | - Chahinez Dab
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Christian Reber
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, Technical University Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute for Physics, Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock 18051 Rostock Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, Technical University Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Michael Seitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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14
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Reichenauer F, Wang C, Förster C, Boden P, Ugur N, Báez-Cruz R, Kalmbach J, Carrella LM, Rentschler E, Ramanan C, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Gerhards M, Seitz M, Resch-Genger U, Heinze K. Strongly Red-Emissive Molecular Ruby [Cr(bpmp) 2] 3+ Surpasses [Ru(bpy) 3] 2. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11843-11855. [PMID: 34296865 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gaining chemical control over the thermodynamics and kinetics of photoexcited states is paramount to an efficient and sustainable utilization of photoactive transition metal complexes in a plethora of technologies. In contrast to energies of charge transfer states described by spatially separated orbitals, the energies of spin-flip states cannot straightforwardly be predicted as Pauli repulsion and the nephelauxetic effect play key roles. Guided by multireference quantum chemical calculations, we report a novel highly luminescent spin-flip emitter with a quantum chemically predicted blue-shifted luminescence. The spin-flip emission band of the chromium complex [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ (bpmp = 2,6-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)pyridine) shifted to higher energy from ca. 780 nm observed for known highly emissive chromium(III) complexes to 709 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yields climb to 20%, and very long excited state lifetimes in the millisecond range are achieved at room temperature in acidic D2O solution. Partial ligand deuteration increases the quantum yield to 25%. The high excited state energy of [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ and its facile reduction to [Cr(bpmp)2]2+ result in a high excited state redox potential. The ligand's methylene bridge acts as a Brønsted acid quenching the luminescence at high pH. Combined with a pH-insensitive chromium(III) emitter, ratiometric optical pH sensing is achieved with single wavelength excitation. The photophysical and ground state properties (quantum yield, lifetime, redox potential, and acid/base) of this spin-flip complex incorporating an earth-abundant metal surpass those of the classical precious metal [Ru(α-diimine)3]2+ charge transfer complexes, which are commonly employed in optical sensing and photo(redox) catalysis, underlining the bright future of these molecular ruby analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reichenauer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cui Wang
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Naz Ugur
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ricardo Báez-Cruz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Kalmbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luca M Carrella
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Charusheela Ramanan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Seitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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15
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Becker PM, Förster C, Carrella LM, Boden P, Hunger D, van Slageren J, Gerhards M, Rentschler E, Heinze K. Spin Crossover and Long-Lived Excited States in a Reduced Molecular Ruby. Chemistry 2020; 26:7199-7204. [PMID: 32167607 PMCID: PMC7318154 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The chromium(III) complex [CrIII(ddpd)2]3+ (molecular ruby; ddpd=N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐dipyridine‐2‐yl‐pyridine‐2,6‐diamine) is reduced to the genuine chromium(II) complex [CrII(ddpd)2]2+ with d4 electron configuration. This reduced molecular ruby represents one of the very few chromium(II) complexes showing spin crossover (SCO). The reversible SCO is gradual with T1/2 around room temperature. The low‐spin and high‐spin chromium(II) isomers exhibit distinct spectroscopic and structural properties (UV/Vis/NIR, IR, EPR spectroscopies, single‐crystal XRD). Excitation of [CrII(ddpd)2]2+ with UV light at 20 and 290 K generates electronically excited states with microsecond lifetimes. This initial study on the unique reduced molecular ruby paves the way for thermally and photochemically switchable magnetic systems based on chromium complexes complementing the well‐established iron(II) SCO systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Becker
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luca M Carrella
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - David Hunger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for, Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for, Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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16
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Khvorost TA, Beliaev LY, Potalueva E, Laptenkova AV, Selyutin AA, Bogachev NA, Skripkin MY, Ryazantsev MN, Tkachenko N, Mereshchenko AS. Ultrafast Photochemistry of the [Cr(NCS)6]3– Complex in Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Dimethylformamide upon Excitation into Ligand-Field Electronic State. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3724-3733. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taras A. Khvorost
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Leonid Yu. Beliaev
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Potalueva
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Laptenkova
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Artem A. Selyutin
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Nikita A. Bogachev
