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Cooper C, Paul R, Alsaleh A, Washburn S, Rackers W, Kumar S, Nesterov VN, D'Souza F, Vinogradov SA, Wang H. Naphthodithiophene-Fused Porphyrins: Synthesis, Characterization, and Impact of Extended Conjugation on Aromaticity. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302013. [PMID: 37467466 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The fusion of tetrapyrroles with aromatic heterocycles constitutes a useful tool for manipulating their opto-electronic properties. In this work, the synthesis of naphthodithiophene-fused porphyrins was achieved through a Heck reaction-based cascade of steps followed by the Scholl reaction. The naphthodithiophene-fused porphyrins display a unique set of optical and electronic properties. Fusion of the naphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene to porphyrin (F2VTP) leads to a ~20% increase in the fluorescence lifetime, which is accompanied, unexpectedly, by a more than two-fold drop in the emission quantum yield (ϕ=0.018). In contrast, fusion of the isomeric naphtho[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophene to porphyrin (F3VPT) results in a ~1.5-fold increase in the fluorescence quantum yield (ϕ=0.13) with a concomitant ~30 % increase in the fluorescence lifetime. This behavior suggests that fusion of the porphyrin with the naphthodithiopheno-system mainly affects the radiative rate constant in the Q-state deactivation pathway, where the effects of the isomeric naphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene- versus naphtho[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophene-fusion are essentially the opposite. Interestingly, nucleus-independent chemical shifts analysis revealed a considerable difference between the aromaticities of these two isomeric systems. Our results demonstrate that subtle structural differences in the fused components of the porphyrin can be reflected in rather significant differences between the photophysical properties of the resulting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Ros Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ajyal Alsaleh
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Spenser Washburn
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - William Rackers
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Siddhartha Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | | | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Sergei A Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
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2
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Koifman OI, Ageeva TA. Main Strategies for the Synthesis of meso-Arylporphyrins. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9156840 DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022040017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
meso-Arylporphyrins as most accessible tetrapyrrole macroheterocycles have always been the focus of attention from researchers concerned with practically useful properties of these compounds. The first syntheses of meso-arylporphyrins date back to about 90 years ago. Up to now, the yields of these compounds have been improved from 5 to 80%. The present review analyzes different ways and strategies for the synthesis of meso-aryl-substituted porphyrins. The most efficient methods that can be scaled up to an industrial level have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. I. Koifman
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - T. A. Ageeva
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia
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3
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Allu SR, Ravotto L, Troxler T, Vinogradov SA. syn-Diarylphthalimidoporphyrins: Effects of Symmetry Breaking on Two-Photon Absorption and Linear Photophysical Properties. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2977-2988. [PMID: 33822621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aromatically π-extended porphyrins possess exceptionally intense one-photon (1P) and sometimes two-photon (2P) absorption bands, presenting interest for construction of optical imaging probes and photodynamic agents. Here we investigated how breaking the molecular symmetry affects linear and 2PA properties of π-extended porphyrins. First, we developed the synthesis of porphyrins fused with two phthalimide fragments, termed syn-diarylphthalimidoporphyrins (DAPIP). Second, the photophysical properties of H2, Zn, Pd, and Pt DAPIP were measured and compared to those of fully symmetric tetraarylphthalimidoporphyrins (TAPIP). The data were interpreted using DFT/TDDFT calculations and sum-over-states (SOS) formalism. Overall, the picture of 2PA in DAPIP was found to resemble that in centrosymmetric porphyrins, indicating that symmetry breaking, even as significant as by syn-phthalimido-fusion, induces a relatively small perturbation to the porphyrin electronic structure. Collectively, the compact size, versatile synthesis, high 1PA and 2PA cross sections, and bright luminescence make DAPIP valuable chromophores for construction of imaging probes and other bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Rao Allu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Luca Ravotto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Thomas Troxler
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sergei A Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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4
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Kumar S, Webre WA, Stewart C, D'Souza F, Wang H. A Synthetic Approach to β-Functionalized Naphtho[2,3]porphyrins. Org Lett 2020; 22:7078-7082. [PMID: 32898422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A concise synthetic method has been developed to access functionalized naphtho[2,3]porphyrins through combining two sequence reactions involving a Heck-electrocyclization-aromatization sequence and a Wittig-Knovenegal sequence. Using this method, mononaphtho[2,3]porphyrin (NP-1), opp-dinaphtho[2,3]porphyrin (NP-2), and push-pull naphtho[2,3]porphyrin (NP-3) have been prepared. These naphtho[2,3]porphyrins displayed interesting optical and electrochemical properties. Excellent efficiencies of singlet oxygen generation were obtained for these naphtho[2,3]porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Whitney A Webre
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Courtney Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
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5
