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Qiu X, Hou X, Yang Y, Fang H, Cui F, Yang X. An in-line method for high-throughput screening of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O inhibitors by capillary electrophoresis based on electrophoretically mediated microanalysis. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1713:464511. [PMID: 38007841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO) plays an important role in inflammation-related pathways and has become an emerging drug target. In this study, we developed an in-line capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the investigation of the enzymatic activity of PTPRO, which was based on electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA). After a thorough method validation of the optimized conditions, this protocol was successfully employed to determine the kinetics of PTPRO as well as the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of two typical PTPRO inhibitors. The final results were consistent with the values obtained through classical ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry. Our new method exhibited improved accuracy and reduced consumption, avoiding the disadvantages of traditional methods. This work provides a new strategy for PTPRO enzyme kinetic studies as well as inhibitory activity determination through capillary electrophoresis for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xuben Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fei Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinying Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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2
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Zhang XW, Bian GL, Kang PY, Cheng XJ, Yan K, Liu YL, Gao YX, Li DQ. Recent advance in the discovery of tyrosinase inhibitors from natural sources via separation methods. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:2104-2117. [PMID: 34579614 PMCID: PMC8480707 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1983559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitors are in great demand in the food, cosmetic and medical industrials due to their important roles. Therefore, the discovery of high-quality TYR inhibitors is always pursued. Natural products as one of the most important sources of bioactive compounds discovery have been increasingly used for TYR inhibitors screening. However, due to their complex compositions, it is still a great challenge to rapid screening and identification of biologically active components from them. In recent years, with the help of separation technologies and the affinity and intrinsic activity of target enzymes, two advanced approaches including affinity screening and inhibition profiling showed great promises for a successful screening of bioactive compounds from natural sources. This review summarises the recent progress of separation-based methods for TYR inhibitors screening, with an emphasis on the principle, application, advantage, and drawback of each method along with perspectives in the future development of these screening techniques and screened hit compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guang-Li Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pei-Ying Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin-Jie Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kai Yan
- Institute for Drug Control of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yong-Li Liu
- Institute for Drug Control of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan-Xia Gao
- Institute for Drug Control of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - De-Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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3
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Screening carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors in traditional Chinese medicine based on electrophoretically mediated microanalysis. Talanta 2021; 232:122444. [PMID: 34074429 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) method for the screening of carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was developed. This method combines transverse diffusion of laminar flow profiles (TDLFP) and rapid polarity switching technology to achieve rapid mixing of different reactants. Different electromigration rates of different substances make it possible that incubation, separation and detection are carried out continuously in a same fused-silica capillary. In this experiment, p-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA) was used as the substrate for the enzyme reaction, which solved the problem that capillary electrophoresis could not detect carbonate, carbon dioxide, etc., the conventional substrates of carbonic anhydrase IX. After optimizing the enzyme reaction and separation conditions, the separation of substrate and product can be finished by baseline within 4 min. The Michaelis constant of carbonic anhydrase IX was measured to be 1.2 mM. A known inhibitor acetazolamide was used to evaluate the feasibility of this method for screening carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated to be 1.26 μM. Finally, 4 natural compounds of 15 traditional Chinese medicine standards were discovered to exhibit enzyme inhibitory activity, including polydatin, matrine, dauricine and cepharanthine, proving that the EMMA method is an effective means for screening carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors. The results were supported by molecular docking study.
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4
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Mine M, Mizuguchi H, Takayanagi T. Inhibition Assay of Theophylline by Capillary Electrophoresis/Dynamic Frontal Analysis on the Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate with Alkaline Phosphatase. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Mine
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijyousanjimacho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Mizuguchi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijyousanjimacho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Toshio Takayanagi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijyousanjimacho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
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Application of Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence to Immunoassays and Enzyme Assays. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101977. [PMID: 31121978 PMCID: PMC6571882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis using laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) is one of the most sensitive separation tools among electrical separation methods. The use of CE-LIF in immunoassays and enzyme assays has gained a reputation in recent years for its high detection sensitivity, short analysis time, and accurate quantification. Immunoassays are bioassay platforms that rely on binding reactions between an antigen (analyte) and a specific antibody. Enzyme assays measure enzymatic activity through quantitative analysis of substrates and products by the reaction of enzymes in purified enzyme or cell systems. These two category analyses play an important role in the context of biopharmaceutical analysis, clinical therapy, drug discovery, and diagnosis analysis. This review discusses the expanding portfolio of immune and enzyme assays using CE-LIF and focuses on the advantages and disadvantages of these methods over the ten years of existing technology since 2008.
