Investigation of Electrical Conductivity Properties and Electro Transport of a Novel Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Electro Membrane under Constant Current

The role of nanomaterials in tailoring electromembrane extraction performance: A review

Electromembrane extraction (EME) is a membrane-based miniaturized microextraction technique used to extract ionized analytes from complex mixtures. EME extracts can be analyzed using all major analytical instrumental techniques. The major advantages of EME include short extraction time, low consumption of organic solvents and chemicals, high extraction capability, high selectivity, and efficient sample cleanup. Numerous modifications to EME, such as the use of microfluidic devices, green solvents, biobased renewable membranes, and hyphenation with other separation techniques, have increased the selectivity and sensitivity of EME. Furthermore, nanomaterials have been used to improve the efficiency, selectivity, and stability of EME systems. Various nanomaterials have been proposed for the modification of EME-based separation systems. The larger surface area, high porosity, and various interactions with the target analytes are the most important properties of nanomaterials and nanocomposites in improving the figures of merit of EME. Nanomaterials have mainly been used to modify the chemical composition of the liquid membrane in EME, but modifications of the polymeric support membrane and the electrodes have also been reported. Therefore, this review highlights the transformative role of nanomaterials in EME, focusing on their application in enhancing extraction efficiency, selectivity, and stability. Key advancements include modifying supported liquid membranes (SLMs), membrane decoration, and optimizing electrode performance. The review also critically examines challenges, such as pore blockage and electrolysis-induced instability, offering insights into future directions for nanomaterial-enhanced EME. Despite of the numerous benefits of nanomaterials, their environmental toxicity cannot be overlooked and should be carefully examined for each new case. A bio-based and biopolymer-based nanomaterials in future EME studies can significantly address these issues while remaining aligned with green chemistry principles. Artificial intelligence-based models should be applied to predict effective nanomaterials in EME, thus significantly reduce chemical costs and consumption while also increasing the greenness level of developed EME approaches. Finally, long-term stability of new developed solutions should be an obligatory part of each new research in this field.

Electromembrane extraction of polar substances - Status and perspectives

In this article, the scientific literature on electromembrane extraction (EME) of polar substances (log P < 2) is reviewed. EME is an extraction technique based on electrokinetic migration of analyte ions from an aqueous sample, across an organic supported liquid membrane (SLM), and into an aqueous acceptor solution. Because extraction is based on voltage-assisted partitioning, EME is fundamentally suitable for extraction of polar and ionizable substances that are challenging in many other extraction techniques. The article provides an exhaustive overview of papers on EME of polar substances. From this, different strategies to improve the mass transfer of polar substances are reviewed and critically discussed. These strategies include different SLM chemistries, modification of supporting membranes, sorbent additives, aqueous solution chemistry, and voltage/current related strategies. Finally, the future applicability of EME for polar substances is discussed. We expect EME in the coming years to be developed towards both very selective targeted analysis, as well as untargeted analysis of polar substances in biomedical applications such as metabolomics and peptidomics.

Separation of Boron from Geothermal Waters with Membrane System

This study presents the separation and recovery of boron from geothermal waters with a polymeric membrane system and suggests a transport mechanism. The optimum relative parameters of the transport were examined. The recovery value of boron was 60.46% by using polymeric membrane system from prepared aquatic solution to the acceptor phase. The membrane's capacity and selectivity of the transport process were examined. Kinetics values were calculated for each transport parameter. The optimum kinetic values were 1.4785 × 10^-6 (s^-1), 7.3273 × 10^-8 (m/s), 13.5691 × 10^-8 (mol/m².s), 5.8174 × 10^-12 (m²/s) for constant rate, permeability coefficient, flux, and diffusion coefficient, respectively. Boron was transported selectively and successfully from geothermal waters in the presence of other metal cations with 59.85% recovery value. This study indicates the application of real samples in polymeric membrane systems, which are very practical, economic, and easy to use for large-scale applications. The chemical and physical properties of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) offer the opportunity to be specially designed for specific applications.

New Type Biomembrane: Transport and Biodegradation of Reactive Textile Dye

In traditional separation processes, there are environmental risks still because of the presence of toxic agents. Thus, a novel biomembrane microreactor named eco-green biomembrane (EgBM) was developed to perform the transport, biodegradation, and cleaning of a textile dye aqueous solution (3 mg/L) from the donor (i.e., textile dye) to the acceptor (i.e., laccase enzymes) phases. In the present work, Morchella esculenta pellets were used as carriers and degraders instead of using the traditional chemical carriers. The optimized EgBM was made of cellulose triacetate (16.1%) as a base polymer, 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (25.2%) as a plasticizer, and M. esculenta fungus pellets (58.7%) as both carriers and degraders. A decoloration percentage of 98.6% ± 0.8 in 60 h was attained, which was due to two mechanisms: biosorption (15.4% ± 0.1) on fungal mycelium and biodegradation (83.2% ± 0.6) by laccase enzymes. The EgBM was achieved not only by the transport of reactive textile dyes used in the donor phase but also by the biodegradation and biosorption of the dyes.