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Ruppel M, Gazetas LP, Lungerich D, Hampel F, Jux N. Investigations of Low-Symmetrical Tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins Produced by Mixed Condensation Reactions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7781-7792. [PMID: 32408737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Within the past decade, tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins (TATBPs) have gained rising attention due to their potential in various fields of materials science and medicinal chemistry. However, this class of compounds still lacks in structural diversity, especially in the case of low-symmetrical compounds. Herein, mixed condensations were utilized to generate TATBPs with different substituents either in the meso-positions or the periphery of the macrocycle with total yields of 55-58%. The separation of crude mixtures was achieved by feasible chromatographic purification. The influence of symmetry on the electronic properties of TATBPs was studied by optical spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ruppel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lampros-Pascal Gazetas
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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6
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Ruppel M, Lungerich D, Sturm S, Lippert R, Hampel F, Jux N. A Comprehensive Study on Tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins. Chemistry 2020; 26:3287-3296. [PMID: 31846109 PMCID: PMC7154557 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins (TATBPs) show, due to their optoelectronic properties, rising potential as dyes in various fields of physical and biomedical sciences. However, unlike in the case of porphyrins, the potential structural diversity of TATBPs has been explored only to little extent, owed mainly to synthetic hurdles. Herein, we prepared a comprehensive library of 30 TATBPs and investigated their fundamental properties. We elucidated structural properties by X-ray crystallography and found explanations for physical properties such as solubility. Fundamental electronic aspects were studied by optical spectroscopy as well as by electrochemistry and brought in context to the stability of the molecules. Finally, we were able to develop a universal synthetic protocol, utilizing a readily established isoindole synthon, which gives TATBPs in high yields, regardless of the nature of the used arylaldehyde and without meticulous chromatographic purifications steps. This work serves as point of orientation for scientists, that aim to utilize these molecules in materials, nanotechnological, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ruppel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sabrina Sturm
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Bioinorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NuernbergEgerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Rainer Lippert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Bioinorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NuernbergEgerlandstr. 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Frank Hampel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for, Molecular Materials (ICMM)Organic Chemistry IIFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–NuernbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
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7
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Kumar S, Webre W, Schaffner J, Islam SMS, D’Souza F, Wang H. A2 and A2B2 Benzoporphyrins as sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The first example of A2B2 tetrabenzoporphyrin (KW-4) was synthesized, characterized and evaluated as a sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells. UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy revealed red-shifted and broadened absorption spectra of A2B2 tetrabenzoporphyrin as compared with its A2 dibenzo- and A2B2 dibenzoporphyrin analogues, which is a desired feature of dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells. DFT calculations also indicate favorable electron density distribution on the HOMO and LUMO of KW-4. However, the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell based on tetrabenzoporphyrin KW-4 displayed inferior performance than that of the solar cell based on A2 dibenzoporphyrin KW-2. The lower performance of the KW-4 cell was ascribed to two factors: the low lying LUMO energy level leading to less efficient electron injection and the “flat geometry” of the dye on TiO2surface facilitating charge recombination and decreasing dye loading. The investigation of anchoring group effect suggests that the acrylic acid group is a better anchoring group than pentadienyl carboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Whitney Webre
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Jacob Schaffner
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Sheikh M. S. Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Francis D’Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX 76201, USA
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8
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Roussakis E, Ortines RV, Pinsker BL, Mooers CT, Evans CL, Miller LS, Calderón-Colón X. Theranostic biocomposite scaffold membrane. Biomaterials 2019; 212:17-27. [PMID: 31100480 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic wounds affect millions and are associated with billions of dollars in healthcare costs. The use of healing markers, biochemical cues from biocompatible matrices and materials, and their correlation with wound healing has the potential to generate valuable diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic information. In this study, we developed a collagen-dextran oxygen-sensing biocomposite scaffold membrane in which a phosphorescent oxygen sensor was incorporated to monitor physiological oxygen using in vivo phosphorescence imaging in a preclinical mouse model of wound healing. The oxygen-sensing biocomposite scaffold membrane enabled the noninvasive and longitudinal monitoring of oxygenation changes in vivo in an approach compatible with commercially available preclinical in vivo imaging system instruments. This study provides a new and novel capability where a biocomposite material can serve as a biocompatible, biodegradable theranostic platform to promote and assess tissue oxygenation during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Roussakis
- (a)Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Roger V Ortines
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Bret L Pinsker
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Cavin T Mooers
- Research and Exploratory Development Department, The Johns Hopkins University - Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA
| | - Conor L Evans
- (a)Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Xiomara Calderón-Colón
- Research and Exploratory Development Department, The Johns Hopkins University - Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, USA.