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6
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Cheng M, Chen Z. Recent advances in screening of enzymes inhibitors based on capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Anal 2018; 8:226-233. [PMID: 30140486 PMCID: PMC6104152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis with many advantages plays an important role in pharmaceutical analysis and drug screening. This review gives an overview on the recent advances in the developments and applications of capillary electrophoresis in the field of enzyme inhibitor screening. The period covers 2013 to 2017. Both the pre-capillary enzyme assays and in-capillary enzyme assays which include electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) and immobilized enzyme microreactor (IMER) are summarized in this article.
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7
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An On-Column Enzyme Mediated Fluorescence-Amplification Method for Plasma Total Cholesterol Measurement by Capillary Electrophoresis with LIF Detection. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Farcaş E, Servais AC, Lamalle C, Chiap P, Pochet L, Fillet M. Fully automated electrophoretically mediated microanalysis for CYP1A1 activity monitoring optimized by multivariate approach. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:248-55. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Farcaş
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Servais
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Caroline Lamalle
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Patrice Chiap
- Advanced Technology Corporation (ATC); University Hospital Centre of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Lionel Pochet
- Namur Medicine & Drug Innovation Center (NAMEDIC-NARILIS); University of Namur; Namur; Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines (LAM), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
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Sánchez-López E, Marina ML, Crego AL. Improving the sensitivity in chiral capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:19-34. [PMID: 26434566 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CE is known for being one of the most powerful analytical techniques when performing enantioseparations due to its numerous advantages such as excellent separation efficiency and extremely low solvents and reagents consumption, all of them derived from the capillary small dimensions. Moreover, it is worth highlighting that unlike in chromatographic techniques, in CE the chiral selector is generally within the separation medium instead of being attached to the separation column which makes the method optimization a more versatile task. Despite its numerous advantages, when using UV-Vis detection, CE lacks of sensitivity detection due to its short optical path length derived from the narrow separation capillary. This issue can be overcome by means of different approaches, either by sample treatment procedures or by in-capillary preconcentration techniques or even by employing detection systems more sensitive than UV-Vis, such as LIF or MS. The present review assembles the latest contributions regarding improvements of sensitivity in chiral CE published from June 2013 until May 2015, which follows the works included in a previous review reported by Sánchez-Hernández et al. [Electrophoresis 2014, 35, 12-27].
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio L Crego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Nehmé R, Morin P. Advances in capillary electrophoresis for miniaturizing assays on kinase enzymes for drug discovery. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2768-2797. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reine Nehmé
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans - CNRS; UMR 7311 Orléans France
| | - Philippe Morin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans - CNRS; UMR 7311 Orléans France
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11
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Tang L, Zhang W, Zhao H, Chen Z. Tyrosinase inhibitor screening in traditional Chinese medicines by electrophoretically mediated microanalysis. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2887-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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12
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13
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Screening of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in natural products by capillary electrophoresis combined with high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1400:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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LIU DM, SHI YP, CHEN J. Application of Capillary Electrophoresis in Enzyme Inhibitors Screening. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(15)60826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Screening of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in natural product extracts by capillary electrophoresis in combination with high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1388:267-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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New methods based on capillary electrophoresis for in vitro evaluation of protein tau phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3-β. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:2821-8. [PMID: 25711986 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The hyperphosphorylation of tau protein is associated with the development of the neuronal pathology of Alzheimer's disease. As most conventional methods study only particular phosphorylation sites of tau, it is necessary to develop a simple and reliable assay to determine the phosphorylation of tau at multiple sites. Capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based enzymatic assays are not yet used to monitor tau phosphorylation. The present work aims to develop CE-based assays to evaluate tau phosphorylation by the glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3β). A novel pre-capillary CE assay was first developed. An in-capillary CE-based enzymatic assay was also used since this approach is known to be time- and cost- effective. The enzymatic reaction was monitored by quantifying the product adenosine 5'- diphosphate (ADP). The influence of two classes of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), namely heparin and heparan sulfate, on the phosphorylation reaction was also assessed. Results obtained by both CE approaches were comparable and in excellent agreement with those reported in the literature using conventional radiometric and immunoblotting methods. In fact, CE results confirmed the inductory effect of the sulfated sugars heparin and heparan sulfate on tau hyperphosphorylation, probably because of the exposition of new sites phosphorylatable by GSK3β. This study shows that simple (no-labeling), rapid (less than 30 min per assay), and eco-friendly (no-radioactivity) CE-based kinase assays can give insight into the abnormal phosphorylation of tau. They can be extended to screen different modulators of tau phosphorylation to highlight their function and to develop effective drugs for neurodegenerative disease treatments.
