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Frabitore C, Lépeule J, Livinghouse T. Copper(I)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of 1-Bromoalkynes with N-Heterocyclic Organozinc Reagents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144561. [PMID: 35889434 PMCID: PMC9315687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocycles represent the majority of FDA-approved small-molecule pharmaceuticals. Herein, we describe a synthetic method to produce saturated N-heterocyclic drug scaffolds with an internal alkyne for elaboration. The treatment of N,N-dimethylhydrazinoalkenes with Et2Zn, followed by a Cu(I)-catalyzed cross-coupling with 1-bromoalkynes, results in piperidines and pyrrolidines with a good yield. Five examples are reported and a proposed mechanism for the Cu(I)-catalyzed cross-coupling is presented.
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2
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Imamura Y, Mizutani H, Nakada M. Construction of Successive Stereogenic Centers of ent-Kauranoid via Oxidative Dearomatization/1,2-Shift Cascade. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1855-3777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Construction of successive stereogenic centers including an all-carbon quaternary stereogenic center of ent-kauranoid via oxidative dearomatization/1,2-shift cascade is described. The developed cascade reaction of a substrate bearing a trans-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)vinyl group as the migrating group afforded the desired product in 83% yield. The 1,2-shift in the cascade is strongly affected by the stereoelectronic effect. X-ray crystal structure of a compound bearing four successive stereogenic centers in the fused ring moiety of ent-kauranoid diterepene, which was prepared by the oxidative dearomatization/1,2-shift cascade and subsequent stereoselective transformations, is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Imamura
- Depatment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Mizutani
- Depatment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahisa Nakada
- Depatment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Charboneau DJ, Barth EL, Hazari N, Uehling MR, Zultanski SL. A Widely Applicable Dual Catalytic System for Cross-Electrophile Coupling Enabled by Mechanistic Studies. ACS Catal 2020; 10:12642-12656. [PMID: 33628617 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A dual catalytic system for cross-electrophile coupling reactions between aryl halides and alkyl halides that features a Ni catalyst, a Co cocatalyst, and a mild homogeneous reductant is described. Mechanistic studies indicate that the Ni catalyst activates the aryl halide, while the Co cocatalyst activates the alkyl halide. This allows the system to be rationally optimized for a variety of substrate classes by simply modifying the loadings of the Ni and Co catalysts based on the reaction product profile. For example, the coupling of aryl bromides and aryl iodides with alkyl bromides, alkyl iodides, and benzyl chlorides is demonstrated using the same Ni and Co catalysts under similar reaction conditions but with different optimal catalyst loadings in each case. Our system is tolerant of numerous functional groups and is capable of coupling heteroaryl halides, di-ortho-substituted aryl halides, pharmaceutically relevant druglike aryl halides, and a diverse range of alkyl halides. Additionally, the dual catalytic platform facilitates a series of selective one-pot three-component cross-electrophile coupling reactions of bromo(iodo)arenes with two distinct alkyl halides. This demonstrates the unique level of control that the platform provides and enables the rapid generation of molecular complexity. The system can be readily utilized for a wide range of applications as all reaction components are commercially available, the reaction is scalable, and toxic amide-based solvents are not required. It is anticipated that this strategy, as well as the underlying mechanistic framework, will be generalizable to other cross-electrophile coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Charboneau
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Emily L. Barth
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mycah R. Uehling
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Chemistry, HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Susan L. Zultanski
- Merck & Co., Inc., Department of Process Research and Development, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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Ashikari Y, Kawaguchi T, Mandai K, Aizawa Y, Nagaki A. A Synthetic Approach to Dimetalated Arenes Using Flow Microreactors and the Switchable Application to Chemoselective Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17039-17047. [PMID: 32859131 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In spite of their potential utility, the chemistry of dimetalated arenes is still in its infancy because they are extremely difficult to synthesize. We report a novel method of synthesizing arenes bearing a boryl group and a metallic substituent, such as boryl, silyl, stannyl, or zincyl groups, in an integrated flow microreactor based on the generation and reactions of aryllithiums bearing a trialkyl borate moiety. The bimetallic arenes showed a remarkable chemoselectivity in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The selectivity was switched by the selection of the metal species that constitutes the dimetalated arenes as well as appropriate catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ashikari
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawaguchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kyoko Mandai