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9
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Jean-Gérard L, Vasseur W, Scherninski F, Andrioletti B. Recent advances in the synthesis of [a]-benzo-fused BODIPY fluorophores. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12914-12929. [PMID: 30394483 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06403b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This feature article summarizes the different strategies for the synthesis of [a]-benzo-fused BODIPYs that have been reported in the literature until 2018. These π-extended BODIPYs are promising fluorophores for bio-imaging and organic photovoltaic applications due to both their attractive photophysical properties in the near-infrared area and their higher (photo)chemical stability compared to conventional bis-styryl derivatives. The four main strategies described in this review can be used to access either directly the expected [a]-benzo-fused BODIPYs or through the di-/tetra-hydroisoindole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Jean-Gérard
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA-Lyon, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246, Campus Lyon-Tech la Doua, Bât. Lederer, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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10
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Wu X, Zhao P, Geng X, Zhang J, Gong X, Wu YD, Wu AX. Direct Oxidative Cleavage of Multiple Csp3–H Bonds and a C–C Bond in 2-(Pyridin-2-yl)acetate Derivatives: Formal [3 + 1 + 1] Synthesis of 3-(Pyridin-2-yl)indolizine Skeletons. Org Lett 2017; 19:3319-3322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Geng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yan-dong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - An-xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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11
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Abstract
In 1960, MacDonald and coworkers introduced a new method for porphyrin synthesis that involved the acid-catalyzed condensation of dipyrrylmethane dialdehydes with [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]-diunsubstituted dipyrrylmethanes or the related dicarboxylic acids, followed by an air oxidation. The key bond forming steps entail electrophilic substitution at two pyrrole units with the aldehyde moieties to generate, following elimination of water, a 5,15-dihydroporphyrin or porphodimethene intermediate. Following addition of sodium acetate, or in later procedures zinc acetate, the dihydroporphyrins readily air oxidize to the fully aromatic porphyrin system. This strategy, which parallels chemistry contemporaneously developed by R. B. Woodward at Harvard for the total synthesis of chlorophyll [Formula: see text], demonstrated that dipyrrylmethanes were sufficiently stable to be utilized as intermediates in porphyrin syntheses and that porphodimethene formation circumvented acidolytic scrambling reactions that might lead to isomeric porphyrin products. This type of chemistry was later adapted by Johnson, Woodward and others to prepare porphyrin-type systems by a “3 + 1” strategy, or expanded porphyrins by “3 + 2” or other combinations of oligopyrrolic precursors. In recent years, the term “MacDonald condensation” has been increasingly used to describe other types of chemistry involving oligopyrrolic intermediates. Following on from a historical review of this area, guidelines for the identification of MacDonald-type reactions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, USA
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12
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Racine S, Hegedüs B, Scopelliti R, Waser J. Divergent Reactivity of Thioalkynes in Lewis Acid Catalyzed Annulations with Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Chemistry 2016; 22:11997-2001. [PMID: 27431096 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Efficient methods for the convergent synthesis of (poly)cyclic scaffolds are urgently needed in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we describe new annulation reactions of thioalkynes with phthalimide-substituted donor-acceptor cyclopropanes, which gave access to highly substituted cyclopentenes and polycyclic ring systems. With silyl-thioalkynes, the Lewis acid catalyzed [3+2] annulation reaction with donor-acceptor cyclopropanes took place to afford 1-thio-cyclopenten-3-amines. On the other hand, an unprecedented polycyclic compound was formed with alkyl-thioalkynes through a reaction pathway directly involving the phthalimide group. The two transformations proceeded in good yields and tolerated a large variety of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Racine
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bence Hegedüs
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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13
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Andrianov DS, Levitskiy OA, Rybakov VB, Magdesieva TV, Cheprakov AV. Metal complexes of diaryltetrabenzodiazaporphyrins. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleg A. Levitskiy
- Department of Chemistry; Moscow State University; 11999 Moscow Russia
| | - Victor B. Rybakov
- Department of Chemistry; Moscow State University; 11999 Moscow Russia
