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Holland LA, Casto-Boggess LD. Gels in Microscale Electrophoresis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:161-179. [PMID: 37314879 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091522-080207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gel matrices are fundamental to electrophoresis analyses of biopolymers in microscale channels. Both capillary gel and microchannel gel electrophoresis systems have produced fundamental advances in the scientific community. These analytical techniques remain as foundational tools in bioanalytical chemistry and are indispensable in the field of biotherapeutics. This review summarizes the current state of gels in microscale channels and provides a brief description of electrophoretic transport in gels. In addition to the discussion of traditional polymers, several nontraditional gels are introduced. Advances in gel matrices highlighted include selective polymers modified to contain added functionality as well as thermally responsive gels formed through self-assembly. This review discusses cutting-edge applications to challenging areas of discovery in DNA, RNA, protein, and glycan analyses. Finally, emerging techniques that result in multifunctional assays for real-time biochemical processing in capillary and three-dimensional channels are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA;
| | - Laura D Casto-Boggess
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA;
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2
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Shao H, Lai L, Xu D, Crommen J, Wang Q, Jiang Z. Development of zirconium modified adenosine triphosphate functionalized monolith for specific enrichment of N-glycans. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1644:462090. [PMID: 33823387 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, to selectively enrich N-glycans from complex biological samples, a novel Zr(IV) modified adenosine triphosphate (Zr(IV)-ATP) functionalized monolith was prepared through a facile approach. Well-defined macroporous structure was observed in the ATP functionalized monolith, which allows rapid mass transfer under low backpressure and is beneficial for the enrichment of N-glycans. After being modified with Zr(IV), the resulting Zr(IV)-ATP functionalized monolith could selectively capture N-glycans through the specific interactions between the sulfonate groups of 1-aminopyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid (APTS) labeled N-glycans and Zr(IV). An APTS labeled maltooligosaccharide ladder was used to optimize the enrichment conditions for APTS labeled N-glycans, and capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector was employed to evaluate the enrichment efficiency. The results show that the APTS labeled maltooligosaccharides could be enriched under the selected conditions and the signal amplify factors of the maltooligosaccharides were between 7.4 and 19.5 with RSDs for reproducibility from 4.0% to 8.3% (n = 3). Finally, the proposed method was successfully used for the enrichment and detection of N-glycans released from Ribonuclease B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huikai Shao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Liang Lai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jacques Crommen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege, Quartier Hôpital, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Qiqin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Shao H, Reider B, Jarvas G, Guttman A, Jiang Z, Tran NT, Taverna M. On-line enrichment of N-glycans by immobilized metal-affinity monolith for capillary electrophoresis analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1134:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Lu G, Holland LA. Profiling the N-Glycan Composition of IgG with Lectins and Capillary Nanogel Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1375-1383. [PMID: 30525457 PMCID: PMC6335613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Glycosylated human
IgG contains fucosylated biantennary N-glycans with
different modifications including N-acetylglucosamine,
which bisects the mannose core. Although
only a limited number of IgG N-glycan structures
are possible, human IgG N-glycans are predominantly
biantennary and fucosylated and contain varying levels of α2–6-linked
sialic acid, galactose, and bisected N-acetylglucosamine.
Monitoring the relative abundance of bisecting N-acetylglucosamine
is relevant to physiological processes. A rapid, inexpensive, and
automated method is used to successfully profile N-linked IgG glycans
and is suitable to distinguish differences in bisection, galactosylation,
and sialylation in N-glycans derived from different
sources of human IgG. The separation is facilitated with self-assembled
nanogels that also contain a single stationary zone of lectin. When
the lectin specificity matches the N-glycan, the
peak disappears from the electropherogram, identifying the N-glycan structure. The nanogel electrophoresis generates
separation efficiencies of 500 000 plates and resolves the
positional isomers of monogalactosylated biantennary N-glycan and the monogalactosylated bisected N-glycan. Aleuria aurantia lectin, Erythrina cristagalli lectin (ECL), Sambucus nigra lectin, and Phaseolus vulgaris Erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) are used to
identify fucose, galactose, α2–6-linked sialic acid,
and bisected N-acetylglucosamine, respectively. Although
PHA-E lectin has a strong binding affinity for bisected N-glycans that also contain a terminal galactose on the α1–6-linked
mannose branch, this lectin has lower affinity for N-glycans containing terminal galactose and for agalactosylated bisected
biantennary N-glycans. The lower affinity to these
motifs is observed in the electropherograms as a change in peak width,
which when used in conjunction with the results from the ECL lectin
authenticates the composition of the agalactosylated bisected biantennary N-glycan. For runs performed at 17 °C, the precision
in migration time and peak area was less than or equal to 0.08 and
4% relative standard deviation, respectively. The method is compatible
with electrokinetic and hydrodynamic injections, with detection limits
of 70 and 300 pM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lu
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
| | - Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
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Voeten RLC, Ventouri IK, Haselberg R, Somsen GW. Capillary Electrophoresis: Trends and Recent Advances. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1464-1481. [PMID: 29298038 PMCID: PMC5994730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L C Voeten
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,TI-COAST , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iro K Ventouri
- TI-COAST , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Analytical Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Haselberg
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jarvas G, Szigeti M, Chapman J, Guttman A. Triple-Internal Standard Based Glycan Structural Assignment Method for Capillary Electrophoresis Analysis of Carbohydrates. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11364-11367. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Jarvas
- Horváth
Csaba Memorial Institute for Bioanalytical Research, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-PE
Translational Glycomics Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Marton Szigeti
- Horváth
Csaba Memorial Institute for Bioanalytical Research, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-PE
Translational Glycomics Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | | | - Andras Guttman
- Horváth
Csaba Memorial Institute for Bioanalytical Research, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- SCIEX, Brea, California 92821, United States
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Jarvas G, Kerekgyarto M, Guttman A. On the electromigration of charged fluorophore-labeled oligosaccharides in polyethylene oxide solutions. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2347-51. [PMID: 27159236 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The separation mechanism of charged fluorophore (aminopyrenetrisulfonate)-labeled maltooligosaccharides with α1-4 linkages was studied in polyethylene oxide (PEO) solutions (MW 300 000 Da) with special interest to possible analyte and/or network deformations as well as potential solute-matrix interactions. The electrophoretic mobilities of the 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate-labeled maltooligosaccharides were found proportional with their MW(-2/3) . The Arrhenius function was used to determine the activation energy needed by the labeled sugars to migrate through the separation media. With increasing solute size, the activation energy (Ea ) values decreased in polymer concentrations above the entanglement threshold of the PEO, while showed apparently independent function at the entanglement threshold. The observed phenomenon was considered as a result of solute-matrix interaction, which could be alleviated by the addition of an organic modifier to the BGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Jarvas
- Horváth Csaba Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Regional Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-PE Translational Glycomics Research Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - Marta Kerekgyarto
- Horváth Csaba Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Regional Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - András Guttman
- Horváth Csaba Laboratory of Bioseparation Sciences, Regional Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. .,MTA-PE Translational Glycomics Research Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprem, Hungary.
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