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoko Aizawa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Aiichiro Nagaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Petko D, Koh S, Tam W. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reactions of Alkynyl Halides. Curr Org Synth 2020; 16:546-582. [PMID: 31984930 DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666190329200616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transition metal-catalyzed reactions of alkynyl halides are a versatile means of synthesizing a wide array of products. Their use is of particular interest in cycloaddition reactions and in constructing new carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Transition metal-catalyzed reactions of alkynyl halides have successfully been used in [4+2], [2+2], [2+2+2] and [3+2] cycloaddition reactions. Many carbon-carbon coupling reactions take advantage of metal-catalyzed reactions of alkynyl halides, including Cadiot-Chodkiewicz, Suzuki-Miyaura, Stille, Kumada-Corriu and Inverse Sonogashira reactions. All the methods of constructing carbon-nitrogen, carbon-oxygen, carbon-phosphorus, carbon-sulfur, carbon-silicon, carbon-selenium and carbon-tellurium bonds employed alkynyl halides. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to highlight and summarize research conducted in transition metalcatalyzed reactions of alkynyl halides in recent years. The focus will be placed on cycloaddition and coupling reactions, and their scope and applicability to the synthesis of biologically important and industrially relevant compounds will be discussed. CONCLUSION It can be seen from the review that the work done on this topic has employed the use of many different transition metal catalysts to perform various cycloadditions, cyclizations, and couplings using alkynyl halides. The reactions involving alkynyl halides were efficient in generating both carbon-carbon and carbonheteroatom bonds. Proposed mechanisms were included to support the understanding of such reactions. Many of these reactions face retention of the halide moiety, allowing additional functionalization of the products, with some new products being inaccessible using their standard alkyne counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Petko
- Guelph-Waterloo Center for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Samuel Koh
- Guelph-Waterloo Center for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - William Tam
- Guelph-Waterloo Center for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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Jarugu LB, Reddy CA, Chikkananjunda NK, Krishnamoorthy S, Sarvanakumar P, Sankar U, Arunachalam PN, McDonald IM, Olson RE, Rampulla R, Mathur A, Gupta A. Process Optimization for the Large-Scale Preparation of (2S,3aR,7aS)-tert-Butyl Hexahydro-2,5-methanopyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-1(4H)-carboxylate, an Intermediate for Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Babu Jarugu
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru-560099, India
| | - China Anki Reddy
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru-560099, India
| | | | - Suresh Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru-560099, India
| | - Pon Sarvanakumar
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru-560099, India
| | - Ulaganathan Sankar
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru-560099, India
| | - Pirama Nayagam Arunachalam
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru-560099, India
| | - Ivar M. McDonald
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Richard E. Olson
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Richard Rampulla
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, P.O Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru-560099, India
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Lin K, Wiles RJ, Kelly CB, Davies GHM, Molander GA. Haloselective Cross-Coupling via Ni/Photoredox Dual Catalysis. ACS Catal 2017; 7:5129-5133. [PMID: 28804677 PMCID: PMC5548095 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The chemoselective functionalization
of polyfunctional aryl linchpins
is crucial for rapid diversification. Although well-explored for Csp2 and Csp nucleophiles, the chemoselective
introduction of Csp3 groups remains notoriously
difficult and is virtually undocumented using Ni catalysts. To fill
this methodological gap, a “haloselective” cross-coupling
process of arenes bearing two halogens, I and Br, using ammonium alkylbis(catecholato)silicates,
has been developed. Utilizing Ni/photoredox dual catalysis, Csp3–Csp2 bonds can
be forged selectively at the iodine-bearing carbon of bromo(iodo)arenes.
The described high-yielding, base-free strategy accommodates various
protic functional groups. Selective electrophile activation enables
installation of a second Csp3 center and can
be done without the need for purification of the intermediate monoalkylated
product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingson Lin
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Wiles
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Christopher B. Kelly
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Geraint H. M. Davies
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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He L, Yang X, Tsui GC. Domino Hydroboration/Trifluoromethylation of Alkynes Using Fluoroform-Derived [CuCF3]. J Org Chem 2017; 82:6192-6201. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisi He
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xinkan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gavin Chit Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
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Dobrounig P, Trobe M, Breinbauer R. Sequential and iterative Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in organic synthesis. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016; 148:3-35. [PMID: 28127089 PMCID: PMC5225241 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sequential and iterative Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions can be performed in which the order of C-C bond formations can be controlled either by the attenuated leaving groups of the multireactive substrate or by specific catalyst/ligand combinations. This tutorial review gives an overview about recent developments in this field and the various strategies used for the assembly of oligoarenes and -alkenes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dobrounig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Trobe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
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Badenock JC, Gribble GW. Metal-Catalyzed Coupling with Heterocycles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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