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Řemínek R, Glatz Z, Thormann W. Optimized on-line enantioselective capillary electrophoretic method for kinetic and inhibition studies of drug metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1349-57. [PMID: 25382218 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a chiral drug can significantly differ between application of the racemate and single enantiomers. During drug development, the characteristics of candidate compounds have to be assessed prior to clinical testing. Since biotransformation significantly influences drug actions in an organism, metabolism studies represent a crucial part of such tests. Hence, an optimized and economical capillary electrophoretic method for on-line studies of the enantioselective drug metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes was developed. It comprises a diffusion-based procedure, which enables mixing of the enzyme with virtually any compound inside the nanoliter-scale capillary reactor and without the need of additional optimization of mixing conditions. For CYP3A4, ketamine as probe substrate and highly sulfated γ-cyclodextrin as chiral selector, improved separation conditions for ketamine and norketamine enantiomers compared to a previously published electrophoretically mediated microanalysis method were elucidated. The new approach was thoroughly validated for the CYP3A4-mediated N-demethylation pathway of ketamine and applied to the determination of its kinetic parameters and the inhibition characteristics in presence of ketoconazole and dexmedetomidine. The determined parameters were found to be comparable to literature data obtained with different techniques. The presented method constitutes a miniaturized and cost-effective tool, which should be suitable for the assessment of the stereoselective aspects of kinetic and inhibition studies of cytochrome P450-mediated metabolic steps within early stages of the development of a new drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Řemínek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Thormann
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Wang H, Xu W, Cao J, Wang W. Rapid screening of aminopeptidase N inhibitors by capillary electrophoresis with electrophoretically mediated microanalysis. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:319-25. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan P. R. China
| | - Wenfang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan P. R. China
| | - Jiangying Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan P. R. China
| | - Weihong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; Jinan P. R. China
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19
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Glatz Z. On-capillary derivatisation as an approach to enhancing sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:744-63. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science and CEITEC; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
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20
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Malina A, Bryant SK, Chang SH, Waldrop GL, Gilman SD. Capillary electrophoresis-based assay of phosphofructokinase-1. Anal Biochem 2014; 447:1-5. [PMID: 24444856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An assay was developed for phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) using capillary electrophoresis (CE). In the glycolytic pathway, this enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step from fructose-6-phosphate and magnesium-bound adenosine triphosphate (Mg-ATP) to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and magnesium-bound adenosine diphosphate (Mg-ADP). This enzyme has recently become a research target because of the importance of glycolysis in cancer and obesity. The CE assay for PFK-1 is based on the separation and detection by ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at 260 nm of Mg-ATP and Mg-ADP. The separation was enhanced by the addition of Mg²⁺ to the separation buffer. Inhibition studies of PFK-1 by aurintricarboxylic acid and palmitoyl coenzyme A were also performed. An IC₅₀ value was determined for aurintricarboxylic acid, and this value matched values in the literature obtained using coupled spectrophotometric assays. This assay for PFK-1 directly monitors the enzyme-catalyzed reaction, and the CE separation reduces the potential of spectral interference by inhibitors.