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14
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Luo P, Karsenti PL, Brisard G, Marsan B, Harvey PD. Ultrafast Electron Transfers in Organometallic Supramolecular Assemblies Built with a NIR-Fluorescent Tetrabenzoporphyrine Dye and the Unsaturated Cluster Pd3(dppm)3(CO)2+. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luo
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | | | - Gessie Brisard
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Benoit Marsan
- Département
de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Pierre D. Harvey
- Département
de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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15
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Luo P, Karsenti PL, Brisard G, Marsan B, Harvey PD. Electron-Transfer Kinetics within Supramolecular Assemblies of Donor Tetrapyrrolytic Dyes and an Acceptor Palladium Cluster. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:1894-904. [PMID: 26812277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
9,18,27,36-Tetrakis[meso-(4-carboxyphenyl)]tetrabenzoporphyrinatozinc(II) (TCPBP, as a sodium salt) was prepared in order to compare its photoinduced electron-transfer behavior toward unsaturated cluster Pd3(dppm)3(CO)(2+) ([Pd3(2+)]; dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2 as a PF6(-) salt) with that of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[meso-(4-carboxyphenyl)]porphyrinatozinc(II) (TCPP) in nonluminescent assemblies of the type dye···[Pd3(2+)]x (x = 0-4; dye = TCPP and TCPBP) using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Binding constants extracted from UV-vis titration methods are the same as those extracted from fluorescence quenching measurements (static model), and both indicate that the TCPBP···[Pd3(2+)]x assemblies (K14 = 36000 M(-1)) are slightly more stable than those for TCPP···[Pd3(2+)]x (K14 = 27000 M(-1)). Density functional theory computations (B3LYP) corroborate this finding because the average ionic Pd···O distance is shorter in the TCPBP···[Pd3(2+)] assembly compared to that for TCPP···[Pd3(2+)]. Despite the difference in the binding constants and excited-state driving forces for the photoinduced electron transfer in dye*···[Pd3(2+)] → dye(•+)···[Pd3(•+)], the time scale for this process is ultrafast in both cases (<85 fs). The time scales for the back electron transfers (dye(•+)···[Pd3(•+)] → dye···[Pd3(2+)]) occurring in the various observed species (dye···[Pd3(2+)]x; x = 0-4) are the same for both series of assemblies. It is concluded that the structural modification on going from porphyrin to tetrabenzoporphyrin does not greatly affect the kinetic behavior in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luo
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Paul-Ludovic Karsenti
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Gessie Brisard
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Benoit Marsan
- Département de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal , Montréal, Quebec H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Pierre D Harvey
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
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16
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Roussakis E, Li Z, Nowell NH, Nichols AJ, Evans CL. Bright, "Clickable" Porphyrins for the Visualization of Oxygenation under Ambient Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14728-31. [PMID: 26510549 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new group of "clickable" and brightly emissive metalloporphyrins has been developed for the visualization of oxygenation under ambient light with the naked eye. These alkynyl-terminated compounds permit the rapid and facile synthesis of oxygen-sensing dendrimers through azide-alkyne click chemistry. With absorption maxima overlapping with the wavelengths of common commercial laser sources, they are readily applicable to biomedical imaging of tissue oxygenation. An efficient synthetic methodology, featuring the stable trimethylacetyl (pivaloyl) protecting group, is described for their preparation. A paint-on liquid bandage containing a new, click-synthesized porphyrin dendrimer has been used to map oxygenation across an ex vivo porcine skin burn model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Roussakis
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, CNY 149-3210, 13thStreet, Charlestown, MA 02129 (USA)
| | - Zongxi Li
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, CNY 149-3210, 13thStreet, Charlestown, MA 02129 (USA)
| | - Nicholas H Nowell
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, CNY 149-3210, 13thStreet, Charlestown, MA 02129 (USA)
| | - Alexander J Nichols
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, CNY 149-3210, 13thStreet, Charlestown, MA 02129 (USA).,Harvard University Program in Biophysics, Building C2, Room 112, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 (USA).,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue E25-519, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, CNY 149-3210, 13thStreet, Charlestown, MA 02129 (USA). .,Harvard University Program in Biophysics, Building C2, Room 112, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 (USA).
