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Qu C, Peng L, Fei Y, Liang J, Bai W, Liu G. Screening ester-producing yeasts to fortify the brewing of rice-flavor Baijiu for enhanced aromas. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2255423. [PMID: 37715575 PMCID: PMC10506437 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2255423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To enhance the aromas in Guangdong rice-flavor Baijiu, ester-producing yeast was selected to fortify Baijiu brewing. Among eight kinds of ester-producing yeasts selected, Saccharomyces cerevisiae CM15 (CM15) that showed both the stronger ability to utilize substrates to produce esters and the excellent tolerance to industrially relevant stress factors was chosen. When CM15 was synergistically fermented with six kinds of Kojis from distilleries of rice-flavor liquor in Guangdong, the enhanced total esters had happened to the liquors brewing with the fortified four kinds of Kojis, especially with Koji F. When Koji F was fortified with CM15, the resultant Baijiu showed a higher esters proportion and a lower higher alcohol ratio than that of Baijiu brewed only with Koji F, with the content of ethyl acetate and ethyl lactate increasing by 25% and 214%, respectively. This study suggested that CM15 can be used as a functional microorganism to fortify Baijiu brewing, which might also be suitable for other traditional fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Qu
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Special Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liying Peng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Special Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongtao Fei
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Special Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinglong Liang
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Special Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Special Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongliang Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Lingnan Special Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Ciurko D, Łaba W, Żarowska B, Janek T. Enzymatic hydrolysis using bacterial cultures as a novel method for obtaining antioxidant peptides from brewers' spent grain. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4688-4700. [PMID: 35424402 PMCID: PMC8694660 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08830g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brewers' spent grain was used as a substrate to obtain protein hydrolysates with antioxidant activity. Hydrolysis was conducted in the culture using proteolytic bacteria. Hydrolysis was controlled by measurement of α-amino group concentration and with the aid of size exclusion chromatography. For each culture the degree of hydrolysis was calculated. The most efficient protein hydrolysis was observed in the cultures of Bacillus cereus (43.06%) and Bacillus lentus (41.81%). In addition, gelatin zymography was performed in order to detect bacterial proteases and their activity. The profile of secreted enzymes was heterogeneous, while the greatest variety was observed for Bacillus polymyxa. Brewers' spent grain protein hydrolysates exhibited high antioxidant activity. Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus post-cultured media displayed the highest activity, respectively 1291.97 and 1621.31 μM TEAC per g for ABTS, 188.89 and 160.93 μM TEAC per g for DPPH, and 248.81 and 284.08 μM TEAC per g for the FRAP method. Hydrolysis of brewers' spent grain conducted in the bacterial cultures entails reduction of workload, economic cost and environmental impact.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Ciurko
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science J. Chełmońskiego 37 51-630 Wrocław Poland +48 71 320 7723
| | - Wojciech Łaba
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science J. Chełmońskiego 37 51-630 Wrocław Poland +48 71 320 7723
| | - Barbara Żarowska
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science J. Chełmońskiego 37 51-630 Wrocław Poland +48 71 320 7723
| | - Tomasz Janek
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science J. Chełmońskiego 37 51-630 Wrocław Poland +48 71 320 7723
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Divakar K, Priya JDA, Selvam GP, Prabha MS, Kannan A, Devi GN, Gautam P. Detection of Multiple Enzymes in Fermentation Broth Using Single PAGE Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1853:133-138. [PMID: 30097938 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8745-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Activity staining or zymography is a technique to detect enzymes based on their function/activity toward a specific substrate. Multiple enzyme-producing microbes secrete enzymes along with other proteins at varying time points during fermentation. The technique of zymography can be used to detect functionality of enzymes in complex protein/other enzyme mixtures. The protein bands corresponding to specific enzyme among other enzymes/proteins can be located by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) followed by zymogram analysis. This can be employed to locate the secretion pattern of protein/enzyme from intracellular region to extracellular medium. Here we describe simple method for detection and cellular localization of esterases and protease secreted by single microbial strain in one PAGE gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Divakar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, India
| | | | | | | | - Ashwin Kannan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Pennathur Gautam
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India.
- AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India.
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Park CS, Kang DO, Choi NS. Silver-Stained Fibrin Zymography: Separation of Proteases and Activity Detection Using a Single Substrate-Containing Gel. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1626:179-187. [PMID: 28608210 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7111-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver-stained fibrin zymography for separation of protease bands and activity detection using a single substrate gel was designed. The method takes advantage of the nano-scale sensitivity of both zymography and silver staining. After sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in a gel containing fibrin (protease substrate), the gel was incubated in enzyme reaction buffer and the zymogram gel was silver-stained. Bands with protease activity were stained with silver in clear areas where the protein substrate had been degraded. The molecular sizes of proteases were accurately determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Su Park
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ook Kang
- Department of Biochemistry & Health Science, Changwon National University, Changwon/Realbiotech Co., Ltd., Gongju-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nack-Shick Choi
- Department of Biochemistry & Health Science, Changwon National University, Changwon/Realbiotech Co., Ltd., Gongju-si, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
- Careside Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyunggi-do, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.
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Ramakrishnan V, Goveas LC, Suralikerimath N, Jampani C, Halami PM, Narayan B. Extraction and purification of lipase from Enterococcus faecium MTCC5695 by PEG/phosphate aqueous-two phase system (ATPS) and its biochemical characterization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Enhancement of sequential zymography technique for the detection of thermophilic lipases and proteases. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1409-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zymography methods for visualizing hydrolytic enzymes. Nat Methods 2013; 10:211-20. [PMID: 23443633 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Zymography is a technique for studying hydrolytic enzymes on the basis of substrate degradation. It is a powerful, but often misinterpreted, tool yielding information on potential hydrolytic activities, enzyme forms and the locations of active enzymes. In this Review, zymography techniques are compared in terms of advantages, limitations and interpretations. With in gel zymography, enzyme forms are visualized according to their molecular weights. Proteolytic activities are localized in tissue sections with in situ zymography. In vivo zymography can pinpoint proteolytic activity to sites in an intact organism. Future development of novel substrate probes and improvement in detection and imaging methods will increase the applicability of zymography for (reverse) degradomics studies.
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Silver-stained fibrin zymography: separation of proteases and activity detection using a single substrate-containing gel. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:1663-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0619-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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