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Monopoli A, Ventura G, Aloia A, Ciriaco F, Nacci A, Cataldi TRI, Calvano CD. Synthesis and Investigation of Novel CHCA-Derived Matrices for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Lipids. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082565. [PMID: 35458772 PMCID: PMC9028824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A significant area of study and upgrading for increasing sensitivity and general performances of matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is related to matrix design. Several efforts have been made to address the challenge of low-mass-region interference-free for metabolomics analysis and specifically for lipidomics. To this aim, rationally designed matrices as 4-chloro-α-cyanocinnamic acid (ClCCA) were introduced and reported to provide enhanced analytical performances. We have taken this rational design one step further by developing and optimizing new MALDI matrices with a range of modifications on the CHCA core, involving different functionalities and substituents. Of particular interest was the understanding of the electron-withdrawing (e.g., nitro-) or donating (e.g., methoxy-) effects along with the extent of conjugation on the ionization efficiency. In the present work, ten matrices were designed on a reasonable basis, synthesized, and characterized by NMR and UV spectroscopies and laser desorption ionization. With the assistance of these putative MALDI matrices, samples containing phospholipids (PL), and neutral di-/tri-acylglycerols (DAG, TAG) were investigated using milk, fish, blood, and human plasma extracts. In comparison with CHCA and ClCCA, four of them, viz. [(2E,4E)-2-cyano-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid] (1), [(2E,4E)-2-cyano-5-(4-nitrophenyl)penta-2,4-dienoic acid] (2), [(E)-2-cyano-3-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)acrylic acid] (6) and [(E)-2-cyano-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)acrylic acid] (7) displayed good to even excellent performances as MALDI matrices in terms of ionization capability, interference-free spectra, S/N ratio, and reproducibility. Especially compound 7 (cyano naphthyl acrylic acid, CNAA) was the election matrix for PL analysis and matrix 2 (cyano nitrophenyl dienoic acid, CNDA) for neutral lipids such as DAG and TAG in positive ion mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Monopoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.V.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.N.); (T.R.I.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (C.D.C.); Tel.: +39-080-5443589 (A.M.); +39-080-5442018 (C.D.C.); Fax: +39-080-5442026 (A.M. & C.D.C.)
| | - Giovanni Ventura
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.V.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.N.); (T.R.I.C.)
| | - Andrea Aloia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.V.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.N.); (T.R.I.C.)
| | - Fulvio Ciriaco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.V.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.N.); (T.R.I.C.)
| | - Angelo Nacci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.V.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.N.); (T.R.I.C.)
- CNR—Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), Bari Section, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso R. I. Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.V.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.N.); (T.R.I.C.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca S.M.A.R.T., Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosima D. Calvano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (G.V.); (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.N.); (T.R.I.C.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca S.M.A.R.T., Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (C.D.C.); Tel.: +39-080-5443589 (A.M.); +39-080-5442018 (C.D.C.); Fax: +39-080-5442026 (A.M. & C.D.C.)