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17
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Roussakis E, Li Z, Nowell NH, Nichols AJ, Evans CL. Bright, “Clickable” Porphyrins for the Visualization of Oxygenation under Ambient Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Roussakis
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, CNY 149‐3210, 13thStreet, Charlestown, MA 02129 (USA)
| | - Zongxi Li
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, CNY 149‐3210, 13thStreet, Charlestown, MA 02129 (USA)
| | - Nicholas H. Nowell
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, CNY 149‐3210, 13thStreet, Charlestown, MA 02129 (USA)
| | - Alexander J. Nichols
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, CNY 149‐3210, 13thStreet, Charlestown, MA 02129 (USA)
- Harvard University Program in Biophysics, Building C2, Room 112, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 (USA)
- Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue E25‐519, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Conor L. Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, CNY 149‐3210, 13thStreet, Charlestown, MA 02129 (USA)
- Harvard University Program in Biophysics, Building C2, Room 112, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 (USA)
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18
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Uno H, Nakamura M, Jodai K, Mori S, Okujima T. 4,8-Dihydropyrrol[3,4-f]isoindole as a Useful Building Block for Near-Infrared Dyes. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-s(k)91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Filatov MA, Heinrich E, Landfester K, Baluschev S. meso-Tetraphenylporphyrin with a pi-system extended by fusion with anthraquinone. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:6977-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00884k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fusion of a porphyrin with anthraquinone through the synthesis of a suitably substituted pyrrole that can be cyclotetramerized and the optical properties of the resulting molecular system are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Filatov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Institute of Polymers
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
| | | | | | - Stanislav Baluschev
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- D-55128 Mainz
- Germany
- Optics and Spectroscopy Department
- Faculty of Physics
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20
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Tree-Udom T, Thamyongkit P, Wiratkasem N, Chanchao C, Palaga T, Insin N, Rengpipat S, Pienpinijtham P, Wanichwecharungruang S. Harmonization of upconverting nanocrystals and photosensitizer for antimicrobial application. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective anti-P. acnesusing near infrared light is made possible by perfecting the matching between absorption wavelengths of the loaded photosensitizer and emission wavelengths of the upconverting nanoparticles with high UVA/visible emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapakorn Tree-Udom
- Nanoscience and Technology Program
- Graduate School
- Chulalongkorn University
- Thailand
| | | | | | - Chanpen Chanchao
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Thailand
| | - Numpon Insin
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Thailand
| | - Sirirat Rengpipat
- Department of Microbiology
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Thailand
| | | | - Supason Wanichwecharungruang
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Thailand
- Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture
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21
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Esipova T, Vinogradov SA. Synthesis of phosphorescent asymmetrically π-extended porphyrins for two-photon applications. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8812-25. [PMID: 25157580 PMCID: PMC4168792 DOI: 10.1021/jo501521x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significant effort has been directed in recent years toward porphyrins with enhanced two-photon absorption (2PA). However, the properties of their triplet states, which are central to many applications, have rarely been examined in parallel. Here we report the synthesis of asymmetrically π-extended platinum(II) and palladium(II) porphyrins, whose 2PA into single-photon-absorbing states is enhanced as a result of the broken center-of-inversion symmetry and whose triplet states can be monitored by room-temperature phosphorescence. 5,15-Diaryl-syn-dibenzoporphyrins (DBPs) and syn-dinaphthoporphyrins (DNPs) were synthesized by [2 + 2] condensation of the corresponding dipyrromethanes and subsequent oxidative aromatization. Butoxycarbonyl groups on the meso-aryl rings render these porphyrins well-soluble in a range of organic solvents, while 5,15-meso-aryl substitution causes minimal nonplanar distortion of the macrocycle, ensuring high triplet emissivity. A syn-DBP bearing four alkoxycarbonyl groups in the benzo rings and possessing a large static dipole moment was also synthesized. Photophysical properties (2PA brightness and phosphorescence quantum yields and lifetimes) of the new porphyrins were measured, and their ground-state structures were determined by DFT calculations and/or X-ray analysis. The developed synthetic methods should facilitate the construction of π-extended porphyrins for applications requiring high two-photon triplet action cross sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana