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu. Skripkin
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Mikhail N. Ryazantsev
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, ul. Khlopina 8/3, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia
| | - Nikolai Tkachenko
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials Group, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrey S. Mereshchenko
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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17
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Förster C, Heinze K. Photophysics and photochemistry with Earth-abundant metals - fundamentals and concepts. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1057-1070. [PMID: 32025671 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00573k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent exciting developments in the area of mononuclear photoactive complexes with Earth-abundant metal ions (Cu, Zr, Fe, Cr) for potential eco-friendly applications in (phosphorescent) organic light emitting diodes, in imaging and sensing systems, in dye-sensitized solar cells and as photocatalysts are presented. Challenges, in particular the extension of excited state lifetimes, and recent conceptual breakthroughs in substituting precious and rare-Earth metal ions (e.g. Ru, Ir, Pt, Au, Eu) in these applications by abundant ions are outlined with selected examples. Relevant fundamentals of photophysics and photochemistry are discussed first, followed by conceptual and instructive case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Förster
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128, Mainz, Germany.
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18
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Jiménez JR, Poncet M, Doistau B, Besnard C, Piguet C. Luminescent polypyridyl heteroleptic Cr III complexes with high quantum yields and long excited state lifetimes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13528-13532. [PMID: 32968750 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02872j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Implementing high quantum yields and long-lived excited state lifetimes within heteroleptic luminescent CrIII complexes is a keystone for the design of supramolecular energy-converting devices exploiting this cheap metal. In this contribution, we discuss the stepwise and rational optimization of these two limiting factors within a series of heteroleptic CrIII complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Ramón Jiménez
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Maxime Poncet
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin Doistau
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Céline Besnard
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Geneva, 24 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Claude Piguet
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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19
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Investigation of photo-activation on ruthenium(II)–arene complexes for the discovery of potential selective cytotoxic agents. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Treiling S, Wang C, Förster C, Reichenauer F, Kalmbach J, Boden P, Harris JP, Carrella LM, Rentschler E, Resch-Genger U, Reber C, Seitz M, Gerhards M, Heinze K. Luminescence and Light-Driven Energy and Electron Transfer from an Exceptionally Long-Lived Excited State of a Non-Innocent Chromium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18075-18085. [PMID: 31600421 PMCID: PMC6916301 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photoactive metal complexes employing Earth-abundant metal ions are a key to sustainable photophysical and photochemical applications. We exploit the effects of an inversion center and ligand non-innocence to tune the luminescence and photochemistry of the excited state of the [CrN6 ] chromophore [Cr(tpe)2 ]3+ with close to octahedral symmetry (tpe=1,1,1-tris(pyrid-2-yl)ethane). [Cr(tpe)2 ]3+ exhibits the longest luminescence lifetime (τ=4500 μs) reported up to date for a molecular polypyridyl chromium(III) complex together with a very high luminescence quantum yield of Φ=8.2 % at room temperature in fluid solution. Furthermore, the tpe ligands in [Cr(tpe)2 ]3+ are redox non-innocent, leading to reversible reductive chemistry. The excited state redox potential and lifetime of [Cr(tpe)2 ]3+ surpass those of the classical photosensitizer [Ru(bpy)3 ]2+ (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) enabling energy transfer (to oxygen) and photoredox processes (with azulene and tri(n-butyl)amine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Treiling
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cui Wang
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Reichenauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Kalmbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Joe P Harris
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Luca M Carrella
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Reber
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michael Seitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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21
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Treiling S, Wang C, Förster C, Reichenauer F, Kalmbach J, Boden P, Harris JP, Carrella LM, Rentschler E, Resch‐Genger U, Reber C, Seitz M, Gerhards M, Heinze K. Luminescence and Light‐Driven Energy and Electron Transfer from an Exceptionally Long‐Lived Excited State of a Non‐Innocent Chromium(III) Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Treiling
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Cui Wang
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Florian Reichenauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Jens Kalmbach
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OptimasTU Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Joe P. Harris
- Département de chimieUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Luca M. Carrella