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21
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Zhao H, Chen Z. Screening of neuraminidase inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine by transverse diffusion mediated capillary microanalysis. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:052003. [PMID: 25332727 PMCID: PMC4189397 DOI: 10.1063/1.4894162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A transverse diffusion mediated capillary microanalysis method has been developed for screening of neuraminidase inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine. The enzyme, substrate and inhibitors were sequentially injected, mixed efficiently by transverse diffusion of laminar flow profiles, then incubated and separated in the same capillary. To enhance the mixing efficiency of reactants, running buffer was injected by alternately applying +5 kPa and -5 kPa at the capillary inlet and the procedure was repeated three times. The capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation conditions and reactants mixing conditions were optimized. Dual-wavelength detection was employed to eliminate the interference with natural compounds. The method has been applied to determine the kinetics constant of neuraminidase and screen 12 compounds from traditional Chinese medicine. Four compounds have been found to be positive for enzyme inhibition. The results are in good agreement with those reported in the literature. The method realized the mixing of substrate and enzyme with identical electrophoretic mobility. This novel CE method was simple, rapid, economic, and fully automated. Therefore, it was appropriate for neuraminidase inhibitors screening and could be extended to other high-throughput screening of active components from traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan 430071, China
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22
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Deeb SE, Wätzig H, El-Hady DA, Albishri HM, de Griend CSV, Scriba GKE. Recent advances in capillary electrophoretic migration techniques for pharmaceutical analysis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:170-89. [PMID: 24395663 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction about 30 years ago, CE techniques have gained a significant impact in pharmaceutical analysis. The present review covers recent advances and applications of CE for the analysis of pharmaceuticals. Both small molecules and biomolecules such as proteins are considered. The applications range from the determination of drug-related substances to the analysis of counterions and the determination of physicochemical parameters. Furthermore, general considerations of CE methods in pharmaceutical analysis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Drug Analysis and Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Azhar University - Gaza, Gaza, Palestine; Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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23
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Nehmé R, Nehmé H, Saurat T, de-Tauzia ML, Buron F, Lafite P, Verrelle P, Chautard E, Morin P, Routier S, Bénédetti H. New in-capillary electrophoretic kinase assays to evaluate inhibitors of the PI3k/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:3743-54. [PMID: 24817345 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human kinases are one of the most promising targets for cancer therapy. Methods able to measure the effects of drugs on these cell agents remain crucial for biologists and medicinal chemists. The current work therefore sought to develop an in-capillary enzymatic assay based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) to evaluate the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). These kinases belong to the same signaling pathway PI3K/Akt/mTOR. For this proposal, the capillary was used as a nanoreactor in which a few nanoliters of the kinase, its substrate, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the potent inhibitor were separately injected. A transverse diffusion of laminar flow profiles (TDLFP) approach was employed to mix the reactants. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP ) was detected online at 254 nm. The CE assay was first developed on the α isoform of PI3K. It was compared to five commercial kits frequently used to assess kinase inhibition, based on time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) and bioluminescence. Each assay was evaluated in terms of sensitivity (S/B), reproducibility (Z'), and variability (r (2)). This CE method was easily extended to assay the inhibition of the β, γ, and δ isoforms of PI3K, and of the other kinases of the pathway, Akt1 and mTOR, since it is based on in-capillary mixing by TDLFP and on ADP quantification by simple UV absorption. This work shows for the first time the evaluation of inhibitors of the kinases of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway using a common in-capillary CE assay. Several inhibitors with a wide range of affinity toward these enzymes were tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reine Nehmé
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), CNRS FR 2708, UMR 7311, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France,
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24
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Screening of protein kinase inhibitors in natural extracts by capillary electrophoresis combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1337:188-93. [PMID: 24630067 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a capillary electrophoresis method in conjunction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for screening of protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) in natural extracts. Protein kinase A (PKA), substrate 5-carboxyfluorescein-labeled kemptide (CLK) and inhibitor H-89 were employed for the method development and validation. Enzymatic inhibition assay was performed with electrophoretically mediated microanalysis technique. Once the bioactivity of a natural extract was confirmed, an assay-guided isolation and structure elucidation using LC-MS/MS were accomplished to identify the compounds which are responsible for the observed bioactivity. Totally 33 natural extracts were screened with the method, and baicalin in the extract of Radix Scutellariae was identified to be a new PKI of PKA. This result demonstrated the practical applicability of our method in screening of PKIs from natural products.