V. Esipova
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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22
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Roznyatovskiy VV, Carmieli R, Dyar SM, Brown KE, Wasielewski MR. Photodriven Charge Separation and Transport in Self-Assembled Zinc Tetrabenzotetraphenylporphyrin and Perylenediimide Charge Conduits. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Roznyatovskiy VV, Carmieli R, Dyar SM, Brown KE, Wasielewski MR. Photodriven Charge Separation and Transport in Self-Assembled Zinc Tetrabenzotetraphenylporphyrin and Perylenediimide Charge Conduits. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3457-61. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Galanin NE, Shaposhnikov GP, Koifman OI. Methods for synthesis of meso-substituted tetrabenzoporphyrins. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2013v082n05abeh004317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Carvalho CMB, Santos SM, Neves MGPMS, Tomé AC, Silva AMS, Rocha J, Cavaleiro JAS. meso-Tetraphenylbenzoporphyrin-2(2),2(3)-dicarboxylic anhydride: a platform to benzoporphyrin derivatives. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6622-31. [PMID: 23755962 DOI: 10.1021/jo400948s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A method to synthesize meso-tetraphenylbenzoporphyrin-2(2),2(3)-dicarboxylic anhydride is reported. This compound reacts with alkylamines and arylamines to afford the corresponding "phthalimides" in moderate to excellent yields. The reaction of the title compound with benzene-1,4-diamine or with benzene-1,3-diamine yields the corresponding N,N'-(phenylene)bisphthalimides, whereas with benzene-1,2-diamine or naphthalene-1,8-diamine it affords heterocyclic-fused porphyrins. Molecular mechanics simulations elucidates the multiplicity of signals observed in the NMR spectra of the N,N'-(1,4-phenylene)bisphthalimide 11. This molecule exhibits two preferential conformations corresponding to a coplanar and an almost perpendicular arrangement of the benzoporphyrin units relative to the central benzenic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M B Carvalho
- Department of Chemistry, QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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26
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Carvalho CMB, Brocksom TJ, de Oliveira KT. Tetrabenzoporphyrins: synthetic developments and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:3302-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35500d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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27
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Uppal T, Hu X, Fronczek FR, Maschek S, Bobadova-Parvanova P, Vicente MGH. Synthesis, Computational Modeling, and Properties of Benzo-Appended BODIPYs. Chemistry 2012; 18:3893-905. [PMID: 22367756 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timsy Uppal
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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28
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Cheprakov AV, Filatov MA. The dihydroisoindole approach to linearly annelated π-extended porphyrins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The dihydroisoindole strategy for the synthesis of linearly annelated π-extended porphyrins is a common approach to tetrabenzo-, tetranaphtho-, and tetraanthraporphyrins with variable functionality and substitution patterns. This method implies the use of a common type of precursors involving the 4,7-dihydroisoindole moiety, which are the closest possible stable relatives of the unstable isoindole, benzoisoindole and naphthoisoindole. A key feature of this strategy is the unprecedented mildness of the final oxidative aromatization step, which accounts for synthetic versatility, better functional group tolerance and high purity of the products. Many new linearly annelated π-extended porphyrins of the tetrabenzo-, tetranaphtho-, and tetraanthraporphyrin families were produced and characterized for the first time, including soluble planar and highly emissive 5,15-diaryl derivatives. The double bond of the dihydroisoindole fragment can also be useful for further modification of the porphyrin by means of addition of cycloaddition reactions, leading to new, previously inaccessible porphyins bearing multiple halide, hydroxy, or acetoxy groups at the periphery.