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ute Resch‐Genger
- Division BiophotonicsFederal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Reber
- Département de chimieUniversité de Montréal Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Michael Seitz
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center OptimasTU Kaiserslautern Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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22
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Jiménez JR, Doistau B, Cruz CM, Besnard C, Cuerva JM, Campaña AG, Piguet C. Chiral Molecular Ruby [Cr(dqp)2]3+ with Long-Lived Circularly Polarized Luminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13244-13252. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Ramón Jiménez
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Doistau
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Carlos M. Cruz
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Quı́mica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, España
| | - Céline Besnard
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Geneva, 24 Quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Juan M. Cuerva
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Quı́mica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, España
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Unidad de Excelencia de Quı́mica Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, España
| | - Claude Piguet
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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23
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Wang C, Otto S, Dorn M, Heinze K, Resch-Genger U. Luminescent TOP Nanosensors for Simultaneously Measuring Temperature, Oxygen, and pH at a Single Excitation Wavelength. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2337-2344. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, Berlin D-12489, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Sven Otto
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz D-55128, Germany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Matthias Dorn
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz D-55128, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, Berlin D-12489, Germany
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24
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Red-Absorbing Fe(II) Polypyridine Complexes. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is known to be one of the major causes of death nowadays. Among others, chemotherapy with cisplatin is a commonly used treatment. Although widely employed, cisplatin is known to cause severe side effects, such as nerve and kidney damage, nausea, vomiting, and bone marrow suppression. Most importantly, a number of cancer tumors are acquiring resistance to cisplatin, limiting its clinical use. There is therefore a need for the discovery of novel anticancer agents. Complementary to chemotherapy, Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has expanded the range of treatment opportunities of numerous kinds of cancer. Nonetheless, the currently approved PDT photosensitizers (PSs) suffer from major drawbacks, which include poor water solubility or photobleaching, in addition to a slow clearance from the body that causes photosensitivity. Due to these limitations, there is a need for the development of new PDT PSs. To overcome these problems, a lot of research groups around the world are currently focusing their attention towards the development of new metal complexes as PDT PSs. However, most synthesized compounds reported so far show limited use due to their poor absorption in the phototherapeutic window. Herein, we report on the preparation and characterization of three Fe(II) polypyridine complexes (4–6) and evaluate their potential as both anticancer agents and PDT PSs. Very importantly, these compounds are stable in human plasma, photostable upon continuous LED irradiation, and absorb in the red region of the spectrum. We could demonstrate that through additional sulfonic acid groups on the polypyridine ligand being used (bphen: 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), the water solubility of the complexes could be highly improved, whereas the photophysical properties did not significantly change. One of these complexes (4) shows interesting toxicity, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range in the dark as well as some phototoxicity upon irradiation at 480 and 540 nm against RPE-1 and HeLa cells.
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25
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Cabrera-González J, Soriano J, Conway-Kenny R, Wang J, Lu Y, Zhao J, Nogués C, Draper SM. Multinuclear Ru(ii) and Ir(iii) decorated tetraphenylporphyrins as efficient PDT agents. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:3287-3296. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel multi-metallic porphyrin complexes were synthesised and evaluated as effective PDT agents against human breast epithelial cells (SKBR-3).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Soriano
- Departament de Biologia Cellular
- Fisiologia i Immunologia
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- E-08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona
- Spain
| | | | - Junsi Wang
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity College Dublin
- College Green
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Yue Lu
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity College Dublin
- College Green
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116012
- P. R. China
| | - Carme Nogués
- Departament de Biologia Cellular
- Fisiologia i Immunologia
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- E-08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Sylvia M. Draper
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity College Dublin
- College Green
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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