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Dinodia M. Ionic Liquids: Environment-Friendly Greener Solvents for Organic Synthesis. Curr Org Synth 2022; 19:COS-EPUB-120059. [PMID: 34994314 DOI: 10.2174/1570179419666220107160725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Constituted by ions, ionic liquids (ILs) are evolving as greener solvents for many organic syntheses. Due to their high solvent power and low volatility, ionic liquids are serving as an environment-friendly substitute to conventional volatile organic solvents. The present review introduces ionic liquids as an insight into the diverse recent applications of ILs in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dinodia
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Abstract
Quinoxalines are observed in several bioactive molecules and have been widely employed in designing molecules for DSSC's, optoelectronics, and sensing applications. Therefore, developing newer synthetic routes as well as novel ways for their functionalization is apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauravi Yashwantrao
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
| | - Satyajit Saha
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
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Monopoli A, Nacci A, Cataldi TRI, Calvano CD. Synthesis and Matrix Properties of α-Cyano-5-phenyl-2,4-pentadienic Acid (CPPA) for Intact Proteins Analysis by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246054. [PMID: 33371472 PMCID: PMC7767571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of a synthesized matrix, α-cyano-5-phenyl-2,4-pentadienic acid (CPPA), for protein analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in complex samples such as foodstuff and bacterial extracts, is demonstrated. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption along with laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) experiments were systematically conducted in positive ion mode under standard Nd:YLF laser excitation with the aim of characterizing the matrix in terms of wavelength absorption and proton affinity. Besides, the results for standard proteins revealed that CPPA significantly enhanced the protein signals, reduced the spot-to-spot variability and increased the spot homogeneity. The CPPA matrix was successful employed to investigate intact microorganisms, milk and seed extracts for protein profiling. Compared to conventional matrices such as sinapinic acid (SA), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) and 4-chloro-α-cyanocinnamic acid (CClCA), CPPA exhibited better signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios and a uniform response for most examined proteins occurring in milk, hazelnut and in intact bacterial cells of E. coli. These findings not only provide a reactive proton transfer MALDI matrix with excellent reproducibility and sensitivity, but also contribute to extending the battery of useful matrices for intact protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Monopoli
- Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli, Ufficio delle Dogane di Bari, Corso De Tullio, 70122 Bari, Italy;
| | - Angelo Nacci
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.N.); (T.R.I.C.)
| | - Tommaso R. I. Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.N.); (T.R.I.C.)
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca S.M.A.R.T., 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosima D. Calvano
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca S.M.A.R.T., 70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Soltani Rad MN. Highly efficient transition metal-free coupling of acid chlorides with terminal alkynes in [bmim]Br: A rapid route to access ynones using MgCl 2. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Iannone F, Casiello M, Monopoli A, Cotugno P, Sportelli MC, Picca RA, Cioffi N, Dell’Anna MM, Nacci A. Ionic liquids/ZnO nanoparticles as recyclable catalyst for polycarbonate depolymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lombardi C, Mitchell D, Rodriguez MJ, Organ MG. Pd-PEPPSI-IPentCl-Catalyzed Amination Using Aminotriphenylsilane as an Ammonia Surrogate. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lombardi
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street M3J 1P3 Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - David Mitchell
- Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of; Eli Lilly and Company; 46285 Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Michael J. Rodriguez
- Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of; Eli Lilly and Company; 46285 Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Michael G. Organ
- Department of Chemistry; York University; 4700 Keele Street M3J 1P3 Toronto Ontario Canada
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation (CCRI) and Department of Chemistry; University of Ottawa; K1N 6N5 Ottawa Ontario Canada
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Castillo JC, Orrego-Hernández J, Portilla J. Cs2CO3-Promoted DirectN-Alkylation: Highly Chemoselective Synthesis ofN-Alkylated Benzylamines and Anilines. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Castillo
- Departamento de Química; Universidad de los Andes; Carrera 1 N° 18A-12 Bogotá Colombia
| | | | - Jaime Portilla
- Departamento de Química; Universidad de los Andes; Carrera 1 N° 18A-12 Bogotá Colombia