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29
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Abstract
Calix[4]pyrroles have attracted considerable attention within the macrocyclic, supramolecular, and porphyrin analog communities due to their ability to act as simple-to-synthesize receptors for common anions, such as chloride and fluoride. Reported here is what we believe is a new, potentially generalizable route to fully β-alkyl substituted calixpyrroles. These products are accessible from the starting pyrrolic esters, and are obtained via simple reaction with CH 3 Li , followed by subsequent quenching with HCl in ether. A representative system has been characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. The present route allows access to calix[4]pyrroles bearing functionality, such as double bonds, off the so-called C-rim; such systems are of interest because they could allow for further synthetic elaborations and permit incorporation of calix[4]pyrroles into more complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station-A5300, Austin, TX 78712-0165, USA
| | - Vladimir V. Roznyatovskiy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station-A5300, Austin, TX 78712-0165, USA
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station-A5300, Austin, TX 78712-0165, USA
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30
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The synthesis of new tetrabenzo- and tetranaphthoporphyrins via the addition reactions of 4,7-dihydroisoindole. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Cammidge AN, Chambrier I, Cook MJ, Hughes DL, Rahman M, Sosa‐Vargas L. Phthalocyanine Analogues: Unexpectedly Facile Access to Non‐Peripherally Substituted Octaalkyl Tetrabenzotriazaporphyrins, Tetrabenzodiazaporphyrins, Tetrabenzomonoazaporphyrins and Tetrabenzoporphyrins. Chemistry 2011; 17:3136-46. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael J. Cook
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ (UK)
| | - David L. Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ (UK)
| | - Muhibur Rahman
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ (UK)
| | - Lydia Sosa‐Vargas
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ (UK)
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32
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Filatov MA, Lebedev AY, Mukhin SN, Vinogradov SA, Cheprakov AV. Pi-extended dipyrrins capable of highly fluorogenic complexation with metal ions. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:9552-4. [PMID: 20583759 PMCID: PMC2916646 DOI: 10.1021/ja102852v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of a new family of pi-extended dipyrrins capable of forming brightly fluorescent complexes with metal ions are reported. The metal complexes possess tunable spectral bands and exhibit different emission properties depending on the mode of metal coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artem Y. Lebedev
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sergei N. Mukhin
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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33
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Gulevich AV, Zhdanko AG, Orru RVA, Nenajdenko VG. Isocyanoacetate Derivatives: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Application. Chem Rev 2010; 110:5235-331. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900411f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton V. Gulevich
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander G. Zhdanko
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valentine G. Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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34
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Back TG, Clary KN, Gao D. Cycloadditions and Cyclizations of Acetylenic, Allenic, and Conjugated Dienyl Sulfones. Chem Rev 2010; 110:4498-553. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Back
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kristen N. Clary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Detian Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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35
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Deshpande R, Jiang L, Schmidt G, Rakovan J, Wang X, Wheeler K, Wang H. A Concise Approach to the Synthesis of opp-Dibenzoporphyrins through the Heck Reaction. Org Lett 2009; 11:4251-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901615f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Deshpande
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6475, and Department of Chemistry, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Avenue, Charleston, Illinois 61920
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6475, and Department of Chemistry, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Avenue, Charleston, Illinois 61920
| | - Gregory Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6475, and Department of Chemistry, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Avenue, Charleston, Illinois 61920
| | - John Rakovan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6475, and Department of Chemistry, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Avenue, Charleston, Illinois 61920
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6475, and Department of Chemistry, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Avenue, Charleston, Illinois 61920
| | - Kraig Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6475, and Department of Chemistry, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Avenue, Charleston, Illinois 61920