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25
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Fu R, Liu L, Guo Y, Guo L, Yang L. Sequential micellar electrokinetic chromatography analysis of racemization reaction of alanine enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1331:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Stereospecific electrophoretically mediated microanalysis assay for methionine sulfoxide reductase enzymes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:1723-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Yin Z, Zhao W, Tian M, Zhang Q, Guo L, Yang L. A capillary electrophoresis-based immobilized enzyme reactor using graphene oxide as a support via layer by layer electrostatic assembly. Analyst 2014; 139:1973-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an02241b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Using graphene oxide as an enzyme support, we developed a novel CE-based microreactor via layer-by-layer electrostatic assembly, which can be used for accurate on-line analysis and characterization of peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengri Yin
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Liping Guo
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun, P. R. China
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28
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Sánchez-Hernández L, Guijarro-Diez M, Marina ML, Crego AL. New approaches in sensitive chiral CE. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:12-27. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel Guijarro-Diez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio L. Crego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
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29
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2011-2013). Electrophoresis 2013; 35:69-95. [PMID: 24255019 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The review presents a comprehensive survey of recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, ITP, IEF, affinity electrophoresis, EKC, and electrochromatography) for analysis, isolation, purification, and physicochemical and biochemical characterization of peptides. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides, in the methodology of their analysis, including sample preseparation, preconcentration and derivatization, adsorption suppression and EOF control, as well as in detection of peptides, are presented. New developments in particular CE and CEC modes are reported and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are described: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex (bio)matrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid, sequence and chiral analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some micropreparative peptide separations are shown and capabilities of CE and CEC techniques to provide relevant physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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30
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Kuehnbaum NL, Kormendi A, Britz-McKibbin P. Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry: A High-Throughput Platform for Metabolomics with High Data Fidelity. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10664-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403171u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L. Kuehnbaum
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Aleshia Kormendi
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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31
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Nowak P, Michalik M, Fiedor L, Woźniakiewicz M, Kościelniak P. Capillary electrophoresis as a tool for a cost-effective assessment of the activity of plant membrane enzyme chlorophyllase. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:3341-4. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Nowak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | - Maciej Michalik
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; Faculty of Biochemistry; Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | - Leszek Fiedor
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; Faculty of Biochemistry; Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | - Michał Woźniakiewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | - Paweł Kościelniak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
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32
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Determination of inhibitory potency of argatroban toward thrombin by electrophoretically mediated microanalysis. Talanta 2013; 116:719-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Wang X, Li K, Adams E, Schepdael AV. Recent advances in CE-mediated microanalysis for enzyme study. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:119-27. [PMID: 24170447 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an overview of the recent developments and applications in the use of CE-mediated microanalysis for enzyme studies. The period covers mid-2011 until mid-2013. Both off-line and in-line enzyme assays with their applications using CE are described in this article. For the in-capillary enzyme reaction, the techniques using electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) as well as immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) are discussed. The applications include the evaluation of enzyme activity, enzyme kinetics, enzyme inhibition, screening of enzyme inhibitors, and the study of enzyme-mediated drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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34
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Asensi-Bernardi L, Martín-Biosca Y, Escuder-Gilabert L, Sagrado S, Medina-Hernández MJ. Fast evaluation of enantioselective drug metabolism by electrophoretically mediated microanalysis: Application to fluoxetine metabolism by CYP2D6. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:3214-20. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Asensi-Bernardi
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Facultad de Farmacia; Universitat de València; Burjassot Spain
| | - Yolanda Martín-Biosca
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Facultad de Farmacia; Universitat de València; Burjassot Spain
| | - Laura Escuder-Gilabert
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Facultad de Farmacia; Universitat de València; Burjassot Spain
| | - Salvador Sagrado
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Facultad de Farmacia; Universitat de València; Burjassot Spain
- Centro Interuniversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico; Unidad Mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Universitat de València; Valencia Spain
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35
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Mesbah K, Oukacine F, Lehnert S, Otto M, Taverna M. On-line capillary electrophoresis derivatization method for high sensitivity analysis of ubiquitin in filtered cerebrospinal fluid. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2733-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefan Lehnert
- Department of Neurology; University of Ulm; Ulm; Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology; University of Ulm; Ulm; Germany
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36
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Zhu Q, El-Mergawy RG, Heinemann SH, Schönherr R, Jáč P, Scriba GKE. Stereospecific micellar electrokinetic chromatography assay of methionine sulfoxide reductase activity employing a multiple layer coated capillary. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2712-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingfu Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena; Germany
| | - Rabab G. El-Mergawy
- Department of Biophysics; Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital; Jena; Germany
| | - Stefan H. Heinemann
- Department of Biophysics; Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital; Jena; Germany
| | - Roland Schönherr
- Department of Biophysics; Friedrich Schiller University Jena and Jena University Hospital; Jena; Germany