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Mao F, Sui D, Qi Z, Fan H, Chen R, Huang J. Heterogeneous cobalt catalysts for reductive amination with H2: general synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21415k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous Co@NC catalysts were prepared, characterized and applied for the general synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines by Co-catalyzed reductive amination with H2 gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Dejun Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Zhengliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Haipeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Rizhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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Mechanisms of water-promoted aryl azide conversion into N-alkylated aniline: Two competitive pathways. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Demir S, Damarhan Y, Özdemir İ. Functionalized ionic liquids based on imidazolium cation: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity for N-alkylation reaction. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Highly efficient protocol for one-pot N-alkylation of nucleobases using alcohols in bmim[Br]: a rapid route to access acyclic nucleosides. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Monopoli A, Cotugno P, Iannone F, Ciminale F, Dell'Anna MM, Mastrorilli P, Nacci A. Ionic-Liquid-Assisted Metal-Free Oxidative Coupling of Amines To Give Imines. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wang J, Li P, Shen Q, Song G. Concise synthesis of aromatic tertiary amines via a double Petasis–borono Mannich reaction of aromatic amines, formaldehyde, and organoboronic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vidal-Albalat A, Rodríguez S, González FV. Nitroepoxides as Versatile Precursors to 1,4-Diamino Heterocycles. Org Lett 2014; 16:1752-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500444z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Vidal-Albalat
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Santiago Rodríguez
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - Florenci V. González
- Departament de Química
Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
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Wei Z, Li J, Wang N, Zhang Q, Shi D, Sun K. Solvent-free and direct C(sp3)–H amination of adamantanes by grinding. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Cotugno P, Casiello M, Nacci A, Mastrorilli P, Dell’Anna MM, Monopoli A. Suzuki coupling of iodo and bromoarenes catalyzed by chitosan-supported Pd-nanoparticles in ionic liquids. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Calvano CD, De Ceglie C, Zambonin CG. Proteomic analysis of complex protein samples by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1129:365-380. [PMID: 24648088 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-977-2_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
MALDI MS has become a technique of considerable impact on many fields, from proteomics to lipidomics, including polymer analysis and, more recently, even low molecular weight analytes due to the introduction of matrix-less ionization techniques (e.g., DIOS) or new matrices such as ionic liquids, proton sponges, and metal nanoparticles. However, protein identification by peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) still remains the main routine application. In the last few years, MALDI MS has played an emerging role in food chemistry especially in detection of food adulterations, characterization of food allergens, and investigation of protein structural modifications, induced by various industrial processes that could be detrimental for food quality and safety. Sample handling and pretreatment can be very different depending on the physical state, liquid or solid, of the analyzed matrices. Here, we describe simple protocols for protein extraction and MALDI MS analysis of liquid (milk) and solid (hazelnuts) samples taken as model. A classic approach based on a preliminary SDS gel electrophoresis separation followed by in-gel digestion and a faster approach based on in-solution digestion of whole samples are described and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Damiana Calvano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Via Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy,
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Calvano CD, Monopoli A, Loizzo P, Faccia M, Zambonin C. Proteomic approach based on MALDI-TOF MS to detect powdered milk in fresh cow's milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:1609-1617. [PMID: 22931122 DOI: 10.1021/jf302999s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Milk and cheese are expensive foodstuffs, and their consumption is spread among the population because of their high nutritional value; for this reason they are often subjected to adulterations. Among the common illegal practices, the addition of powdered derivatives seems very difficult to detect because the adulterant materials have almost the same chemical composition of liquid milk. However, the high temperatures (180-200 °C) used for milk powder production could imply the occurrence of some protein modifications (e.g., glycation, lactosylation, oxidation, deamidation, dehydration). The modified proteins or peptides could then be used as markers for the presence of powdered milk. In this work, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was employed to analyze tryptic digests relevant to samples of raw liquid (without heat treatment), commercial liquid, and powdered cow's milk. Samples were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE); differences among liquid and powder milk were detected at this stage and eventually confirmed by MALDI analysis of the in gel digested proteins. Some diagnostic peptides of powdered milk, attributed to modified whey proteins and/or caseins, were identified. Then, a faster procedure was optimized, consisting of the separation of caseins from milk whey and the subsequent in-solution digestion of the two fractions, with the advantage of obtaining almost the same information in a limited amount of time. Finally, analyses were carried out with the fast procedure on liquid milk samples adulterated with powdered milk at different percentages, and diagnostic peptides were detected down to 1% of adulteration level.
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MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric determination of intact phospholipids as markers of illegal bovine milk adulteration of high-quality milk. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:1641-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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