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, Neutron Scattering Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6475, and Department of Chemistry, Eastern Illinois University, 600 Lincoln Avenue, Charleston, Illinois 61920
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36
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Galanin NE, Yakubov LA, Shaposhnikov GP. Synthesis and properties of [4-(triphenylmethyl)phenoxy]acetic and 3-[4-(triphenylmethyl)phenoxy]propionic acids and their condensation with phthalimide leading to meso-substituted tetrabenzoporphyrins. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428009070070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Towards the IR Limit of the Triplet-Triplet Annihilation-Supported Up-Conversion: Tetraanthraporphyrin. Chemistry 2008; 14:9846-50. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Aleshchenkov SE, Cheprakov AV, Beletskaya IP. Tetraanthra[2,3-b,g,l,q]porphyrin. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500808090036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lebedev AY, Filatov MA, Cheprakov AV, Vinogradov SA. Effects of structural deformations on optical properties of tetrabenzoporphyrins: free-bases and Pd complexes. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:7723-33. [PMID: 18665576 PMCID: PMC2678055 DOI: 10.1021/jp8043626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A recently developed method of synthesis of pi-extended porphyrins made it possible to prepare a series of tetrabenzoporphyrins (TBP) with different numbers of meso-aryl substituents. The photophysical parameters of free-bases and Pd complexes of meso-unsubstituted TBP's, 5,15-diaryl-TBP's (Ar2TBP's) and 5,10,15,20-tetraaryl-TBP's (Ar4TBP's) were measured. For comparison, similarly meso-arylsubstituted porphyrins fused with nonaromatic cyclohexeno-rings, i.e. Ar(n)-tetracyclohexenoporphyrins (Ar(n)TCHP's, n = 0, 2, 4), were also synthesized and studied. Structural information was obtained by ab initio (DFT) calculations and X-ray crystallography. It was found that: 1) Free-base Ar4TBP's are strongly distorted out-of-plane (saddled), possess broadened, red-shifted spectra, short excited-state lifetimes and low fluorescence quantum yields (tau(fl) = 2-3 ns, phi(fl) = 0.02-0.03). These features are characteristic of other nonplanar free-base porphyrins, including Ar4TCHP's. 2) Ar2TBP free-bases possess completely planar geometries, although with significant in-plane deformations. These deformations have practically no effect on the singlet excited-state properties of Ar2TBP's as compared to planar meso-unsubstituted TBP's. Both types of porphyrins retain strong fluorescence (tau(fl) = 10-12 ns, phi(fl) = 0.3-0.4), and their radiative rate constants (k(r)) are 3-4 times higher than those of planar H2TCHP's. 3) Nonplanar deformations dramatically enhance nonradiative decay of triplet states of regular Pd porphyrins. For example, planar PdTCHP phosphoresces with high quantum yield (phi(phos) = 0.45, tau(phos) = 1118 micros), while saddled PdPh4TCHP is practically nonemissive. In contrast, both ruffled and saddled PdAr(n)TBP's retain strong phosphorescence at ambient temperatures (PdPh2TBP: tau(phos) = 496 micros, phi(phos) = 0.15; PdPh4TBP: tau(phos) = 258 micros, phi(phos) = 0.08). It appears that pi-extension is capable of counterbalancing deleterious effects of nonplanar deformations on triplet emissivity of Pd porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Y. Lebedev
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UniVersity of PennsylVania, Philadelphia, PennsylVania 19104
| | | | | | - Sergei A. Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, UniVersity of PennsylVania, Philadelphia, PennsylVania 19104
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Filatov MA, Lebedev AY, Vinogradov SA, Cheprakov AV. Synthesis of 5,15-diaryltetrabenzoporphyrins. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4175-85. [PMID: 18452337 PMCID: PMC2491715 DOI: 10.1021/jo800509k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A general method of synthesis of 5,15-diaryltetrabenzoporphyrins (Ar 2TBPs) has been developed, based on 2 + 2 condensation of dipyrromethanes followed by oxidative aromatization. Two pathways to Ar 2TBPs were investigated: the tetrahydroisoindole pathway and the dihydroisoindole pathway. In the tetrahydroisoindole pathway, precursor 5,15-diaryltetracyclohexenoporphyrins (5,15-Ar 2TCHPs) were assembled from cyclohexeno-fused meso-unsubstituted dipyrromethanes and aromatic aldehydes or, alternatively, by way of the classical MacDonald synthesis. In the first case, scrambling was observed. Aromatization by tetracyclone was more effective than aromatization by DDQ but failed in the cases of porphyrins with electron-withdrawing substituents in the meso-aryl rings. The dihydroisoindole pathway was found to be much superior to the tetrahydroisoindole pathway, and it was developed into a general preparative method, consisting of (1) the synthesis of 4,7-dihydroisoindole and its transformation into meso-unsubstituted dipyrromethanes, (2) the synthesis of 5,15-diaryloctahydrotetrabenzoporphyrins (5,15-Ar 2OHTBPs), and (3) their subsequent aromatization by DDQ. Ar 2TBP free bases exhibit optical absorption spectra similar to those of meso-unsubstituted tetrabenzoporphyrins and fluoresce with high quantum yields. Pd complex of Ph 2TBP was found to be highly phosphorescent at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A Filatov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia
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Ono N. Barton-Zard Pyrrole Synthesis and Its Application to Synthesis of Porphyrins, Polypyrroles, and Dipyrromethene Dyes. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-07-622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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