| | - Pavel Jáč
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena; Germany
| | - Gerhard K. E. Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Jena; Germany
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37
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Nowak P, Woźniakiewicz M, Kościelniak P. An overview of on-line systems using drug metabolizing enzymes integrated into capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2604-14. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Nowak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University; Kraków; Poland
| | - Michał Woźniakiewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University; Kraków; Poland
| | - Paweł Kościelniak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University; Kraków; Poland
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38
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Zhao H, Chen Z. Screening of aromatase inhibitors in traditional Chinese medicines by electrophoretically mediated microanalysis in a partially filled capillary. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2691-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery; Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
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39
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Wang X, Dou Z, Yuan Y, Man S, Wolfs K, Adams E, Van Schepdael A. On-line screening of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors by capillary electrophoresis coupled to ESI mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 930:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Asensi-Bernardi L, Martín-Biosca Y, Escuder-Gilabert L, Sagrado S, Medina-Hernández M. In-line capillary electrophoretic evaluation of the enantioselective metabolism of verapamil by cytochrome P3A4. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1298:139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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41
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Nehmé H, Nehmé R, Lafite P, Routier S, Morin P. In-capillary reactant mixing for monitoring glycerol kinase kinetics by CE. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2151-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hala Nehmé
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - Reine Nehmé
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - Pierre Lafite
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - Sylvain Routier
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
| | - Philippe Morin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA); Université d'Orléans; Orléans France
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42
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Shanmuganathan M, Britz-McKibbin P. High quality drug screening by capillary electrophoresis: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 773:24-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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43
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Abstract
In the past years, capillary electrophoresis has become a frequently used technique for enzyme assays due to the high separation efficiency and versatility as well as small sample size and low consumption of chemicals. The capillary electrophoresis assays can be divided into two general categories: pre-capillary (or offline) assays and in-capillary (or online) assays. In pre-capillary assays, the incubation is performed offline and substrate(s) and product(s) are subsequently analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. In in-capillary assays enzyme reaction and separation of the analytes are performed inside the same capillary. In such assays the enzyme is either immobilized or in solution. The latter techniques is also referred to as electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) indicating that the individual steps of the incubation as well as analysis are performed via electrophoretic phenomena. This chapter describes both techniques using the deacetylation of acetyl-lysine residues in model peptides by sirtuin enzymes as well as the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine by acetylcholinesterase as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
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44
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Ying Kwan H, Thormann W. Electrophoretically mediated microanalysis for characterization of the enantioselective CYP3A4 catalyzed N-demethylation of ketamine. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3299-305. [PMID: 22949220 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Execution of an enzymatic reaction performed in a capillary with subsequent electrophoretic analysis of the formed products is referred to as electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA). An EMMA method was developed to investigate the stereoselectivity of the CYP3A4-mediated N-demethylation of ketamine. Ketamine was incubated in a 50 μm id bare fused-silica capillary together with human CYP3A4 Supersomes using a 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37°C. A plug containing racemic ketamine and the NADPH regenerating system including all required cofactors for the enzymatic reaction was injected, followed by a plug of the metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4 (500 nM). These two plugs were bracketed by plugs of incubation buffer to ensure proper conditions for the enzymatic reaction. The rest of the capillary was filled with a pH 2.5 running buffer comprising 50 mM Tris, phosphoric acid, and 2% w/v of highly sulfated γ-cyclodextrin. Mixing of reaction plugs was enhanced via application of -10 kV for 10 s. After an incubation of 8 min at 37°C without power application (zero-potential amplification), the capillary was cooled to 25°C within 3 min followed by application of -10 kV for the separation and detection of the formed enantiomers of norketamine. Norketamine formation rates were fitted to the Michaelis-Menten model and the elucidated values for V(max) and K(m) were found to be comparable to those obtained from the off-line assay of a previous study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Ying Kwan
- Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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45
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Zhao W, Tian M, Nie R, Wang Y, Guo L, Yang L. Online enzyme discrimination and determination of substrate enantiomers based on electrophoretically mediated microanalysis. Anal Chem 2012; 84:6701-6. [PMID: 22746829 DOI: 10.1021/ac301125j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We proposed the first application of an electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) method for fast online discrimination and determination of substrate enantiomers, which was achieved by just one EMMA assay. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-catalyzed reaction was studied to evaluate the feasibility and performance of the presented method. The L- and D-LDH chiral enzymatic reactions, which are highly stereoselective to the lactate enantiomers, were initiated successively in one capillary, and the corresponding products, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), were online discriminated and detected by UV absorption. Excellent linear dependence of the two NADH peak intensities on the concentration of the corresponding lactate enantiomers was obtained within a wide range of 0.1-10 mM. The limit of detection was 26 μM for D-lactate and 49 μM for L-lactate (S/N = 3). Good repeatability of online chiral discrimination was demonstrated with relative standard deviation (RSD) < 6.3% for NADH peak height and RSD < 1.5% for migration time (n = 5). K(m) values for L- and D-lactate were measured and were consistent with those of the off-line enzyme assays. The presented method was successfully applied to determine the L-/D-lactate in several yogurt and wine samples. Our study shows a new application of the EMMA method utilizing high stereoselectivity of enzymes for fast online chiral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, People's Republic of China
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